Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
&RORPELD
0ROHFXODUFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIDFFHVLRQVRI&DSHJRRVHEHUU\IURPVL[GHSDUWPHQWVRI
&RORPELD
0DUWKD/LOLDQD%RQLOOD%HWDQFRXUW.DWKHULQH(VSLQRVD3LHGUDKtWD$QGUpV0DXULFLR3RVVR7HUUDQRYD+HUQH\
'DUtR9iVTXH]$PDULOHV-DLPH(GXDUGR0XxR])OyUH]
)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV$JURSHFXDULDV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD$$3DOPLUD9DOOHGHO&DXFD&RORPELD$XWRU
SDUDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDMHPXQR]I#SDOPLUDXQDOHGXFRDPSRVVRW#SDOPLUDXQDOHGXFRKGYDVTXH]D#SDOPLUDXQDOHGXFR
5(& $&(37
5(680(1
/DWpFQLFD5$05DQGRP$PSOLÀHG0LFURVDWHOOLWHVVHXVySDUDHODQiOLVLVGHGLYHUVLGDGJHQpWLFDGHDFFHVLRQHVGHXFKXYDUHFROHFWDGDVHQVHLV
UHJLRQHVGH&RORPELD1DULxR9DOOHGHO&DXFD&DXFD&DOGDV4XLQGtR\&XQGLQDPDUFDSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODFROHFFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDG
1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELDVHGH3DOPLUD(ODQiOLVLVVHUHDOL]yVREUHORFLSROLPyUÀFRVREWHQLGRVFRQVLHWHFHEDGRUHVHQFRQWUiQGRVHEDMDGLYHUVLGDG
SDUDODVLQWURGXFFLRQHVGH1DULxR&DXFD4XLQGtR&DOGDV\&XQGLQDPDUFD/DSREODFLyQGHO9DOOHGHO&DXFDUHXQLyODPD\RUGLYHUVLGDGGHORV
PDWHULDOHVUHFROHFWDGRV
3DODEUDVFODYHV6RODQDFHDHORFLSROLPyUÀFRVFHEDGRUHV5$0
$%675$&7
7KH5$0·VWHFKQLTXH5DQGRP$PSOLÀHG0LFURVDWHOOLWHVZDVXVHGWRDVVHVVWKHJHQHWLFGLYHUVLW\RIDFFHVLRQVRI&DSHJRRVHEHUU\FROOHFWHGLQ
VL[UHJLRQVRI&RORPELD1DULxR9DOOHGHO&DXFD&DXFD&DOGDV4XLQGtRDQG&XQGLQDPDUFDSURSHUW\RIWKH1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI&RORPELD
DW3DOPLUD·VFDPSXVFROOHFWLRQ7KLVDQDO\VLVZDVEDVHGRQWKHGDWDIURPSRO\PRUSKLFORFLJHQHUDWHGZLWKVHYHQSULPHUV7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHG
KLJKJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHDPRQJDFFHVVLRQVIURP9DOOHGHO&DXFDDQGORZJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHDPRQJDFFHVVLRQVIURP1DULxR&DXFD4XLQGtR&DOGDVDQG
&XQGLQDPDUFDGHSDUWPHQWV
.H\ZRUGV6RODQDFHDH3RO\PRUSKLFORFLSULPHUV5$0
