[1]

1. ¬ (a v b) → (c → 𝑑)
2. ¬a ∧ ¬d
:. ¬b → ¬c

[2]

1.¬a ↔ b
:. ¬( a ↔ b)

[3]

1. a → (b ∧ ¬c)
2. c
3. (d ∧ ¬e) v a
:. d