Resolución de la primera pc

1.
y 00 (x) + p(x) + q(x)y 0 + r(x)y = g(x)...(∗)
yh = {y1(x) , y2(x) , y3(x) }
yp = {c1(x) y1(x) , c2(x) y2(x) , c3(x) y3(x) }
y 0 p = c0 1 y1 + c1 y 0 1 + c0 2 y2 + c2 y 0 2 + c0 3 y3 + c3 y 0 3
c0 1 y + c0 2 y2 + c0 3 y3 = 0...(∗1)
y 0 p = c1 y 0 1 + c2 y 0 2 + c3 y 0 3 ...(1)
y 00 p = c0 1 y 0 1 + c1 y 00 1 + c0 2 y 0 2 + c2 y 00 2 + c0 3 y 0 3 + c3 y 00 3
c0 1 y 0 1 + c0 2 y 0 2 + c0 3 y 0 3 = 0...(∗2)
y 00 p = c1 y 00 1 + c2 y 00 2 + c3 y 00 3 ...(2)
y 000 p = c0 1 y 00 1 + c1 y 000 1 + c0 2 y 00 2 + c2 y 000 2 + c0 3 y 00 3 + c3 y 000 3 ...(3)
Reemplazando (1),(2) y (3) en (*):
c0 1 y 00 1 + c0 2 y 00 2 + c0 3 y 00 3 = g(x) ...(∗3)
De (*1),(*2) y (*3):
c0 1 y1 + c0 2 y2 + c0 3 y3 = 0
c0 1 y 0 1 + c0 2 y 0 2 + c0 3 y 0 3 = 0
c0 1 y 00 1 + c0 2 y 00 2 + c0 3 y 00 3 = 0
De la matriz por Cramer: 
 y1 y2 y3 
W(y1 ,y2 ,y3 ) =  y 0 1 y 0 2 y 0 3 

y 00 1 y 00 2 y 00 3 
2.
xm y n M(x,y) dx + xm y n N(x,y) dy = 0
∂(xm y n M(x,y) ) ∂(xm y n N
(x,y) )
∂y = ∂x
m
x (ny n−1
M + y n ∂M n
∂y ) = y (mx
m−1
n + xm ∂N
∂x )
xm y n−1 (nM + yMy ) = y n xm−1 (mN + xNx )
x(nM + yMy ) = y(mN + xNx )
nM N
y + M y = m x + Nx
M y − Nx = m Nx −n y
M

3.
M alla1 :
q1 00 q2
c + q 1 2L − 2c = 0...(1)
M alla2 :
q2 00
2C + (q2 + q1 ) L = 0...(2)
Sumando(1)y(2) :
q1 00 00 00
2c + q1 2L + q2 L + q1 L = 0
q1 00 00
2c + 3q1 L + q2 L = 0...(3)
De(1) :
q2 = 2c( qc1 + q 00 1 2L)
q2 = 2q1 + 4q 00 1 CL...(4)
(4)en(3) :
q1 + 3q100 LC + (2q100 + 4q1 (iv) CL)CL = 0
4q1 iv C 2 L2 + 5q100 LC + q1 = 0
(4D4 C 2 L2 + 5D2 CL + 1)q1 = 0
4r4 c2 L2 + 5r2 LC + 1 = 0

1
(4r2 CL + 1)(r2 CL + 1) = 0
r2 CL = −1 2
4 , r = /f rac−1CL
i
√
r = ± √4CL ; r = ±/f raci CL
t t t t
q1 = C1 Cos( √4CL ) + C2 Sen( √CL ) + C3 Cos( √CL + C4 Sen( √CL )...(5)
h i h i h i h i
q1 = √4CL −Sen( √4CL ) + √4CL Cos( √4CL ) + √CL Cos( √CL ) + √CCL
0 C 1 t C2 t C3 t 4 t
Cos( √CL )
h i h i h i h i
C1 C2 C3
q100 = 4CL t
−Cos( √4CL ) + 4CL t
−Sen( √4CL ) + CL t
−Cos( √CL ) + √CCL 4
−Sen( √CLt
)
De(5), (6), (4)h i
t t t t
q2 = 2q2 = 2 C1 Cos( √4CL ) + C2 Sen( √4CL ) + C3 Cos( √CL ) + C4 Sen( √CL ) +
h i
C1 t C2 t C3 t C4 t
4 − 4CL Cos( √4CL ) − 4CL Sen( √4CL ) − CL Cos( √CL ) − CL Sen( √CL ) .CL
t t t t
q2 = −2C1 Cos( √4CL ) − 2C2 Sen( √4CL ) − 2C3 Cos( √CL ) − 2C4 Sen( √CL )
h i
1 t t t t
V2(t) = C −C1 Cos( √4CL ) − C2 Sen( √4CL ) − C3 Cos( √CL ) − C4 Sen( √CL )
h i
V1(t) = C1 C1 Cos( √4CL
t t
) + C2 Sen( √4CL t
) + C3 Cos( √CL t
) + C4 Sen( √CL )
P ara t = 0 → V1 (0) + V2 (0) = V0
V0 = C1 (−C1 − C3 ); V0 = C1 (C1 + C3 )
− C1 − C3 = C1 + C3
− C3 = C1h y V0 = 0 i
V2(t) = C1 −C1 Cos( √4CLt t
) − C2 Sen( √4CL t
) + C1 Cos( √CL t
) − C4 Sen( √CL )
h i
V1(t) = C1 C1 Cos( √4CL
t t
) + C2 Sen( √4CL t
) − C1 Cos( √CL t
) + C4 Sen( √CL )

