Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Presentacin Insuficiencia Renal y Anemia PDF
Presentacin Insuficiencia Renal y Anemia PDF
ANEMIA
2 500 000
1 490 000
426 000
Patients
Nephrologists
Growing
shortfall
Nephrologists: 2% growth
KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline and clinical practice 2007. Am J Kidney 2007;50:471-530
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine; Mar 2009; 3:135-146
Relationship between Hb level and eGFR. Data represent a
crosssectional survey of individuals randomly selected from the
general US population (NHANES III). Median and 95% confidence
limits around the 95 and 5th percentiles are shown for males
th
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
CSN UK RA UK NICE
11-12 g/dL >10 g/dL 10.5-12.5 g/dL
10-12 g/dL in
CARI CARI children <2yr
11-12 g/dL CVD >11 g/dL CVD
12-14 g/dL no CVD 12-14 g/dL no CVD CARI
11-12 g/dL CVD
12-14 g/dL no CVD
CVD=cardiovascular disease
Solo un tercio de los pacientes tienen niveles de Hb
en el rango deseado (3-Meses promedio)
2000
1500
0
<6.0 6.9 7.9 8.9 9.9 10.9 11.9 12.9 13.9 14.9 15.9 16.9
Hb (g/dL)
n=65 000 dialysis patients
Lacson et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:111-124
¿ COMO CORREGIR LA ANEMIA?
Agentes estimuladores de la eritropoyesis
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100 100
0 0
ESA TIW ESA ESA TIW ESA
once monthly once monthly
Total time: Total time: Total cost: Total cost:
608 min 127 min $548 $104
Dose and
0.8 responsiveness are
inversely rated
Fraction surviving
0.6
0.4
<83.5 U/kg/wk (n=252)
83.5 to 155 U/kg/wk (n=252)
0.2 155 to 252 U/kg/wk (n=251) Higher ESA dose
252 to 423 U/kg/wk (n=252)
Less ESA-responsive
> 423 U/kg/wk (n=252)
Poor survival
0.0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
Time (months)
FDA analysis of Besarab et al. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:584-90.
Grandes dosis de ESA estan asociados con
aumento de la mortalidad
All Cause Mortality Hazard Ratio Cardiovascular Mortality Hazard Ratio
Frequency
0.6 15,000
0.6
10,000
0.4
5,000 0.4
0.25 0
TREAT
Placebo/control mean Hb
Lower Hb arm: mean achieved Hb Target range
Higher Hb arm: mean achieved Hb
Adapted and from NKF-K/DOQI “Target Hb” 2007 update
METAS Y RETOS
Metas del manejo óptimo de anemia
Alcanzar con éxito los niveles de Hb como lo
recomiendan las guias actuales. 1-4
Mantener con éxito los niveles de variación de Hb
dentro de ~1 g/dL del objetivo deseado.
Necesidad de mejorar la
atencion del paciente
>60% de los
Muchos Sin aumentar la carga de pacientes no
pacientes no
trabajo alcanzan las
mantienen los
metas de Hb
niveles de
Hb
¿Como responder a los retos persistentes en
el manejo de la anemia?
2.0% LAH
28.9%
12.5
Hb (g/dL)
6.5%
Target
39.5%
11.0
1.8%
Low
21.3%
Cross one Hb boundary†
9.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Month
N = 152,846
†Boundariesdefined in the study are Hb levels of 11 and 12.5 g/dL.
Adapted from: Ebben JP, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1205-1210.
La mayoria de pacientes experimentan
fluctuaciones de Hb por mas de 6 meses
14.0
Proportion (%) High
Unstable (90%)
50
Hb (g/dL)
12.5
Target
11.0
39.5
40 9.5
Low
1 2 3 4 5 6
Month
30 28.9
21.3
20 Remaining stable (10%)
10
6.5
2.0 1.8
0
HA LAH LAL Target High Low
n=152 446 HD patients with Medicare as primary payer and Adapted from
EPO claims in each of the first 6 months of 2003 Ebben J et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1205-1210
80% de casos de variabilidad de Hb asociada con cambios de dosis
15
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of ESA dose changes per year per patient
Unadjusted 10000
Number of patients
3
8000
4000
1 2000
0.8 0
Hb level
(6 mos)
6%
5%
4%
Mortality
3%
2%
1%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Period
* Media (ESM)
1. Halstenson et al. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991:50:702-712
2. Macdougall et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:2392-2395
3. Padhi et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45:503-510
4. Macdougall et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47:A41
5. Macdougall et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16:759A
Epoetina Darbepoetina MIRCERA
(sem) (sem) (Mensual)
< 4000 UI 10 - 20 μg 75 μg
CHOIR analisis
Aumento de la 1. Target arm (high vs. low)
mortalidad con dosis
altas de EPO
2. Target arm (high vs. low)
Not achieving Hb target