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3r° Semestre
GRUPO: EMAL-2001-B1-003
1.- ¿Qué se debe cumplir para aplicar la suma y resta a dos matrices?
Deben de tener la misma dimensión (deben de tener el mismo número de filas y de columnas).
a1 1 a1 2 b1 1 b1 2
2.- Se tiene las siguientes matrices A = y B = realiza la suma
a 21 a 22 b21 b22
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑏11 𝑏12 𝑎 + 𝑏11 𝑎12 +𝑏12
𝐴 + 𝐵 = [𝑎 𝑎22 ] + [ ] = [ 11 ]
21 𝑏21 𝑏22 𝑎21 + 𝑏21 𝑎22 +𝑏22
𝑐11 𝑐12
= [𝑐 ]
21 𝑐22
a1 1 a1 2
3.- Sea A = multiplícala por λ
a 21 a 22
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝑨 = [𝟒 𝟓] 𝑩 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟓 𝟐
𝟕 𝟖
Se pueden multiplicar ambas matrices ya que la primera es una matriz de 3x2 y la segunda 2x 3, por
lo tanto, el número de columnas de la primera equivale al mismo número de filas de la segunda,
obteniendo una matriz de 3x3.
3 0 0 1 0 0
𝐴 = [0 2 0] 𝐵 = [0 −1 0]
0 0 1 0 0 7
Las matrices son cuadradas con la misma dimensión y diagonales y, por tanto, el producto será una
matriz diagonal.
1 4 0
5 3 −4 −2
𝐴=[ ] 𝐵 = [−5 3 7]
8 −1 0 −3 0 −9 5
5 1 4
Se obtendrá una matriz de dimensión de 2x3
a1 1 a1 2 b1 1 b1 2
6.- Se tiene las siguientes matrices A = y B = realiza la multiplicación.
a 21 a 22 b21 b22
1 4 −4 7 5 −9 0 0
Sean las siguientes matrices A = −2 −2 , B = 0 1 , C = 3 0 y = 0 0 realice los
0 − 8 8 − 3 6 1 0 0
siguientes cálculos, si es posible, si no explique por qué.
1 A+B =B+A
A+B
Sumando A+B:
1 4 −4 7 1−4 4 + 7 −3 11
[−2 −2] + [ 0 1 ] = [−2 + 0 −2 + 1] [−2 −1 ]
0 −8 8 −3 0+8 −8 − 3 8 −11
B+A
Sumando B+A:
−4 7 1 4 −4 + 1 7 + 4 −3 11
[0 1 ] + [−2 −2] = [ 0 − 2 1 − 2 ] [−2 −1 ]
8 −3 0 −8 8 −3 − 8 8 −11
(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)
(A+B)+C
1 4 −4 7 5 −9 −3 11 5 −9
[−2 −2] + [ 0 1 ] + [3 0 ] = [−2 −1 ] + [3 0]
0 −8 8 −3 6 1 8 −11 6 1
−3 + 5 11 − 9 2 2
= [−2 + 3 −1 + 0 ] = [ 1 −1 ]
8 + 6 −11 + 1 14 −10
A+(B+C)
1 4 −4 7 5 −9
[−2 −2] + [ 0 1 ] + [3 0 ] =
0 −8 8 −3 6 1
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 3
Módulo 5
1 4 1 𝟒 1 4 −1 −4
[−2 −2] + (−𝟏 × [−2 −𝟐]) = [−2 −2] + ( 2 2)=
0 −8 𝟎 −𝟖 0 −8 0 8
1−1 4−4 0 0
[−2 + 2 −2 + 2] = [0 0] 𝑆𝐸 𝑂𝐵𝑇𝐼𝐸𝑁𝐸 𝑈𝑁𝐴 𝑀𝐴𝑇𝑅𝐼𝑍 𝑁𝑈𝐿𝐴
0+0 −8 + 8 0 0
4 B+Ɵ
5 C∙C
6 3∙(A+B)
1 4 −4 7 −3 11 −9 33
3 ∙ ([−2 −2] + [ 0 1 ]) = 3 ∙ [−2 −1 ] = [−6 −3 ]
0 −8 8 −3 8 −11 24 −33
1∙A+0∙C
1 4 5 −9 1 4 0 0 1 4
1 ∙ [−2 −2] + 0 ∙ [3 0 ] = [−2 −2] + [0 0] = [−2 −2]
0 −8 6 1 0 −8 0 0 0 −8
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 7 4 2
Sean las siguientes matrices A = 4 1 −6 , B = 3 −4 1 , C = −5 −2 −2 realice los
7 9 2 −1 −4 − 6 1 5 7
siguientes cálculos, si es posible, si no explique por qué.
