Sesión 21

(iv) Movimiento circular

𝑆 = 𝜃𝑅
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝜃
𝑣= = 𝑅 = 𝜔𝑅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑 𝑑𝜃 𝑑" 𝜃
𝑎! = = * 𝑅+ = " 𝑅 = 𝛼𝑅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑣 " (𝜔𝑅)"
𝑎# = = = 𝜔" 𝑅
𝜌 𝑅

Nota 1: la aceleración tangencial cambia la magnitud de la velocidad

Nota 2: la aceleración normal cambia la dirección de la velocidad

𝜃
𝜌=𝑅
(3) Movimiento curvilíneo en coordenadas cilíndricas

(i) Movimiento curvilíneo en coordenadas polares (movimiento plano)

𝑟̅ = 𝑟𝑢3$
𝑑𝑟̅ 𝑑 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑢3$ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝑣̅ = = (𝑟𝑢3$ ) = 𝑢3$ + 𝑟 = 𝑢3$ + 𝑟 * + 𝑢3&
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 5
𝑑𝑡 678𝑑𝑡
%! %"

𝑣$ = 𝑟̇ ; 𝑣& = 𝑟𝜃̇
"
𝑣 = <(𝑣$ )" + (𝑣& )" = =(𝑣' )" + >𝑣( ?

𝑑𝑣̅ 𝑑 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝑎3 = = @ 𝑢3$ + 𝑟 * + 𝑢3& A
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑" 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑢3$ 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑑 𝑑𝜃
= "
𝑢3$ + . + * + 𝑢3& + 𝑟. @* + 𝑢3& A
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑" 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑑" 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑢3&
= "
𝑢
3 $ + @* + 𝑢
3 & A + * + 𝑢
3 & + 𝑟 C "
𝑢3& + . D
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑟̈ 𝑢3$ + 2𝑟̇ 𝜃̇𝑢3& + 𝑟>𝜃̈𝑢3& + 𝜃̇ " . −𝑢3$ ?
= >𝑟̈ − 𝑟𝜃
6HH7H ̇ " ? 𝑢3$ + >𝑟𝜃
H8 ̈ + 2𝑟̇ 𝜃̇ ? 𝑢3&
6HH7HH8
)! )"

"
𝑎 = <(𝑎$ )" + (𝑎& )" = <(𝑎! )" + (𝑎# )" = =(𝑎' )" + >𝑎( ?

𝑢)"

𝑎" 𝑎!
𝑢)!
𝑣!

𝑟̅

𝑣"

(ii) Movimiento curvilíneo en coordenadas cilíndricas

No lo vamos a explicar.
Ejercicio Hibbeler P12.78

𝑑𝑥 𝑑" 𝑥
𝑣' = = 10 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 → " = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑥"
+ 𝑦" = 1
4
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
. + 2𝑦. =0
2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥
(𝑣 ) + 2𝑦>𝑣( ? = 0
2 '
1 √3 5√3
(10) + 2 Q T 𝑣( = 0 → 𝑣( = − = −2.887 𝑚/𝑠
2 2 3
"
5√3
𝑣 = [10" + Q− T = 10.408 𝑚/𝑠
3

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥. + 4𝑦. =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑" 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑" 𝑦
. + 𝑥 Q "T + 4 C . + 𝑦 Q " TD = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
"
5√3 √3
(10)" + (1)(0) + 4 \Q− T + >𝑎( ?] → 𝑎( = −19.245 𝑚/𝑠
3 2

𝑎 = <0" + (−19.2459)" = 19.245 𝑚/𝑠

𝑣#

𝑣$ 𝑣

𝑎$
Ejercicio Bedford P13.90

Ojo: es más fácil resolver con componentes normal y tangencial

𝑘𝑚 250 𝑚
𝑣 = 100 = = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 → 𝑎! = 0; 𝑎# ≠ 0
ℎ 9 𝑠
𝑣 " (250/9)"
𝑎# = =
𝜌 𝜌
𝑦 = 0.0003𝑥 "
𝑑𝑦 𝑑" 𝑦
= 0.0006𝑥; " = 0.0006
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
-
𝑑𝑦 " "
C1 + *𝑑𝑥 + D -
[1 + (0.0006𝑥)" ]"
𝜌'*+,, = = = 1812.72 𝑚
𝑑" 𝑦 |0.0006|
c c
𝑑𝑥 "
𝑣 " (250/9)"
𝑎# = = = 0.426 𝑚/𝑠 "
𝜌 𝜌
𝑎 = <0" + (0.426)" = 0.426 𝑚/𝑠 "

… pero se puede resolver con coordenadas cartesianas

𝑦 = 0.0003𝑥 " = 𝐶𝑥 "
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 " " "
𝑑𝑥 "
= 2𝐶𝑥 → * + = 4𝐶 𝑥 * +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

" "𝑑𝑥 " 𝑑𝑦 " 𝑑𝑥 "

𝑣 = (𝑣' )" + >𝑣( ? = * + + * + = * + [1 + 4𝐶 " 𝑥 " ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
250 "
* + = (𝑣' )" [1 + 4(0.0003)" (400)" ] → 𝑣' = ⋯ ; 𝑣( = ⋯
9