,1752'8&&,Ð1 SURFHVRVGHVHOHFFLyQPHMRUDPLHQWRJHQpWLFRRSURFH
(OJpQHUR3K\VDOLVVHHQFXHQWUDGLVWULEXLGRGHV VRVDJURLQGXVWULDOHV)LVKHUHWDO=LHWNLHZLF]
GH (VWDGRV 8QLGRV 0p[LFR \ &HQWUR $PpULFD KDVWD HWDOSURSXVLHURQXQQRYHGRVRPpWRGRGHPH
6XGDPpULFD \ ODV $QWLOODV FRQ SRFRV UHSUHVHQWDQWHV GLFLyQGHODGLYHUVLGDGJHQpWLFDHQSODQWDV\DQLPDOHV
QDWLYRVGHO9LHMR0XQGR/DPD\RUtDGHODVHVSHFLHVVH XWLOL]DQGRXQDWpFQLFDPROHFXODUTXHFRPELQDHOXVR
HQFXHQWUDQHQ0p[LFRFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRHOFHQWURGH GHFHEDGRUHVTXHFRQWLHQHQVHFXHQFLDVPLFURVDWpOLWHV
GLYHUVLGDGGHOJpQHUR3SHUXYLDQD/KDVLGRODHVSHFLH \XQH[WUHPRGHJHQHUDGR(VWDWpFQLFDFRPELQDORV
PiVXWLOL]DGDHQFXOWLYRVFRPHUFLDOHVSRUVXIUXWRD]X EHQHÀFLRVGHORVDQiOLVLVPLFURVDWpOLWHVFRQHODQiOLVLV
FDUDGR4XLUyV/DXFKXYDKDWHQLGRJUDQDXJH 5$3'5DQGRP$PSOLÀHG3RO\PRUSKLF'1$\VHKD
HQ ORV PHUFDGRV PXQGLDOHV GDGDV VXV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHQRPLQDGRPLFURVDWpOLWHVDPSOLÀFDGRVDOHDWRULDPHQWH
QXWULFLRQDOHV\GHIUXWDWURSLFDOH[yWLFDTXHODKDFHQ 5$0/DWpFQLFDVHEDVDHQODUHDFFLyQHQFDGHQDGHOD
OODPDUODIUXWDGHRUR)LVFKHUHWDO SROLPHUDVD3&5HOPpWRGRHVUHSURGXFLEOH\SHUPLWH
/DFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ\GRFXPHQWDFLyQGHODVLQWUR ODGHWHFFLyQGHSROLPRUÀVPRHQWUHHVSHFLHV\GHQWUR
GXFFLRQHVGHXQEDQFRGHJHUPRSODVPDSHUPLWHHYLWDU GH HOODV /RV PDUFDGRUHV REWHQLGRV SRU ORV 5$0 VH
GXSOLFDGRV H LGHQWLÀFDU DFFHVLRQHV SURPLVRULDV SDUD SXHGHQXVDUSDUDHVWXGLRVGHSREODFLRQHVQRUHTXLHUHHO
$&7$$*5213$/0,5$S
7DEOD$FFHVLRQHVGHXFKXYD3K\VDOLVSHUXYLDQD\HVSHFLHVUHODFLRQDGDVFDUDFWHUL]DGDVPROHFXODUPHQWH
$FFHVLyQ 2ULJHQ
8138813881388138813881388138
81388138 1DULxR
8138813881388138813881388138
8138813881388138813881388138
9DOOH
8138813881388138
8138
8138
81388138
4XLQGtR
8138813881388138813881388138
8138 &DXFD
813881388138
&XQGLQDPDUFD
8138813881388138 &DOGDV
(VSHFLHVUHODFLRQDGDV
0$57+$/,/,$1$%21,//$%(7$1&2857&$5$&7(5,=$&,Ð102/(&8/$5'($&&(6,21(6'(8&+89$
7DEOD&RQGLFLRQHVGH3&5SDUDORVFHEDGRUHVPLFURVDWpOLWHV5$0
&RQFHQWUDFLyQÀQDO
&HEDGRU &HEDGRU &HEDGRU
5HDFWLYR &HEDGRU*7 &HEDGRU&&$&$
$* &*$ 7*&7
