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𝒅𝒏 𝒚 𝒅𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
Sea de la forma: 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 𝒚𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏𝒙𝒏−𝟏𝒚𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝒂𝟎 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
[𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 𝑫𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 𝑫𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙𝑫 + 𝒂𝟎 ]{𝒚} = 𝒇(𝒙)
Demostración
𝑑𝑥
Sea el cambio de variable 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑧
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑥 = = 𝑒 −𝑧 ⇒ 𝑥𝐷𝑦 = 𝔇𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑧
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 ( ) (𝑒 −𝑧 𝑑𝑧 ) −𝑒 −𝑧 +𝑒 −𝑧 2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= ( ) = 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧
= 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
= 𝑒 −2𝑧 ( − ) ⇒ 𝑥 2 𝐷2 𝑦 = 𝔇(𝔇 − 1)𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑧 𝑑𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑧
⋮ ⋮
𝑑 𝑑𝑛−1𝑦
𝑑𝑛 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑛−1 𝑦 (
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑛−1
)
= ( ) = 𝑑𝑥 =⋯ ⇒ 𝑥 𝑛 𝐷𝑛 𝑦 = 𝔇(𝔇 − 1)(𝔇 − 2) … (𝔇 − 𝑛 + 1)𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑧
En resumen se tendrá:
𝑥𝐷 = 𝔇
𝑥 = 𝑒𝑧 2 2
Solución Hacer el cambio de variable { ; { 𝑥 𝐷 = 𝔇 (𝔇 − 1)
𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑧
𝑥3 𝐷3 = 𝔇(𝔇 − 1)(𝔇 − 2)
𝔇1 = 0
𝔇2 [𝔇 + 1]{𝑦} = 0 { 𝔇2 = 0
𝔇3 = −1
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒆−𝒛
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = [𝔇3+𝔇2] {36𝑒3𝑧 + 9} = [𝔇3+𝔇2] {36𝑒3𝑧 } + [𝔇3+𝔇2] {24𝑒2𝑧 } = [(3)3+(3)2] {36𝑒3𝑧 } + [(2)3+(2)2] {24𝑒2𝑧 } = 𝒆𝟑𝒛 + 𝟐𝒆𝟐𝒛
⏟ ⏟
𝒚𝒑𝟏 𝒚𝒑𝟐
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝒙
[𝑥 2 𝐷2 + 𝑥𝐷 + 1]{𝑦} = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥 4 ) + 𝑥 + 2 + sec(𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑥 = 𝑒𝑧 𝑥𝐷 = 𝔇
Solución Hacer el cambio de variable { ;{
𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑥2 𝐷2 = 𝔇 ( 𝔇 − 1 )
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒛 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒛
𝟏 1 𝟏
𝒚𝒑𝟏 = [𝔇2+1] {𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑧} = [(−16)+1] {𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑧} = − 𝟏𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟒𝒛
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝒑𝟐 = [𝔇2+1] {𝑒𝑧 + 2} = [𝔇2+1] {𝑒𝑧 } + [𝔇2+1] {2𝑒0𝑧 } = [12+1] {𝑒𝑧 } + [02+1] {2𝑒0𝑧 } = 𝟐 𝒆𝒛 + 𝟐
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑧 + 2 + 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
15 2
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒍𝒏𝒙) − 𝟏𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟒𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟐 + 𝒍𝒏|𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏𝒙)|𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒍𝒏𝒙)
𝒅𝒏𝒚 𝒅𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
Sea de la forma: 𝒂𝒏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏−𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃) + 𝒂𝟎 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏 𝒚𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏−𝟏 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒚′ + 𝒂𝟎 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
[𝒂𝒏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏 𝑫𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏−𝟏 𝑫𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝑫 + 𝒂𝟎 ]{𝒚} = 𝒇(𝒙)
En resumen se tendrá:
4
[(2𝑥 + 3)2 𝐷2 + 6(2𝑥 + 3)𝐷 + 4]{𝑦} = 8𝑠𝑒𝑛2 [𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 + 3)] +
(2𝑥+3)[1+ln2(2𝑥+3)]
