Ingles, Pasado Simple

INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA MUNICIPAL NACIONAL DE PITALITO
HUILA
Reconocimiento oficial mediante Resolución No.01248 de 2008
Emanada por la Secretaría de Educación del Departamento del Huila
Nit. 891.180.208-9 DANE 141551001230
“We want to see you again, so please stay

home”
SUBJECT: English HOURS PER WEEK: 3
GUIDE: Nº 1 second term OBJECTIVE: Reconocer y
GRADE:10th usar de forma correcta los
TOPIC: Past tenses. cuatro pasados en inglés.
COMPETENCE: Identifica y aplica correctamente las estructuras de los cuatro pasados y sus
respectivas tag questions, asimila y aplica una buena comprensión de textos. Se observa mucho
interés y responsabilidad en desarrollo de las diferentes actividades
EVIDENCIA DE APRENDIZAJE (EVALUACIÓN): Aquellos estudiantes que cuentan con

conectividad a Internet enviarán sus trabajos a los siguientes medios virtuales (plataformas)
propuestos por la docente Rosmery Coronado Rivas para el acompañamiento en el proceso de
aprendizaje como: Classroom, liveworksheets, Google forms, Zoom and google meet; en donde
quedará evidenciado el compromiso de trabajo en casa. En cuanto a los estudiantes sin acceso a
internet se llevarán el material impreso a sus hogares y cuando se recepcionen de vuelta los trabajos
una vez superada la emergencia sanitaria por el Coronavirus se valorará su compromiso, dedicación,
esfuerzo y pertinencia en cada una de las actividades planteadas en el área de inglés.
GUIDE: Week 1 from May 11th-15th
CONCEPTUALIZATION Y EXEMPLIFICATION.
READ AND UNDERSTAND!
VERBOS REGULARES Y VERBOS IRREGULARES
Reglas para añadir -ed a los verbos regulares en inglés:

Para formar en el pasado simple de los verbos regulares en inglés, tenemos que añadir
-ed al infinitivo sin to. Para ello tendremos en cuenta las siguientes reglas:
1. En general añadimos -ed a todos los verbos regulares.
wash → washed finish → finished talk → talked
2. A los verbos que acaban en -e, sólo añadimos una -d.
like → liked live → lived
3. A los verbos que acaban en consonante + -y, cambian la "y" por "i" y añaden -
ed (=-ied)
study → studied carry → carried try → tried
4. Los verbos que acaban en vocal + -y, añaden -ed.
play → played
❖ investiga los “Casos especiales” para duplicar la última consonante. (stopped-

occurred-cancelled)
Los verbos irregulares en pasado simple y participio
Los verbos irregulares en inglés son aquellos que, para formar el pasado simple o el pasado
participio (tiempos compuestos) no siguen ninguna norma, simplemente su palabra cambia
totalmente.
Un ejemplo muy claro es el propio verbo auxiliar "do", ya que en pasado simple pasa a ser "did" y
en pasado participio "done".
❖ Escriba al menos 10 verbos irregulares que conozca.

GUIDE: Week 2 from May 18th-22dn
CONCEPTUALIZATION Y EXEMPLIFICATION.
1. Complete the following chart with the missing information do not use any type of
help.
Presente Pasado simple Pasado participio Traducción

be ser o estar
beat golpear
become convertir
begin comenzar
bend doblar
bet apostar
bite morder
blow soplar
break romper
bring traer
broadcast retransmitir
build construir
burst reventar
buy comprar
catch agarrar, coger
choose escoger, elegir
come venir
cost costar
creep reptar,arrastrarse
cut cortar
deal repartir
dig cavar
do hacer
draw dibujar
drink beber
drive conducir
eat comer
fall caer
feed alimentar
feel sentir
fight luchar
find encontrar
flee escapar
fly volar
forbid prohibir
forget olvidar
forgive perdonar
freeze helar, congelar
get conseguir, obtener
give dar
go ir
grow crecer
hang colgar
have tener
hear oír
hide esconder
hit golpear, pegar
hold sostener
hurt herir, lastimar
keep guardar, conservar
kneel arrodillarse
know saber, conocer
lay poner, colocar, acostar (a alguien)
lead guiar
leave dejar
lend prestar
let permitir
lie tumbarse
light iluminar, encender
lose perder
make hacer
mean significar
meet encontrar, conocer
pay pagar
put poner
read leer
ride montar
ring sonar
rise surgir, levantarse
run correr
say decir
see ver
seek rastrear, buscar a fondo
sell vender
send enviar
set poner, colocar
sew coser
shake agitar
shine brillar
shoot disparar, lanzar
show mostrar
shrink encoger
shut cerrar
sing cantar
sink hundir
sit sentar
sleep dormir
slide deslizarse, resbalar
speak hablar
spend gastar, pasar (tiempo)
spit escupir
split partir, dividir (algo)
spread extender
spring saltar (de golpe)
stand permanecer parado
steal robar
stick pegar (algo)
sting picar, escocer
strike golpear, pegar
swear jurar
sweep barrer,deshollinar
swim nadar
swing balancearse
take llevar, coger
teach enseñar
tear romper, rasgar
tell decir
think pensar, creer
throw lanzar
understand entender
wake despertar
wear llevar puesto
weep llorar
win ganar
write escribir
How many verbs could you complete by yourself? _____________________
Go to the following link and complete the ones you do not know.
https://rinconingles.blogspot.com/2010/12/verbos-irregulares-en-pasado-simple.html
GUIDE: Week 3 from May 25th-29th
REINFORCING KNOWLEDGE.
❖ To foster the learning of the irregular verbs, create flashcards. You can make them,
print them or create them and study them online at https://quizlet.com/. If you did
the activity at https://quizlet.com/.share the links with your teacher
Example:
SHAKE
AGITAR/SACUDIR
SHOOK/SHAKEN
❖ Learn at least 5 verbs per day and write the date when you will finish learning the
list:
___________________________________________________________________.
GUIDE: Week 4 from June 1st- 5th

READINGS
❖ Let`s find out about your readings.
Time to do the oral defense, prepare your reading control and all the evidence you`ve got to
do the oral defense of the readings. Interview a classmate and ask for their reading.
GUIDE: Week 5 from June 08th-12th
Complete the story in the Past Simple.
Tim Wilkins (1) ___________________ any siblings. He usually (2)________________ alone when his
family (3) ________________ in London. He (4) ________________ to the park every afternoon after
school when the weather (5) _________________ fine. When it (6) __________________ his mum (7)
___________________ him to the library and Tim (8) _______________ a book and he (9)
_______________ .He (10) __________________ reading adventure books about pirates, explorers
or spacemen. He (11) _____________ (be) very imaginative.
When Tim (12) _______________ 8 years old, his father (13) ________________ his job. He (14)
________________ as a carpenter and he (15) ________________ to start a new life in a little village
called Stonebridge. So Tim’s parents (16) ________________ their house in London and they
(17)
________________ a beautiful house in Stonebridge. This house ( 18) __________________ new
and the windows and doors (19) ________________ broken. The roof (20) ________________ (have)
a hole. They (21) _________________ (repair) the house and (22) ________________ the walls. When
they (23) __________________ the house (24) __________________ fantastic!
Tim’s father (25) _________________ an idea. Their garden (26) _______________ very big and there
(27)
_________________ a lot of old trees. There (28) ______________ one tree especially tall and
thick. Tim’s father (29) ___________________ a tree house and he (30) _______________ the whole
spring building the tree house. When the summer (31) ___________________, Tim (32)
__________________ his new house finished. He (33) ________________ some boys to play there
and all the things he (34) ______________ in the books (35) _________________ true.
The tree house (36) ____________________ many years. Unluckily, a terrible storm (37)
____________________ it some years ago. But Tim Wilkins (38) ____________________it when he (39)
___________________ . He (40) ___________________ an architect and now he builds tree houses
all around the world!
(41)
______________________ (you / have) a tree house when you (42) _____________ a child?
GUIDE: Week 6 from June 15th-19 th
SPEAKING ACTIVITY!
Choose among the following movies and videos and
watch one:
1. Unorthodox (Netflix)
2. Kalifat (Netflix)
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azdUcyCkpYI
(any of them are worth seeing)
Prepare a point of view (120 words) about the video or movie having in mind the role of the
woman.
GUIDE: Week 7 from June 22nd-26 th

LEARNING EVIDENCE.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Complete the following chart with the missing information do not use any type of
help.
Presente Pasado simple Pasado participio Traducción

be ser o estar
beat golpear
become convertir
begin comenzar
bend doblar
bet apostar
bite morder
blow soplar
break romper
bring traer
broadcast retransmitir
build construir
burst reventar
buy comprar
catch agarrar, coger
choose escoger, elegir
come venir
cost costar
creep reptar,arrastrarse
cut cortar
deal repartir
dig cavar
do hacer
draw dibujar
drink beber
drive conducir
eat comer
fall caer
feed alimentar
feel sentir
fight luchar
find encontrar
flee escapar
fly volar
forbid prohibir
forget olvidar
forgive perdonar
freeze helar, congelar
get conseguir, obtener
give dar
go ir
grow crecer
hang colgar
have tener
hear oír
hide esconder
hit golpear, pegar
hold sostener
hurt herir, lastimar
keep guardar, conservar
kneel arrodillarse
know saber, conocer
lay poner, colocar, acostar (a alguien)
lead guiar
leave dejar
lend prestar
let permitir
lie tumbarse
light iluminar, encender
lose perder
make hacer
mean significar
meet encontrar, conocer
pay pagar
put poner
read leer
ride montar
ring sonar
rise surgir, levantarse
run correr
say decir
see ver
seek rastrear, buscar a fondo
sell vender
send enviar
set poner, colocar
sew coser
shake agitar
shine brillar
shoot disparar, lanzar
show mostrar
shrink encoger
shut cerrar
sing cantar
sink hundir
sit sentar
sleep dormir
slide deslizarse, resbalar
speak hablar
spend gastar, pasar (tiempo)
spit escupir
split partir, dividir (algo)
spread extender
spring saltar (de golpe)
stand permanecer parado
steal robar
stick pegar (algo)
sting picar, escocer
strike golpear, pegar
swear jurar
sweep barrer,deshollinar
swim nadar
swing balancearse
take llevar, coger
teach enseñar
tear romper, rasgar
tell decir
think pensar, creer
throw lanzar
understand entender
wake despertar
wear llevar puesto
weep llorar
win ganar
write escribir
How many verbs could you complete by yourself? ________________________________

