Cálculos de Aviación

Regla 60 - 1

Tiempo = distancia ÷ ground speed: T = D ÷ GS

Distancia = tiempo x Ground speed: D = T x GS
Ground speed = distancia ÷ tiempo: GS = D ÷ T
Nautical miles por minuto = GS ÷ 60
Fahrenheit = Celsius x 1.8 + 32: f °= 1.8 C° + 32
Celsius = (Fahrenheit – 32) x 0.56: C° = (f °- 32) x 5/9
Temperatura Standard (ISA) = 15 C° - 2 x altitud /1000: ISA = 15° - 2A / 1000
Distancia arco DME = grados de arco x (2  R / 360)
Radio de Viraje = (velocity / 30) / 2 
El radio de un viraje estándar en NM: TAS / 200

TAS = IAS + (5 Kts por cada mil pies) + IAS

TAS = IAS + (2 % por cada mil pies) x IAS
TAS = FL / 2
TAS = Nº Mach x 600
NM / min. = TAS / 60
NM / min. = Nº Mach x 10
V/S = Angulo de cabeceo x TAS (NM / min.) x 100
V/S en APP de 3° de slope = (GS ÷ 2) x 10
V/S en APP de 2° ½ de slope = ((GS ÷ 2) x 10) - 100
Anticipo Radial/Arco = Radio de Viraje = TAS (MN/min.) -2 = MN
Anticipo Radial/Arco = Radio de Viraje = (TAS² (MN/min.)) / 10 = MN Anticipo
Anticipo Arco/Radial = (60 / DME) x Radio de Viraje = Radiales
Inclinación en el arco = (30 / DME) x Radio de Viraje = Grados
Distancia a volar en el Arco = (Nº de Radiales / (Rad / MN)) = MN

Pesos Estándar

1 galón Jet A = 6.75 lb. / 3.06 Kg.

1 litro Jet A = 1.8 lb. / 0.8 Kg.
1 galón Avgas = 6.0 lb / 2.72 Kg.
1 litro Avgas = 1.6 lb. / 0.719 Kg.
1 galon 50W oil = 7.5 lb. / 3.4 Kg.
1 quarto 50W oil = 1.875 lb. / 0.85 Kg.
1 litro 50W oil = 1.981 lb. / 0.898 Kg.
1 galón de agua = 8.33 lb.
1 galón de methanol = 6.62 lb.
1 pasajero = 170 lb.

Equivalencias

1 kilogramo = 2.2046 lb.

1 libra = .45395 Kg.
1 kilómetro = 0.62137 SM o 0.53996 NM
1 Milla Estatuta = 0.86898 NM o 1.6093 Km. o 5280 ft
1 Milla Náutica = 6076 ft
1 Milla Náutica = 1.15 SM o 1.852 Km.
1 Pie = 0.3048 mts
1 Metro = 3.2808 ft o 1.0936 yardas
Velocidad del Sonido = 741.4 MPH o 1087.4 ft / sec.

Tabla de conversión rápida

Nautical Miles…………...... Statute Miles………………………. 1.1508

Pies………………………………… 6076.1
Kilometros……………………….....1.852
Metros……………………………... 1852
Statute Miles……………… Nautical Miles……………………... 0.86898
Pies………………………………… 5280.0
Kilometros……………………….....1.6094
Metros……………………………... 1609.344
Metros…………………….. Pies………………………………… 3.2808
Yardas……………………………... 1.0936
Statute Miles………………………. 0.000621
Nautical Miles……………………... 0.000539
Kilometros………………… Statute Miles……………………..... 0.62136
Nautical Miles……………………... 0.53995
Pies………………………………… 3280.8
U.S. Gallons………………. Litros………………………………. 3.7854
AV Gas lb…………………………. 6.0
JET A lb…………………………… 6.75
JET A kg…………………………... 3.06
Oil lb………………………………. 7.5
Oil kg…………………………….... 3.4
U.S. Quarts………………... Litros……………………………..... 0.946335
Oil lb……………………………..... 1.875
U.S. Gallons……………………….. 0.25
Litros……………………… U.S. Quarts………………………… 1.0567
U.S. Gallons……………………….. 0.26417
AV Gas lb…………………………. 1.58
AV Gas kg……………………….... 0.719
JET A lb…………………………… 1.8
JET A kg…………………………... 0.8
Oil lb……………………………..... 1.9813
Oil kg……………………………….0.89871
U.S. Pound………………… Kilogramos……………………….....0.45359
Jet A Gallons………………………. 0.148148
Jet A Litros………………………… 0.55555
AV Gas Gallons…………………… 0.166667
AV Gas Liters………………………0.63291
Oil Gallons………………………… 1.33333
Oil Litros…………………………... 0.5047
Kilogramos………………….U.S. Pounds……………………….. 2.2046
Jet A Gallons………………………. 0.32904
Jet A liters………………………..... 1.25
AV Gas Gallons…………………… 0.36743
AV Gas Litros……………………... 1.3908
Oil Gallons………………………… 0.29395
Oil Quarts………………………….. 1.1758

Comunicaciones y Radio Ayudas

118.0 a 121.4 MHz Control de Tráfico Aéreo

121.5 MHz Emergencia, señales ELT
121.6 a 121.9 MHz Control de Superficie
122.00 MHz Enroute Flight Advisory Service
122.025 a 122.075 MHz Flight Service Station FSS
122.1 MHz FSS Receive only with VOR
122.125 a 122.175 MHz FSS
122.2 MHz FSS Common enroute simplex
122.225 a 122.675 MHz FSS
122.7 MHz Unicom, Uncontrolled Airports
122.725 MHz Unicom, Uncontrolled Airports
122.750 MHz Air to Air, Privates Airports, non-public
122.80 MHz Unicom, Uncontrolled Airports
122.85 MHz Air to Air, Privates Airports, non-public
122.90 MH Multicom at Airports with no Control
Tower or FSS, Temporary Emergency.
122.925 MHz Multicom Forestry Service
122.95 MHz Unicom at Airports with Control Tower
122.975 MHz Unicom, Uncontrolled Airports
123.0 & 123.050 MHz Unicom - Uncontrolled Airports
123.025 MHz Air to Air Helicopters
123.075 MHz Unicom, Uncontrolled Airports
123.10 MHz Temporary Control, search and rescue
123.15 a 123.575 MHz Flight Test
123.3 & 123.5 MHz Flight Schools Gliders, Hot Air Balloons
123.6 a 123.65 MHz FSS on the Airport
123.675 a 128.8 MHz ATC
128.825 a 132.0 MHz Aeronautical Enroute ARINC
132.05 a 135.95 MHz ATC

Ayudas de Navegación

190 a 544 kHz NDB’s, ILS compass locator

75 MHz Fan Markers, Z Markers, ILS Markers
108.1 a 111.9 MHz ILS Localizers – odd tenths
108.2 a 111.8 MHz VOR’s – even tenths
112.0 a 117.9 MHz VOR’s
NDB reception range

Compass locator
25 Watts…………………………………… 15 NM
MH 50 Watts……………………………... 25 NM
H 50 – 1999 Watts………………………… 50 NM
HH 2,000 + Watts………………………… 75 NM

Categoría de aproximación de aeronaves y radio en el circuito

CAT A 91kts o menos 1.3 millas

CAT B 91 a120 kts 1.5 millas
CAT C 121 a 140 kts 1.7 millas
CAT D 141 a 165 kts 2.3 millas
CAT E 166 kts o mas 4.5 millas