4
[4𝔇(𝔇 − 1) + 6 ∙ 2𝔇 + 4]{𝑦} = 8𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑧 +
𝑒 𝑧[1+𝑧 2 ]
4 1
[4𝔇2 + 8𝔇 + 4]{𝑦} = 8𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑧 + 𝑚/𝑚 ×
𝑒 𝑧[1+𝑧 2] 4
1
[𝔇2 + 2𝔇 + 1]{𝑦} = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑧 + E.D.L. no Homogénea de Coeficientes contantes
𝑒 𝑧[1+𝑧 2 ]
[𝔇2 + 2𝔇 + 1]{𝑦} = 0
𝔇1 = −1
(𝔇 + 1)(𝔇 + 1){𝑦} = 0 {
𝔇2 = −1
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝒛 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛𝒆−𝒛
1
[𝔇2 + 2𝔇 + 1]{𝑦} == ⏟
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧
⏟ +
⏟
𝑒 𝑧(1+𝑧 2 )
𝑦𝑝1 𝑦𝑝2
𝑦𝑝3
1 1
𝑦𝑝1 = [𝔇2+2𝔇+1] {1} = [(0)2+2(0)+1] {1𝑒0𝑧 } = 𝟏
1 1 1 1 (2𝔇+3) (2𝔇+3)
𝑦𝑝2 = [𝔇2+2𝔇+1] {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧} = [(−4)+2𝔇+1] {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧} = (2𝔇−3) {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧} = (2𝔇−3) (2𝔇+3) {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧} = (4𝔇2−9) {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧}
(2𝔇+3) 1 1 1 𝟒 𝟑
𝑦𝑝2 = (4(−4)−9) {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧} = − 25 (2𝔇 + 3)𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧 = − 25 (2𝔇𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧) = − 25 (−4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑧 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧) = 𝟐𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒛
𝑦𝑝3 = 𝑢1 𝑒 −𝑧 + 𝑢2 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧
1
Aplicando la integral ordenada de Daniel 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑦2 = 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 𝑓(𝑧) =
𝑒 𝑧(1+𝑧 2 )
1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) −𝑧 1
𝑢1 = ∫ ′ 𝑑𝑧 ⟹ ∫ 𝑒−𝑧
′ 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 1 ′
𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = − 𝑙𝑛|1 + 𝑧 2 |
𝑦
(𝑦1 ) 𝑦2 (𝑧) 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 −𝑧 −2 𝑧 𝑒 −𝑧 1+𝑧 2 2
(𝑧𝑒−𝑧) 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧
2
1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) 𝑒𝑧 (1+𝑧2 ) 1
𝑢2 = ∫ ′ 𝑑𝑧 ⟹ ∫ 𝑧𝑒−𝑧
′ 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ (𝑧)′ 𝑒 −𝑧
𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑧
𝑦
(𝑦2 ) 𝑦1 1 𝑒 −𝑧 1+𝑧 2
( 𝑒−𝑧 ) 𝑒 −𝑧
1
1
𝒚𝒑𝟑 = − 𝑙𝑛|1 + 𝑧 2 |𝑒 −𝑧 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑧 ∙ 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧
2
4 3 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒−𝑧 + 𝑐2 𝑧𝑒−𝑧 + 1 − (25 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑧 − 25 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑧) − 2 𝑙𝑛|1 + 𝑧2 |𝑒−𝑧 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑧 ∙ 𝑧𝑒−𝑧
[(2𝑥 − 3)2 𝐷2 + 2(2𝑥 − 3)𝐷 + 4]{𝑦} = 𝑠𝑒𝑛[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)] + 4𝑥 + 5 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)] Respuesta
𝑙𝑛(2𝑥−3) 𝑐𝑜𝑠[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥−3)] 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)] + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)] + [2𝑠𝑒𝑛[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)] − 𝑐𝑜𝑠[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)]] + 𝑙𝑛[𝑐𝑜𝑠[𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 − 3)]] + + 2
8 4 2
1 1
[(𝑥 + 𝜋)2 𝐷2 + 8(𝑥 + 𝜋)𝐷 + 10]{𝑦} = 8 cos2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝜋)] + [(𝑥 + 𝜋)𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝜋)2 ]2 + (𝑥+𝜋)
+ (𝑥+𝜋)3 Respuesta 𝑦 =
𝑐1 𝑐 2 7 3 1 11 93 1 1
(𝑥+𝜋)5
2
+ (𝑥+𝜋)2
+ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛[2𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝜋)] + 𝑐𝑜𝑠[2𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝜋)] + (𝑥 + 𝜋)2 [ ln2 (𝑥 + 𝜋) − 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝜋) + ]+ −
5 29 29 7 98 2744 4(𝑥+𝜋) 2(𝑥+𝜋)3