What was your mark from 0-50? ______________________________________________
How many verbs to go? ______________________________________________________
Go to the following link and complete the ones you do not know.
https://rinconingles.blogspot.com/2010/12/verbos-irregulares-en-pasado-simple.html
GUIDE: Week 8 from June 29th-July 3rd

Let`s get prepare for the ICFES exam.
Read the instructions and solve the test: -Please answer it individually without using any
kind of help (Internet, family, friends, social
-You will have one hour to take the test
media, dictionary, etc.) as this test is important to
-Read each question carefully before answering measure your performance in the English class
them. and your English proficiency.
-Read each text at least twice. -Stay calm, while taking the test.
-Place yourself in a proper place to take the - Make comment on how did you feel taking the
exam. exam.
PRUEBA DE INGLÉS
PARTE 1
En las preguntas 1-5, marque la respuesta correcta A, B o C en su hoja de respuestas.
Ejemplo:
0.
A. in a library
PLEASE LEAVE B. in a disco.
BOOKS ON TABLE! C. in a cafeteria
Respuesta: 0. A B C
1.
CAUTION A. in a hote.l
FLOOR SLIPPERY B. in a church.
WHEN WET C. in a railway.
2.
No parking
A. in a bus stop.
Fire lane B. in a fire station.
C. in a Street.
3.
A. in a bath.
B. In a restroom.
MEN C. In a bathroom.
4.
WARNING A. in a river.
MUSSLES B. in a lake.
CLAMS C. in a sea
5.
A. in a butcher´s
B. in a pub.
COLD BEER HERE! C. in a baker´s
PARTE 2
¿Cuál palabra (A-H) concuerda con la descripción de cada frase de la izquierda (6-10)?
En las preguntas 6-10, marque la respuesta correcta A-H en su hoja de respuestas.
Ejemplo:
0. I visit this person when I am sick.
Respuesta: 0. A B C D E F G H
A. doctor.
6. This person gives traffic tickets.

B.janitor.
7. This person lives near your house.

C.dentist
8. This person prepares medicines. D. chemistry
9. I visit this person if I have toothache. E. bus driver.
10. This person is employed to clean the public áreas,

remove garbage, and do minor repairs F. pharmacist.
G. police
officer.
H. neighbor
PARTE 3
Ejemplo:
A. Tuesday.
0.
B. Half past eigth
What day is it?
C. 1995
Respuesta: 0. A B C
11. So, you like music, is that right?
A. Really?
B. Yes, I would like to do some painting.
C. Well, I am more interested in art.
12. Would you like some rice?
A. Sorry, there isn´t, but there is some pasta.

B. No, thanks. Can I have some bread instead.
C. Great, I´ll have it.
13. You´d better have a good reason for being late!
A. I do.
B. Don´t you?
C. So I do.
14. What time did Silvia leave for Glasgow?.
A. At half past seven this mornig.

B. It is half past seven.
C. Are you sure?
15. Why did you buy such an expensive dress?
A. because it is red.
B. because I love it.
C. How much was it?
PARTE 4
-
Sixteen - What now?

You (0)__________16 and finally you (16)__________ leave school! By now, you’re
probably sick of teachers, desks, tests and exams. But (17)_________just run for the
exit. You need to think carefully about what to do next.
If you want a professional career, you (18)_________ need to go to university and get a
degree. To do that, you need to stay at high school for (19)___________ two years. But
you needn’t stay at the same place. There (20)________ several options in the district of
Northacre.
St. Leopold’s School has the best pass rate of all the high schools in the district. It
21)_______ a wide range of subjects in the humanities and sciences. St Leopold’s is, of
course, a private school, so may be too expensive for you. But don’t worry, there are
several other options if you want to follow the academic route. Knowle Grammar School
is a state school, so there are no fees, and it has excellent tuition and facilities. It is a
boys’ school from the ages of 11-16, but from 16-18 it is co-educational. But it is
selective, so you’ll have to pass an exam to get in. If you’re interested (22)_______
going into Business, check out Wyle River Academy. This school specialises in subjects
(23)______________ Business Studies, Management and Economics. If you prefer the
arts, look at the courses on offer at Northacre College. Here you can study woodwork,
art, textiles and much more.
Northacre College also offers a wide range of vocational qualifications. You can do a 1-
year certificate or a 2-year diploma in subjects like electrics, plumbing, roofing and
hairdressing. If you’d prefer to work outdoors, look at Milldown College, where there
are courses in Farm Mechanics, Land Management, Animal Management and much
more.
A final option is to get an apprenticeship with a local or national company. You will get
on-the-job training, gain certificates or diplomas and start earning straight away. But be
warned - places are limited! Find out more at the Jobs Fair on 26th May at Northacre
College.
Ejemplo:
0. A. are B.is C. were
0. A B C
Respuesta:
16. A. could B. can C. would

17. A. didn´t B. haven´t C. don´t
18. A. will B. would C.don´t
19. A. other B. another C. others
20. A. are B.is C. be
21. A. offer B. offeres C. offers
22. A. in B. on C. to
23. A. as B. how C. like
PARTE 5
George Washington
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland

County, Virginia, although he grew up near Freder
icksburg. In his childhood
and adolescence, he studied math and surveying. When he was 16, he went
to live with his brother Lawrence in Mount Vernon.
George was scarred with Smallpox before the age of 20, but inherited his
brother's land (including Mt. Vernon) when Lawrence died in 1752.
Washington's military career began in 1753, when he was sent into Ohio
country. In 1754, he battled the French and was forced to surrender Fort
Necessity (near present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). He continued as an
officer in Ohio country, and served under the British general Edward
Braddock when their army was ambushed by the French in 1755. Once again,
Washington tasted defeat after their surrender of Fort Duquesne to French
forces. Washington helped take Fort Duquesne back in 1758.
Washington was married to Martha Custis in 1759.Washington managed the

family and estate until he took command of the Virginia troops just before
the American Revolution. He was made commander of the Continental Army
on June 15, 1775.
Washington proved himself an excellent leader, and won several decisive

battles during the Revolution.As an advocate of a federal government,
Washington became chairman of the Constitutional Convention and helped
in getting the Constitution ratified.In 1789, he was inaugurated as America's
first president.
Washington was re-elected in 1792, but refused a third term.On December

14, 1799, seventeen days before the new century, Washington died of acute
laryngitis.
24. When was George Washington 28. Which of the following was George
born?: Washington not involved in?
A. After February 24th A. Surrender of Fort Duquense.
B. Before February 23rd
B. Revolutionary War.
C. Before February 20th.
C. Boston Tea Party
25. George Washington couldn't be
scarred with smallpox at which age?
29. What happened last?
A. 21.
A. The new century.
B. 19.
B. 1794.
C. 18.
C. Washington refused a third term.
26. What happened first?
A. George Washington inherited his 30. Which of the following is not true?
brother's land..
A. Washington died before the new
B. Washington's military career began.
century.
C. He went to live with Lawrence.
B. Washington died after the new
27. What does advocate mean?
century.
A. Opponent. C. Washington won several decisive
B. Supporter. battles during the American
C. Creator. Revolution.
PARTE 6
En las preguntas 31-35, marque la respuesta correcta A, B ,C o D en su hoja de
respuestas.
THE RIO GRANDE

Although not the longest river in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most important.
But, unlike other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. In fact, oceangoing ships
cannot navigate the waters. No, what makes the Rio Grande so important is its location.
Since 1846, it has been the official border of Texas and Mexico.
Rio Grande Geography
The Rio Grande is either the fourth or fifth longest river system in North America. It all
depends on how it is measured. Because the river twists so much, it occasionally
changes course. And these course shifts can cause it to be longer or shorter. At its last
official measure, the Rio Grande clocked in at 1,896 miles. The river starts in Colorado
and extends downward to the Gulf of Mexico.
Downward is the best way of describing it too. Not only does the river extend south, but
it also starts in the mountains and gets lower and lower in elevation as it extends to the
Gulf. Its name is Spanish for the “Big River,” but the Rio Grande is actually known as
Rio Bravo in Mexico. “Bravo” translates as “furious,” so the name makes sense.
Because of its twists and turns, it certainly does seem to be angrier than most rivers!
The Rio Grande today is mostly used as a source of drinking water. Sadly, much of the
water has been drained from the river. Parts of the river are almost dry! This is because
people use more water from the river than the river can get back from rain and other
sources. Experts are working to correct this, though, with hopes of restoring the river to
its past strength.Today, the river is important as a source of water for Texans and
Mexicans. More important, it is a symbol of cooperation between two nations. Though
borders like the Rio Grande separate nations, they are also shared spaces. The Rio
Grande is therefore a symbol of friendship and peace between two peoples.
31) According to the passage, why is the Rio Grande so important?

A. It is a source of drinking water for most of the United States.
B. It is the border of Texas and Mexico.
C. It is the longest river system in the United States.
D. It is known by two different names.
32) In paragraph 3, the author most likely writes that “downward is the best way of
describing it too” to
A. prove that the Rio Grande’s water levels have gone down recently
B. argue that the Rio Grande has changed shape over the years
C. highlight the fact that the Rio Grande flows south and from high elevations
D. explain why the Rio Grande is known as the Rio Bravo down in Mexico
33) Based on its use in paragraph 4, the word furious most nearly means
A. angry
B. large
C. twisted
D. dry
34) According to the passage, the Rio Grande has endpoints in

A. Texas and the Gulf of Mexico
B. New Mexico and Colorado
C. Texas and Mexico
D. Colorado and the Gulf of Mexico
35.Which is the best advertisement for this River?

