14.2.

ITERATED INTEGRALS 141

14.2 Iterated Integrals

R
1. dy = y + c1 (x)

2. RBy holding y fixed,

(1 − 2y)dy = x − 2yx + c2 (y)

3. By
Z holding y fixed,  3  2
2 √ x x √
(6x y − 3x y)dx = 6 y−3 y + c2 (y)
3 2
3 √
= 2x3 y − x2 y + c2 (y)
2
4. By
Z holding x fixed,  2
√ y y 3/2
(6x2 y − 3x y)dy = 6x2 − 3x + c1 (x)
2 (3/2)
= 3x2 y 2 − 2xy 3/2 + c1 (x)

5. By holding x fixed,
R 1 ln |y + 1|
dy = + c1 (x)
x(y + 1) x

6. By
Z holding x fixed,  2
x
(1 + 10x − 5y 4 )dx = x + 10 − 5xy 4 + c2 (y)
2
= x + 5x2 − 5xy 4 + c2 (y)

7. By
Z holding y fixed,  
sin 4x
(12y cos 4x − 3 sin y)dx = 12y − 3x sin y + c2 (y)
4
= 3y sin 4x − 3x sin y + c2 (y)

8. By
Z holding x fixed,
tan 3xy
sec2 3xydy = + c1 (x)
3x
9. By
Z holding y fixed, p
y
√ dy = y 2x + 3y + c2 (y)
2x + 3y
10. By
Z holding x fixed, 
1 (2x + 5y)7
(2x + 5y)6 dy = + c1 (x)
5 7
(2x + 5y)7
= + c1 (x)
35
Z 3
3
11. (6xy − 5ey ) dx = (3x2 y − 5xey )−1 = (27y − 15ey ) − (3y + 5ey ) = 24y − 20ey
−1
142 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 2 2
1  1
12. tan xy dy = ln | sec xy| = ln | sec 2x − sec x|
1 x 1 x
Z 3x 3x 2
13. x3 exy = x2 exy 1 = x2 (e3x − ex )
1

Z y3 y 3
14.
√
(8x3 y − 4xy 2 ) dx = (2x4 y − 2x2 y 2 )√y = (2y 13 − 2y 8 ) − (2y 3 − 2y 3 ) = 2y 13 − 2y 8
y

Z 2x 2x
xy x 2 2  x x
15. 2 2
dy = ln(x + y ) = [ln(x2 + 4x2 ) − ln x2 ] = ln 5
0 x +y 2 0 2 2
Z x
x 2y/x x x 3 x 2
16. e2y/x dy = e  3 = (e2y/x − e2x /x ) = (e2 − e2x )
x3 2 x 2 2
Z sec y sec y
17. (2x + cos y) dx = (x2 + x cos y)tan y = sec2 y + sec y cos y − tan2 y − tan y cos y
tan y

= sec2 y + 1 − tan2 y − sin y = 2 − sin y

Z 1
18. √
y ln x dx Integration by parts
y
 
1 √ √ √ √ 1
= y(x ln x − x)|√y = y(0 − 1) − y( y ln y − y) = −y − y y ln y − 1
2

π/2 π/2
− sin2 y 2  − sin2 x 2
Z   
19. cos x sin3 ydy = cos x cos y − = 0 − cos 2
x −
x 3 3 x 3 3
cos2 x sin3 x 2 cos2 x cos2 (1 − cos2 x) 2 cos2 x
= + = +
3 3 3 3
cos2 x cos4 x 2 cos2 x 1
= − + = cos2 x − cos4 x
3 3 3 3
Z 1  1 1
2 sin xy cos xy x  sin xy cos xy xy 
20. y cos xydx = y + = +
1/2 2y 2 1/2 2 2 1/2
x x
sin x cos x − sin x2 cos x2
   
sin x cos x x sin 2 cos 2 x x
= + − + = +
2 2 2 4 2 4
Z 2 Z x2 Z 2  x2
2

21. (8x − 10y + 2) dy dx = (8xy − 5y + 2y) dx
1 −x 1 −x
Z 2
= [(8x3 − 5x4 + 2x2 ) − (−8x2 − 5x2 − 2x)] dx
1
Z 2 2
= (8x3 − 5x4 + 15x2 + 2x) dx = (2x4 − x5 + 5x3 + x2 )1
1
= 44 − 7 = 37
14.2. ITERATED INTEGRALS 143

Z 1 Z y Z 1 Z y  Z y 1
1
(x + y)2 dx dy = (x + y)2 dx dy =
(x + y)3  dy

22.
−1 0 −1 0 −1 3 0
Z 1 Z 1  1
1 3 3 1 3 1 7 4 
= [(y + y) − (0 + y) ] dy = 7y dy = y  =0
3 −1 3 −1 3 4 −1

√ Z √2−y2 √ √2−y2
Z 2 Z 2 
23. (2x − y) dx dy = (x2 − xy)

√  √ 2
0 − 2−y 2 0
− 2−y
√
Z 2 h p p i
= (2 − y 2 − y 2 − y 2 ) − (2 − y 2 + y 2 − y 2 ) dy
0
√ √2
2
4√
Z p 2 2 2
(−2 2 − y 2 ) dy = (2 − y 2 )3−2  = (0) − 23/2 = −

= 2
0 3 0 3 3 3

cos x Z
Z π/4 Z cos x Z π/4 π/4
24. (1 + 4y tan2 x) dy dx = (y + 2y 2 tan2 x) = (cos x + 2 cos2 x tan2 x) dx

0 0 0  0
0
Z π/4  π/4
1
(cos x + 2 sin2 x) dx = sin x + x − sin 2x 

=
0 2 0
√ √
2 π 1 2 2+π−2
= + − =
2 4 2 4

π 3y π3y
1 π
Z Z Z Z
1 
25. cos(2x + y) dx dy sin(2x + y)
 dy (sin 7y − sin 3y) dy
0 y 0 2 y 2 0
 π
1 1 1 
= − cos 7y + cos 3y 
2 7 3
  0 
1 1 1 1 1 4
= − (−1) + (−1) − − + =−
2 7 3 7 3 21

Z 2 Z √
x Z 2
"Z √
x
# Z 2 √x Z 2
2 2 2 2
x sin πx2 dx

26. 2y sin πx dy dx = 2y sin πx dy dx = y sin πx  dx =
1 0 1 0 1 0 1
2
1 2
 1 1 1
=− cos πx  = − (cos 4π − cos π) = − (1 − (−1)) = −
2π 1 2π 2π π

x
Z ln 3 Z x Z ln 3  Z ln 3
ln 3
27. 6ex+2y dy dx = e x+2y 
 dx = (3e3x − 3ex ) dx = (e3x − 3ex )1
1 0 1  1
0
= (27 − 9) − (e3 − 3e) = 18 − e3 + 3e

2 2y 2 1
R 1 R 2y 2 R1  R1 2

28. 0 0
e−y dx dy = 0
xe−y  dy = 0 2ye−y dy = −e−y  = −e−1 − (−1) = 1 − e−1
0 0
144 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

3 2x+1 3 2x+1 Z 3
√ √
Z Z Z
1 
29. √ dy dx = 2 y − x
 dx = 2 ( x + 1 − 1) dx
0 x+1 y−x 0 x+1 0
 3    
2 16 2 10
(x + 1)3/2  = 2

=2 −3 − =
3 0 3 3 3

1 y 1 y 1
1 1
Z Z Z Z
2 2 3/2 1 2 2 5/2 
 5 1 6  1
30. x(y − x ) dx dy = − (y − x )  = − (−y ) dy = − y  =
0 0 0 5 0 5 0 30 0 30
Z 9 Z x Z 9 x Z 9 9
1 1 −1 y 
 π π π
31. dy dx = tan = dx = ln |x| = ln 9

1 0 x+ y 2 1 x x 0 1 4x 4 1 4
y
Z 1/2 Z y Z 1/2 Z 1/2
1 −1

32. √ dx dy = sin x dy = sin−1 y dy Integration by parts

0 0 1 − x2 0 
0
0
√ √
 p 1/2 1 π 3 π + 6 3 − 12
= y sin−1 y + 1 − y 2  = + −1=

0 2 6 2 12
Z e Z y Z e y Z e
y 
33. dx dy = y ln x dy = y ln y dy Integration by parts
1 1 x 1 1 1
 e  
1 2 1 2  1 2 1 2 1 1
= y ln y − y  = e − e − − = (e2 + 1)
2 4 1 2 4 4 4

Z 4 Z √
x Z √x
4 Z 4
−x 2 −x 
(xe−x − e−x ) dx

34. 2ye dy dx = y e  dx = Integration by parts
1 1 1 1 1
4
= (−xe−x − e−x + e−x )1 = −4e−4 + e−1

Z √25−y2 /2 !√25−y2 /2
Z 6 Z 6
1 x 
35. dx dy = sin−1 p dy

p 
0 0 (25 − y 2 ) − x2 0
2
25 − y 0
Z 6 Z 6
−1 1 π
= sin dy = dy = π
0 2 0 6

√
Z 2 Z √20−y2 Z 2  20−y 2
 2
Z 2
 1 2 3/2 1 4  p
3
36. y dx dy = dy = (y 20 − − y ) dy = − (20 − y ) − y 
xy  y2
0 y2 0 y2 0 3 4 0
√
√
   
1 1 40 5 − 76
= − (64) − 4 − − (40 5) − 0 =
3 3 3
0
Z π Z 0  Z π Z π
x x
37. e sin y dx dy = e sin y  dy = (sin y − ecos y sin y) d

π/2 cos y π/2  π/2
cos y
cos y π
= (− cos y + e )|π/2 = (1 + e−1 ) − (0 + 1) = e−1
14.2. ITERATED INTEGRALS 145

Z 1 Z y 1/3 Z 1 y1/3 Z 1
2 3

38. 6x ln(y + 1) dx dy = 2x ln(y + 1) dy = 2 y ln(y + 1) dy
0 0 0 0 0

Integration by parts
 1
2 1 2 
= y ln(y + 1) − y + y − ln(y + 1) 
2 0
1 1
= (ln 2 + 1 − ln 2) − (0 − 0 + 0 − ln 1) =
2 2

Z 2π Z x Z 2π x Z 2π

39. (cos x − sin y) dy dx = (y cos x + cos y) dx =
 (x cos x + cos x − 1) dx
π 0 π 0 π

Integration by parts
2π
= (cos x + x sin x + sin x − x)|π = (1 − 2π) − (−1 − π) = 2 − π

Z 3 Z 1/x Z 3 1/x Z 3 Z 3 
1 y  1 1 1
40. dy dx = dx = dx = − dx
1 0 x+1 1 x + 1 0 1 x(x + 1) 1 x x+1
3
= [ln x − ln(x + 1)]|1 = (ln 3 − ln 4) − (0 − ln 2) = ln 3/2

√ √2 sin 2θ 5π/12
Z 5π/12 Z 2 sin 2θ Z 5π/12 Z 5π/12  
1 2  1 1 
41. r dr dθ = r  dθ = sin 2θ − dθ = − (cos 2θ + θ)
π/12 1 π/12 2  π/12 2 2 π/12
1
" √ ! √ !# √
1 3 5π 3 5π 3 π
=− − + − + = −
2 2 12 2 12 2 6

1+cos θ
Z π/3 Z 1+cos θ Z π/3
1 2 
42. r dr dθ = r  dθ
0 3 cos θ 0 2 
3 cos θ
Z π/3 π/3
1 1
(1 + 2 cos θ − cos2 θ) dθ = (θ + 2 sin θ − 4θ − 2 sin 2θ)

=
2 0 2 0
1 √ √ π
= (−π + 3 − 3) = −
2 2
146 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

43.
y
y=2x+1 44. y

x=My

x=-My

x
x

45. y
46.
y y=x2+1

x=M16-y2

x
x

y=-x2

4
√
x √x 4
Z 4
x2
Z Z Z  
2 1 2  1 2 y
47. x ydydx = x y  dx = x x− dx
0 x/2 0 2 x/2 0 2 4
Z 4   4 y=Mx
1 2 1 4 1 4 1
x − x5 

= x − x dx = y=1/2x
0 2 8 8 40 0
128 32
= 32 − = x
5 5
Z 2 Z 2y Z 2 2y Z 2
1 1
x2 ydxdy = x3 y  dy = y(8y 3 − y 6 )dy

y
0 y2 0 3 y2 0 3
Z 2   2
8 4 1 7 8 5 1 8 
= y − y dy = y − y  x=y2
0 3 3 15 24 0 x=2y
256 32 32
= − = x
Z Z √ 15 4
3 Z 5Z
x 2 2y
Therefore x2 ydydx = x2 ydxdy
0 x/2 0 y2
14.2. ITERATED INTEGRALS 147

Z 1 Z √
1−x2 Z 1 √1−x2
 y
48. √ 2xdydx = 2xy  √ dx
0 − 1−x2 0 2− 1−x
Z 1
y=M1-x2
 p p 
= 2x 1 − x2 + 2 1 − x2 dx
0
1 1 x
y=-M1-x2
Z p
2
4 2 3/2 

= 4x 1 − x dx = − (1 − x ) 
0 3 0
4
=
3
√
Z 1 Z √1−y2 Z 1  1−y 2 Z 1
y
x2  (1 − y 2 )dy

2xdxdy = dy =
−1 0 −1 0 −1
 1
1
= y − y 3 

x=0 x=M1-y2
3 −1
   
1 1 4 x
= 1− − −1 + =
3 3 3
Z 1 Z √
1−x2 Z Z √ 2 1 1−y
Therefore, 2xdydx = 2xdxdy
√
0 − 1−x2 −1 0

49. 3
Z 2 Z 3 Z 2 Z
2 2
2 2
3x2 dx = x3 −1 = 8 − (−1) = 9

x dy dx = x y  dx =

−1 0 −1 0 −1
Z 3Z 2 Z 3 2 Z 3  Z 3
2 1 3  8 1 3
x dx dy = x  dy = + dy = 3 dy = 3y|0 = 9
0 −1 0 3 −1 0 3 3 0

Z 2 Z 4 Z 2 4 Z 2
2

50. (2x + 4y) dx dy = (x + 4xy) dy =
 [(16 + 16y) − (4 + 8y)] dy
−2 2 −2 2 −2
Z 2
2
= (12 + 8y) dy = (12y + 4y 2 )−2 = (24 + 16) − (−24 + 16) = 48
−2
Z 4 Z 2 Z 4 2 Z 4
2

(2x + 4y) dy dx = (2xy + 2y ) dx = [(4x + 8) − (−4 + 8)] dx
2 −2 2 −2 2
Z 4
4
= 8x dx = 4x2 2 = 64 − 16 = 48
2