1 A∙(B∙C) =(AB)∙C
A∙(B∙C)
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 4
Módulo 5
2 = −2 + 8 − 42 = −36
𝐶33 = [−1 −4 −6] × [−2] = −1(2) − 4(−2) − 6(7)
7
1 −3 6 −48 −63 −77 𝐶11 𝐶12 𝐶13
[4 1 −6] × [ 42 25 21 ] = 𝐶21 𝐶22 𝐶23
7 9 2 7 −26 −36 𝐶31 𝐶32 𝐶33
−48 −77
𝐶11 = [1 6] × [ 42 ] = 1(−48) − 3(42) + 6(7)
−3 𝐶23 = [4 −6] × [ 21 ] = 4(−77) + 1(21) − 6(−36)
1
7 −36
= −48 − 126 + 42 = −132 = −308 + 21 + 216 = −71
−63 −48
𝐶12 = [1 −3 6] × [ 25 ] = 1(−63) − 3(25) + 6(−26) 𝐶31 = [7 9 2] × [ 42 ] = 7(−48) + 9(42) + 2(7)
−26 7
= −63 − 75 − 156 = −294 = −336 + 378 + 14 = 56
−77 −63
𝐶13 = [1 −3 6] × [ 21 ] = 1(−77) − 3(21) + 6(−36) 𝐶32 = [7 9 2] × [ 25 ] = 7(−63) + 9(25) + 2(−26)
−36 −26
= −77 − 63 − 216 = −356 = −441 + 225 − 52 = −268
−48 −77
𝐶21 = [4 1 −6] × [ 42 ] = 4(−48) + 1(42) − 6(7) 𝐶33 = [7 9 2] × [ 21 ] = 7(−77) + 9(21) + 2(−36)
7 −36
= −192 + 42 − 42 = −192 = −539 + 189 − 72 = −422
−63
𝐶22 = [4 1 −6] × [ 25 ] = 4(−63) + 1(25) − 6(−26)
−26
= −252 + 25 + 156 = −71
−132 −294 −356
= [−192 −71 −71 ]
56 −268 −422
(AB)∙C
Primero se multiplica A*B
:
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 −17 −7 −48
[4 1 −6] × [ 3 −4 1 ] = [ 1 40 1 ]
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 11 −9 −66
5
−2 𝐶22 = [4 −6] × [−4] = 4(5) + 1(−4) − 6(−4)
1
𝐶11 = [1 −3 6] × [ 3 ] = 1(−2) − 3(3) + 6(−1) −4
−1 = 20 − 4 + 24 = 40
= −2 − 9 − 6 = −17 −9
5 𝐶23 = [4 1 −6] × [ 1 ] = 4(−9) + 1(1) − 6(−6)
𝐶12 = [1 −3 6] × [−4] = 1(5) − 3(−4) + 6(−4) −6
−4 = −36 + 1 + 36 = 1
= 5 + 12 − 24 = −7 −2
−9 𝐶31 = [7 9 2] × [ 3 ] = 7(−2) + 9(3) + 2(−1)
𝐶13 = [1 −3 6] × [ 1 ] = 1(−9) − 3(1) + 6(−6) −1
−6 = −14 + 27 − 2 = 11
= −9 − 3 − 36 = −48 5
−2 𝐶32 = [7 9 2] × [−4] = 7(5) + 9(−4) + 2(−4)
𝐶21 = [4 1 −6] × [ 3 ] = 4(−2) + 1(3) − 6(−1) −4
−1 = 35 − 36 − 8 = −9
= −8 + 3 + 6 = 1 −9
𝐶33 = [7 9 2] × [ 1 ] = 7(−9) + 9(1) + 2(−6)
−6
= −63 + 9 − 12 = −66
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 5
Módulo 5
−17 −7 −48 7 4 2
[ 1 40 1 ] × [−5 −2 −2]