A. B.
THE RIO GRANDE THE RIO GRANDE
The most important river in Although it is not the most
America, because it is not important river in America,
used for shipping. what makes it significant is
its location.
C. D.
THE RIO GRANDE THE RIO GRANDE

It has been always considered As it is considered the official
the official border of Texas border of Texas and Mexico,
and Mexico. Rio Grande of the most
Rio Grande of the most important rivers in America.
important rivers in America.
PARTE 7
En las preguntas 36-45, marque la respuesta correcta A, B ,C o D en su hoja de
respuestas.
POLAR BEARS
(0)__________ people have only seen polar bears in a zoo. Polar bears (36)_______
in the north, around the area of the Arctic Ocean. They live near the shoreline of the
Arctic Ocean; polar bears are (37)_________ in Greenland, Norway, Alaska northern
Russia and northern Canada. They live (38)__________ the sea ice around the edges
of the Arctic Ocean where the water is not too deep and where many seals and other
marine animals live. Polar bears are very large animals. Adult males can weight up to
700 kg. Polar bears have two layers of fur and a thick layer of fat to help keep their
body warm.
Their favorite food is seal but they will sometimes eat beluga whales, narwhals or
walruses. They catch seals by (39)____________ on the ice and (40)__________ for
the seals to come to the surface to breathe. Polar bears have a very good sense of smell
so they know where on the ice to stand and wait. Polar bears (41)______ eat fish
because most fish in the Arctic Ocean live in deeper water and the polar bears can’t
reach them. Polar bears can swim. They can (42)_______ dive but no one knows how
deep they can dive.
In many areas of the Arctic they are able to hunt on the ice year round. In places
where the ice (43)_____ in the summer, the bears live on land. One of the places
where bears come ashore every summer is near the town of Churchill in northern
Manitoba. Churchill is on Hudson Bay. The ice on Hudson Bay melts in July or early
August and (44)____refreeze until November. The bears come ashore near Churchill
for those summer months. This is one of the best places to visit in Canada if you want
to see polar bears (45)_______ aren’t in a zoo.
Ejemplo:
0. A. most B. most of the C. much D. all
Respuesta:
0. A B C D
36. A. lived B. living C. lives D. will live
37. A. found B. finding C. lived D. living
38. A. in B. under C. over D. on
39. A. stand B. standing C. getting up D. get up
40. A. waiting B. hope C. wait D. hoping
41. A. don´t B. doesn´t C. didn´t D. aren´t
42. A. too B. also C. either D. neither
43. A. melt B. freeze C. melts D. freezes
44. A. don´t B. doesn´t C. didn´t D. aren´t
45. A. what B. where C. that D. materials
GUIDE: Week 9 from July 6th-10th
READINGS
❖ Let`s find out about your readings.
Time to do the oral defense, prepare your reading control and all the evidence you`ve got to
do the oral defense of the readings. Interview a classmate and ask for their reading.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
READINGS 1 (Week 4 from June 1st- 5th )
READINGS 2 (Week 9 from June 29th-July 3rd )
A Fantastic Mind
H
ayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941. As a boy, he liked to
read and draw cartoons. After graduating from university in 1963, Miyazaki joined
the Toei Animation Company. At Toei, he worked on many animated movies, like the
famous Puss in Boots. In 1984, he made Nausicaa of the
5 Valley of Wind, which was based on a comic book he wrote. Because this movie was so
successful, Miyazaki was able to start his own animation company, Studio Ghibli.
One of Miyazaki’s most loved movies is My Neighbor Totoro, made in 1987. It is a
children’s movie, but many adults like it, too. The movie is about two sisters who
10 become friends with an enormous, supernatural animal named Totoro. It is a very warm-
hearted story, with many fantastic characters such as Cat Bus, a cat that is also a bus.
Miyazaki’s 2001 movie, Spirited Away, was even more popular than Totoro. In fact, it
made more money than any other movie in
Japanese history.
15 All of Miyazaki’s movies contain strange but charming
people and creatures. Many of his stories happen in worlds
that are different from ours. However, they still show his ideas
about real life. He often points out how humans hurt the natural
world. He thinks people should change how they live.
20 Miyazaki’s movies combine fantasy and reality in an original
way. This may be why so many people like his movies.
Reading Time minutes seconds 239 words
2 cartoon: a drawing that tells a story 11 fantastic: strange and interesting

4 animate: to make or design in such a way as 16 creature: a living thing
to create lifelike movement 20 combine: to put together
96
Reading Comprehension
Seeing Red
B
right colors stir up active feelings. For example, the color red can cause people to
feel excited. In fact, red can even make a person feel hungrier.
Yellow can increase energy. Therefore, a room with strong red and yellow
colors, would be a good place to eat a lot of food quickly. On the other hand, darker
5 colors, like blue and green, are peaceful. The color blue can help people calm down. So, a
blue room can be a good place to study, since people can concentrate more easily.
However, it is easier to nod off in a blue room than in a red one.
The colors of clothes can also affect feelings. Black and deep-blue clothes can
produce a sense of strength and seriousness. Therefore, a person in a black suit can
10 seem like a leader more easily than one wearing white. If a person is wearing a dark suit
and a red tie, he or she may seem both powerful and energetic. Perhaps this is why many
politicians and businesspeople wear dark suits with red ties. Brown and green clothes
can produce a sense of confidence, which means it may seem easier to trust a person
wearing such colors. Therefore, many people choose to wear green
15 or brown clothes for meetings or interviews.
Choice of color, for rooms as well as clothes, is not simply about appearance.
1 active: energetic; busy 11 energetic: full of energy

3 energy: power; strength 12 politician: a person working as a leader in the
8 deep-blue: dark blue, almost black government
15 interview: a meeting where people try to get a
9 seriousness: a mood of formality and
importance job
102 9
Worth Collecting
W
ould you be worried if your classmate told you that he was a philatelist?
Would you call a doctor or call the police? Actually, there is no reason to
be concerned. A philatelist is just a person who collects stamps!
Stamp collecting has been around for well over 150 years. People began collecting
5 stamps soon after adhesive postage stamps (stamps with glue on the back) were
introduced in London in 1840. Today, according to Boys’ Life magazine, stamp
collecting is the most practiced hobby in the world.
Some people collect stamps just for fun. These people may just want to collect
stamps with animals or famous people on them. Or maybe they want to collect all
10 the stamps issued by one particular country. Other people collect stamps that they think
will be valuable down the road. Such collectors ask three questions to determine if a stamp
is worth collecting and what its value might be.
First, how many of a particular
stamp were made? Next, how popular is
15 the stamp? Finally, what is the condition of
the stamp? If a stamp has a low print run,
a popular picture or design, and is in
excellent condition, this stamp may be
worth a lot of money. In 1980, a one-cent
20 British Guinea stamp issued in 1856 went for
$935,000!
5 adhesive: sticky; coated with glue 10 issue: to produce for use

5 postage: related to the post or post office 16 print run: the number made
6 introduce: to bring into use 19 worth: equal in value to
108
Can’t Beat Them? Join Them!
M
ovie studios and recording companies are in a constant fight against piracy.
The Internet is the worst culprit. People often upload or watch pirated
material, especially on video-sharing sites. The companies try to
shut down these sites. They even sue the people using this material. Still, it has been
5 of little use thus far. There are just too many people and websites with pirated materials.
As well, these methods are making the studios and companies unpopular with the
public. People are starting to see these companies as greedy. However, a new kind of
software may change the nature of this fight.
Amazingly, it is advertising software that is making a difference. This new
10 software can actually analyze videos on the Internet. When it finds a pirated video clip, it
doesn’t report it. Instead, it just puts an ad at the bottom of the video. This is an ad
for the original source of the
material. For example, it could show a
link to the website of the studio or
15 recording company. Or, it could show an
ad for a product that the company
owns. In this way, each pirated copy
would actually help make money for
the original company. If you can’t beat
20 them, join them!
1 constant: continuous 8 software: computer programs

2 piracy: the unauthorized use or reproduction 12 source: the maker or creator of something
of copyrighted material 14 link: the connection to another website
4 sue: to take to court to get money from
16 product: something made for sale
114
Reading Comprehension
Rich Dogs
W
hen wealthy people pass away, they usually leave instructions for what to
do with the money or property that they leave behind. Often, the money
and property go to their heirs. However, in some cases, rich pet
owners leave their wealth to their pets after they die.
5 For example, there is a poodle named Toby. When this poodle’s owner passed
away, she left Toby 15 million pounds (about $25 million). Then there is Flossie, a
yellow Lab mutt, who is not only rich, but is also famous. In 2001, Flossie made the
headlines after she rescued her owner, the actress Drew Barrymore and Drew’s
husband, from a house fire. To thank Flossie, Drew gave her house to Flossie. Of
10 course, Drew repaired the fire damage first. Now, Flossie is the owner of a beautiful
$3 million home.
It may seem strange for a dog to own such an expensive home,
but Flossie is not the only dog like that. Gunther IV, a German
Shepherd, bought his home from Madonna and
15 paid over $7 million for the house. However, this was no big
deal for him because Gunther IV has about $200 million!
This makes him the richest dog in the world. He inherited
the money from his father, who was the heir to the
fortune of a German countess.
2 property: something that a person owns 7 mutt: a mixed breed of animal