Z 3Z π π Z 3  2
Z 3   
2 3 2 2  3π 2
51. (3x y − 4 sin y) dy dx = x y − 4 cos y  dx =
 x − 4 − (4) dx
1 0 1 2 0 1 2
Z 3 2   2 3
3π 2 π 3 
= x − 8 dx = x − 8x 
1 2 2 1
2
   2 
27π π
= − 24 − − 8 = 13π 2 − 16
2 2
148 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z π Z 3 Z π 3
Z π
(3x2 y − 4 sin y) dy dx = (x3 y − 4x sin y)1 dy = [(27y − 12 sin y) − (y − 4 sin y)]dy
0 1 0 0
Z π π
= (26y − 8 sin y)dy = (13y 2 + 8 cos y)0
0
= (13π 2 − 8) − (8) = 13π 2 − 16
1 2 2 Z 1 1
x2
Z Z   Z  
8y 2x  4
52. − 2
dxdy = 8y ln |x + 1| − 2  dy = 8y ln 3 − 2 dy
0 0 x+1 y +1 0 y + 1 0 0 y +1
1
= (4y 2 ln 3 − 4 tan−1 y)0 = 4 ln 3 − π
Z 2Z 1 Z 2 1 Z 2 
4y 2
 
8y 2x 4 π
− 2x tan−1 y  =

− 2 dydx = − dx
0 0 x+1 y +1 0 x+1 0 0 x+1 2
 π 2
= 4 ln |x + 1| − x2  = 4 ln 3 − π
4 0
Rβ Rβ
53. We use the fact that α kF (t)dt = k α F (t)dt. Then
"Z # "Z # "Z #
Z Z d Z b d b b d
f (x)g(y)dxdy = g(y) f (x)dx dy = f (x)dx g(y)dy
c a c a a c

Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞  
−(2x2 +3y 2 ) 2 2
54. xye dxdy = xe−2x ye−3y dxdy
0 0 0 0
Z ∞  Z ∞ 
−2x2 −3y 2
= xe dx · ye dy
0 0
!
 Z a  Z b
2
−3y 2
= lim xe−2x dx · lim ye dy
a→∞ 0 b→∞ 0
2 a
 ! 2
!
e−2x  e−3y 
= lim −  · lim −
4  6 

a→∞ b→∞
0
" 2
#! " 2
#!
−e−2a 1 −e−3b 1
= lim + · lim +
a→∞ 4 4 b→∞ 6 6
   
1 1 1
= · =
4 6 24

14.3 Evaluation of Double Integrals

1 x 1 x
1 1 6
Z Z Z Z Z Z
1 3 3  y
1. x3 y 2 dA = x3 y 2 dydx = x y  dx = x dx
R 0 0 0 3 0 3 0
1
1 7  1 x
= x  =
21 0 21

1 x
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 149

Z Z Z 2 Z 4−x Z 2 4−x
y

2. (x + 1)dA = (x + 1)dydx = (xy + y) dx
R 0 x 0 x
Z 2
= [(4x − x2 + 4 − x) − (x2 + x)]dx 4-x
0
Z 2
= (2x − 2x2 + 4)dx
0 x
 2
2 20
x − x3 + 4x  =
2

= x
3 0 3

Z Z Z 1 Z x2
3. (2x + 4y + 1)dA = (2x + 4y + 1)dydx y
R 0 x3
Z 1 x2 x2
2

= (2xy + 2y + y) dx x3
0 3 x
Z 1 x
= [(2x3 + 2x4 + x2 ) − (2x4 + 2x6 + x3 )]dx
0
Z 1  1
3 2 6 1 4 1 3 2 7 
= (x + x − 2x )dx = x + x − x 
0 4 3 7 0
1 1 2 25
+ − = =
4 3 7 84
Z Z Z 1Z x Z 1 x
xey dA = xey dydx = xey  dx

4. y
R 0 0 0 0
Z 1
= (xex − x)dx Integration by parts x
0
 1  
x x 1 2  1 1
= xe − e − x  = e − e − − (−1) = 1
2 2 2 x
0

Z Z Z 2 Z 8 Z 2 8
2 y
5. 2xydA = 2xydydx = xy  dx
R 0 x3 0 3 x
Z 2  2
1
(64x − x7 )dx = 32x2 − x8  = 96

=
0 8 0 x3

x
150 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1 3−x2 1 3−x2 y
√ 
Z Z Z Z Z
x −1/2
6. √ dA = xy dydx = 2x y  dx
R y −1 x2 +1 −1 x2 +1 x2+1
Z 1 p p 3
=2 (x 3 − x2 − x x2 + 1)dx
−1
1 3-x2
1 1
= 2[− (3 − x2 )3/2 − (x2 + 1)3/2 ]

3 3 −1 x
2 3/2 3/2 3/2 3/2
= − [(2 + 2 ) − (2 + 2 )] = 0
3
Z Z Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 1 y
y y 
7. dA = dxdy = ln(1 + xy) dy
R 1 + xy 1 + xy
Z0 0 0 0
1
1
= 1 ln(1 + y)dy = [(1 + y) ln(1 + y) − (1 + y)]|0
0
= (2 ln 2 − 2) − (−1) = 2 ln 2 − 1
1 x
y 2
Z Z Z 2 Z y2
Z 2 y
πx πx y πx 
8. sin dA = dxdy = − cos
sin dy
R 1y 0 y 1 x y 0 y2
Z 2
y y
= − cos πy + dy Integration by parts
1 π π
2
y 2 

y 1 x
= − 2 sin πy − 3 cos πy +
π π 2π 1
3π 2 − 4
   
1 2 1 1
= − 3+ − 3
+ =
π π π 2π 2π 3
Z Z p Z √3 Z x p Z √3 p x
y

9. x2 + 1dA = x2 + 1dydx = y x2 + 1 dx

R 0 −x 0  y=x
−x
√
Z 3 p p
= (x x2 + 1 + x x2 + 1)dx
0 x
Z √
3 √3
p 2 2 3/2

= 2x x2 + 1dx = (x + 1) 
3 y=-x
0 0
2 14
= (43/2 − 13/2 ) =
3 3
1
Z π/4 Z 1 Z π/4 y
1 π4
Z Z Z
1 2 
10. xdA = xdxdy = x  dy = (1 − tan2 y)dy
R 0 tan y 0 2  2 0 x=tany
tan y π/4
Z π4 π/4
1 1
(2 − sec2 y)dy = (2y − tan y)

=
2 0 2 0 1 x
1 π  π 1
= −1 = −
2 2 4 2
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 151

Z Z Z 4 Z 2 Z 2 Z 4
11. (x + y)dA = (x + y)dxdy + (x + y)dxdy
R 0 0 0 2
Z 4  2 Z 2 4
1 2  1 2 
= x + xy  dy +
 x + xy  dy
0 2 0 0 2 2
Z 4 Z 2
4 2
= (2 + 2y)dy + [(8 + 4y) − (2 + 2y)]dy = (2y + y 2 )0 + (6y + y 2 )0
0 0
= 24 + 16 = 40
Z Z Z 4 Z 4 Z 3 Z 3
12. (x + y)dA = (x + y)dxdy − (x + y)dxdy
R 0 0 1 1
Z 4  4 Z 3 3
1 2  1 2 
= x + xy  dy −
 x + xy  dy
0 2 0 1 2 1
Z 4 Z 3    
9 1
= (8 + 4y)dy − + 3y − + y dy
0 1 2 2
2 4 2 3
 
= (8y + 2y ) − (4y + y ) = 64 − (21 − 5) = 48
0 1
2
Z 3Z 2x−x Z 3
13. A = dydx = (2x − x2 + x)dx y
0 −x 0
 3 2x-x2
3 2 1 3  9
= x − x  =
2 3 0 2 x

-x

14. Using symmetry, y

y2
Z 1 Z 2−y 2 Z 1 1 
2 2 2 3  8
A=2 dxdy = 2 (2−y −y )dy = 2 2y − y  = . 2-y2
0 y2 0 3 0 3
x

Z 4 Z ex Z 4
4
15. A = dydx = (ex − ln x)dx = (ex − x ln x + x)|1 y
1 ln x 1
ex
= (e − 4 ln 4 + 4) − (e + 1) = e4 − e − 4 ln 4 + 3
4

lnx
10
4 x
152 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

y
Z 4 Z 4−x Z 4 √ 2
16. A = √
dydx = [4 − x − (2 − x) ]dx
0 (2− x)2 0
4 4
√
Z 
8 3/2 16
x − x2  =

= (4 x − 2x)dx = 4-x
0 3 0 3
(2-Mx)2

Z 1 Z −2x+3 Z 1
y
17. A = dydx = (−2x + 3 − x3 )dx
−2 x3 −2
-2x+3
 1
21 4  7 63
= −x + 3x − x  = − (−14) = x3
4 −2 4 4

y
18. Expressing y = −x2 + 3x and y = −2x + 4 as functions of
3 1√ 1
y, we have x = − 9 − 4y and x = 2 − y.
Z 2 Z 2−y/2 2 2 Z 2  2   2-y/2
y 3 1p
A= √
dxdy = 2 − − − 9 − 4y dy
0 3/2− 9−4y/2 0 2 2 2 3/2-1/2 M9-4y
 2  
1 1 1 1 27 13
y − y 2 − (9 − 4y)3/2  = − − −

= =
2 4 12 0 12 12 6 x

19. The correct integral is ( c). √

Z 2 Z √4−y2 Z 2  4−y 2 Z 2 p

V =2 (4 − y)dxdy = 2 (4 − y)x dy = 2 (4 − y) 4 − y 2 dy
−2 0 −2 0 −2
 p 2
y 1
= 2 2y 4 − y 2 + 8 sin−1 + (4 − y 2 )3/2  = 2(4π − (−4π)] = 16π

2 3 −2

20. The correct integral is (b).

14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 153

Z r Z √r2 −y2 Z r √r2 −y2

(r2 − y 2 )1/2 dxdy = 8 (r2 − y 2 )1/2 x

V =8 dy
0 0 0 0
Z r  r
3
y 
=8 (r − y )dy = 8 ry −
2 2
0 3 0
r3
   3
3 2r 16 3
=8 r − =8 = r
3 3 3

21. Setting z = 0 we have y = 6 − 2x. y

Z 3 Z 6−2x Z 3 6−2x

1 2 
V = (6 − 2x − y)dydx = 6y − 2xy − y  dx
0 0 0 2 0
Z 3  Z 3
1
= 6(6 − 2x) − 2x(6 − 2x) − (6 − 2x)2 dx = (18 − 12x + 2x2 )dx 6-2x
0 2 0
 3
2
= 18x − 6x2 + x3  = 18

3 0
x

22. Setting z = 0 we have y ± 2. y

 2
R3R2 R3 1 
V = 0 0
(4 − y 2 )dydx = 0
4y − y 3  dx =
3 0
R 3 16
0 3
dx = 16

1 1 y
23. Solving for z, we have x = 2 − x + y. Setting z = 0, we
2 2
see that this surface (plane) intersects the xy-plane in the
line y = x − 4. Since z(0, 0) = 2 > 0, the surface lies above
the xy-plane over the quarter-circular region. M4-x2
Z 2 Z √4−x2  
1 1
V = 2 − x + y dydx 2
0 0 2 2
Z 2 √4−x2
1 1 2 x
2y − xy + y 2 

= dx
0 2 4 0
Z 2 p 
1 p 1
= 2 4 − x2 − x 4 − x2 + 1 − x2 dx
0 2 4
 p 2
2 −1 x 1 2 3/2 1 3 
= x 4 − x + 4 sin + (4 − x ) + x − x 
2 6 12 0
 
2 4
= 2π + 2 − − = 2π
3 3
154 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

24. Setting z = 0 we have y = 3. Using symmetry, y

Z √3 Z 3 Z √3 3
1 2 
V =2 (3 − y)dydx = 2 (3y − y ) dx
0 x2 0 2  2 3
x
Z 3√  √3
9 2 1 4 9 3 1 5 
=2 ( − 3x + x )dx = 2 x−x + x  x2
0 2 2 2 10 0
√
√ √ √
 
9 9 24 3
=2 3−3 3+ 3 = .
2 10 5 x

25. Note that z = 1 + x2 + y 2 is always positive. Then y

Z 1 Z 3−3x Z 1 3−3x
2 2 2 1 3 
V = (1 + x + y )dydx = y+x y+ y  dx
0 0 0 3 0
Z 1
= [(3 − 3x) + x2 (3 − 3x) + 9(1 − x)3 ]dx 3-3x
0
Z 1
= (12 − 30x + 30x2 − 12x3 )dx
0
1 x
= (12x − 15x2 + 10x3 − 3x4 )0 = 4.