11 −9 −66 1 5 7
7 4
𝐶11 = [−17 −7−48] × [−5] 𝐶22 = [1 40 1] × [−2] = 1(4) + 40(−2) + 1(5)
1 5
= −17(7) − 7(−5) − 48(1) = 4 − 80 + 5 = −71
= −119 + 35 − 48 = −132
4 2
𝐶12 = [−17 −7 −48] × [−2] 𝐶23 = [1 40 1] × [−2] = 1(2) + 40(−2) + 1(7)
5 7
= −17(4) − 7(−2) − 48(5) = 2 − 80 + 7 = −71
= −68 + 14 − 240 = −294 7
2 𝐶31 = [11 −9 −66] × [−5] = 11(7) − 9(−5) − 66(1)
𝐶13 = [−17 −7 −48] × [−2] 1
7 = 77 + 45 − 66 = 56
= −17(2) − 7(−2) − 48(7) 4
= −34 + 14 − 336 = −356 𝐶32 = [11 −9 −66] × [−2] = 11(4) − 9(−2) − 66(5)
7 5
𝐶21 = [1 40 1] × [−5] = 1(7) + 40(−5) + 1(1) = 44 + 18 − 330 = −268
1 2
= 7 − 200 + 1 = −192 𝐶33 = [11 −9 −66] × [−2] = 11(2) − 9(−2) − 66(7)
7
= 22 + 18 − 462 = −422
2 A∙(B+C)=A∙B+A.C
A∙(B+C)
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 7 4 2 11 33 2
[4 1 −6] × ([ 3 −4 1 ] + [−5 −2 −2]) = [18 24 −35]
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 1 5 7 17 11 −56
1 −3 6 −2 + 7 5 + 4 −9 + 2
[4 1 −6] × [ 3 − 5 −4 − 2 1 − 2 ]
7 9 2 −1 + 1 −4 + 5 −6 + 7
1 −3 6 5 9 −7
[4 1 −6] × [−2 −6 −1]
7 9 2 0 1 1
Para la multiplicación:
5 −7
𝐶11 = [1 −3 6] × [−2] = 1(5) − 3(−2) + 6(0) = 5 + 6 𝐶13 = [1 −3 6] × [−1] = 1(−7) − 3(−1) + 6(1)
0 1
= 11 = −7 + 3 + 6 = 2
9
𝐶12 = [1 −3 6] × [−6] = 1(9) − 3(−6) + 6(1) 5
| 𝐶21 = [4 1 −6] × [−2] = 4(5) + 1(−2) − 6(0)
= 9 + 18 + 6 = 33 0
= 20 − 2 = 18
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 6
Módulo 5
9 9
𝐶22 = [4 1−6] × [−6] = 4(9) + 1(−6) − 6(1) 𝐶32 = [7 9 2] × [−6] = 7(9) + 9(−6) + 2(1)
1 1
= 36 − 6 − 6 = 24 = 63 − 54 + 2 = 11
−7 −7
𝐶23 = [4 1 −6] × [−1] = 4(−7) + 1(−1) − 6(1) 𝐶33 = [7 9 2] × [−1] = 7(−7) + 9(−1) + 2(1)
1 1
= −28 − 1 − 6 = −35 = −49 − 9 + 2 = −56
5
𝐶31 = [7 9 2] × [−2] = 7(5) + 9(−2) + 2(0)
0
= 35 − 18 = 17
A∙B+A.C
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 1 −3 6 7 4 2
[4 1 −6] × [ 3 −4 1 ] + [4 1 −6] × [−5 −2 −2]
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 7 9 2 1 5 7
Multiplicando A x B:
−2 5