5 poodle: a breed of dog with very curly hair 14 German Shepherd: a breed of dog that is often
6 pound: money in England; £ employed in police or military roles
7 yellow Lab: a breed of dog with yellow fur
120
In the Name of Beauty
C
osmetics have been used throughout history. The ancient Greeks, the Egyptians, and
the Romans all used various kinds of makeup. Some of these cosmetics were used to
improve one’s appearance. Others were used to protect one’s skin. However,
in some cases, things used for makeup were dangerous or even deadly!
5 Skin care treatments including perfumes, lotions, and cosmetic masks were used in
ancient Egypt by rich and poor alike. Egyptians also developed some of the earliest
sunscreens. They used oils and creams for protection against the sun and dry winds.
Egyptians, as well as other ancient cultures, used various powders on their skin for beauty
as well. Egyptians used black kohl around their eyes. Romans put white chalk
10 on their faces. And Indians painted red henna on their bodies.
Most of the ancient cosmetics were harmless. However, in the name of beauty, some
people applied dangerous chemicals and poisons to their skin. During the Italian
Renaissance, women wore white powder made of lead on their faces. Of course, doctors
today know lead is like a poison for our bodies. Also around the time of the Renaissance,
15 women in Italy put drops of belladonna in their eyes. These belladonna drops were made from
a plant whose poison affects the nerves in the body. By putting belladonna drops in her eyes,
a woman’s pupils would become very large. People thought this
made women more beautiful. Actually, this is where the plant’s name
comes from. In Italian, belladonna means “beautiful woman.”
20 When Elizabeth I was queen in the late 1500s, some rather
dangerous cosmetics were also being used by women in England.
In particular, women were using special hair dye made with lead
and sulphur. The dye was designed to give people red hair, the
same color as the queen’s hair, but over time, the dye
25 made people’s hair fall out. Finally, women using this dye ended
up bald, like the queen, and had to wear wigs.
2 cosmetics: makeup 13 lead: a soft metal (Pb)

9 kohl: a powder made of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) 15 belladonna: a poisonous plant with black berries
used around the eyes 16 nerve: the part of the body that passes
9 chalk: a soft white limestone composed mostly information to the brain
of the shells of small marine organisms 17 pupil: the hole in the middle of the eye that
10 henna: a red or orange dye made from the can become smaller or larger
henna plant 22 dye: a liquid for coloring
13 Renaissance: the 1300s through 1500s in 26 wig: an artificial covering for the head that
Europe, when great artistic and scientific looks like hair
achievements were made
7
Who Took That Tooth?
D
ifferent cultures follow their own special customs when a child’s baby teeth fall
out. In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the
roof of a house. According to tradition, a magpie will come and take the tooth.
Later, the magpie will return with a new tooth for the child. In other Asian countries,
5 such as Japan and Vietnam, children follow a similar tradition of throwing lost teeth onto the
roofs of houses.
Birds aren’t the only animals thought to take lost teeth. In Mexico and Spain,
tradition says a mouse takes a lost tooth and leaves some money. However, in Mongolia,
instead of mice, dogs are responsible for taking teeth away. Dogs are highly respected
10 in Mongolian culture and are considered guardian angels of the people. Tradition says that
the new tooth will grow in good and strong if the baby tooth is fed to a guardian angel.
Accordingly, parents in Mongolia will put their child’s lost tooth in the fat of a piece of
meat and feed it to a dog.
The idea of giving lost teeth to an angel or fairy is also a tradition in the West. Many
15 children in Western countries count on the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange
for a tooth. The exact origins of the Tooth Fairy are a mystery, although the story probably
began in England or Ireland centuries ago.
According to tradition, a child puts a lost tooth under his or her
pillow before going to bed. In the wee hours, while the
20 child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth and leaves
something else under the pillow. In France, the Tooth Fairy

leaves a small gift or candy. In the United States, however, the
Tooth Fairy usually leaves money. These days, the rate is $1 to
$5 per tooth. That can add up to a lot of money from the Tooth
25 Fairy!
3 roof: the top or covering over a house 15 Western: related to Europe and North America
3 magpie: a black and white bird 15 present: a gift
10 guardian angel: a spirit protecting a person 16 exchange: trade
12 fat: the part of meat with a lot of oil 17 century: a hundred years
14 fairy: a tiny mythical creature with magical 19 pillow: a soft thing to support one’s h
powers
12
The Ring of Fire
T
he Ring of Fire is an enormous chain of volcanoes all around the Pacific Ocean. The
ring goes from New Zealand up to Asia and across the ocean to Alaska. From Alaska, the
ring continues southward along the coast of both North and South America. More than
seventy-five percent of the world’s volcanoes are located in this
5 ring.
Scientists are interested in studying the Ring of Fire because they can observe plate
tectonics at work there. In 1912, a German scientist, Alfred Wegener, came up with the first
theory of land movement. Wegener said continents are made up of lighter rocks resting
on heavier material. Similar to the way large things move while floating
10 on water, Wegener suggested that the positions of the continents were not fixed, but that
they moved slightly. Later, scientists discovered most of Wegener’s ideas were right on the
mark. They then developed the theory called plate tectonics.
According to plate tectonics, the surface of the Earth consists of a number of
enormous plates or sections of rock, each about eighty kilometers thick. The plates
15 float and slowly move at speeds between one to ten centimeters every year. That is about
the rate your fingernails grow! Within the Ring of Fire, new material for the Earth’s plates
is constantly being created as hot liquid rock called magma flows from the center of the
Earth up to the ocean floor. All the existing plates on the Earth’s surface have to move
slightly to make room for the new material.
20 As plates move both away from and toward
each other, they run into each other. When they hit
each other, one plate might move under another.
This process is called subduction. Subduction
frequently causes earthquakes. It may also result
25 in the bottom plate melting due to the extreme
temperatures under the top plate. The magma

created in this process can rise to the Earth’s
surface and come out through volcanoes, as can
be seen along the Ring of Fire.
1 ring: a circle 11 slightly: a little; to a small degree or extent

1 chain: a connected series of things 14 section: a part that is cut off or separated
3 southward: in the direction of south 15 float: to stay on the surface of a liquid
8 continent: a large area of land including many 16 rate: the speed
countries, like Asia, Europe, Africa, etc. 17 flow: to move like liquid
9 material: what something is made of 25 melt: to become liquid
18
Myths About Pimples
A
lmost everybody has had acne. Acne, also known as pimples or zits, is a normal part
of growing up. When kids reach puberty, their bodies experience many changes. As the
levels of hormones in teenagers’ bodies change, teenagers frequently develop pimples.
Additionally, many people continue to have pimples after
5 puberty. What can a teenager or an adult do to cure pimples? Unfortunately, many cures
people think will work on pimples are really just myths.

Many people believe that popping pimples is the best way to get rid of them.
Popping a pimple will actually push the germs further under the skin, which can cause
more redness and pain, or even turn into an infection. For that reason, doctors who
10 specialize in skin problems normally encourage people not to pop their pimples.
Also, do you think that washing your face frequently will help get rid of pimples? Of
course, washing your face is a good idea, but washing your face too much could irritate the
skin more, making the pimples even worse.
Another widely believed myth is that not wearing makeup can
15 help reduce a person’s chance of developing pimples. In fact, some kinds
of makeup or face creams actually have special medicine in them to

fight pimples. As a result, not all of them are bad for you.
Along with makeup, people claim that eating fatty foods or
chocolate can cause acne. The truth is that eating a candy bar or a
20 piece of pizza will not cause pimples. Even so, both teenagers and adults
should still try to eat foods that are good for their bodies and their skin.
Another myth is that stress can cause acne. Stress comes in
many forms, like a big exam at school or problems with friends. While
25 it is true that stress can cause a person’s skin to create extra oil, this extra
oil does not necessarily cause more pimples.
1 acne: a medical term for pimples 5 cure: to fix or solve a health problem
1 pimple: a red spot of infection on the skin 7 pop: to break; to burst
1 zit: a slang word for a pimple 8 germ: a very small organism that causes
2 puberty: the teenage years when the body diseases
changes 18 fatty food: a food with a lot of fat in it
3 hormone: a chemical produced in the body
24
I Cut the Cheese!
T
o toot, to cut the cheese, or to fart are all funny ways to talk about something that
everyone does: passing gas! A normal person passes about half a liter of gas a day,
which equals about 14 farts per day. Lots of people are embarrassed by passing
gas, but there is no need to feel this way. The first step is to admit that everyone does it.
5 After you face up to this fact, then you can really enjoy learning some interesting facts about
your gas.
There are several sources of gas. Gas in our intestines has to do with both the air we
swallow and the gas molecules in our blood. In addition, gas is also produced from
chemical reactions and bacteria living in our intestines. Nervous people usually have
10 more gas for two reasons. They swallow more air when they get nervous, and food usually
goes through their digestive systems faster, which means that the oxygen in the food
cannot be absorbed quickly enough. Therefore, the oxygen naturally found in the food
goes into the intestines and becomes gas.
Another interesting fact is that a person’s diet affects the stinkiness of his or her
15 gas. Foods with a lot of sulfur in them--such as eggs, meat, and cauliflower--cause stinkier
gas. On the other hand, beans cause a lot of gas, but this gas isn’t usually stinky because
beans aren’t high in sulfur. However, they do contain a lot of sugars that bacteria in the
intestines love. The bacteria eat the sugars and produce gas.
Finally, people wonder, “Where does gas go
20 when you hold it in? Is this held gas harmful?” Well, this
gas will not poison you, but you may get a bad
stomachache from the pressure. The gas that you hold
in is neither released nor absorbed. It moves back up
into the intestines and sooner or later comes
25 out. It is not lost, just delayed.
Now that you know some facts about gas, be

proud of yourself and say, “Yes, I cut the cheese!”
7 intestine: the tube-like organ connecting the 9 bacteria: tiny living organisms
stomach and anus 11 digestive system: the stomach and intestines
8 swallow: to pass from the mouth to the stomach together
8 blood: the liquid in the body that carries 11 oxygen: air; O2
nutrients and oxygen 14 stinkiness: the level of a bad smell
9 chemical reaction: a change in chemical 15 sulfur: a chemical; S
properties
30 2
Mr. Nintendo
S
atoru Iwata is not a household name, but he should be. Most people, however,
would recognize his brain children, the Nintendo DS and the Wii. These two game systems
completely changed the world of gaming. It’s hard to imagine gaming without them, but
amazingly, the DS and Wii almost didn’t happen! It is only thanks to
5 the innovative ideas of Iwata that we have these systems today.
Satoru Iwata was made the CEO of Nintendo in 2002. At that time, the video game
market was suffering, and Nintendo was having trouble with its sales. Iwata thought that a
change in strategy was due. Previously, the strategy in the game industry was to keep
making the same kinds of games and consoles but just improve their power
10 and complexity. However, Iwata didn’t just want to attract dedicated gamers. He wanted to
bring in new kinds of players to video gaming. How was he going to do that? He decided to
change the very concept of video games.
Iwata wanted to make video games easier to pick up and more relevant to people’s
lives. Out of this idea came the Nintendo DS. People interacted more directly
15 with the game by using a touch screen instead of just a set
of buttons. Iwata took this idea to the extreme with the

motion-based Wii. Now, just by using natural body
movements, players can enjoy playing all sorts of games.
20 The kinds of games produced changed as well.
Along with the regular role-playing game (RPG), action,
and sport games, new kinds of “games” were designed.
Some of these new games, like Brain Age, improved
thinking abilities. Others, like Wii Fit, improved fitness.
25 This has brought in a new age of gaming. Everyone from
grandparents to their grandchildren seems to be playing

