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Pobres, humildes y miserables en la Edad Media 

The Poor, the Humble and the Miserable in the Middle Ages 
G uillermo A ntonio G arcía

En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VI, núm. 12, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 199-204.
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de
México Distrito Federal, México

En-claves del Pensamiento,


ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X
dora.garcia@itesm.mx
en-claves.ccm@servicios.itesm.mx
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de
Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México
México
POBRES, HUMILDES Y MISERABLES 
EN LA EDAD MEDIA 

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EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204.
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EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204.
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EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204.

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