Capı́tol 1

¶ "si p llavors q"

¶ "p si i nom¶e s si (sii) q"
: !=0
Suposem que els colors ¶
e s la ¶
u nica cosa que permet diferenciar les banderes
Capı́tol 2
j j¶ µ ¡
Capı́tol 3
Capı́tol 4
 ¶¶ µ
¶ :
48 j 2
24 j 2
12 j 2
6 j 2
3 j 3
1 j

48 = 24 ¢3
Capı́tol 5
Capı́tol 6
 1.0
y
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-0.2 x
-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0
 1.0
y
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-0.2 x
-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

10
y
8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2 x
-4

-6

-8

-10
 10
y
8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2 x
-4

-6

-8

-10

10
y
8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2 x
-4

-6

-8

-10
 10
y
8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2 x
-4

-6

-8

-10
 2
y

-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

x

-1

-2
 y3

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
x

y 1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-0.2 x
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
 y 1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-0.2 x
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
-1.4

y3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
 y 1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-0.2 x
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
-1.4
Capı́tol 7
¶ ¢ = 2
 µ 0 ¶ ¶ µ (
0 ¶ ¶ )
1 1 2 1
1 2 1
2 1
1 2