Nintendo products.
With all that we have seen so far, we can only
wonder what is next for Iwata. Surely it will be something
30
groundbreaking!
5 innovative: new and creative 9 console: a game system

8 strategy: a plan 17 motion: movement
8 previously: before 24 fitness: good physical condition
8 industry: business 30 groundbreaking: very new and original
36 3
Are Sports Bad for Kids?
P
eople think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children stay healthy
while playing with others. However, playing sports can have negative effects on
children. It may produce feelings of poor self-esteem or aggressive behavior in
some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40 million kids play sports in
5 the US. Of these, 18 million say they have been yelled at or called names while playing
sports. This leaves many children with a bad impression of sports. They think sports are
just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main
cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children copy aggressive
10 adult behavior. This behavior is then further reinforced through both positive and negative
feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to
them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that
winning is everything. At children’s sporting events, parents may yell insults at other players
or cheer when their child behaves aggressively. As well, children may
15 be taught that hurting other players is acceptable, or they may be pushed to continue playing
even when they are injured. In addition, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children
watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.
As a society, we really need to face up to this
20 problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches
should act as better examples for children. They also need

to teach children better values. They should teach
children to enjoy themselves whether they win
or not. It is not necessary to knock yourself out to
25 enjoy sports. Winning is not everything. In addition,
children should not be allowed to continue to play

when they are injured. Sending a child with an injury
into a game gives the child the message that health is
not as important as winning. If we make some
30 basic changes, children might learn to enjoy sports
again.
3 self-esteem: an opinion about oneself 10 positive: good

5 yell at: to speak to loudly and in anger 11 feedback: the response to someone’s work
6 impression: the idea about someone or 14 cheer: to shout with excitement or praise
something 16 media: television, newspapers, magazines, etc.
8 coach: a person teaching or leading athletes
16 violence: an action that hurts others
42 4
May I Have Your Autograph?
I
s there a famous person whom you really admire? Wouldn’t you love to have his or her
autograph? You would never throw that person’s autograph away because of your
admiration for him or her. However, some people collect autographs even from people
they don’t admire. They just want autographs from any famous person. Rather
5 than collecting these autographs to keep, they collect the autographs to sell.
These days there are more than 20,000 people who collect autographs for the value the
autographs might have in the future. Since these people are willing to pay a lot of money for
an autograph, autograph hounds now hang around sports centers, concert arenas, and chic
restaurants trying to get autographs they can sell. They can sometimes
10 make as much as $1,500 for one autograph. In fact, one very successful autograph hound earns
about $100,000 a year. There are also companies that buy and sell autographs. One company,
Profiles in History, says it has the largest collection of entertainers’ autographs in the world,
and earns more than $12 million a year! Some autographs from this company may cost under
$100, but others can cost several thousand dollars.
15 The price of an autograph depends on how rare the autograph is. For example,
famous people like Angelina Jolie and George Clooney sign a lot of autographs. Therefore,
their autographs are not rare and are not worth very much money. On the other hand,
Madonna and Nicole Kidman rarely sign anything. This makes their autographs rarer and more
valuable. Queen Elizabeth II almost never signs autographs, therefore,
20 something with her signature on it might
sell for around $3,500. It doesn’t matter if

the person is dead. Elvis Presley and
Napoleon signed many things. Their
signatures are only worth $1,500. However,
25 signed letters from Marilyn Monroe are very
rare. They can cost $50,000 each. The

highest price ever paid for an autograph
was $750,000 for a letter written and
signed by Abraham Lincoln.
2 autograph: the signature of a famous person 12 profile: an essay of famous people’s

9 arena: a place to watch sports achievements
9 chic: fashionable
20 signature: a person’s name as it appears when
officially written by his or her own hand
48 4
Where Are Our Jetpacks?
I
n the 1920s, the science fiction hero Buck Rogers flew across the pages of comic books
using a jetpack. It was a vision of the future that has yet to actually be created. Now that we
are living in the 21st century, people still aren’t using jetpacks to get around. Lots of inventors
have tried to build working jetpacks over the years, but none of
5 them have ever worked as well as the one Buck Rogers wore in the comic books.
One jetpack that was recently demonstrated at the annual Experimental Aircraft
Association’s Convention was the Martin jetpack. This jetpack was built by an inventor from
New Zealand named Glenn Martin. Martin’s 120 kilogram jetpack holds about twenty
liters of gasoline and can fly for about thirty minutes. Two large fans pointing
10 toward the sky create a jet of air that the jetpack operator flies on. The Martin jetpack may
be too loud and too heavy for the taste of some people. However, it really works, and it is
on the market today.
Another jetpack that was demonstrated recently is Raymond Li’s Jetlev-Flyer. This is
a jetpack that propels a person into the air by shooting out a jet of water rather
15 than a jet of air. The Jetlev-Flyer is smaller and lighter than the Martin jetpack. This is due to
the fact that the engine and water pump for the jetpack is on a boat that is pulled along
behind the operator. A ten meter hose connects the engine and the pump to the Jetlev-
Flyer. In a test of his jetpack, Li flew
almost ten meters high and could travel
20 forward at a speed of 35 kph.
Neither the Martin jetpack nor the

Jetlev-Flyer are going to be big sellers.
They are just too expensive for the
average person. Both cost over
25 $100,000 each.
1 hero: a person who helps or saves others 10 operator: a person controlling a machine
2 vision: an image; a mental picture 14 jet: a small stream of liquid or gas that shoots
6 experimental: not yet proven to work out with great force
6 aircraft: a machine that can fly
16 pump: a machine used for pushing liquids or
gases
7 convention: a meeting of people with a similar
interest for discussion and action
17 hose: a long tube that liquids or gases can
flow through
9 gasoline: the fuel burned in cars, motorcycles,
small boats, etc.
54 5
Desert Delivery
T
hese days it is easy for most of us to get a hold of the latest books or magazines.
We can go to bookstores, order them through the Internet, or borrow them from
the local library. Now imagine having to walk miles and miles through a hot
sandy desert just to borrow a book. This is the reality for people living in the villages
5 of the Garissa region of Kenya in East Africa.
In 1996, librarian Wycliffe Oluoch used to spend each day waiting for people to
come to borrow some of the 24,000 books in his library in Garissa. The library had no
shortage of books, but people weren’t coming to read them. It was too much effort to
walk through the desert just to borrow books. Oluoch racked his brain for ways to
10 entice people into the library. After a lot of thought, he hit upon a great idea. If people
wouldn’t come to the library, then he would have to take the library to them. Oluoch
strapped boxes of books onto the backs of camels, and created the Mobile Camel Library.
Starting with three camels in 1996, but more recently expanding the service to
15 six camels, the Mobile Camel Library serves over one million people. Twice a month, the
camel library can be seen carrying books all around the Garissa region. These hard-working
animals need little water and can carry up to 500 pounds of books across the sands. A
librarian, a library assistant, a
herdsman, and a lookout all travel with the
20 camels. The lookout helps protect the books from
thieves.
The children of Garissa love the camel
library and appreciate Oluoch’s effort. Eleven-
year-old Mohamud Mohamed reads his library
25 books carefully and always returns them on time.
He knows the Garissa library punishes people

for losing books, just like any other library.
However, the punishment is very stiff compared
to that of other libraries. If a village
30
loses a book, the camel library stops visiting.
4 village: a very small town 19 herdsman: a shepherd; a person who takes

6 librarian: a person who works in a library care of a herd of animals
12 strap: to tie down; to attach in place by rope
19 lookout: a guard
12 mobile: capable of moving or being moved
26 punish: to make one suffer for some error
easily 28 stiff: very strong or rigid
18 assistant: a helper
60
ension
Transcripts 61
Shakespeare, Where Are You Now?
W
illiam Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote many plays and poems which are known
the world over. But perhaps you think the works of an Elizabethan playwright
are not important today. Well, think again. Shakespeare’s works
have survived the years and then some! For example, Romeo and Juliet has not only been
5 performed again and again in theaters around the world, but it has also been made into a
very popular movie, twice!