𝐶11 = [1 −3 6] × [ 3 ] = 1(−2) − 3(3) + 6(−1) 𝐶22 = [4 −6] × [−4] = 4(5) + 1(−4) − 6(−4)
1
−1 −4
= −2 − 9 − 6 = −17 = 20 − 4 + 24 = 40
5 −9
𝐶12 = [1 −3 6] × [−4] = 1(5) − 3(−4) + 6(−4) 𝐶23 = [4 1 −6] × [ 1 ] = 4(−9) + 1(1) − 6(−6)
−4 −6
= 5 + 12 − 24 = −7 = −36 + 1 + 36 = 1
−2
−9 𝐶31 = [7 9 2] × [ 3 ] = 7(−2) + 9(3) + 2(−1)
𝐶13 = [1 −3 6] × [ 1 ] = 1(−9) − 3(1) + 6(−6) −1
−6 = −14 + 27 − 2 = 11
= −9 − 3 − 36 = −48 5
𝐶32 = [7 9 2] × [−4] = 7(5) + 9(−4) + 2(−4)
−2 −4
𝐶21 = [4 1 −6] × [ 3 ] = 4(−2) + 1(3) − 6(−1) = 35 − 36 − 8 = −9
−1 −9
= −8 + 3 + 6 = 1 𝐶33 = [7 9 2] × [ 1 ] = 7(−9) + 9(1) + 2(−6)
−6
= −63 + 9 − 12 = −66
Multiplicando A x C:
7 7
𝐶11 = [1 −3 6] × [−5] = 1(7) − 3(−5) + 6(1) 𝐶21 = [4 1 −6] × [−5] = 4(7) + 1(−5) − 6(1)
1 1
= 7 + 15 + 6 = 28 = 28 − 5 − 6 = 17
4 4
𝐶12 = [1 −3 6] × [−2] = 1(4) − 3(−2) + 6(5) 𝐶22 = [4 1 −6] × [−2] = 4(4) + 1(−2) − 6(5)
5 5
= 4 + 6 + 30 = 40 = 16 − 2 − 30 = −16
2
2 𝐶23 = [4 1 −6] × [−2] = 4(2) + 1(−2) − 6(7)
𝐶13 = [1 −3 6] × [−2] = 1(2) − 3(−2) + 6(7) 7
7 = 8 − 2 − 42 = −36
= 2 + 6 + 42 = 50
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 7
Módulo 5
7 2
𝐶31 = [7 9 2] × [−5] = 7(7) + 9(−5) + 2(1) 𝐶33 = [7 9 2] × [−2] = 7(2) + 9(−2) + 2(7)
1 7
= 49 − 45 + 2 = 6 = 14 − 18 + 14 = 10
4
𝐶32 = [7 9 2] × [−2] = 7(4) + 9(−2) + 2(5)
5
= 28 − 18 + 10 = 20
Sumando las matrices obtenidas:
−17 −7 −48 28 40 50
[ 1 40 1 ] + [17 −16 −36] =
11 −9 −66 6 20 10
−17 + 28 −7 + 40 −48 + 50 11 33 2
[ 1 + 17 40 − 16 1 − 36 ] = [18 24 −35]
11 + 6 −9 + 20 −66 + 10 17 11 −56
3 (A + B)C = AC + BC
(A + B)C
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 7 4 2
(4 1 −6) + ( 3 −4 1 ) × (−5 −2 −2)
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 1 5 7
Sumando A + B:
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 1−2 −3 + 5 6 − 9 −1 2 −3
(4 1 −6) + ( 3 −4 1 ) = (4 + 3 1 − 4 −6 + 1) = ( 7 −3 −5)
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 7−1 9−4 2−6 6 5 −4
4 5 (AB) = (5A)B
5 (AB)
Multiplicando A x B:
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 8