%XIIHUGH7DT [ [ [ [ [
&HEDGRUX0
0J&/P0
7HPSHUDWXUDGH
KLEULGDFLyQ
&
$&7$$*5213$/0,5$S
1 9 4 0
SE
)LJXUD3DWUyQGHEDQGDVJHQHUDGRFRQHOFHEDGRU&*$HQDOJXQDVLQWURGXFFLRQHVGH
3K\VDOLVSHUXYLDQD//DOtQHD0UHSUHVHQWDHOPDUFDGRUGHSHVRPROHFXODUGHSE
1 ,QWURGXFFLRQHVGH1DULxR99DOOH44XLQGtR
,QWURGXFFLRQHVGHIUXWRURMRV
,QWURGXFFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOJpQHUR3K\VDOLV
8138
8138
8138
8138
1DULxR 8138
9DOOH 8138
8138
&XQGLQDPDUFD 8138
8138
4XLQGtR 8138
&DXFD 8138
8138
&DOGDV 8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138 )LJXUD'HQGURJUDPDGH
8138 ODHVWUXFWXUDJHQpWLFDGH
8138
8138 LQWURGXFFLRQHVGH3SHUXYLDQD
8138 /EDVDGRHQHOFRHÀFLHQWHGH
8138
8138
8138
VLPLOLWXGGH1HL/L\FDOFXODGR
8138 $ GHORVGDWRVFRPELQDGRVGHORV
8138 VLHWHFHEDGRUHVPLFURVDWpOLWHV
8138
8138 5$0FRQHOPpWRGRGH
8138
8138 % FODVLÀFDFLyQ83*0$
8138 & XWLOL]DQGRORVSURJUDPDV6$+1
8138 '
8138 \75((GH176<6SFYHUVLyQ
([HWHU6RIWZDUH6HWDXNHW
&RHILFLHQWH GH VLPLOLWXG 1<86$
0$57+$/,/,$1$%21,//$%(7$1&2857&$5$&7(5,=$&,Ð102/(&8/$5'($&&(6,21(6'(8&+89$
)LJXUD'HQGURJUDPDGHODHVWUXFWXUDJHQpWLFDGHLQWURGXFFLRQHVGHOJpQHUR3K\VDOLVEDVDGRHQHOFRHÀFLHQWH
GHVLPLOLWXGGH1HL/L\FDOFXODGRGHORVGDWRVFRPELQDGRVGHORVVLHWHFHEDGRUHVPLFURVDWpOLWHV5$0FRQHOPpWRGR
GHFODVLÀFDFLyQ83*0$XWLOL]DQGRORVSURJUDPDV6$+1\75((GH176<6SFYHUVLyQ([HWHU6RIWZDUH
6HWDXNHW1<86$(OJUXSR$FRUUHVSRQGHD3K\VDOLVSHUXYLDQD\HOJUXSR%DHVSHFLHVUHODFLRQDGDVGH3K\VDOLV
$&7$$*5213$/0,5$S
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138
8138 )LJ'HQGURJUDPDGH
ODHVWUXFWXUDJHQpWLFD
8138
GHODVLQWURGXFFLRQHV
8138 FROHFWDGDVHQHO
8138 GHSDUWDPHQWRGHO
8138 9DOOHGHO&DXFDEDVDGR
HQHOFRHÀFLHQWHGH
8138
VLPLOLWXGGH1HL/L\
8138 FDOFXODGRFRQORVGDWRV
8138 FRPELQDGRVGHORVVLHWH
8138
FHEDGRUHVPLFURVDWpOLWHV
5$0FRQHOPpWRGRGH
8138
FODVLÀFDFLyQ83*0$
8138 XVDQGRORVSURJUDPDV
8138 6$+1\75((GH
176<6SFYHUVLyQ
([HWHU6RIWZDUH
&RHIILFLHQW
6HWDXNHW1<86$
0$57+$/,/,$1$%21,//$%(7$1&2857&$5$&7(5,=$&,Ð102/(&8/$5'($&&(6,21(6'(8&+89$
'P $*5$'(&,0,(1726
/DLQIRUPDFLyQKDFHSDUWHGHOWUDEDMRGHJUDGRGH
,QJ$JUGH0%RQLOOD%\.(VSLQRVD3ÀQDQFLDGR