During the late 1500s, however, Shakespeare’s plays were often performed at the Globe
Theatre in London. The Globe was a large open-air theater that used only natural lighting.
Shows at the Globe used very few props, but performances were always interesting
10 and exciting because the audience yelled at, cheered, and talked with the performers. The
Globe was a great success. However, in 1613, during a performance of Shakespeare’s Henry
VIII, a cannon was fired on stage, setting off a fire. The fire completely destroyed the
theater. The Globe was fixed a year later, but it did not stay open long. The theater was
closed by the Puritans, who did not approve of entertainment. The Globe never
15 opened again, and the building was finally torn down in 1644.
Theater lovers in England never forgot the Globe, and in 1970, a decision was made to
rebuild it as close to the original design as possible. Imagine how people felt when, in 1989,
those working on the new Globe came across some of the original building only about 100
meters from the new theater. They
20 were building the new theater almost in the original
Globe’s location! The new Globe opened in 1999

and has since won many awards as one of the
best tourist attractions in Europe. Since the new
theater opened, hundreds of thousands
25 of people have attended Shakespearean
performances such as A Midsummer Night’s
Dream, As You Like It, and Henry V. Shakespeare,
where are you now? At the Globe, of course!
2 Elizabethan: related to times in England from 12 fire: to shoot

1550-1600 14 Puritan: a person of a group of Protestants in
3 playwright: a person who writes plays the 1500s and 1600s
8 open-air: without a roof 15 tear down: to remove or take apart
9 prop: a thing actors use during a performance 22 award: a prize; something granted as for merit
10 audience: a group of people watching a show 23 attraction: a thing to see
12 cannon: a big gun on wheels used in war
66
What’s in a Name?
W
hen naming a child, some parents seem to choose a name based simply on their
personal preference. In other families, grandparents or professional name-
makers come up with a child’s name. And in some cases, the time of a
child’s birth influences how the child’s name is determined.
5 In many European cultures, names are typically chosen by parents. Parents’ choice
for their child’s name may be based on names of relatives or ancestors within their
particular family. For example, in Italy, children are traditionally named after their
grandparents. The parents generally use the father’s parents’ names first. If they have
more children, then they will use the mother’s parents’ names. Similarly, some people
10 in Eastern Europe name their children after relatives who have died. This tradition is seen as
a means to protect the child from the Angel of Death.

Traditionally in some Asian countries, a child’s grandfather or a fortune-teller
chooses the child’s name. In contrast to the tradition of naming children after relatives,
the child’s name is chosen to influence the child’s character. For example, names may be
15 based on a connection to certain elements such as fire, water, earth, wood, or metal. Or the
name might include a written character meaning beauty, strength, or kindness.

In certain African cultures, when a child is born plays a large part in determining the
child’s name. In Ghana’s Akan culture, the day a child is born determines the child’s name.
But each day has different names for boys and girls.
20 For instance, a boy born on Friday is named Kofi, whereas a
girl born on the same day is named Afua. Both Kofi and Afua
are names meaning “wanderer” or “explorer.” Children with
these names are seen as travelers.
No matter where the name comes from, a child’s
25 name is the first gift in life. Whether it is chosen according to
preference or dictated by tradition, the name reflects

something about a child’s culture. For that reason, all
names should be treasured and respected.
2 preference: the selecting of something over 26 dictate: to order; to determine

another thing 28 treasure: to keep or regard as precious
6 relative: a member of the family
11 Angel of Death: death; the being responsible
for taking people away from life
72 6
Out of Rainforests
H
ave you ever entered a tropical rainforest? It’s a special, dark place completely
different from anywhere else. A rainforest is a place where the trees grow very tall.
Millions of kinds of animals, insects, and plants live in the rainforest. It is hot
and humid in a rainforest. It rains a lot in the rainforest, but sometimes you don’t know
5 it’s raining. The trees grow so closely together that rain doesn’t always reach the ground.
Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth’s surface, about six percent. They
are found in tropical parts of the world. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon
in South America. The Amazon covers 1.2 billion acres, or almost five million
10 square kilometers. The second largest rainforest is in Western Africa. There are also
rainforests in Central America, Southeast Asia, Northeastern Australia, and the Pacific
Islands.
Rainforests provide us with many things. In fact, the Amazon Rainforest is called the
“lungs of our planet” because it produces twenty percent of the world’s oxygen. One
15 fifth of the world’s fresh water is also found in the Amazon Rainforest. Furthermore, one
half of the world’s species of animals, plants, and insects live in the Earth’s rainforests.
Eighty percent of the food we eat first grew in the rainforest. For
example, pineapples, bananas, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, chocolate, coffee,
and sugar all came from rainforests. Twenty-five percent of the drugs
20 we take when we are sick are made of plants that grow only in
rainforests. Some of these drugs are even used to fight and cure
cancer. With all the good things we get from rainforests, it’s
surprising to find that we are destroying our rainforests. In fact,
1.5 acres, or 6,000 square meters, of rainforest disappear
25 every second. The forests are being cut down to make fields for cows,
to harvest the plants, and to clear land for farms. Along with losing
countless valuable species, the destruction of rainforests creates
many problems worldwide. Destruction
of rainforests results in more pollution, less rain, and less
30
oxygen for the world.
1 tropical: hot and humid 10 square kilometers: km2

1 rainforest: a dense, evergreen forest with a 16 species: a biological kind
high annual rainfall 22 cancer: a disease of uncontrolled cell growth
4 humid: moist; wet 24 square meters: m2
9 acre: a measure of land (1 acre is 26 harvest: to gather
approximately 4,000 square meters)
78 7
For a Quick Pickup
I
t used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up
and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and
sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and
teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called “energy drinks.” These
5 beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.
One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this
beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be
a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired
consumer’s body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other
10 energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added
chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins,
chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a
person energy.
Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough
15 evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person’s
energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody
knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.
Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US,
cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He
20 says, “It is plausible if you put these twelve things together, you will get a
good result.” However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also
have a negative impact on the body. “We just don’t know at this
point,” he says.
3 beverage: a drink 8 revitalize: to restore energy or life

5 consumer: a person who buys something 17 ingredient: a thing to include to make or cook
7 thirst: the need or urge to drink something something
7 quencher: a drink that satisfies one’s thirst
18 director: a person with the job to manage or
oversee others
8 fluid: liquid 20 plausible: possible; reasonable
8 replacement: a thing that takes the place of
another thing
84
The Misunderstood Tomato
D
o you enjoy eating salsa and chips? Or maybe you like having ketchup on your fries?
Then, you must like the essential ingredient in these sauces, tomatoes.
The tomato originally comes from South America and has been eaten by people
there for thousands of years. Today, tomatoes are popular the world over. However,
5 when they were first introduced, there was quite a bit of controversy and worry surrounding
them.
Ancient Aztec writings mention recipes for dishes of tomatoes, peppers, and salt---
probably the first salsa recipe! Spanish soldiers conquered the Aztecs and brought tomato
seeds back with them to Europe. In Europe, these yellowish tomatoes were first
10 called “apples of gold.” For a long time, people in Northern Europe and North America did
not eat these “apples of gold.” People were afraid to eat tomatoes because the plant
looked similar to the nightshade plant, a deadly poison. German people even thought that
if someone ate tomatoes, he or she would change into a werewolf. However, by the mid-
1800s, people all over the world had accepted the tomato as a good food to eat.
15 Nevertheless, the tomato was due for more controversy. Do you think tomatoes are
a fruit or vegetable? Actually tomatoes are a fruit. However, in America, tomatoes are a
vegetable by law. Why are tomatoes legally a vegetable in America? In the 1800s, there
was no import tax on fruit from other countries, but there was an import tax on
vegetables. At that time, many tomatoes were coming from other
20 countries into America, and American tomato farmers became
worried about making a living. The government made tomatoes a

vegetable by law so that non-American tomatoes would be taxed.
It is easy to tell that the tomato is really a fruit. In
25 fact, tomatoes are similar to berries. Both have seeds inside,
and both grow from the flowers of a plant. Both also have
delicious flesh surrounding the seeds. Tomatoes and
strawberries are actually in the same
family. Tomato ice cream, anyone?
7 Aztec: a tribe that lived thousands of years ago 14 accept: to agree to

in the Americas 18 import tax: money that must be paid to the
13 werewolf: a person that changes into a wolf government for bringing goods into a country
during a full moon 27 flesh: soft inside; soft tissue
90 9
The Greatest of the Century
A
s the new century began, several groups came up with the idea of selecting the
greatest sports person of the 20th century. These groups included the British
Broadcasting Company (BBC), Sports Illustrated (SI), and the World Sports
Award Organization. Interestingly, all three named the same person as the Sportsman
5 of the Century!
One man who was among the athletes appearing at the top of these three groups’
lists was golf legend Jack Nicklaus. Certainly, no one would doubt that he was the greatest
golfer of the century. His sixth Masters win in 1986 at the age of forty-six amazed golf fans
all around the world. Nicklaus is also known for his charity work to help children
10 in need.
The second sports legend appearing on all three lists, but not winning the top
honor, was Pelé. This soccer star led Brazil’s World Cup team to victory in 1958 when he
was only seventeen years old. He is the only soccer player in the
world to receive three World Cup winning medals. Over his
15 career, Pelé personally scored more than 1,000 goals. In addition to
his soccer fame, Pelé is also known for working to try and improve
life for poor people in Brazil and around the world.
Likewise, the athlete named the Sportsman of the Century by the
BBC, SI, and the World Sports Award is known for more than just
20 his sports skills. This man spoke out against the abuse of civil liberties
even to the point of having his awards in his sport taken away.
Then, later in life when faced with Parkinson’s disease, he boldly
continued to work for his beliefs. Almost forty years before
receiving the award as the Greatest, this
25 athlete called himself the greatest. And he proved it. The
Sportsman of the 20th Century without a doubt is the

boxer Muhammad Ali.
4 organization: a group of people working 20 abuse: unfair or cruel treatment