26. In the first octant, z = x + y is nonnegative. Then y

Z 3 Z √9−x2 Z 3 √9−x2
1
xy + y 2 

V = (x + y)dydx = dx
0 0 0 2 0
Z 3 p  3 M9-x2
2
9 1 2
= x 9 − x + − x dx
0 2 2
 3
1 9 1
= − (9 − x2 )3/2 + x − x3 

3 2 6 0
  3 x
27 9
= − − (−9) = 18.
2 2

27. In the first octant z = 6/y is positive. Then y

R 6 6x 5

R6R5 6 R 6 dy 6
V = 1 0 dxdy = 1  dy = 30
1 y
= 30 ln y|1 = 30 ln 6. 6
y y 0

5 x
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 155

28. Setting z = 0, we have x2 /4 + y 2 /16 = 1. Using symmetry, y

√
Z 2 Z 2 4−x2
1
V =4 (4 − x2 − y 2 )dydx
0 0 4 4
Z 2 2√4−x2
1 2M4-x2
(4y − x2 y − y 3 )

=4 dx
0 12 0
Z 2 p p 2
=4 [8 4 − x2 − 2x2 4 − x2 − (4 − x2 )3/2 ]dx
0 3
Trig substitution 2 x
 p
x 1 p x
= 4 4x 4 − x2 + 16 sin−1 − x(2x2 − 4) 4 − x2 − 4 sin−1
2 4 2
1 p x i2
+ x(2x2 − 20) 4 − x2 −4 sin 

12  2 0
16π 4π 4π
=4 − − − (0) = 16π.
2 2 2

29. Note that z = 4−y 2 is positive for |y| ≤ 1. Using symmetry, y

Z 2 Z √2x−x2 Z 2 √2x−x2
1 
V =2 (4 − y 2 )dydx = 2 (4y − y 3 )

dx 1 M2x-x2
0 0 0 3 
0
Z  p 
2 2
1 2
p
2
= 2 0 4 2x − x − (2x − x ) 2x − x dx x
3
Z 2 p
1 p
=2 (4 1 − (x − 1)2 − [1 − (x − 1)2 ] 1 − (x − 1)2 )dx
0 3
u = x − 1, du = dx
Z 1 p Z 1 p 
1 p 11 1 p
=2 [4 1 − u2 − (1 − u2 ) 1 − u2 ]du = 2 1 − u2 + u2 1 − u2 du
−1 3 −1 3 3
Trig substitution
 1
11 p 2
11 1 2
p
2
1 −1

=2 u 1−u + sin u + x(2x − 1) 1 − u + sin u 
6 6 24 24 −1
   
11 π 1 π 11 π 1 π 15
=2 + − − − = .
6 2 24 2 6 2 24 2 4
156 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

30. From z = 1 − x2 and z = 1 − y 2 we have 1 − x2 = 1 − y 2 or

y = x (in the first octant). Thus, the surfaces intersect in z

the plane y = x. Using symmetry,

Z 1Z 1 Z 1 1
2

1 3  1
V =2 1 − y dydx = 2 y − y  dx
0 x 0 3 x
Z 1 
2 1
=2 − x + x3 dx 1 y
0 3 3
 1 y=x
2 1 2 1 4  1 1
=2 x− x + x  = .
3 2 12 2 0

x
31. From z = 4−x−2y and z = x+y, we have 4−x−2y = x+y z
3
or x = 2 − y. 4
Z Z2
4/3 2−3y/2
V = [4 − x − 2y) − (x + y)]dxdy
0 0
2−3y/2
Z 4/3

2
= 4x − x − 3xy  dy
0  x=2-3y/2 y
0 2
Z 4/3 "  2   #
3 3 3
= 4(2 − y) − 2 − y − 3 2 − y y dy
0 2 2 2 x
Z 4/3  
9
= 4 − 6y + y 2 dy
0 4
 4/3
3 16
= 4y − 3y 2 + y 3 

=
4 0 9
32. Using symmetry, z
Z 3 Z √9−x2 Z 3 √9−x2
2 2 2 1 3  9
V =4 (9 − x − y )dydx = 4 [(9 − x )y − y ]
0 0 0 3 0
Z
8 3 2 3/2
= 0 (9 − x ) dx Trig substitution
3
3
8 x p 243 x 8 243 π 81π
= [− (2x2 − 45) 9 − x2 + sin−1 ] = ( )= .
3 8 8 3 3 8 2 0 2 y
x y=M 9-x2
33. From z = x2 and z = −x + 2 we have x2 = −x + 2 or x = 1 z
(in the first octant). Then
Z 5Z 1 Z 5 1
2 1 2 1 3 
V = (−x + 2 − x )dxdy = (− x + 2x − x ) dy
0 0 0 2 3 0
Z 5
7 35
= dy = .
0 6 6
y

x
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 157

34. From 2z = 4 − x2 − y 2 and z = 2 − y we have

z
4 − x2 − y 2 = 4 − 2y or x2 + (y − 1)2 = 1. We find
the volume in√the first octant and use symmetry.
Z 2 Z 1−(y−1)2   
1 2 1 2
V =2 2 − x − y − (2 − y) dxdy
0 0 2 2
√
Z 2  1−(y−1)2
1 1
− x3 − xy 2 + xy 

=2 dy
0 6 2 y
0
Z 2 x
1 3/2 1 2 p p
=2 − 1 − (y − 1)2 − y 1 − (y − 1)2 + y 1 − (y − 1)2 dy
0 6 2
Z 2 
1 2 3/2 1 2
p
2
=2 − [1 − (y − 1) ] + (2y − y ) 1 − (y − 1) dy
0 6 2
Z 2 
1 1
=2 − [1 − (y − 1)2 ]3/2 + [1 − (y − 1)2 ]3/2 dy
0 6 2
Z 2
2
= [1 − (y − 1)2 ]3/2 dy Trig substitution
3 0
 2  
2 y−1 2
p
2
3 −1
 2 3 π 3  π π
= − [2(y − 1) − 5] 1 − (y − 1) + sin (y − 1)  =  − − =
3 8 8 0 3 82 8 2 4
√
35. Solving x = y 2 for y, we obtain y = x. Thus,
y
2
Z 2Z y Z 4Z 2
f (x, y)dxdy = √
f (x, y)dydx.
0 0 0 x

x=y2

p √ x
36. Solving x = 25 − y 2 for y, we obtain y = ± 25 − x2 . y

Thus,
x=M25-y2
Z Z √
5 25−y 2 Z 5 Z √
25−x2
f (x, y)dxdy = √ f (x, y)dydx.
−5 0 0 − 25−x2 x x

37. Solving y = ex for x, we obtain x = ln y. Thus, y

Z 3 Z ex Z e3 Z 3
f (x, y)dydx = f (x, y)dxdy. y=ex
0 1 1 ln y

3 x
158 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

38. Solving x = 3 − y and x = y/2 for y, we obtain y = 3 − x y

and y = 2x. Thus,
Z 2 Z 3−y Z 1 Z 2x Z 3 Z 3−x x=y/2
f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx+ f (x, y)dydx.
0 y/2 0 0 1 0
x=3-y

√
39. Solving y = 3 x and y = 2 − x for x, we obtain x = y 3 and y
x = 2 − y. Thus,
√
Z 1 Z 3 x Z 2 Z 2−x Z 1 Z 2−y y=M
3
x
f (x, y)dydx+ f (x, y)dydx = f (x, y)dxdy.
0 0 1 0 0 y3
y=2-x

√ √ x
40. Solving x = y and x = 2 − y for y, we obtain y = x2
y
and y = 2 − x2 . Thus,
√ √
Z 1 Z y Z 2 Z 2−y Z 1 Z 2−x2
f (x, y)dxdy+ f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx.
0 0 1 0 0 x2
x=My

1
x=M2-y

y x
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z y Z 1
2
p p
2 1 3p 
41. x 1 + y 4 dydx = x 1 + y 4 dxdy =
x 1 + y 4  dy
0 x 0 0 0 3 0
y
Z 1 p  1
1 1 1
y 3 1 + y 4 dy = (1 + y 4 )3/2 

= 1
3 0 3 6 0 y=x
1 √
= (2 2 − 1)
18
x
Z 1 Z 2 Z 2 Z x/2 Z 2 x/2
−y/x −y/x −y/x 

42. e dxdy = e dydx = −xe y

0 2y 0 0 0 0
Z 2 Z 2 x=2y

= (−xe−1/2 + x)dx = (1 − e−1/2 )xdx

0 0
2 x
1 −1/2 2 
)x  = 2(1 − e−1/2 )

= (1 − e
2 0
14.3. EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS 159

Z 2 Z 4 Z 4 Z √
x √x Z 4 y
cos x3/2 dxdy = cos x3/2 dydx = y cos x3/2  dx

43. x=y2
0 y2 0 0 0 0
Z 4 4
√ 2 2
x cos x3/2 dx = sin x3/2  = sin 8

=
0 3 0 3 x

Z 1 Z √
1−x2 p Z p 1 Z √1−y2 y
44. x 1 − x2 − y 2 dydx = 2 2
√ 2 x 1 − x − y dxdy
−1
√
− 1−x2 −1 − 1−y
y=M1-x2
√
Z 1  1−y2
1
[− (1 − x2 − y 2 )3/2 ] √

= dy x
−13 2 − 1−y
y=-M1-x2
Z 1
1
=− (0 − 0)dy = 0
3 −1

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z y y Z 1
1 1 x  y
45. dydx = dxdy = dy
0 x 1 + y4 0 0 1 + y4
0 1+y 0
4 y=x
Z 1 1
y 1 −1 2 
 π
= 4
dy = tan y  =
0 1+y 2 0 8

Z 4 Z 2 Z 2 Z x2 Z 2  x2 y
x=My
p p p 
46. √
x3 + 1dxdy = x3 + 1dydx = y x3 + 1 dx
0 y 0 0 0 0
Z 2 2
p 2
x2 x3 + 1dx = (x3 + 1)3/2 

=
0 9 0
2 3/2 3/2 52
= (9 − 1 ) =
9 9
b
d b d
x2 y 
Z Z Z
1 1
47. fave = xydxdy =  dy x
A c a A c 2 
a
d 2 2
d
(b − a2 )y 2 
2

(b − a )y
Z
1 1
= dy =
A c 2 A 4 
c
1 (b2 − a2 )(d2 − c2 )
=
A 4
But A = (b − a)(d − c), so

(b2 − a2 )(d2 − c2 ) (b + a)(d + c)

fave = =
4(b − a)(d − c) 4
160 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z √
3 Z √9−3y2
1
48. fave = √ √ 9 − x2 − 3y 2 dxdy
A − 3 − 9−3y 2
√ √9−3y2
Z 3 3
1 x 
= √ 9x − − − 3y 2 x dy

A − 3 3  √ 2 − 9−3y
√
3
(9 − 3y 2 )3/2
Z  p 
1 2 2
p
2
= 9 9 − 3y − − 3y 9 − 3y
A −√3 3
(9 − 3y 2 )3/2
 p p 
− −9 9 − 3y 2 + + 3y 2 9 − 3y 2 dy
3
Z √3 p
9 − 3y 2 9 − 3y 2
 
1 2 2 2
= 9 − 3y 9 − − 3y + 9 − − 3y dy
A −√3 3 3
Z √3 p
1
= 9 − 3y 2 (12 − 4y 2 )dy
A −√3
√
" √ √ ! √ √ !# 3
1 12 3y p 9 3y 4 3y p 81 3y
= √ 9 − 3y 2 + sin−1 − √ (6y 2 − 9) 9 − 3y 2 + sin−1

A 2 2 3 3 8 9

3 3 3  √
− 3
√
27π 3
=
2A
49. Let S be the solid with base R and height described by the function f (x, y). The volume of
S is equal to the volume of the solid with base R and constant height fave .
Z Z Z dZ b Z d
1
50. (a) cos 2π(x + y)dA = cos 2π(x + y)dxdy = [sin 2π(b + y) − sin 2π(a + b)]dy
R c a 2π c
Z d
1
= [(sin 2πb cos 2πy + cos 2πb sin 2πy) − (sin 2πa cos 2πy + cos 2πa sin 2πy)] dy
2π c
Z d
1
= (S1 cos 2πy + C1 sin 2πy)dy
2π c
1 1
= 2
[S1 (sin 2πd − sin 2πc) − C1 (cos 2πd − cos 2πc)] = 2
(S1 S2 − C1 C2 )
Z Z 4π Z dZ b Z d 4π
1
sin 2π(x + y)dA = sin 2π(x + y)dxdy − [cos 2π(b + y) − cos 2π(a + y)]dy
R c a 2π c
Z d
1
=− [(cos 2πb cos 2πy − sin 2πb sin 2πy) − (cos 2πa cos 2πy − sin 2πa sin 2πy)]dy
2π c
Z d
1
=− (C1 cos 2πy − S1 sin 2πy)dy
2π c
1 1
= − 2 [C1 (sin 2πd − sin 2πc) + S1 (cos 2πd − cos 2πc)] = − 2 (C1 S2 + S1 C2 )
4π 4π
(b) If b − a = n is an integer, then b = a + n and
sin 2πb = sin 2π(a + n) = sin 2πa cos 2πn + cos 2πa sin 2πn = sin 2πa
cos 2πb = cos 2π(a + n) = cos 2πa cos 2πn − sin 2πa sin 2πn = cos 2πa.
14.4. CENTER OF MASS AND MOMENTS 161

RR R
In this case, S1 = 0 and C1 = 0, so R
cos 2π(x+y)dA = 0 and sinR sin 2π(x+y)dA =
0. Similarly, is d − c is an integer, the double integrals are zero.
(c) If both integrals are 0, then

0 = (S1 S2 − C1 C2 )2 + (C1 S2 + S1 C2 )2 = S12 S22 + C12 C22 + C12 S22 + S12 C22
= (S12 + C12 )(S22 + C22 ).

Thus, either S12 + C12 = 0, in which case S1 = C1 = 0, or S22 + C22 = 0, in which case
S2 = C2 = 0. Suppose S1 = C1 = 0, and b − a = k or b = a + k. We want to show that
k is an integer. Consider

S1 = sin 2πb − sin 2πa = sin 2π(a + k) − sin 2πa

= sin 2πa cos 2πk + cos 2πa sin 2πk − sin 2πa
C1 = cos 2πb − cos 2πa = cos 2π(a + k) − cos 2πa
= cos 2πa cos 2πk − sin 2πa sin 2πk − cos 2πa

S1 − C1 = (sin 2πa − cos 2πa) cos 2πk + (sin 2πa + cos 2πa) sin 2πk − (sin 2πa − cos 2πa)
= (sin 2πa − cos 2πa)(cos 2πk − 1) + (sin 2πa + cos 2πa) sin 2πk.
Since a is arbitrary we must have cos 2πk − 1 = 0 and sin 2πk = 0, which implies k is an
integer. Similarly, if S2 = C2 = 0, d − c must be an integer.
RR RR
51. By Problem 50 (a) we have Rk
cos 2π(x + y)dA = Rk
sin 2π(x + y)dA = 0 for k =
1, 2, · · · , n. Then
Z Z Z Z Z Z
cos 2π(x + y)dA = cos 2π(x + y)dA + · · · + cos 2π(x + y)dA = 0 + · · · + 0 = 0
R R1 Rn

and
Z Z Z Z Z Z
sin 2π(x + y)dA = sin 2π(x + y)dA + · · · + sin 2π(x + y)dA = 0 + · · · + 0 = 0.
R R1 Rn

Therefore by Problem 45 (c), at least one of the two sides of R must have integer length.