SRUOD'LUHFFLyQGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG
1DFLRQDO VHGH 3DOPLUD ',3$/ /RV DXWRUHV H[SUH
VDQ VXV DJUDGHFLPLHQWRV DO ,QVWLWXWR $OH[DQGHU YRQ
+XPEROGWDOODERUDWRULRGH)LWRSDWRORJtDGH)UtMROGHO
&,$7\DORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHO/DERUDWRULRGH%LRORJtD
0ROHFXODU GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO GH &RORPELD
VHGH3DOPLUD
%,%/,2*5$)Ì$
%RQLOOD 0 (VSLQRVD . 3RVVR$9iVTXH] + 0XxR] -
'P
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQPRUIROyJLFDGHDFFHVLRQHVGHXFKX
'P YDGHO%DQFRGH*HUPRSODVPDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH
&RORPELDVHGH3DOPLUD$FWD$JURQ3DOPLUD
)LJ$QiOLVLVGHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDP~OWLSOHH[SOLFDGRSDUD 'HOODSRUWD 6 / :RRG - +LFNV - % $ SODQW '1$
ODVLQWURGXFFLRQHVFROHFWDGDVHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO9DOOHGHO PLQLSUHSDUDWLRQ9HUVLyQ,,3ODQW0ROHF%LRO5HS
&DXFD )LVFKHU*)OyUH]5ÉQJHO'6RUD53URGXFFLyQ
,QWURGXFFLRQHV81388138813881388138
SRVFRVHFKD\H[SRUWDFLyQGHODXFKXYD3K\VDOLVSHUXYLDQD/
81388138813881388138\8138
8138\8138
8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO GH &RORPELD VHGH 6DQWDIp GH %RJRWi
8138\8138)UXWRURMR S
8138 +DQWXOD-'XVDEHQ\DJDVDQL0+DPHOLQ5&5DQGRQ
$PSOLÀHG0LFURVDWHOOLWHV5$0DQRYHOPHWKRGIRUFKDUDFWH
GH&DXFD&XQGLQDPDUFD1DULxR&DOGDV\DOJXQDVGHO UL]LQJJHQHWLFYDULDWLRQZLWKLQIXQJL(XU-3DWK
GHSDUWDPHQWRGHO9DOOHFRQVLPLOLWXGPD\RUGHLQ -RVHSK+$QGHUVRQ57DWKDP5%ODFN:0XOWL
GLFDQODSRVLEOHKRPRJHQL]DFLyQGHHVWHUHFXUVRJHQpWLFR YDULDWHGDWD$QDO\V\VZLWK5HDGLQJVUGHG5LYHUVLGHS
0LOOHU07ISJD7RROVIRU3RSXODWLRQ*HQHWLFV$QDO\VLV
SRUODGLVHPLQDFLyQGHPDWHULDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV 1RUWKHUQ$UL]RQD8QLYHUVLW\)ODJVWDII$UL]RQDS
6HKDUHSRUWDGRTXHORVHVWLPDWLYRVGHGLYHUVLGDG 0RULOOR$0RULOOR<9iVTXH]+0XxR]-&DUDF
JHQpWLFDEDVDGRVHQPDUFDGRUHVGHKHUHQFLDGRPLQDQWH WHUL]DFLyQPROHFXODUFRQ0LFURVDWpOLWHVDOHDWRULRV5$0GHOD
FRPRORV5$3'\ORV5$0HVWiQDVRFLDGRVFRQODVHV &ROHFFLyQGHPRUD5XEXVVSSGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH
WUDWHJLDVGHPXHVWUHRQ~PHURGHSODQWDVSRUSREODFLyQ &RORPELD6HGH3DOPLUD$FWD$JURQ3DOPLUD
0XxR]-(0RULOOR$0RULOOR<8VRGHODWpFQLFD
GLVWDQFLDJHRJUiÀFDHQWUHODVSREODFLRQHVPXHVWUHDGDV
0LFURVDWpOLWHV$PSOLÀFDGRVDO$]DU5$0SDUDHVWXGLRVGH
\Q~PHURGHSREODFLRQHVHVWXGLDGDV\HOQ~PHURGH GLYHUVLGDGJHQpWLFDHQYHJHWDOHV(QSUHQVD$FWD$JURQ3DO
EDQGDVSROLPyUÀFDV1\ERP\%DUWLVK PLUD
/DHVWUXFWXUDJHQpWLFDSREODFLRQDOGHODVHVSHFLHV 1HL 0 $QDO\VLV RI JHQHWLF GLYHUVLW\ LQ VXEGLYLGHG
VHGHEHUHDOL]DUFRQFULWHULRGHDJUXSDPLHQWRJHRJUiÀ SRSXODWLRQV3URF1DWO$FDG6FL86$
FRHGDIRFOLPiWLFRRPRUIROyJLFR(QHVWHHVWXGLRQR 1\ERP+%DUWLVK,9(IIHFWVRIOLIHKLVWRU\WUDLWVDQG
VDPSOLQJ VWUDWHJLHV RQ JHQHWLF GLYHUVLW\ HVWLPDWHV REWDLQHG
VHDQDOL]yODHVWUXFWXUDSREODFLRQDOGHELGRDTXHHQODV ZLWK5$3'PDUNHUVLQSODQWV3HUVS3ODQW(FRO(YRO6\VW
LQWURGXFFLRQHVHODJUXSDPLHQWRQRVHUHODFLRQyFRQOD
GLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiÀFDSRUORFXDOHVWHFULWHULRQRVHUtD 2VOLQJHU$0XxR]-($OYDUH]/$0RUHQR)3RVVR$
SHUWLQHQWHSDUDFDOFXODUORVHVWLPDWLYRVGHGLIHUHQFLDFLyQ &DUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHFHUGRVFULROORVFRORPELDQRVPHGLDQWH
SREODFLRQDO3DUDUHDOL]DUHVWHDQiOLVLVVHGHEHKDFHUXQ ODWpFQLFDPROHFXODU5$0$FWD$JURQ3DOPLUD
4XLUyV&2YHUYLHZRIWKHJHQHWLFVDQGEUHHGLQJRIKXVN
PXHVWUHRPiVDPSOLRGLULJLGRD]RQDVGHERVTXHVROX
WRPDWR+RUW6FL
JDUHVGRQGHODLQÁXHQFLDGHOFRPSRQHQWHDQWUySLFRVHD 5HVWUHSR 6 ( (VWXGLR GH OD GLYHUVLGDG JHQpWLFD GHO
PtQLPR\VHHQFXHQWUHQPDWHULDOHVVLOYHVWUHVRHVWDEOHFHU WRPDWHFXOWLYDGRWLSRFKRQWR/\FRSHUVLFRQHVFXOHQWXPHQODV
RWUR FULWHULR GH DJUXSDPLHQWR 6LQ HPEDUJR KXER XQ ]RQDV SURGXFWRUDV GH &RORPELD 7UDEDMR GH JUDGR 0 6F
DJUXSDPLHQWR TXH GLVFULPLQy HQWUH HVSHFLHV \ GHQWUR 8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELDVHGH3DOPLUDS
GH HVSHFLHV GHO JpQHUR 3K\VDOLV TXH SHUPLWH FRQFOXLU =LHWNLHZLF](5DIDOVNL$/DEXGD'*HQRPH)LQJHU
SULQWLQJE\6LPSOH6HTXHQFH5HSHDW665$QFKRUHG3RO\PHUDVH
TXHODWpFQLFD5$0SXHGHVHU~WLOSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DUODV &KDLQ5HDFWLRQ$PSOLÀFDWLRQ*HQRPLFV
SREODFLRQHVGH3K\VDOLVD~QQRHVWXGLDGDV