together to do something 20 civil liberties: freedom or rights of people in a
9 charity: free support or aid society
12 honor: award; praise 22 Parkinson’s disease: a nerve disease usually
12 victory: first place occurring in older people that causes shaking,
slow speech, and walking without raising
14 medal: an award shaped like a coin one’s feet
15 goal: the score awarded by putting the ball in 23 boldly: bravely
the net in soccer
96
Rights of Lefties
W
hat do Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon have in
common? They were all left-handed! Beginning early in history, southpaws
were feared, neglected, and punished because use of the left hand was
considered evil. In fact, the Latin word for “left” is “sinister.” Due to this prejudice
5 against the left, left-handed people were forced to switch hands. This change caused many
problems for lefties in school, which resulted in frustration, bad behavior, and high drop-
out rates. Maybe that is why lefties were stereotyped as unintelligent, an idea that could
not be further from the truth.
Researchers studying the brain have found differences in the left side and right
10 side of the brain. Researchers believe that people who use more of the left side of their
brain tend to be more intelligent. They also tend to use language better and solve
problems faster. However, one study also showed that left-brain people tend to have worse
memories.
So, which side of the brain do lefties use? Actually, both. Right-handed people use
15 the left side of the brain more, whereas left-handed people use both sides of the brain
almost equally. The part connecting the two halves of the brain
is usually larger in left-handed people. Therefore, information can
pass more efficiently from one side of the brain to the other. The
left hemisphere of the brain controls speech, language,
20 writing, logic, mathematics, and science. The right hemisphere
controls music, art, creativity, perception, and emotion. Since

lefties use both sides, they are often both creative and scientific.
Approximately ten percent of the world is left-handed,
and the ratio of left-handed males to left-handed females
25 is two to one. Thankfully, parents and teachers no longer treat left-
handedness as a problem to be cured. It may actually contribute to

a child’s excellence! If allowed to learn and develop in their own
way, lefties will excel in school. Perhaps one of
these lefties might turn out to be the next Einstein or da Vinci.
2 southpaw: a left-handed person 16 equally: the same

4 sinister: evil and suspicious 19 hemisphere: half of a spherical structure or
4 prejudice: a bad feeling about, for no good organ
reason 20 logic: a scientific way of thinking
5 switch: to change 28 excel: to do very well
7 drop-out: quitting school
7 stereotyped: believed to be a certain way, for
no good reason
102
The Snowy Slopes of Dubai
P
eople who enjoy skiing dream of skiing in exotic places. These days they don’t have
to limit themselves to just the Rocky Mountains or the Swiss Alps. Now they can ski
in Dubai as well! That’s right. Dubai, the most populated city in the United
Arab Emirates, has a ski resort.
5 Ski Dubai opened for business in 2005. Other than being the world’s third largest
indoor ski facility, Ski Dubai has a number of things to amaze visitors. First and foremost, this
ski facility was built in a place where there are no natural hills and it never snows. While the
desert outdoors can reach 45° C in the summer, the slopes of Ski Dubai are kept at a cool -2° C
all year round.
10 Like any other ski resort, Ski Dubai has a chairlift and ski instructors. It also boasts a
Swiss style café on the slopes where skiers can rest and warm up. However, that’s not all.
Along with being able to enjoy the five indoor slopes, including a black diamond slope,
visitors are welcome to build snowmen in a designated area. Children can also enjoy
snowball fights in the snowball throwing gallery, or they can explore a
15 snow cavern filled with amazing things for kids to see and do. As if
all of that were not enough,

it is also possible for guests to experience
falling snow from time to time. When it is
time to make new snow inside the facility,
20 the temperature drops to -8° C. Then snow
guns shoot out chilled water to make a

cloud near the ceiling. Tiny particles of ice
are shot into the cloud to form snow
crystals. This manmade snow falls from
25 the ceiling on excited guests below. When
Raed Al Yousofi, a guest at Ski Dubai,

experienced his first snowfall, he said, “It’s
very strange but wonderful.” That is
certainly an apt description of Ski Dubai as
30
well.
6 facility: a place or building made for a certain 11 boast: to be proud of having

use 15 cavern: a cave
8 slope: a side of a mountain 21 chill: to make cool
10 chairlift: a machine used to take skiers to the
top of slopes
108
Not All Hackers Are the Same
A
s computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more important
than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer
hacking.
Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers.
5 Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal
private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly
can a hacker get into a system to do these things?
Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer
software. These protocols allow computers to interact with one another. Protocols are
10 sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the
protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much
information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the
protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system.
In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is
15 commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from
just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or

military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a
system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses
or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active
20 hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.
The easiest way to protect a system is with a good

password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to
guess. For even greater security, some online services now use
“password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a
25 password and then put in a second code that changes after the user
accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that
show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker
steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker
somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the
30
password.
4 unauthorized: not officially or legally allowed 12 manipulate: to control or influence

4 network: a system of computers that are all 15 passive: not active; without action
connected to each other 25 code: a secret word or number
5 illegally: wrongly; against the law 26 site: a location on the Internet
8 protocol: a set of rules that control the way
data is sent between computers
114
Weird Inventions
H
ave you ever thought about inventing something? Did you worry that your idea
was too strange or unrealistic? Well, maybe you should think again.
Strange or unrealistic ideas never stopped Arthur Pedrick. Pedrick was a British
inventor. Originally a government clerk, he spent his retirement in the 1960s and 1970s
5 developing new and unusual ideas. Some of these ideas contradicted basic physics, but that
didn’t stop Pedrick. One of his strangest ideas was a plan to connect large tubes from the
continent of Australia all the way to Antarctica, a distance of 10,000 km! These tubes would
carry giant ice balls from Antarctica to Australia. This ice would then melt in the Australian
desert, and the water would be used in irrigation. Another of Pedrick’s
10 inventions was a radio-controlled golf ball. A golfer could change the speed and direction of the
golf ball by small flaps, controlled by computer chips. Using radio waves, the golfer could
also find lost golf balls. Arthur Pedrick had thousands of bizarre ideas for inventions, most
of which were never built.
Though many of Pedrick’s inventions were never developed, a lot
15 of other strange ideas were. In 1989, a company designed and sold a
theft-prevention device for expensive cars. As part of this device,

several tubes were attached to the bottom of a car. If someone
tried to steal the car, super hot flames would come out of the tubes
and burn the car thief. Some people who were not
20 thieves, however, were seriously injured. They accidentally set off
the device by walking past the car. Other strange inventions

include underwear for dogs and pens with drinkable ink. The
underwear keeps dogs from making a mess when they go out for
a walk. Also, if you are ever thirsty during a test, a pen with
25 drinkable ink would be very handy!
If you have an idea that seems a little out in left field,

don’t let that stop you from trying it. You’ll be in good company.
4 retirement: the time in life after finishing work, 20 accidentally: not intentionally; in an
usually at 65 unplanned way
6 tube: a pipe 25 handy: useful
11 flap: a thin flat piece that can go up and down
120
Read It or See It?
S
ince the early days of making movies, writers and directors have attempted to bring
popular and classic novels to the big screen. That tradition continues today.
The movie industry seems to believe that if the story made a great book, it should make
a great movie as well. However, that rarely seems to be the case. More often than
5 not, a great book turns out to be a mediocre movie in the opinion of most viewers. Perhaps
that is because readers of the book have already made their own great “movies” in their heads.
Then, when they see the studio’s or the director’s version of the story, it does not quite
measure up to their expectations.
Over the past one hundred years of film production, there have only been a handful
10 of movies that have fulfilled the ambition of turning the great book into a great movie.
Literary critics as well as movie critics applaud both versions of One Flew over the
Cuckoo’s Nest. The classic children’s story, The Wizard of Oz, was transformed into a classic
movie musical that parents and children still enjoy today. Lovers of the historical novel, Gone
with the Wind, continue to be swept away by the movie adaptation starring
15 Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. Science fiction readers as well as movie critics both hail
Stanley Kubrick’s film, 2001: A Space Odyssey, which was co-written by Kubrick with the
novel’s author Arthur C. Clarke, as a masterpiece.
On the other hand, there have been instances when not-so-great novels have been
transformed into great movies. Mario Puzo’s The Godfather was quite popular at the
20 time of its release as a novel, but critics hailed it more for its entertainment value than for its
value as literature. The film adaptation of this popular novel, however, continues to be listed
among the top ten greatest movies of all time. Likewise, the science fiction short story “Do
Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” did not set the science fiction genre on fire when it came
out. The movie version, though, made a much bigger impact in its
25 medium. Today, Blade Runner continues to top critics’ lists of great films.
Are there any books that are simply impossible to film? Although film makers would
like to think not, it is a good bet that certain books will never be adapted into successful
films. Books written in unique literary styles such as Ulysses by James Joyce and The Sound
and the Fury by William Faulkner have resisted film adaptation to rival
30 the greatness of the books. Film makers will no doubt keep trying, of course. Readers and
viewers will have to be the final judges of whether it is better to read the book or see the
movie.
1 director: a person who is in charge of making a movie 15 hail: to cheer; to give high approval to
5 mediocre: average; not very good but not so bad 17 masterpiece: an artist’s greatest work
10 fulfill: to meet; to fit 23 genre: a category of books or stories
11 literary: related to books or literature 25 medium: a type or way of communication or
11 applaud: to praise; to show approval of entertainment
14 adaptation: a form changed to fit a different
medium
7
6
Superstitions About Birds
C
ertain birds are, more often than not, considered bad luck, or even a
sign of impending death. For example, all over the world, both crows and ravens
have some connection to war, and death. In early times, crows and ravens were
thought to accompany the gods of war, or be signs of the gods’ approaching arrival. This
5 idea later changed. Crows in particular were thought to be harbingers of ill fortune or, in some
cases, guides to the afterlife. Woe be it to the person who saw a single crow or raven flying
overhead, for this was most certainly a portent of death in the near future.
Interestingly, though potentially bad luck for people individually, the raven is
10 considered to be good luck for the crown of England. So much so, in fact, that a “raven
master” is, even today, an actual government position in London. He takes care of the ravens
there and also clips their wings, ensuring that these birds can never fly far from the seat of
the British government. This way, the kingdom will never fall to ill fortune.
Another bird that is thought to play a part in forecasting the fortunes of people is
15 the swallow. Depending on how and when it is seen, the swallow can be a harbinger of either
good or ill fortune. Perhaps inspired by the swallow’s red-brown breast, Christian people
initially related the swallow to the death of Jesus Christ. Thus, people who saw a swallow fly
through their house considered it a portent of death. Later, however, farmers began to
consider swallows signs of good fortune. Any barn that has
20 swallows living in it is sure to be blessed in the following year. Farmers also
have to beware of killing a swallow; that would be certain to end any good luck
they might have had.
Though many people think these superstitions are old wives’ tales,
there is actually some evidence to support them. For example,
25 crows and ravens, being scavengers, appear at the aftermath of battles.
Thus, large numbers of crows and ravens could be good indications of
war in an area. As well, swallows feed on insects that can cause infections in
cattle. Thus, a farmer who has many swallows in his barn may actually have
healthier animals on his farm. Therefore, the next time you feel inclined to laugh at
30 an old wives’ tale, maybe you had better find out if there is any truth to it first!
2 crow: a black bird, often seen in fields 10 crown of England: the English monarchy and
2 raven: a black bird that looks similar to crows, government
but bigger 12 clip: to cut; to trim
5 harbinger: a thing that brings something 15 swallow: a brown and red bird that often
6 afterlife: a place you go after dying makes a home in barns or outside buildings
7 portent: a sign
20 bless: to give luck or good fortune
25 aftermath: the resulting situation
122
Alaska Is Melting!
A
laska is disappearing slowly, but surely. It is estimated that
since the 1950s, as much as fifteen percent of Alaska’s
land area has disappeared. How can a whole
state be disappearing? The problem is that Alaska’s glaciers
5 are melting. The state has more than 100,000 glaciers. These glaciers
account for about 75,000 square kilometers, or five percent, of the
state’s area. That is an area of land larger than Ireland!
According to a recent report by the US Geological Survey, ninty-nine percent of
Alaska’s glaciers are either retreating or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly
10 due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round
temperature has increased by almost 3°C. Additionally, the average winter temperature has
increased by over 6°C. Presently, an estimated 100 cubic kilometers of ice is disappearing
from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be even more in the near future, as some scientists
predict that the average world temperature could go up 4 to 7°C by
15 the year 2100.
Another problem facing Alaska is its thawing permafrost. Much of the land in Alaska
used to be permanently frozen or frozen for most of the year. Now, the thawing permafrost is
causing a number of problems for people living in Alaska. Roads and utility poles are collapsing
as the ground around and under them warms and softens. Also, the
20 hard permafrost that originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now
melting. People who live along Alaska’s coasts are being forced to relocate. For villages on small low
islands, one terrible storm could wipe out the entire community.
The melting permafrost and increasing temperatures are both affecting the forests of
Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally do not turn up
25 until the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example, is
increasing in numbers as a result of warmer winter temperatures. It usually takes about two
years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in very cold weather. However, due to the
increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are reproducing faster and damaging as many
trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. If something cannot be done
30 to change things, Alaska’s forests will not survive the turn of the century.
Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in weather
temperature. Whatever the cause of rising temperatures may be, the fact remains that
temperatures are warming, affecting Alaska for the worse. Horribly, this could be a
preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next century.
4 glacier: a huge mass of ice on land 19 collapse: to fall and be destroyed