14.4 Center of Mass and Moments

Z 3 Z 4 Z 3 4 Z 3
1 2  y
1. m = xydxdy = x y  dy = 8ydy
0 0 0 2 0 0
3
3
4y 2 0 = 36

= x=4
Z 3Z 4 Z 3 4
2 1 3 
My = x ydxdy = x y  dy
0 0 0 3 0 x
Z 3 3
64 32 2 
= ydy = y  = 96
0 3 3 0
162 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 3 Z 4 Z 3 4
2 1 2 2 
Mx = xy dxdy = x y 
0 0 0 2 0
Z 3 3
8 
= 8y 2 dy = y 3  = 72
0 3 0
x = My /m = 96/36 = 8/3; y = Mx /m = 72/36 = 2. The center of mass is (8/3, 2).
Z 2 Z 4−2x Z 2 Z 2
2 2 4−2x
x2 (4 − 2x)dx

2. m = x dydx = x y0 dx = y
0 0 0 0
Z 2 2

4 3 1 4  32 8
= (4 − 22 − 2x3 )dx = x − x  = −8= 4
0 3 2 3 3
Z 2 Z 4−2x Z 3 4−2x 0 Z 2
x3 dydx = x3 y  x3 (4 − 2x)dx

My = dx = y=4-2x
0 0 0 0 0
Z 2  2
2
(4x3 − 2x4 )dx = x4 − x5 

=
0 5 0
64 16
= 16 − = 2 x
5 5 4−2x
Z 2 Z 4−2x Z 2 Z 2
1 2 2  1
Mx = x2 ydydx = x y  dx = x2 (4 − 2x)2 dx
0 0 0 2 0 2 0
2
1 2
Z Z 2 
2 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 1 5 
= (16x − 16x + 4x )dx = 2 (4x − 4x x )dx = 2 x −x + x 
2 0 0 3 5 0
 
32 32 32
=2 − 16 + =
15 15 15
32/15
x = My /m = 16/5 = 6/5; y = Mx /m = = 4/5.
8/3
The center of mass is (6/5, 4/5).

3. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with respect to y

the line x = 3, x = 3.
Z 3 Z 6−y Z 3 6−y
3

m= 2ydxdy = 2xy  x=6-y
x=y
0 y 0 y
Z 3 Z 3
= 2y(6 − y − y)dy = (12y − 4y 2 )dy
0 0 x
 3
4
= 6y 2 − y 3  = 18

3 0
Z 3 Z 6−y Z 3 6−y Z 3 Z 3
2y 2 dxdy = 2xy 2  2y 2 (6 − y − y)dy = (12y 2 − 4y 3 )dy

Mx = dxdy =
0 y 0 y 0 0
3 3 4
= (4y − y )0 = 27
y = Mx /m = 27/18 = 3/2. The center of mass is (3, 3/2).
14.4. CENTER OF MASS AND MOMENTS 163

y
4. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with respect to
3
the y-axis, x = 0. Using symmetry,
Z 3 Z y Z 3  y x=y
2 2 1 3 2 

m= (x + y )dxdy = x + xy  dy
0 0 0 3 0 x
Z 3  Z 3 3
1 3 4 1
y + y 3 dy = y 3 dy = y 4  = 27

=
0 3 3 0 3 0
Z 3Z y Z 3 y Z 3
4 3 4
 Z
1 3 1 4
(x2 y + y 3 )dxdy = x y + xy 3  dy = y + y 4 dy =

Mx = y dy
0 0 0 3 0 0 3 3 0
3
4 5  324
= y  =
15 0 5
324/5
y = Mx /m = = 12/5. The center of mass is (0, 12/5).
27

Z 1 Z x2 Z 1  x2 y
1 2 
5. m = (x + y)dydx = xy + y  dx y=x2
0 0 0 2 0
Z 1   1 1
1 1 4 1 7
x3 + x4 dx = x + x5  =

=
0 2 4 10 0 20
Z 1 Z x2 Z 1 x2
2 2 1 2  1 x
My = (x + xy)dydx = x y + xy  dx
0 0 0 2 0
Z 1   1
1 1 1 17
x4 + x5 dx = x5 + x6  =

=
0 2 5 12 0 60
Z 1 Z x2 Z 1 x2 Z 1  
2 1 2 1 3  1 5 1 6
Mx = (xy + y )dydx = xy + y  = x + x dx
0 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 3
 1
1 6 1 11
x + x7  =

=
12 21 0 84
17/60 11/84
x = My = m = = 17/21; y + Mx /m = = 55/147.
7/20 7/20
The center of mass is (17/21, 55/147).

Z 4 Z √
x Z 4 √x y
1 2 
6. m = (y + 5)dydx = ( y + 5y) dx 2 y=Mx
0 0 0 2 0
Z 4 4
√
 
1 1 2 10 3/2  92
= x + 5 x dx = x + x  = 3
0 2 4 3 0
4 x
Z 4 Z √x Z 4 √x
1 2 
My = (xy + 5x)dydx = xy + 5xy  dx
0 0 0 2 0
 4
1 3 224
x + 2x5/2  =

=
6 0 3
164 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 4 Z √
x Z 4  √x Z 4 
1 3 5 2  1 3/2 5
Mx = (y 2 + 5y)dydx = y + y  dx = x + x dx
0 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2
 4
2 5/2 5 2  364
= x + x  =
15 4 0 15
224/3 364/15
x = My /m = = 56/23; y = Mx /m = = 91/115.
92/3 92/3
The center of mass is (56/23, 91/115).

y
7. The density is ρ = ky. Since both the region and ρ are sym-
metric with respect to the y-axis, x = 0. Using symmetry, 1
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1 1−x2 Z y=1-x2
1 2 
m=2 kydydx = 2k y  dx = k 01 (1 − x2 )2 dx
0 0 0 2 0 1
1 x
Z 1
2 4 2 3 1 5 
=k (1 − 2x + x )dx = k(x − x + x )
0 3 5 0
 
2 1 8
=k 1− + = k
3 5 15
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1 1−x2 Z 1
2 1 3  2
Mx = 2 ky dydx = 2k y  dx = k (1 − x2 )3 dx
0 0 0 3 0 3 0
Z 1  1
2 2 3 1
(1 − 3x2 + 3x4 − x6 )dx = k x − x3 + x5 − x7 

= k
3 0 3 5 7 0
 
2 3 1 32
= k 1−1+ − = k
3 5 7 105
32k/105
y = Mx /m = = 4/7. The center of mass is (0,4/7).
8k/15

y
8. The density is ρ = kx. y=sin x
Z π Z sin x Z π sin x Z π
 1
m= kxdydx = kxy 
 dx = kx sin xdx
0 0 0 0 0

Integration by parts π x
π
= k(sin x − x cos x)|0 = kπ
Z π Z sin x Z sin x π
Z π
2 2
kx2 sin xdx Integration by parts

My = kx dydx = kx y 
 dx =
0 0 0 0 0
π
= k(−x2 cos x + 2 cos x + 2x sin x)0 = k[(π 2 − 2) − 2] = k(π 2 − 4)
Z π Z sin x Z π sin x
1 2

Mx = kxydydx = kxy  dx
0 0 0 2 0
Z π Z π
1 1
= kx sin2 xdx = kx(1 − cos 2x)dx
0 2 4
Z π Z π 0 
1
= k xdx − x cos 2xdx Integration by parts
4 0 0
14.4. CENTER OF MASS AND MOMENTS 165
π π
1 1 2  1 1 1 1
= k[ x  − (cos 2x + 2x sin 2x) ] = k( π 2 ) = kπ 2

4 2 0 4 0 4 2 8
k(π 2 − 4) kπ 2 /8
x = My /m = = π − 4/π; y = Mx /m = = π/8.
kπ kπ
The center of mass is (π − 4/π, π/8).
Z 1 Z ex Z 1  ex Z 1
3 1 4  1 4x y y=ex
9. m = y dydx = y  dx = e dx
0 0 0 4 0 0 4
1
1 4x  1 4
= e = (e − 1)
16 0 16
Z 1 Z ex  ex 1
Z 1
3 1 4 
My = xy dydx = xy  dx
0 0 0 4 0 1 x
Z 1
1 4x
= xe dx Integration by parts
0 4
 1  
1 1 4x 1 4x  1 3 4 1 1 4
= xe − e  = 4 16 e + 16 = 64 (3e + 1)
4 4 16 0
x
R 1 1 5 e
1
R 1 R ex 4 R 1 1 5x 1 5x  1 5
Mx = 0 0 y dydx = 0 y  dx = 0 e dx =
 e = (e − 1)
5 0 5 25 0 25
(3e4 + 1)/64 3e4 + 1 (e5 − 1)/25 16(e5 − 1)
x = My /m = 4
= 4
; y = Mx /m = 4 =
(e − 1)/16 4(e − 1) (e − 1)/16 25(e4 − 1)
4 5
3e + 1 16(e − 1)
The center of mass is ( 4 , ≈ (0.77, 1.76).
4(e − 1) 25(e4 − 1)
y
10. Since both the region and ρ are symmetric with
respect to the y-axis, x = 0. √Using symmetry,
Z 3 Z √9−x2 Z 3  9−x2 3
y=M9-x2
x2 dydx = 2 x2 y 

m=2 dx
0 0 0 0
Z 3 p
=2 x2 9 − x2 dx Trig substitution
0 3 x
 3
x p 81 x  81 π 81π
=2 (2x2 − 9) 9 − x2 + sin−1 = · = .
8 8 3 0 √ 4 2 8
Z 3 Z √9−x2 Z 3  9−x2 Z 3
2 1 2 2 
Mx = 2 x ydydx = 2 x y  dydx = x2 (9 − x2 )dx
0 0 0 2 0 0
3
1  162
= (3x2 − x5  =
5 0 5
162/5
y = Mx /m = = 16/5π. The center of mass is (0, 16/5π).
81π/8
166 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 1 Z y−y 2 y−y2 Z Z 1 1
2 2 2 y
(y − y 2 )2 y 2 dy

11. Ix = 2xy dxdy = x y  dy =
0 0 0 0 0
Z 1  1 1
1 5 1 6 1 7  1
= (y 4 − 2y 5 + y 6 )dy = y − y + y  = x=y-y2
0 5 3 7 0 105

x
Z 1 Z √
x Z 1 √x Z 1
1 2 3  1 y
12. Ix = x2 y 2 dydx = x y  dx = (x7/2 − x8 )dx y=x2
0 x2 0 3 x2 3 0
1 1 y=Mx
1 2 9/2 1 9  1
= ( x − x ) =
3 9 9 0 27
1 x

13. Using symmetry, cos x

y
Z π/2 Z cos x Z Z π/2 π/2
2 1 3  2 1
y=cos x
Ix = 2 ky dydx = 2k y  dx = k cos3 xdx
0 0 0 3  3 0
0
Z π/2 π/2 π/2 x
2 2 1 4
cos x(1 − sin2 x)dx = k(sin x − sin3 x)

= k = k.
3 0 3 3 0 9
2
√
4−x2 √4−x2 2
1 2
Z Z Z Z y
3 1 4
(4 − x2 )2 dx

14. Ix = y dydx = y  dx =
0 0 0 4 0 4 0 2
2 y=M4-x2
1 2
Z 
1 8 1
(16 − 8x2 + x4 )dx = 16x − x3 + x5 

=
4 0 4 3 5 0
   
1 64 32 2 1 64 2 x
= 32 − + =8 1− + =
4 3 5 3 5 15
√ √
 y
Z 4Z y Z 4
1 4 3/2 1 4 5/2 y
Z Z
1 3 
15. Iy = x2 ydxdy = x y  dy = y ydy = y dy
0 0 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4
 4
1 2 7/2  2 7/2 256
= y = (4 ) =
3 7 
0 21 21
x=My

2 x

Z 1 Z √
x Z 1 √x Z 1 y
x4 dydx = x4 y  (x9/2 − x6 )dx

16. Iy = dx = y=x2
0 x2 0 x2 0
1 1 y=Mx
2 11/2 1 7  3
=( x − x ) =
11 7 0 77
1 x
14.4. CENTER OF MASS AND MOMENTS 167

3 y
Z 1 Z 3 Z 1 x=y
(4x3 + 3x2 y)dxdy = (x4 + x3 y) dy

17. Iy = 1
0 y 0 y
Z 1
= (81 + 27y − 2y 4 )dy 3 x
0
 1
27 2 2 5  941
= 81y + y − y  =
2 5 0 10

y
18. The density is ρ = ky. Using symmetry, 1
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1 1−x2 Z 1 y=1-x2
2 1 2 2 
Iy = 2 kx ydydx = 2 kx y  dx = k x2 (1 − x2 )2 dx
0 0 0 2 0 0
Z 1 1 1 x
1 2 1 8k
(x2 − 2x4 + x6 )dx = k( x3 − x5 + x7 ) =

=k .
0 3 5 7 0 105

19. Using symmetry, y

Z a Z √a2 −y2 Z a √a2 −y2 Z a
1 2 
m=2 xdxdy = 2 x  dy = (a2 − y 2 )dy a y=Ma2-x2
0 0 0 2 0 0
a
1 2
= (a2 y − y 3 ) = a3 .

3 3 a x
√a2 −y2
0
Z a Z √a2 y2 Z a
1 a 2
Z
3 1 4 
Iy = 2 x dxdy = 2 x  dy = (a − y 2 )2 dy
0 0 0 4 0 2 0
a
1 a 4
Z
2 2 4 1 4 2 2 3 1 5 
 4 5
= (a − 2a y + y )dy = (a y − a y + y ) = a
2 0 s 2 3 5 0 15
r r
Iy 4a5 /15 2
Rg = = 3
= a
m 2a /3 5

R a R a−x R a a−x Ra
20. m = kdydx = 0 ky 0 dx = k 0 (a − x)dx = y
0 0 
a
1  1 a
k(ax − x2 ) = ka2 y=a-x
2 0 2
Z a Z a−x Z a a−x Z a
1 3  1
Ix = ky 2 dydx = ky  dx = k (a − x)3 dx
0 0 0 3 0 3 0 a x
Z a a
1 1 3 1 1
(a3 − 3a2 x − x3 )dx = k(a3 x − a2 x2 + ax3 − x4 ) = ka4

