CONDICIONAL TIPO 3

FORMACIÓN
En una oración condicional de tipo 3, el tiempo verbal de la proposición "if" es el
"past perfect" y el de la cláusula principal puede ser el "perfect conditional" o
el "perfect continuous conditional".

Proposición "if" Proposición principal

If + past perfect "perfect conditional" o "perfect continuous conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened.

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales, el orden de las proposiciones
no es fijo. Es posible que sea preciso modificar los pronombres y la puntuación al
revertir el orden de las cláusulas pero el significado de la oración seguirá siendo el
mismo.

EJEMPLOS

 If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.

 You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
 You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
 If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
 I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
 If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

FUNCIONES
El "type 3 conditional" se refiere a una condición imposible, situada temporalmente
en el pasado, y a su resultado probable en el pasado. Estas oraciones son
ciertamente hipotéticas e irreales porque, en este momento, es demasiado tarde
para que la condición o su resultado se produzcan. El condicional tipo 3 casi
siempre implica cierto arrepentimiento o que lamentamos algo. La realidad es lo
opuesto o lo contrario de lo que se expresa en la oración. En las oraciones
condicionales de tipo 3 el marco temporal es el pasado y la situación
es hipotética.
EJEMPLOS

 If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work
hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)
 If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't
know and I didn't bake a cake.)
 I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you
didn't call me and I am not happy.)

En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 3 también pueden emplearse los modales

en la cláusula principal, en lugar de "would", para expresar el grado de certeza,
permiso o una recomendación sobre el resultado.

EJEMPLOS

 If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.

 You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
 If he called you, you could go.
 If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

CONTRACCIONES
Tanto "would" como "had" pueden contraerse de la misma forma, -'d, algo que
puede generar confusión si no dominamos las oraciones condicionales de tipo 3.
Recuerda estas 2 reglas:
1. "would" nunca aparece en la proposición "if", por tanto, si "-'d" aparece en la
proposición "if", será la contracción de "had".
2. "had" nunca se pone antes de "have", por tanto, si "-'d" aparece tras un
pronombre y va seguido de "have", será la contracción de "would".

EJEMPLOS

 If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.

 If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
 I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
 I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
 If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
 If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

EL "PERFECT CONDITIONAL"
El "perfect conditional" de cualquier verbo está compuesto por tres elementos:
would + have + past participle
"Have", seguido del "past participle" de un verbo, se emplea también en otras
construcciones. Se denomina "perfect infinitive".
Sujeto + would + have + past participle

He would have gone

They would have stayed

TO GO: PERFECT CONDITIONAL

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa

negativa

I would have I wouldn't have Would I have Wouldn't I have

gone gone gone? gone?

You would have You wouldn't have Would you have Wouldn't you have
gone gone gone? gone?

He would have He wouldn't have Would he have Wouldn't he have

gone gone gone? gone?

She would have She wouldn't have Would she have Wouldn't she have
gone gone gone? gone?

We would have We wouldn't have Would we have Wouldn't we have

gone gone gone? gone?

They would have They wouldn't Would they have Wouldn't they have
gone have gone gone? gone?