8 geological: related to the study of the Earth 21 relocate: to move somewhere else
and rocks 25 spruce: a kind of pine tree
16 thaw: to melt 33 horribly: terribly; unfortunately
18 utility pole: a pole used to hold electrical and 34 preview: something that gives an advanced
phone wires idea of what is to come.
7
18
Working on Your Workout
M
ost people know that a balanced diet and regular exercise are
very important. However, most people do not know how to
exercise properly. Instead of concentrating on how to get the
best results efficiently and effectively, people usually rush through
5 their workouts, or they make the same common workout mistakes. Exercising
the right way is important for people who are worried about their health
and their appearance. However, if someone is not working out properly, it is
rare that he or she will see the results he or she wants. Therefore, training
experts have devised tips to teach people how to
10 exercise correctly in order to achieve the greatest health benefits. If you want
to achieve the best workout results, here are a few helpful tips to bear in
mind.
One of the most common workout mistakes is doing the same
routine over and over again. This does not challenge your muscles, and it
15 can actually prevent muscles from growing and repairing themselves.
Instead of always sticking to the same old workout, it is important to change your routine every
six to eight weeks. It is also important to add a variety of workouts to your routine, such as
swimming, yoga, or biking, to make sure your whole body stays fit. This will help make your
workouts more interesting, and benefit your health and muscle development
20 as well.
Another mistake people tend to make is to work out too hard, too often. Your body
needs to rest between workouts; otherwise, no progress will be made. It is best to keep the
number of hard workout routines to no more than two per week. Then, for those who don’t
want to get off schedule by skipping a day, shorter workouts of about twenty
25 minutes can be used on other days. For more variety in workouts, you could also plan an
easier routine for forty to sixty minutes between days of shorter, more intense workouts.
Experts recommend, however, taking at least one day off completely each week, especially
after several hard workout days in a row.
In reality, no one is perfect. However, if you want to make a difference in your overall
30 health, there are some things you can do. Stretch before and after every workout. Do not rush
your routine, and do not work out too little or too much. Remember not to make these
common workout mistakes, and always have fun while exercising!
4 efficiently: in the best possible manner with the 14 routine: a regular course or procedure
least waste of time and effort 18 yoga: a series of postures and breathing exercises
4 effectively: adequately; as planned practiced to achieve control of the body and mind
5 workout: a session of physical exercise or training 24 skip: to avoid; to not do
9 devise: to plan or invent carefully 26 intense: strong; extreme
124
24
Smart Exercise
A
re you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play some basketball in
between hitting the books. Based on information they have collected over the
years, researchers have seen an apparent connection between exercise and
brain development. Judy Cameron, a researcher at Oregon Health and Science University,
5 studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood
vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Cameron claims this
allows people who exercise to concentrate better. She says, “While we already know that
exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.”
10 The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who
do things that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain
development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can
show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician, believes in the importance of exercise.
She thinks that many learning disabilities children have in elementary school
15 or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that
stimulates their five senses,” says Barnes. “They need to establish a connection between
motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical
activity with higher learning.”
The benefits of exercise on the brain are not just for babies. Older people can beef
20 up their brains by working out as well. Researchers at Cornell University studied a group of
seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory
increase of up to forty percent after exercising just three
hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does
have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion
25 for infants, exercise for older people should involve some
complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga

or tai-chi, helps open up memory paths in the brain that may not
have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases
30 the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow
of blood. Your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of
exercise a week.
6 blood vessel: a thin tube in the body that 21 senior: a person over sixty-five years of age
carries blood 24 heart rate: the speed of the heartbeat
14 disability: a physical or mental problem due 27 tai-chi: a martial art with powerful, slow
to irregular development movements
7
126 Reading Challenge 2

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INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA MUNICIPAL NACIONAL DE PITALITO

“We want to see you again, so please stay

EVIDENCIA DE APRENDIZAJE (EVALUACIÓN): Aquellos estudiantes que cuentan con

READ AND UNDERSTAND!

VERBOS REGULARES Y VERBOS IRREGULARES

Reglas para añadir -ed a los verbos regulares en inglés:

1. En general añadimos -ed a todos los verbos regulares.

wash → washed finish → finished talk → talked

2. A los verbos que acaban en -e, sólo añadimos una -d.

like → liked live → lived

study → studied carry → carried try → tried

4. Los verbos que acaban en vocal + -y, añaden -ed.

❖ investiga los “Casos especiales” para duplicar la última consonante. (stopped-

Los verbos irregulares en pasado simple y participio

❖ Escriba al menos 10 verbos irregulares que conozca.

Presente Pasado simple Pasado participio Traducción

GUIDE: Week 4 from June 1st- 5th

Complete the story in the Past Simple.

(any of them are worth seeing)

GUIDE: Week 7 from June 22nd-26 th

Presente Pasado simple Pasado participio Traducción

How many verbs could you complete by yourself? ________________________________

GUIDE: Week 8 from June 29th-July 3rd

En las preguntas 1-5, marque la respuesta correcta A, B o C en su hoja de respuestas.

En las preguntas 6-10, marque la respuesta correcta A-H en su hoja de respuestas.

0. I visit this person when I am sick.

6. This person gives traffic tickets.

7. This person lives near your house.

8. This person prepares medicines. D. chemistry

9. I visit this person if I have toothache. E. bus driver.

10. This person is employed to clean the public áreas,

11. So, you like music, is that right?

12. Would you like some rice?

A. Sorry, there isn´t, but there is some pasta.

13. You´d better have a good reason for being late!

14. What time did Silvia leave for Glasgow?.

A. At half past seven this mornig.

15. Why did you buy such an expensive dress?

Sixteen - What now?

16. A. could B. can C. would

En las preguntas 24-30, marque la respuesta correcta A, B o C en su hoja de respuestas.

George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland

Washington was married to Martha Custis in 1759.Washington managed the

Washington proved himself an excellent leader, and won several decisive

Washington was re-elected in 1792, but refused a third term.On December

THE RIO GRANDE

Rio Grande Geography

31) According to the passage, why is the Rio Grande so important?

34) According to the passage, the Rio Grande has endpoints in

35.Which is the best advertisement for this River?

THE RIO GRANDE THE RIO GRANDE

Reading Time minutes seconds 239 words

2 cartoon: a drawing that tells a story 11 fantastic: strange and interesting

Reading Time minutes seconds 231 words

1 active: energetic; busy 11 energetic: full of energy

Reading Time minutes seconds 221 words

5 adhesive: sticky; coated with glue 10 issue: to produce for use

Reading Time minutes seconds 208 words

1 constant: continuous 8 software: computer programs

Reading Time minutes seconds 220 words

2 property: something that a person owns 7 mutt: a mixed breed of animal

up bald, like the queen, and had to wear wigs.

Reading Time minutes seconds 326 words