= k
3 0 s 3 2 4 0 12
r r
Ix ka4 /12 1
Rg = = = a
m ka2 /2 6

21. (a) Using symmetry,

168 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
√
b a2 −x2 /a
4b3 a 2
Z Z Z
a 2
Ix = 4 0 y dydx = 3 (a − x2 )3/2 dx x = a sin θ, dx = a cos θdθ
0 3a 0
Z π/2 Z π/2
4 4 1
= ab3 cos4 θdθ = ab3 (1 + cos 2θ)2 dθ
3 0 3 0 4
π/2
1 3 π/2
Z
1 1 1 3 3 1 1 
= ab (1 + cos 2θ + + cos 4θ)dθ = ab ( θ + sin 2θ + sin 4θ)
3 0 2 2 3 2 2 8 0
ab3 π
= .
4
(b) Using symmetry,
Z a Z b√a2 −x2 /a
4b a 2 p 2
Z
Iy = 4 x2 dydx = x a − x2 dx x = a sin θ, dx = a cos θdθ
0 0 a 0
Z π/2 Z π/2
1
= 4a3 b sin2 θ cos2 θdθ = 4a3 b (1 − cos2 2θ)dθ
0 0 4
Z π/2 π/2
3 1 1 3 1 1  a3 bπ
=a b (1 − − cos 4θ)dθ = a b( θ − sin 4θ) = .
0 2 2 2 8 0 4
p 1p 3 1
(c) Using m = πab, Rg = Ix /m = ab π/πab = b.
2 2
p 1p 3 1
(d) Rg = Iy /m = a bπ/πab = a
2 2
22. The equation of the ellipse is 9x2 /a2 + 4y 2 /b2 = 1 and the equation of the parabola is
y = ±(9bx2 /8a2 − b/2). Letting Ie and Ip represent the moments of inertia of the ellipse and
parabola, respectively, about the x-axis, we have
Z 0 Z b√a2 −9x2 2a Z 0
2 b3 a a
Ie = 2 y dydx = 3
(a2 − 9x2 )3/2 dx x = sin θ, dx = cos θdθ
−a/3 0 12a −a/3 3 3
0
b3 a4 b3 a 3π ab3 π
Z
= 3
cos4 θdθ = =
12a 3 −π/3 36 16 192
and Z
2a/3 Z b/2−9bx2 /8a2 3
2 2a/3 b
Z 
9b
Ip = 2 y 2 dydx = − 2 x2 dx
0 0 3 0 2 8a
3 Z 2a/3
 3 3 Z 2a/3
 
2b 9 2 b 27 2 243 4 729 6
= 1 − 2x dx = 1 − 2x + x − x dx
3 8 0 4a 12 0 4a 16a4 64a6
2a/3
b3 b3 32a 8ab3

9 3 243 5 729 7 
= x − 2x + x − x = = .
12 4a 80a4 64a6 
0 12 105 315
ab3 π 8ab3
Then Ix = Ie + Ip = + .
192 315
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 169

1 1 4
23. From Problem 20, m = ka2 and Ix = ka . y
Z a Z a−x 2 Z a−x12
a Z a
kx2 dydx = kx2 y  x2 (a − x)dx a

Iy = dx = k y=a-x
0 0 0 0 0
 4
1 3 1 4  1 4
=k ax − x  = ka
3 4 0 12 a x
1 4 1 1
I0 = Ix + Iy = ka + ka4 = ka4
12 12 6
1 3 1 3
24. From Problem 12, Ix = , and from Problem 16, Iy = . Thus, I0 = Ix + Iy = + =
27 77 27 77
158
.
2079
25. The density is ρ = k/(x2 + y 2 ). Using symmetry, y
Z √2 Z 6−y2 Z √2 6−y2 2
2 2 k x=6-y2
I0 = 2 (x + y ) 2 dxdy = 2 kx dy

2 x + y 2
0 y +2 0  2
6 x
y +2 x=y2+2
Z √
2  √2
2
(6 − y 2 − y 2 − 2)dy = 2k 4y − y 3 

= 2k
0 3 0
√
8√
 
16 2
= 2k 2 = k.
3 3
Z 3Z 4 Z 3 4
1 3 y
k(x2 + y 2 )dxdy = k x + xy 2  dy

26. I0 =
0 y 0 3 y x=y
Z 3  3
64 1
=k + 4y 2 − y 3 − y 3 dy
0 3 3
 3
64 4 3 1 4 
=k y + y − y  = 73k 4
3 3 3 0
x

1 1
27. From Problem 20, m = ka2 , and from Problem 21, I0 = ka4 .
s2 r 6
4
p ka /6 1
Then Rg = I0 /m = = a.
ka2 /2 3

28. Since the plate is homogeneous, the density is ρ = m/lw. Using symmetry,
Z l/2 Z w/2 w/2
4m l/2
Z 
m 2 2 2 1 3 
I0 = 4 (x + y )dydx = x y+ y  dx
0 0 lw lw 0 3 
0
l/2
4m l/2 w 2 w3 4m w 3 w3  4m wl3 lw3 l2 + w 2
Z     
= x + dx = x + x  = + =m .
lw 0 2 24 lw 6 24 0 lw 48 48 12

14.5 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates

170 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1. Using symmetry, 6
Z π/2 Z 3+3 sin θ 3+3 sin θ
Z π/2
1 2 
A=2 rdrdθ = 2 r  dθ
−π/2 0 −π/2 2 
0
Z π/2 Z π/x
= 9(1 + sin θ)2 dθ = 9 (1 + 2 sin θ + sin2 θ)dθ 3 polar
−π/2 −π/2 axis
 π/2
1 1 
= 9 θ − 2 cos θ + θ − sin 2θ 
2 4 −π/2
 
3π 3  π  27π
=9 − − =
22 2 2 2

2. Using symmetry,
Z π Z 2+cos θ Z 2+cos θ
π Z π
1 2  2
A=2 rdrdθ = 2 r  dθ = (2 + cos θ)2 dθ
0 0 0 2 0 0
Z π  π 3 polar
2 1 1  axis
= (4 + 4 cos θ + cos θ)dθ = 4θ + 4 sin θ + θ + cos 2θ 
0 2 4 0
   
π 1 1 9π
= 4π + + − = .
2 4 4 2

3. Solving r = 2 sin θ and r = 1, we obtain sin θ = 1/2 or

2
θ = π/6. Using symmetry,
Z π/6 Z 2 sin θ Z π/2 Z 1
A=2 rdrdθ + 2 rdrdθ
0 0 π/6 0
2 sin θ 1
π/6
Z Z π/2 Z π/6 Z π/2 1 polar
1 2  1 2 
=2 r  dθ + 2 r  dθ = 4 sin2 θdθ + dθ axis
0 2  π/6 2  0 π/6
0 0
 π π  π √3 π √
4π − 3 3
π/6
= (2θ − sin 2θ)|0 + − = − + =
2 6 3 2 3 6
Z π/4 Z 8 sin 4θ Z π/4  8 sin 4θ
1 π/4
Z
1 2 
4. A = rdrdθ = r  dθ = 64 sin2 4θdθ
0 0 0 2  2 0
0
 π/4
1 1 
= 32 θ− sin 8θ  = 4π polar
2 16 0 axis

5. Using symmetry,
Z π/6 Z 5 cos 3θ 5 cos 3θ
Z π/6  Z π/6
2
V =2 4rdrdθ = 4 r  dθ = 4 25 cos2 3θdθ polar
0 0 0  0 axis
0
 π/6
1 1  25π
= 100 θ+ sin 6θ  =
2 12 0 3
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 171

Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π 2
p 1
− (9 − r2 )3/2  dθ

6. V = 9 − r2 rdrdθ =
0 0 0 3 0
2π
√
2π(27 − 5 5)
Z
1 3/2 1 3/2
=− (5 − 27)dθ = (27 − 5 )2π = polar
3 0 3 3 axis

Z 2π Z 3 Z 2π 3
p 1 2 3/2 

7. V = 16 − r2 rdrdθ = − (16 − r )  dθ
0 1 0 3 1
2π
√ √
2π(15 15 − 7 7)
Z
1 1
=− (73/2 − 153/2 )dθ = (153/2 − 73/2 )2π = polar
3 0 3 3 axis

5
Z Z 5 √ Z 2π
1 3 
2 2
8. V = π r rdrdθ = r dθ
0 0 0 3 0
Z 2π
125 250π
= dθ = polar
0 3 3 axis

1+cos θ
Z π/2 Z 1+cos θ Z π/2
1 3 
9. V = (r sin θ)rdrdθ = r sin θ dθ

0 0 0 3  1
0
π/2
1 π/2
Z 
3 1 1 4 
 2
= (1 + cos θ) sin θdθ = − (1 + cos θ)  polar
3 0 3 4 0
axis

1 4 5
= − (1 − 2 ) =
12 4
10. Using symmetry,
Z π/2 Z cos θ Z cos θ π/2 
2 1
V =2 (2 + r )rdrdθ = r2 + r4  dθ

0 0 0 4 
0
Z π/2   Z π/2  
2 1 4 2 1 1 + cos 2θ 2 1
=2 cos θ + cos θ dθ = 2 cos θ + ( ) dθ polar
0 4 0 4 2 axis
Z π/2  
1 1 1
= 2 cos2 θ + + cos 2θ + cos2 2θ dθ
0 8 4 8
 π/2
1 1 1 1 1  19π
= θ + sin 2θ + θ + sin 2θ + θ + sin 4θ  = .
2 8 8 16 64 0 32
172 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

R π/2 1 2 3

 dθ = 1 k π/2 8dθ = 2kπ
R π/2 R 3 R
11. m = 0 1
krdrdθ = k
0
r
2 1  2 0
Z π/2 Z 3 Z π/2 Z 3 Z π/2 3
2 1 3 
My = kxrdrdθ = k r cos θdrdθ = k r cos θ dθ

0 1 0 1 0 3  3 polar
1
Z π/2 π/2 axis
1 26  26
= k 26 cos θdθ = k sin θ
 = k
3 0 3 0 3
26k/3 13
x = My /m = = .
2kπ 3π
Since the region and density function are symmetric about the ray θ = π/4, y = x = 13/3π and
the center of mass is (13/3π, 13/3π).

12. The interior of the upper-half circle is traced from θ = 0 1

to π/2. The density is kr. Since both the region and the
density are symmetric about the polar axis, y = 0.
cos θ 1 polar
π/2 cos θ π/2
k π/2
Z Z Z Z
2 1 3  axis
m= kr drdθ = k r  dθ = cos3 θdθ
0 0 0 3  3 0
0
 π/2 
k 2 1 2
 2k
= + cos θ sin θ =
3 3 3 0 9
Z π/2 Z cos θ cos θ
Z π/2 Z cos θ Z π/2
3 1 4 
My = k (r cos θ)(r)(rdrdθ) = k r cos θdrdθ = k r cos θ dθ

0 0 0 0 0 4 
0
Z π/2  π/2
k 5 k 2 3 1 5
 2k
= cos θdθ = sin θ − sin θ + sin θ  =
4 0 4 3 5 0 15
2k/15
Thus, x = = 3/5 and the center of mass is (3/5, 0).
2k/9

13. In polar coordinates the line x = 3 becomes r cos θ √ = 3 or

r = 3 sec θ. The angle of inclination of the line y = 3x is
π/3.
Z π/3 Z Z π/3 3 sec θ
3 sec θ 2 1 4 
m= 0 r rdrdθ = r  dθ
0 0 4 
0
81 π/3 4 81 π/3
Z Z
= sec θdθ = (1 + tan2 θ) sec2 θdθ 3 polar
4 0 4 0 axis
π/3
81 1 81 √ √ 81 √
(tan θ + tan3 θ)

= = ( 3 + 3) = 3
4 3 4 0 2
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 173

Z π/3 Z 3 sec θ Z π/3 Z 3 sec θ

My = xr2 rdrdθ = r4 cos θdrdθ
0 0 0 0
3 sec θ
π/3
243 π/3 5
Z Z
1 5 
= r cos θ dθ = sec θ cos θdθ

0 5  5 0
0
243 π/3 4 243 √ 486 √
Z
= sec θdθ = (2 3) = 3
5 0 5 5
Z π/3 Z 3 sec θ Z π/3 Z 3 sec θ 3 sec θ
Z π/3
2 4 1 5 
Mx = yr rdrdθ = r sin θdθ = r sin θ

0 0 0 0 0 5 
0
243 π/3 5
Z Z Z π/3
243 243
= sec θ sin θdθ = 0π/3 tan θ sec4 θdθ = tan θ(1 + tan2 θ) sec2 θdθ
5 0 5 5 0
π/3
243 π/3
Z 
243 1 1 243 3 9 729
(tan θ + tan3 θ) sec2 θdθ = tan2 θ + tan4 θ 

= = ( + )=
5 0 √ 5 2 4 0 5 2 4 4
486 3/5 729/4
x = My /m = √ = 12/5; y = Mx /m = √ =
√ 81 3/2 √ 81 3/2
3 3/2. The center of mass is (12/5, 3 3/2).

14. Since both the region and the density are symmetric about
the x-axis, y = 0. Using symmetry,
Z π/4 Z 4 cos 2θ Z π/4 4 cos 2θ
1 2 
m=2 krdrdθ = 2k r  dθ polar
0 0 0 2  axis
0
Z π/4 π/4
1 1
cos2 2θdθ = 16k( θ + sin 4θ)

= 16k = 2kπ
0 2 8 0
Z π/4 Z 4 cos 2θ Z π/4 Z 4 cos 2θ 4 cos 2θ
Z π/4
1 3 
My = 2 kxrdrdθ = 2k r2 cos θdrdθ = 2k r cos θ dθ

0 0 0 0 0 3 
0
Z π/4 Z π/4
128 128
= k cos3 2θ cos θdθ = k (1 − 2 sin2 θ)3 cos θdθ
3 0 3 0
Z π/4
128
= k (1 − 6 sin2 θ + 12 sin4 θ − 8 sin6 θ) cos θdθ
3 0
π/4
128 12 8
k(sin θ − 2 sin3 θ + sin5 θ − sin7 θ)

=
3 5 7 0
√ √ √ √ !
128 2 2 3 2 2 1024 √
= k − + − = 2k
3 2 2 10 14 105
√ √
1024 2/105 512 2
x = My /m = = .
2kπ √ 105π
The center of mass is (512 2/105π, 0) or approximately (2.20, 0).
174 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

15. The density is ρ = k/r.

Z π/2 Z 2+2 cos θ Z π/2 Z 2+2 cos θ 4 polar
k axis
m= rdrdθ = k drdθ
0 2 r 0 2
Z π/2
π/2
=k 2 cos θdθ = 2k(sin θ)|0 = 2k
Z 0π/2 Z 2+2 cos θ Z π/2 Z 2+2 cos θ Z 2+2 cos θ
k 1 
My = x rdrdθ = k r cos θdrdθ = k 0π/2 r2  cos θdθ
0 2 r 0 2 2 2
Z π/2 Z π/2
1
= k 2
(8 cos θ + 4 cos θ) cos θdθ = 2k (2 cos2 θ + cos θ − sin2 θ cos θ)dθ
2 0 0
π/2
1 1 π 2 3π + 4
= 2k(θ + sin 2θ + sin θ − sin3 θ)

= 2k( + ) = k
2 3 0 2 3 3
Z π/2 Z 2+2 cos θ Z Z 2+2 cos θ Z π/2 2+2 cos θ
k 1 2 
Mx = y rdrdθ = k r sin θdrdθ = k r  sin θdθ
0 2 r π/2 2 0 2 
2
Z π/2  π/2
1 1 4
(8 cos θ + 4 cos2 θ) sin θdθ = k −4 cos2 θ − cos3 θ 

= k
2 0 2 3 0
  
1 4 8
= k − −4 − = k
2 3 3
(3π + 4)k/3 3π + 4 8k/3 4
x = My /m = = ; y = Mx /m = =
2k 6 2k 3
The center of mass is ((3π + 4)/6, 4/3).