Módulo 5
1 −3 6 −2 5 −9 −17 −7 −48
[4 1 −6] × [ 3 −4 1 ] = [ 1 40 1 ]
7 9 2 −1 −4 −6 11 −9 −66
Multiplicando 5 por la matriz obtenida:
−17 −7 −48 −85 −35 −240
5×[ 1 40 1 ]=[ 5 200 5 ]
11 −9 −66 55 −45 −330
(5A)B
Multiplicando 5 por la matriz A:
1 −3 6 5 −15 30
5 × [4 1 −6] = [20 5 −30]
7 9 2 35 45 10
Multiplicando la matriz obtenida por la matriz B:
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 9
3 3
𝑒11 = [−4 1] ∗ [5] = −4(3) + 5(5) + 1(0)
5 𝑒21 = [0 42] ∗ [5] = 0(3) + 4(5) + 2(0) = 0 + 20 + 0
0 0
= −12 + 25 = 13 = 20
−1 −1
𝑒12 = [−4 5 1] ∗ [ 6 ] = −4(−1) + 5(6) + 1(1) 𝑒22 = [0 4 2] ∗ [ 6 ] = 0(−1) + 4(6) + 2(1) = 24 + 2
1 1
= 4 + 30 + 1 = 35 = 26
1 1
𝑒13 = [−4 5 1] ∗ [4] = −4(1) + 5(4) + 1(2) 𝑒23 = [0 4 2] ∗ [4] = 0(1) + 4(4) + 2(2) = 16 + 4
2 2
= −4 + 20 + 2 = 18 = 20
1 6
7 1 4 𝑒11 𝑒12 𝑒13
2. 0
4
2 =[𝑒21 𝑒22 𝑒23 ]
−2 −3 5 𝑒31 𝑒32 𝑒33
3
19 −17 34
= [ 8 −12 20]
−8 −11 7
Para obtener:
7 4
𝑒11 = [1 6] ∗ [ ] = 1(7) + 6(2) = 7 + 12 = 19 𝑒23 = [0 4] ∗ [ ] = 0(4) + 4(5) = 0 + 20 = 20
2 5
1 7
𝑒12 = [1 6] ∗ [ ] = 1(1) + 6(−3) = 1 − 18 𝑒31 = [−2 3] ∗ [ ] = −2(7) + 3(2) = −14 + 6
−3 2
= −17 = −8
4 1
𝑒13 = [1 6] ∗ [ ] = 1(4) + 6(5) = 4 + 30 = 34 𝑒32 = [−2 3] ∗ [ ] = −2(1) + 3(−3) = −2 − 9
5 −3
7 = −11
𝑒21 = [0 4] ∗ [ ] = 0(7) + 4(2) = 8
2 4
1 𝑒33 = [−2 3] ∗ [ ] = −2(4) + 3(5) = −8 + 15
𝑒22 = [0 4] ∗ [ ] = 0(1) + 4(−3) = 0 − 12 5
−3 =7
= −12
¿Por qué crees que la división entre dos matrices no se haya definido ni siquiera como
una operación básica?, ¿Cómo definirías la división entre dos matrices?
Por qué no se puede realizar tal operación entre dos matrices, para poder dividir dos
matrices más bien se multiplican (se multiplica una matriz por la inversa de otra).
Se define como el producto del numerador multiplicado por la matriz inversa del
denominador.
1 Referencias
(s.f.). Recuperado el 15 de Febrero de 2020, de
http://departamento.us.es/edan/php/asig/LICBIO/LBM/Apuntes%20Tema1.pdf
UnADM | DCEIT | EM | 11