Problema 3

Sea A(t), B(t) y C(t) las concentraciones de A,B y C respectivamente en el tiempo t.

Las ecuaciones diferenciales que describen este sistema cinético son:

A' ( t ) =−k A ( t ) B ( t ) , B' ( t )=−k A ( t ) B ( t ) y C ' ( t )=k A ( t ) B(t)

Con valores iniciales A ( 0 ) =A 0 , B ( 0 )=0 y C ( 0 )=0

Como A' (t)=B ' (t ) existe una constante M tal que A(t )+ M =B (t)

Entonces A0 + M =B0 → M =B 0− A0 reemplazando A(t )+ B 0−A 0=B( t)

Para: A' ( t ) =−k A (t) ¿)

dA (t)
=−k A(t )(A (t)+ B0 −A 0)
dt

dA (t)
=−k dt …(α )
A (t)( A (t)+ B0− A0 )

Por fracciones parciales:

1 m n
= +
A (t)( A (t)+ B0− A0 ) A (t) A (t)+B 0− A0

1=m ( A ( t )+ B0 −A 0 ) + nA ( t )

1= A ( t ) ( m+n )+ m ( B0− A 0 )

→ A (t)(m+n)=0 , m ( B0− A 0 )=1

1 −1
→ m= , n=
B0 −A 0 B0 −A 0

Reemplazamos en (α ) e integrar

∫¿¿
ln A( t) ln ( A ( t )+ B0 −A 0 )
− =−k t
B 0− A 0 B 0− A 0
 k ( A0−B 0) t
A0 ( B0− A 0 ) e
→ A (t )= k ( A0 −B0) t
B 0− A 0 e

Sabemos que M =B0− A 0 → A(t )=B(t)−( B0− A 0) , entonces:

'
Para: B ( t )=−k ( B(t)− ( B 0− A0 ) )B(t)

d B(t )
=−( B (t )−( B 0− A0 ) ) B(t )
dt

dB(t )
=−k dt …(β )
B(t)( B(t)+ A0 −B 0)

Por fracciones parciales:

1 p q
= +
B(t)( B(t)+ A0 −B 0) B (t) B(t)+ A 0−B0

1= p ( B ( t ) + A 0−B0 ) +qB ( t )

1=B ( t )( p+q )+ p ( A 0−B0 )

→ B(t)( p+q)=0 , p ( A0 −B 0 )=1

1 −1
→ p= ,n=
A 0−B0 A 0−B0

Reemplazamos en ( β ) e integrar

∫¿¿
ln B (t) ln ( B (t ) + A0 −B 0 )
− =−k t
A 0−B0 A0 −B 0

k ( B 0− A 0 ) t
B 0 ( A 0−B 0 ) e
→ B ( t )= k ( B0 −A 0) t
A 0−B0 e

Para:C ' ( t )=k A ( t ) B(t) como A ( t )+C ( t ) =A 0 y B ( t ) +C ( t )=B0 , entonces:

A ( t )= A0−C ( t ) y B ( t )=B0 −C ( t )

C ' ( t )=k ( A 0−C ( t ) )( B 0−C ( t ))

d C (t)
=k (A 0−C ( t ) )( B0−C ( t ) )
dt

dC ( t )
=k dt … (γ )
( A 0−C ( t ) )( B0 −C ( t ))
Por fracciones parciales:

1 m n
= +
( A 0−C ( t ) )( B0 −C ( t )) ( A 0−C ( t ) ) ( B 0−C ( t ) )

1=m ( B0−C ( t ) ) + n ( A 0−C (t ) )

1=mB 0 +n A 0−C (t) ( m+n )

→ m B0 +n A0=1 , C ( t )( m+n )=0

1 −1
→ m= , n=
B0 −A 0 B0 −A 0

Reemplazamos en ( γ ) e integrar:

∫¿¿
ln ( A0 −C ( t ) ) ln ( B0 −C ( t ) )
− =−k t
B 0− A0 B 0− A 0

ln ( A 0−C ( t ) )−ln ( B 0−C ( t ) )=−k t ( B0− A 0 )

A 0−C ( t )
ln
( B0−C (t ) )=−k t ( B0− A 0 )

A 0−C (t ) −k t ( B −A ) 0 0
=e
B0−C ( t )

k t ( A0−B0 )
A 0 B 0 (1−e )
C ( t )= k t ( A0 − B0 )
B 0− A 0 e