2
Z π Z 2+2 cos θ Z π 2+2 cos θ Z π
1 2 
16. m = krdrdθ = k r  dθ = 2k (1 + cos θ)2 dθ
0 0 0 2 0 0 4 polar
Z π axis
= 2k (1 + 2 cos θ + cos2 θ)dθ
0
 π
1 1 
= 2k θ + 2 sin θ + θ + sin 2θ  = 3πk
2 4 0
Z π Z 2+2 cos θ Z π Z 2+2 cos θ Z π 2+2 cos θ
1 3 
My = kxrdrdθ = k r2 cos θdrdθ = k r  cos θdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
Z π Z π
8 8
= k (1 + cos θ)3 cos θdθ = k (cos θ + 3 cos2 θ + 3 cos3 θ + cos4 θ)dθ
3 0 3 0
    π
8 3 3 3 1 1
θ + sin 2θ + (3 sin θ − sin3 θ) +

= k sin θ + θ + sin 2θ + sin 4θ 
3 2 4 8 4 32 0
 
8 15
= k π = 5πk
3 8
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 175

Z π Z 2+2 cos θ Z π Z 2+2 cos θ Z π 2+2 cos θ

1 3 
Mx = kyrdrdθ = k r2 sin θdrdθ = k r  sin θdθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
Z π Z π
8 8
= k (1 + cos θ)3 sin θdθ = k (1 + 3 cos θ + 3 cos2 θ + cos3 θ) sin θdθ
3 0 3 0
 π   
8 1 8 1 15 32
= k − cos θ − 32 cos2 θ − cos3 θ − cos4 θ  = k

− − = k
3 4 0 3 4 4 3
5πk 32k/3
x = My /m = = 5/3; y = Mx /m = = 32/9π. The center of mass is (5/3, 32/9π).
3πk 3πk

Z 2π Z a Z 2π Z a Z 2π a
1 4 2 
17. Ix = y 2 krdrdθ = k r3 sin2 θdrdθ = k r sin θ dθ
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 a polar
2π 2π axis
ka4 ka4 kπa4
Z 
1 1
sin2 θdθ =

= θ − sin 2θ  =
4 0 4 2 4 0 4

2π a Z 2π Z a
r3
Z Z
1
18. Ix = y 2
rdrdθ = sin2 θdrdθ
0 0 1 + r4 0 0 1+r
4
a polar
Z 2π a  2π
1 1 1 1 axis
ln(1 + r4 ) sin2 θdθ = ln(1 + a4 )
 
= θ − sin 2θ 
0 4 0 4 2 4 0
π
= ln(1 + a4 )
4

19. Solving a = 2a cos θ, cos θ = 1/2 or θ = π/3. The density a

is k/r3 . Using symmetry,
Z π/3 Z 2a cos θ Z π/3 Z 2a cos θ
2 k
2a polar
Iy = 2 x 3 rdrdθ = 2k cos2 θdrdθ axis
0 a r 0 a
Z π/3
= 2k (2a cos3 θ − a cos2 θ)dθ
0
 π/3
2 3 1 1 
= 2ak 2 sin θ − sin θ − θ − sin 2θ 
3 2 4 0
√ √ ! √
√ 3 π 3 5ak 3 akπ
= 2ak 3− − − = −
4 6 8 4 3

20. Solving 1 = 2 sin 2θ, we obtain sin 2θ = 1/2 or θ = π/12

and θ = 5π/12.
1 polar
axis
176 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 5π/12 Z 2 sin 2θ Z 5π/12 Z 2 sin 2θ

Iy = x2 sec2 θrdrdθ = r3 drdθ
π/12 1 π/12 1
Z 2 sin 2θ Z 5π12
5π/12 1 4 
= π/12 r  dθ = 4 sin4 2θdθ
4 1 π/12
 5π/12
3 1 1 
=2 θ − sin 4θ + sin 8θ 
4 4 32 π/12
" √ √ ! √ √ !# √
5π 3 3 π 3 3 8π + 7 3
=2 + − − − + =
16 8 64 16 8 64 16

21. From Problem 17, Ix = kπa4 /4. By symmetry, Iy = Ix .

Thus I0 = kπa4 /2.
a
polar
axis

Z π Z θ Z π θ
2 1 5 
22. The density is ρ = kr. I0 = r (kr)rdrdθ = k r dθ
0 0 0 5 0
π π
kπ 6
Z 
1 1 1
θ5 dθ = k θ6  =

= k 1 polar
5 0 5 6 0 30 axis

Z 3 Z 1/r
Z 3 Z 1/r
k
23. The density is ρ = k/r. I0 = r2 rdθdr = k f 2 dθdr
1 0 r 1 0
Z 3    3
1 1 2 
=k r2 dr = k r  = 4k
1 r 2 1
3 polar
Z π Z 2a cos θ 2a cos θ Z πZ π axis
2 1 4  4
24. I0 = r krdrdθ = k r  dθ = 4ka cos4 θdθ
0 0 0 4 0
 π0   4
3 1 1 3π 3kπa
= 4ka4 sin 4θ  = 4ka4

θ + sin 2θ + = 2a polar
8 4 32 0 8 2
axis
√
Z 3 Z 9−x2 p Z π Z
25. x2 + y 2 dydx = 03 |r|rdrdθ r=3
−3 0 0
Z π 3 Z π
1 3 
= r dθ = 9 dθ = 9π
0 3  0 0 3 polar
axis
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 177

√
2/2 Z √1−y2 π/4 1
y2 r2 sin2 θ
Z Z Z
26. p dxdy = rdrdθ
0 y x2 + y 2 0 0 |r| r=1
Z π/4 Z 1
= r2 sin2 θdrdθ
0 0 1 polar
1 axis
π/4
1 π/4 2
Z Z
1 3 2 
= r sin θ dθ = sin θdθ
0 3  3 0
0
π/4
1 1 1  π−2
= ( θ − sin 2θ) =
3 2 4 0 24

Z 1 Z √1−y2 Z π/2 Z 1 Z π/2

1
2 2 2 1 r2 
27. ex +y
dxdy = er rdrdθ = e  dθ
0 0 0 0 0 2  r=1
0
π/2
π(e − 1)
Z
1
= (e − 1)dθ =
2 0 4 1 polar
axis

√ √ √
Z x Z π−x2 Z π Z x
2 2
28. √
sin(x + y )dydx = (sin r2 )rdrdθ r=Mπ
− x 0 0 0
Z π √x
1 2
 Mπ polar
= − cos r  dθ
0 2 axis
0
1 π
Z
=− (−1 − 1)dθ = π
2 0
√ √
1 4−x2 2 4−x2
x2 x2
Z Z Z Z
29. √ dydx = dydx
0 1−x2 x + y2
2
1 0 x2 + y2 r=2
Z π/2 Z 2 2 2 1
r cos θ
= rdrdθ
0 1 r2
Z π/2 Z 2
2 polar
axis
= r cos2 θdrdθ
0 1
2
π/2
3 π/2
Z Z
1 2 
= r  cos2 θdθ = cos2 θdθ
0 2  2 0
1
 π/2
3 1 1  3π
= θ + sin 2θ  =
2 2 4 0 8
178 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 1 Z √2y−y2 r=csc θ
2 2
30. (1 − x − y )dxdy
0 0 r=2 sin θ
Z π/4 Z 2 sin θ Z π/2 Z csc θ
= (1 − r2 )rdrdθ + (1 − r2 )rdrdθ 1 polar
0 0 π/4 0 axis
Z π/4  2 sin θ Z π/2  csc θ
1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4 
= r − r dθ + r − r  dθ

2 4 2 4

0  π/4 
0 0
Z π/4 Z π/2  
1 1
= (2 sin2 θ − 4 sin4 θ)dθ + csc2 θ − csc4 θ dθ
0 π/4 2 4
    π/2
1 3 1 1 1 1
+ − cot θ − (− cot θ − cot3 θ) 

= θ − sin 2θ − θ − sin 2θ + sin 4θ
2 2 8 2 4 3 π/4
    
π 1 1 1 16 − 3π
= − + + 0− − + =
8 2 4 12 24

√
Z 5 Z 25−x2 Z π Z 5 5
r=5
31. (4x + 3y)dydx = (4r cos θ + 3r sin θ)rdrdθ
−5 0 0 0
Z π Z 5
5 polar
= (4r2 cos θ + 3r2 sin θ)drdθ axis
0 0
Z π  5
4 3 3

= r cos θ + r sin θ  dθ
0 3
Z π 0  π
500 500 
= cos θ + 125 sin θ dθ = sin θ − 125 cos θ  = 250
0 3 3 0

Z 1 Z √1−y2 Z π/2 Z 1 1
1 1 r=1
32. p dxdy = rdrdθ
0 0 1 + x2 + y 2 0 0 1 + r
Z π/2 Z 1 Z π/2 1 1 polar
1 
axis
= (1 − )drdθ = [r − ln(1 + r)] dθ

0 0 1+r 0 
0
Z π/2
π
= (1 − ln 2)dθ = (1 − ln 2)
0 2

t
Z ∞ Z ∞ Z π/2 Z ∞ Z π/2
2 −(x2 +y 2 ) −r 2 1 −r2 
33. I = e dxdy = e rdrdθ = lim − e  dθ
0 0 0 0 0 t→∞ 2 
0
Z π/2   Z π/2 √
1 2 1 1 π π
= lim − e−t + dθ = dθ = ; I =
0 t→∞ 2 2 0 2 4 2
14.5. DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES 179

Z Z Z π/2 Z 2 Z π/2 Z 2
34. (x + y)dA = (r cos θ + r sin θ)rdrdθ = r2 (cos θ + sin θ)drdθ
R 0 2 sin θ 0 2 sin θ
2
Z π/2 Z π/2
1 3  8
= r (cos θ + sin θ) dθ = (cos θ + sin θ − sin3 θ cos θ − sin4 θ)dθ

0 3  3 0
2 sin θ
 π/2
8 1 1 3 3
= ] sin θ − cos θ − sin4 θ + sin3 θ cos θ − θ +

sin 2θ 
3 4 4 8 16 0
  
8 1 3π 28 − 3π
= 1− − − (−1) =
3 4 16 6
35. The volume of the cylindrical portion of the tank is Vc = π(4.2)2 19.3 ≈ 1069.56m3 . We take
the equation of the ellipsoid to be
x2 x2 5.15 p
2
+ 2
= 1 or z = ± (4.2)2 − x2 − y 2 .
(4.2) (5.15) 4.2
The volume of the ellipsoid is

10.3 2π 4.2
 Z Z Z Z
5.15 p
Ve = 2 2 2 2
(4.2) − x − y dxdy = [(4.2)2 − r2 ]1/2 rdrdθ
4.2 R 4.2 0 0
" 4.2 #
10.3 2π 10.3 1 2π
Z  Z
1 2 2 2 3/2 
(4.2)3 dθ

= − [(4.2) − r ]  dθ =
4.2 0 2 3 0 4.2 3 0
2π 10.3
= (4.2)3 ≈ 380.53.
3 4.2
The volume of the tank is approximately 1069.56 + 380.53 = 1450.09m3 .
36. (a) With b > 2 we have
1 2π R
Z Z Z Z
r
IdA = b
dr u = r + c, du = dr
C 2 0 0 (r + c)
Z R+c Z R+c  2 R+c
u−c 1−b −b r −b r1−b 
= πa du = πa (u − cu )du = πa −c
c ub c 2−b 1 − b c
 2−b
c2 − b (R + c)2−b c(R + c)1−b
  
c
= πa − − πa −
b−2 b−1 b−2 b−1
 
πa 1 c
= − πa − .
(b − 1)(b − 2)cb−2 (b − 2)(R + c)b−2 (b − 1)(R + c)b−1
Z Z
πa
(b) lim I(r)dA =
R→∞ C (b − 1)(b − 2)cb−2
(c) Identifying a = 68.585, b = 2.351, and c = 0.248 in part b we find that the total number
of infections in the plane is approximately 741.25.

Z Z Z 2π Z R Z R
−r/d
37. (a) P = D(r)dA = D0 e rdrdθ = 2πD0 re−r/d dr
C 0 0 0
R
= 2πD0 (−dre−r/d − d2 er/d ) = 2πdD0 [d − (R + d)e−R/d ]

0
180 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

(b) Using
Z Z Z 2π Z R Z R
rD(r)dA = rD0 e−r/d rdrdθ = 2πD0 r2 e−r/d dr
C 0 0 0
R
= 2πD0 (−2d3 e−r/d − 2d2 re−r/d − dr2 e−r/d )

0
h i
2 2 2 −R/d
= 2πdD0 2d − (R + 2dR + 2d )e
we have
RR
rD(r)dA 2d2 − (R2 + 2dR + 2d2 )e−R/d
R RC =
C
D(r)dA d − (R + d)e−R/d
(c) Letting R −→ ∞ in the result of parts (a) and (b) we find that the total population is
2πd2 D0 and the average commute for the total population is 2d2 /d = 2d.

38. In the first case, let the circle centered at (D/2, 0) be described by the equation r = D cos θ
for −π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 and assume that the snow is plowed to the origin. Then
π/2 D cos θ π/2
D3
Z Z Z Z Z
rdA = r2 drdθ = (1 − sin2 θ) cos θdθ
R −π/2 0 3 0
3
π/2
4D3

2D 1
sin θ − sin3 θ 

= = .
3 3 0 9
In the second case, let the circle centered at the origin be described by the equation r = D/2
for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, and assume the snow is plowed to the origin. Then
2π D/2 D/2
πD3
Z Z Z Z
2 2π 3 
rdA = r drdθ = r  = .
R 0 0 3 0 12
3
4D /9 16
The ratio of these integrals is = ≈ 1.698, which means that plowing snow to one
πD3 /12 3π
point on the perimeter is approximately 69.8% more costly than plowing to the center.

14.6 Surface Area

1. Letting z = 0, we have 2x + 3y = 12. Using f (x, y) = z = y
1 3 1 3 29
3− x− y we have fx = − , fy = − , 1+fx2 +fy2 = . 4
2 4 2 4 16
Then
y=4-2x/3
Z 6 Z 4−2x/3 p √ Z 6
29 2
A= 29/16dydx = (4 − x)dx
0 0 4 0 3
√ 6 √ 6 x
29 1  29 √
= (4x − x2 ) = (24 − 12) = 3 29.

4 3  4
0
14.6. SURFACE AREA 181

2. We see from the graph in Problem 1 that the plane is

entirely above the region bounded by r = sin 2θ in the
1 3 r=sin 2 θ
first octant. Using f (x, y) = z = 3 − x − y we have
2 4
1 3 2 2 29
fx = − , fy = − , 1 + fx + fy = . Then
2 4 16 1
Z π/2 Z sin 2θ p √ sin 2θ polar
29 π/2 1 2 
Z
axis
A= 29/16rdrdθ = r  dθ
0 0 4 0 2 
0
√ Z π/2 √ π/2 √
29 2 29 1 1  29π
= sin 2θdθ = ( θ − sin 4θ) = .

8 0 8 2 8  32
0
√
3. Using f (x, y) = z = 16 − x2 we see that for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 y
and 0 ≤ y ≤ 5, z.0. Thus, the surface is entirely above the
x 5
region. Now fx = − √ , fy = 0, 1 + fx2 + fy2 =
16 − x2
x2 16
1+ 2
= and x=2
16 − x 16 − x2
Z 5Z 2 Z 5 2 Z 5
4 −1 x 
 π 10π
A= √ dxdy = 4 sin dy = 4 dy = .
0 0 16 − x 2
0 4 
0 0 6 3

2 x

4. The region in the xy-plane beneath the surface is bounded

by the graph of x2 + y 2 = 2. Using f (x, y) = z = x2 + y 2 r=M2
we have fx = 2x, fy = 2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4(x2 + y 2 ).
Then,
M2 polar
Z 2π Z √
2 Z 2π √2 axis
p 1
(1 + 4r2 )3/2  dθ

A= 1+ 4r2 rdrdθ =
0 0 0 12 0
Z 2π
1 13π
= (27 − 1)dθ = .
12 0 3

5. Letting z = 0 we have x2 + y 2 = 4. Using

f (x, y) = z = 4 − (x2 + y 2 ) we have fx = −2x, fy =
r=2
−2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4(x2 + y 2 ). Then
Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π 2
p 1 2 3/2 
 2 polar
A= 1+ 4r2 rdrdθ = (1 + 4r )  dθ axis
0 0 0 3 0
Z 2π
1 π
= (173/2 − 1)dθ = (173/2 − 1).
12 0 6
182 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

6. The surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and z 2 = x2 + y 2 intersect

on the cylinder 2x2 + 2y 2 = 2 or x2 + y 2 = 1. There are r=1
portions of the sphere within the cone p both above and be-
low the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = 2 − x2 − y 2 we have 1 polar
x y
fx = − p , fy = − p , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = axis
2−x −y 2 2 2−x −y 2 2
2
. Then
2 − x2 − y 2 "Z √ # 1
2π Z 1
2 √ Z 2π p 
A=2 √ rdrdθ = 2 2 2
− 2 − r  dθ
2−r 2
0 0 0 0
√ Z 2π √ √ √
=2 2 ( 2 − 1)dθ = 4π 2( 2 − 1).
0
p y
7. Using f (x, y) = z = 25 − x2 − y 2 we have
x y 5
fx = − p , fy = − p ,
2
25 − x − y 2 25 − x2 − y 2
25 x=M25-y2/2
1 + fx2 + fy2 = . Then
25 − x2 − y 2
Z 5 Z √25−y2 /2
5
A= p dxdy 3 x
0 0 25 − x2 − y 2
Z 5 √25−y2 /2 Z 5
−1 x  π 25π
=5 sin p dy = 5 dy = .

6 6

25 − y 2
0  0
0

8. In the first octant, the graph of z = x2 −y 2 intersects the xy-

plane in the line y = x. The surface is in the first octant for
x > y. Using f (x, y) = z = x2 − y 2 we have fx = 2x, fy =
r=2
−2y, 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 . Then

Z π/4 Z 2 Z π/4
2 2 polar
p 1 
axis
A= 2
1 + 4r rdrdθ = (1 + 4r2 )3/2  dθ

0 0 0 12 
0
Z π/4
1 π
= (173/2 − 1)dθ = (173/2 − 1).
12 0 48

9. There are portions of the sphere within the cylinder both

above and below the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = z = r=a sin θ
p x
a2 − x2 − y 2 we have fx = − p , fy =
1 − x2 − y 2
2

y a2
−p , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2 . Then, using a polar
a2 − x2 − y 2 a − x2 − y 2 axis
symmetry,
14.6. SURFACE AREA 183

" Z # a sin θ
π/2 Z a sin θ Z π/2 p
a 
A=2 2 √ rdrdθ = 4a 2
− a −r  2 dθ

0 0 a2 − r2 0 
0
Z π/2 p Z π/2
2 2
= 4a (a − a 1 − sin θ)dθ = 4a (1 − cos θ)dθ
0 0
π/2 π
= 4a (θ − sin θ)0 = 4a2 ( − 1) = 2a2 (π − 2).
2
2

10. There are portions of the cone within the cylinder both above and
1p 2 r=2 cos θ
below the xy-plane. Using f (x, y) = x + y 2 , we have fx =
2
x y 5
p , fy = p , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = . Then, using 2 polar
2
2 x +y 2 2
2 x +y 2 4 axis
symmetry,
" Z # 2 cos θ
√ Z π/2 1 2 
π/2 Z 2 cos θ
r
5
A=2 2 rdrdθ = 2 5 r  dθ
0 0 4 0 2 
0
π/2
√ Z π/2 √ √

2 1 1 
=4 5 cos θdθ = 4 5 θ + sin 2θ  = 5π.
0 2 4 0

11. There are portions of the surface in each octant with areas equal y
p to the
area of the portion in the first octant. Using f (x, y) = z = a2 − y 2
x=Ma2-y2
y a2
we have fx = 0, fy = p , 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 2 . Then
a2 − y 2 a − y2
a x
Z a Z √a2 −y2
a
A=8 p dxdy
0 0 a2 − y 2
√a2 −y2
Z a Z a
x 
= 8a dy = 8a dy = 8a2 .

p 
0 a2 − y 2 
0
0

From Example 1, the area of the portion of the hemisphere √with x2 + y 2 = b2 is 2πa(a −
12. √
a2 − b2 ). Thus, the area of the sphere is A = 2 lim 2πa(a − a2 − b2 ) = 2(2πa2 ) = 4πa.
b→a

13. The projection of the surface onto √ the xy-plane is shown z

r=Ma2-c12
in the graph. Using f (x, z) = y = a2 − x2 − z 2 we have
x z r=Ma2-c22
fx = − √ , fz = − √ , 1 + fx2 +
2 2
a −x −z 2 a − x2 − z 2
2
x
a2
fz2 = 2 . Then
a − x2 − z 2
√
Z 2π Z √a2 −c21 Z 2π p  a2 −C12
a 
A= √ 2 2 √ 2 rdrdθ = a − a2 − r2 √ dθ
0 a − r2
a −c2 2 02 a −c2
Z 2π
=a (c2 − c1 )dθ = 2πa(c2 − c1 ).
0
184 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

14. The surface area of the cylinder x2 + z 2 = a2 from y = c1 to y = c2 is the area of a cylinder
of radius a and height c2 − c1 . This is 2πa(c2 − c1 ).

15. The equations of the spheres are x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 + (z + a)2 = 1. Subtracting

these equations, we obtain(z − a)2 − z 2 = 1 − a2 or −2az + a2 = 1 − a2 . Thus, the spheres
intersect on the plane z = a − 1/2a. The region of integration is x2 + y 2 + (a − 1/2a)2 = a2
or r2 = 1 − 1/4a2 . The area is

Z 2π Z √1−1/4a2 √1−1/4a2
2 2 −1/r 2 2 1/2
A=a (a − r ) rdrdθ = 2πa[−(a − r ) ]

0 0 0
 
  1/2 ! " 2 #1/2
1 1
= 2πa a − a2 − 1 − 2 = 2πa a − a−  = π.
4a 2a

16. (a) Both states span 7 degrees of longitude and 4 degrees of latitude, but Colorado is larger
because it lies to the south of Wyoming. Lines of longitude converge as they go north, so the
east-west dimensions of Wyoming are shorter than those of Colorado.

p
(b) We use the function f (x, y) = R2 − x2 − y 2 to de-
scribe the northern hemisphere, where R ≈ 3960 miles
φ2
is the radius of the Earth. We need to compute the
surface area over a polar rectangle P of the form φ1 R
θ1 ≤ θ ≤ θ2 , R cos φ2 ≤ r ≤ R cos φ1 . We have
−x −y R
fx = p and fy = p θ1
2
R −x −y 2 2 2 2 2
s R −x −y θ2
q x2 + y 2
so that 1 + fx2 + fy2 = 1+ 2 =
R − x2 − y 2
R
√ .
R − r2
2
Thus

Z Z q Z θ2 Z R cos φ1
R
A= 1+ fx2 + fy2 dA = √ rdrdθ
P θ1 R cos φ2 R − r2
2
p R cos φ2
= (θ2 − θ1 )R R2 − r 2  = (θ2 − θ1 )R2 (sin φ2 − sin φ1 ).

R cos φ1

The ratio of Wyoming to Colorado is then

sin 45◦ − sin 41◦
≈ 0.941. Thus Wyoming is about 6%
sin 41◦ − sin 37◦
smaller than Colorado.
(c) 97,914/104,247 ≈ 0.939, which is close to the theoretical value of 0.941. (Our formula for the
area says that the area of Colorado is approximately 103,924 square miles, while the area of
Wyoming is approximately 97,801 square miles.
14.7. THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL 185

14.7 The Triple Integral

1
R4R2 R1 R4R2 1 2 
1. 2 −2 −1 (x + y + z)dxdydz = 2 −2 ( x + xy + xz) dydz
2 −1
R4R2 R4 2 2 R4 4
= 2 −2 (2y + 2z)dydz = 2 (y + 2yz) dz = 2 8zdz = 4z 2 2 = 48

−2

Z 3 Z x Z xy Z xy 3 Z Z x Z x
3
(24x2 y 2 − 48xy)dydx

2. 24xydzdydx = 24xyz  dydx = 1

1 1 2 1 1 2 1
Z 3 x Z 3
(8x2 y 3 − 24xy 2 ) dx = (8x5 − 24x3 − 8x2 + 24x)dx

=
1 1 1
 3
4 6 4 8 3 2 
 14 1552
= x − 6x − x + 12x  = 522 − =
3 3 1 3 3

Z 6 Z 6−x Z 6−x−z Z 6 Z 6−x 6−x Z 6

1 
3. dydzdx = (6z − xz − z 2 )
(6 − x − z)dzdx = dx
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Z 6  Z 6
1 2 1
= 6(6 − x) − x(6 − x) − (6 − x) dx = (18 − 6x + x2 )dx
0 2 0 2
 6
1
= 18x − 3x2 + x3  = 36

6 0

Z 1 Z 1−x Z Z 1 Z Z 1 Z 1−x
1−x √y
√
y 2 3 2 4
x2 y 2 dydx

4. 0 4x z dzdydx = x z  dydx =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 1 1−x
1 1 2 1 1 2
Z Z
1 2 3 
= x y  dx = x (1 − x)3 dx = (x − 3x3 + 3x4 − x5 )dx
0 3 0 3 0 3 0
 1
1 1 3 3 4 3 5 1 6  1
= x − x + x − x  =
3 3 4 5 6 0 180

y 2
Z π/2 Z y2 Z y Z π/2 Z y2 Z π/2
x x 2 x 
5. cos dzdxdy = y cos dxdy = y sin  dy
0 0 0 y 0 0 y 0 y
0
Z π/2
= y 2 sin ydy Integration by parts
0
π/2
= (−y 2 cos y + 2 cos y + 2y sin y)0 = π − 2

√ 2 √ √ 2
Z 2 Z 2 Z ex Z 2 Z 2 Z 2
x2 1 x2 
6. √
xdzdxdy = √
xe dxdy = e  (e4 − ey )dy
0 y 0 0 y 0 2 √
y
√2
1 1 √ √ 1 √ √
(ye4 − ey ) = [(e4 2 − e 2 ) − (−1)] = (1 + e4 2 − e 2 )

=
2 0 2 2
186 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Z 1 Z 1 Z 2−x2 −y 2 2−x2 y2 Z Z 1Z 1
1 Z 1
2 2
z
(xye2−x −y − xy)dxdy
z

7. xye dzdxdy = xye  dxdy =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 1 1 Z 1 
1 2−x2 −y2 1 2  1 1−y2 1 1 2−y2
= − ye − x y  dy = − ye − y + ye dy
0 2 2 0 0 2 2 2
 1  
1 1−y2 1 2 1 2−y2  1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
= e − y − e  = 4 − 4 − 4 e) − ( 4 e − 4 e = 4 e − 2 e
4 4 4 0

R 4 R 1/2 R x2 1 R 4 R 1/2 −1 y x2  R 4 R 1/2

8. 0 0 0
p dydxdz = 0 0
sin  dxdz = 0 0 sin−1 xdxdz Integration by parts
2
x −y 2 x 0
√ !
R4 −1
√
1/2 R 4 1π 3 π √
= 0 x sin x + 1 − x  dz = 0 2 
+ − 1 dz = + 2 3 − 4
0 26 2 3
Z Z Z Z 5 Z 3 Z y+2 Z 5Z 3
z
9. zdV = zdxdydz = 2xdydz
D 0 1 y 0 1 5
Z 5 3 Z 5 5
4zdz = 2z 2 0 = 50

= 2yz  dz =
0 1 0
3
y
x=y
3
x=y+2
x

10. Using
Z Z Zsymmetry, z
Z 2 Z 4 Z 4−y
4
(x2 + y 2 )dV = 2 2
(x + y )dzdydx 2
D 0 x2 0
Z 2 Z 4 4−y
2 2

=2 (x + y )z  dydx
0 x2
0 4
2 y
Z 2 Z 4 y=x2
2 2 2 3 x
=2 (4x − x y + 4y − y )dydx
0 x2
Z 2 4
1 2 2 4 3 1 4 
2
=2 (4x y − x y + y − y ) dx
0 2 3 4 x2
2
8 64 4 5 1 23, 552
= 2( x3 + x − x5 − x7 + x9 ) =

.
3 3 5 42 36 0 315
11. The other five integrals are z
R 4 R 2−x/2 R 4 R 4 R z R (z−x)/2
0 0 x+2y
f (x, y, z)dzdydx, 0 0 0 f (x, y, z)dydxdz,
R 4 R 4 R (z−x)/2 R 4 R z/2 R z−2y 4
f (x, y, z)dydzdx, 0 0 f (x, y, z)dxdydz,
R02 Rx4 R0 z−2y 0 z=2y

0 2y 0
f (x, y, z)dxdzdy.
z=x

2 y
x+2y=4
4
x
14.7. THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL 187

12. The √ other five integrals are z

R 3 R 36−4y2 /3 R 3
f (x, y, z)dzdxdy,
R03 R02 R √36−9x2 /21 3
f (x, y, z)dydxdz,
R 3 R 3 R √36−4y2 /3
1 0 0

f (x, y, z)dxdydz,
R 3 R 3 R √36−4y2 /3
1 0 0
y=M36-9x2 /2
f (x, y, z)dxdzdy,
R02 R13 R0√36−9x2 /2 3 y
f (x, y, z)dydzdx. 2
0 1 0 x=M 36-4y2 /3
R2R8 R4 R 8 R 4 R y1/3
13. (a) V = 0 x3 0 dzdydx (b) V = 0 0 0 dxdz x
R4R2R8
(c) V = 0 0 x2 dydxdz
√
14. Solving z = x and x + z = 2, we obtain x = 1, z = 1.
R 3 R 1 R 2−z R 1 R 2−z R 3
(a) V = 0 0 z2 dxdzdy (b) V = 0 z2 0
dydxdz
R 3 R 1 R √x R 3 R 2 R 2−x
(c)V = 0 0 0 dzdxdy + 0 1 0 dzdxdy

15. z 16. z
5
3

x=2-2z/3

4 y
2
3 y
x

3 x=M9-y2

The region in the first octant is

shown.

17. z 18. z
6

y=-M1-x2 2
y
2 y=M1-x2
x 2 y
2
y=M 4-x2
x
188 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

19. z 20. z

2 1

3 y

3
2 y
1 x
x

√
21. Solving x = y 2 and 4 − x = y 2 , we obtain x = 2, y = ± 2. z
5
Using symmetry,
√ √
Z 3 Z 2 Z 4−y 2 Z 3 Z 2
V =2 dxdydz = 2 (4 − 2y 2 )dydz
0 0 y2 0 0
√2 Z 3 √ x=y2 4 y
3 √
Z 
2 3  8 2
=2 4y − y  dz = 2 dz = 16 2.
0 3 0 0 3 x=4-y2
5
x
√ √ x+y
Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z x+y Z 2 Z 4−x2  z

22. V = dzdydx = z dydx


0 0 0 0 0 
0 2
Z 2Z
√
4−x2 √4−x2 Z 2
1 2 
= (x + y)dydx = xy + y  dx
0 0 0 2 0 2 y
Z 2 p   2
1 1 1
x 4 − x2 + (4 − x2 ) dx = − (4 − x2 )3/2 + 2x − x3 

= 2 y=M4-x2
0 2 3 6 0 x
   
4 8 16
= 4− − − =
3 3 3
z
23. Adding the two equations, we obtain 2y = 8. Thus, the
paraboloids intersect in the plane y = 4. Their intersection 2

is a circle of √
radius 2. Using symmetry, z=M4-x2
Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z 8−x2 −z2 2 8 y
V =4 dydzdx x
0 0 x2 +z 2
Z 2 Z √
4−x2 Z 2  √4−x2
2
(8 − 2x2 − 2x2 )dzdx = 4 2(4 − x2 )z − z 3 

=4 dx
0 0 0 3 0
Z 2
4
=4 (4 − x2 )3/2 dx Trig substitution
0 3
2
16 h x p x i
= − (2x2 − 20) 4 − x2 + 6 sin−1 = 16π.
3 8 2 0
14.7. THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL 189

24. Solving x = 2, y = x, and z = x2 + y 2 , we obtain the point z

(2,2,8). (2,2,8)
Z 2 Z x Z x2 +y2 Z 2Z x
V = dzdydx = (x2 + y 2 )dydx
0 0 0 0 0
Z 2 x Z 2 2
2 1 3  4 3 1 4  16
= (x y + y ) dx = x dx = x  = .
0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 2 y
2
x y=x
25. We are given ρ(x, y, z) = kz.
Z 8 Z 4 Z y 1/3 y1/3 Z 8 Z Z 8Z 4
4
y 1/3 zdzdy

m= kzdxdzdy = k xz  dzdy = k
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 8 4 Z 8  8
1 1/3 2  3
y 1/3 dy = 8k y 4/3  = 96k

=k y z  dy = 8k
0 2 0 0 4 0
Z 8 Z 4 Z y1/3 Z 8Z 4 y1/3 Z 8Z 4
2 2
y 1/3 z 2 dzdy

Mxy = kz dxdzdy = k xz  dzdy = k
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 4 8 Z 8  8
1 1/3 3  64 1/3 64 3 4/3 
=k y z  dy = k y dy = k y  = 256k
0 3 0 3 0 3 4 0
y 1/3
Z 8 Z 4 Z y1/3 Z 8Z 4 Z 8Z 4
y 4/3 zdzdy

Mxz = kyzdxdzdy = k xyz  dzdy = i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 4 8 Z 8  8
1 4/3 2  3 7/3  3072
=k y z  dy = 8k y 4/3 dy = 8k y  = 7 k
0 2 0 0 7 0
Z 8 Z 4 Z y1/3 Z 8Z 4 y1/3 Z 8Z 4
1 2  1
Myz = kxzdxdzdy = k x z dzdy = k y 2/3 zdzdy
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0
Z 8 4 Z 8  8
1 1 2/3 2  2/3 3 5/3  384
= k y z  dy = 4k y dy = 4k y = k
2 0 2 0 0 5 
0 5
384k/5 3072k/7 256k
x = Myz /m = = 4/5; y = Mxz /m = = 32/7; z = Mxy /m = = 8/3
96k 96k 96k
The center of mass is (4/5, 32/7, 8/3).

26. We use the form of the integral in Problem 14(b) of this section. Without loss of generality,
we take
Z 1ρZ=2−z
1. Z
3 Z 1 Z 2−z Z 1
m= dydxdz = 3dxdz = 3 (2 − z − z 2 )dz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0
1
1 2 1 3  7
= 3(2z − z − z ) =
2 3 0 2
Z 1 Z 2−z Z 3 Z 3 1
Z 1 Z 2−z
Z 2−z

Mxy = zdydxdz = yz  dxdz =
 3zdxdz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0 0 z2
Z 1 2−z Z 1  1
 2 3 2 1 3 1 4  5
=3 xz 
 dz = 3 (2z − z − z )dz = 3 z − z − z  =
0 z2 0 3 4 0 4
190 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1 2−z 33 1 2−z
9 1 2−z
Z Z Z Z ZZ Z
1 2 
Mxz = ydydxdz = y dxdz = dxdz
0 z2 0 0 z2 2 0 2 0 z2
1
9 1
Z
9 1 1  21
= (2 − z − z 2 )dz = (2z − z 2 − z 3 ) =
2 0 2 2 3 0 4
Z 1 Z 2−z Z 3 Z 1 Z 2−z 3 Z 1 Z 2−z

Myz = xdydxdz = xy  dxdz = 3xdxdz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0 0 z2
1 2−z 1
3 1
Z Z
1 2  3 1 1  16
=3 x  dz = (4 − 4z + z 2 − z 4 )dz = (4z − 2z 2 + z 3 − z 5 ) =
0 2 z 2 2 0 2 3 5 0 5
16/5 21/4 5/4
x = Myz /m = = 32/35, y = Mxz /m = = 3/2, z = Mxy /m = = 5/14.
7/2 7/2 7/2
The centroid is (32/35, 3/2, 5/14).

z
27. The density is ρ(x, y, z) = ky. Since both the region and
2
the density function are symmetric with respect to the xy- z=M4-x2
and yz-planes, x = z = 0. Using symmetry, √ 2 3 y
Z 3 Z 2 Z √4−x2 Z 3 Z 2  4−k2
 x
m=4 kydzdxdy = 4k yz  dxdy
0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 3 Z 2 Z 3 xp 2
−1 x 
p
= 4k 2
y 4 − x dxdy = 4k y 2
4 − x + 2 sin dy
0 0 0 2 2 0
Z 3  3
1 2 
= 4k πydy = 4πk y  = 18πk
0 2 0
Z 3 Z 2 Z √
4−x2√4−x2 Z 3Z 2 p Z 3 Z 2
2 2 
y 2 4 − x2 dxdy

Mxz = 4 ky dzdxdy = 4k y z dxdy = 4k
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 3  p 2 Z 3  3
2 x 2 −1 x  2 1 3 
= 4k y 4 − x + 2 sin dy = 4k πy dy = 4πk y  = 36πk.
0 2 2 0 0 3 0
36πk
y = Mxz /m = = 2. The center of mass is (0,2,0).
18πk

28. The density is ρ(x, y, z) = kz. z

Z 1 Z x Z y+2 Z 1 Z x y+2
1 2 
m= kzdzdydx = k z  dydx 2
0 x2 0 0 x2 2 0
Z 1Z x
1
= k (y + 2)2 dydx
2 0 x2
Z 1 x y=x y
1 1 3

= k (y + 2)  dx 1 y=x2
2 0 3 x2
Z 1 Z 1 x
1 1
= k [(x + 2)3 − (x2 + 2)3 ]dx = k [(x + 2)3 − (x6 + 6x4 + 12x2 + 8)]dx
6 0 6 0
 1
1 1 4 1 7 6 5 3
 407
= k (x + 2) − x − x − 4x − 8x  = k
6 4 7 5 0 840
14.7. THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL 191

Z 1 Z x Z y+2 Z 1 Z x y+2 Z 1Z x
2 1 3  1
Mxy = kz dzdydx = k z dydx = k (y + 2)3 dydx
0 x2 0 0 x2 3 0 3 0 x2
Z 1 x Z 1
1 1 1
(y + 2)4  dx = [(x + 2)4 − (x2 + 2)4 ]dx

= k k
3 0 4 x 2 12 0
Z 1
1
= k [(x + 2)4 − (x8 + 8x6 + 24x4 + 32x2 + 16)]dx
12 0
 1
1 1 5 1 9 8 7 24 32 3  1493
= k (x + 2) − x − x − − x − 16x  = k
12 5 9 7 5 3 0 1890
Z 1 Z x Z y+2 Z 1Z x  y+2 Z 1Z x
1 2  1
Mxz = kyzdzdydx = k yz  dydx = k y(y + 2)2 dydx
0 x2 0 0 x2 2 0 2 0 x 2
Z 1Z x Z 1 x
1 3 2 1 1 4 4 3 2 

= k (y + 4y + 4y)dydx = k y + y + 2y  dx
2 0 x2 2 0 4 3 x2
Z 1 
1 1 8 4 6 4
= k − x − x − 74x4 + x3 + 2x2 dx
2 0 4 3 3
 1
1 1 4 7 1 2 68
= k − x9 − x7 − x5 + x4 + x3  =

k
2 36 21 20 3 3 0 315
Z 1 Z x Z y+2 Z 1Z x y+2 Z 1Z x
1 2  1
Myz = kxzdzdydx = k xz  dydx = k x(y + 2)2 dydx
0 x2 0 0 x2 2 0 2 0 x2
Z 1 x Z 1
1 1 1
x(y + 2)3  dx = k [x(x + 2)3 − x(x2 + 2)3 ]dx

= k
2 0 3 x 2 6 0
Z 1
1
= k [x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 8x − x(x2 + 2)3 ]dx
6 0
 1
1 1 5 3 4 3 2 1 2  21
= k x + x + 4x + 4x − (x + 2)  = k
6 5 2 8 0 80
21k/80 68k/315
x = Myz /m = = 441/814, y = Mxz /m = = 544/1221,
407k/840 407k/840
1493k/1890
z = Mxy /m = = 5972/3663. The center of mass is (441/814,544/1221,5972/3663).
407k/840
√
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 8−y
29. m = √ (x + y + 4)dzdydx z
−1 − 1−x2 2+2y

y=-M1-x2
1 y
2
y=M1-x2
x
192 CHAPTER 14. MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

30. Both the region and the density function are symmetric with respect z
to the xy- and√ yz-planes. Thus,
Z 2 Z 1+z2 Z √1+z2 −y2 2
y=M1+x2
m=4 z 2 dxdydz.
−1 0 0 2 y
2

x
31. We are given ρ(x, y, z) = kz.
Z 8 Z 4 Z y1/3 Z y1/3
8 Z 4
2 2 1 3 3 

Iy = kz(x + z )dxdzdy = k ( x z + xz ) dzdy
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
Z 8Z 4  Z 8 4
1 1/3 3 1 2 1 1/3 4 
=k yz + y z dzdy = k yz + y z  dy
0 0 3 0 6 4 0
Z 8   8
8 4 2560
y + 64y 1/3 dy = k y 2 + 48y 4/3  =

=k k
0 3 3 3
0r √
p 2560k/3 4 5
From Problem 25, m = 96k. Thus, Rg = Iy /m = = .
96k 3
32. We are given ρ(x, y, z) = k.
Z 1 Z 2−z Z 3 Z 1 Z 2−z  3 Z 1 Z 2−z
1 3
k(y 2 + z 2 )dydxdz = k y + yz 2  dxdz = k (9 + 3z 2 )dxdz

Ix =
0 z2 0 0 z2 3 0 0 z 2

Z 1 2−z Z 1
(9x + 3xz 2 ) (18 − 9z − 3z 2 − 3z 3 − 3z 4 )dz

=k dz = k
0 z 2 0
 1
9 2 3 3 4 3 5 
 223
= k 18z − z − z − z − z  = k
2 4 5 0 20
Z 1 Z 2−z Z 3 Z 1 Z 2−z Z 1
m= kdydxdz = k 3dxdz = 3k (2 − z − z 2 )dz
0 z2 0 0 z2 0
 1
1 2 1 3  7
= 3k 2z − z − z  = k
r s2 3 0
r
2
Ix 223k/20 223
Rg = = =
m 7k/2 70
Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y
33. Iz = k (x2 + y 2 )dzdydx z
0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1−x
1
2 2
=k (x + y )(1 − x − y)dydx
0 0
Z 1Z 1−x 1 y
=k (x2 − X 3 − x2 y + y 2 − xy 2 − y 3 )dydx 1 y=1-x
0 0 x
Z  1 1−x
1 1 1
(x2 − x3 )y − x2 y 2 + (1 − x)y 3 − y 4 

=k dx
0 2 3 4 0
Z 1  1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 k
[ x2 − x3 + x4 + (1 − x)4 ]dx = k x6 − x4 + x5 − (1 − x)5  =

=k
0 2 2 12 6 4 10 60 0 30