4.
a)Cos(x)y 00 + (6Cosx − 2senx)y 0 + (8Cosx − 6Senx)y = ex Cos2x + e−3x Sen2x
u = Cos(x)y
u0 = −Sen(x)y + Cos(x)y 0
u00 = −Sen(x)y 0 − Cos(x)y + Cos(x)y 00 − Sen(x)y 0
u00 = Cos(x)y 00 − 2Sen(x)y 0 − Cos(x)y 0
u00 + 6u0 + 9u = ex Cos2x + e−3x Sen2x
r2 + 6r + 9 = 0
2
(r2 + 3) = 0
r = −3
uh = c1 e−3x + c2 xe−3x
1
up = D2 +6D+4 ex Cos(2x) + e−3x ( −1
4 Sen(x))
up = (D+3)2 e (Cos2x) + e−3x Sen2x)
1 x

1 −3x 1
up = ex (D+4)2 (Cos2x) + e D 2 Sen2x
up = 12Cos2x+16Sen2x
20 + e−3x (− 14 Sen2x)
ex
up = 5 (3Cos2x + 4Sen2x) + e−3x (− 14 Sen2x)
x
ug = uh + up = uh = c1 e−3x + c2 xe−3x + e5 (3Cos2x + 4Sen2x) − 41 e−3x Sen2x

b)
y 0 + p(x)y = f (x)y n
u = y 1−n
u0 = (1 − n)y −n y 0
yR0 y −n + p(x)y 1−n =
R f (x)(1 − n)
e (1−n)p(x)dx u = e (1−n)p(x) (1 − n)f (x)dx

2
 R
(1−n)p(x)
e (1−n)f (x)dx
u= R
e (1−n)p(x)dx
+c
R
h 1
i 1−n
e (1−n)p(x) (1−n)f (x)dx
y(x) = R
e (1−n)p(x)dx
+c

5.
Del circuito:
(3x00 + 8x0 )00 + (−3x + 8x0 + 8x00 )0 − 3x = t3 e−t
3xiv + 8x000 −3x0 + 8x00 + 8x000 − 3x = t3 e−t
3xiv + 16x000 +8x00 − 3x0 − 3x = t3 e−t
iv 0
(3D
h + 16D000 +8D0 − 3D 0
i − 3D)x = t e
3 −t
3
(D + 1)(8D +8D2 − 3) x = t3 e−t
xp = (D+1)(8D13 +8D2 −3) t3 e−t = e−t (D)(8D3 −16D 1
   3
2 +8D−3) t
[ ]
−t
1
xp = e 4 (8D3 −16D2 +8Sen2)xD−3)
 4
t
e−t 1 8 40 2 128 3 64
 
xp = 4 (− 3 − 9 D − 27 D − 81 D − 243 D 4 ) t4
−t 4
xp = e 4 (− t3 − 32 3 480 2 3072 768
9 t − 27 t − 81 t − 243 )
3 2
(r + 1)(8r +8r − 3)x = 0
r1 = −1, r2 , r3
xh = c1 e−t + c2 er2 t + c3 er3 t
x = xh + xp

6.
a)xy 000 − x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 + 2xy 0 − 2y = x
x = eu
[D(D − 1)(D − 2) − D(D − 2) − 2] yu = x
D3 − 4D2 + 5D − 2 y(u) = x = eu
(D − 1)(D − 2)(D − 1)y(u) = eu
r = 1, 1, 2
yh = c1 eu + c2 ueu + c3 e2u
1
yp = (D−1)12 (D−2) eu = eu (D)2 (D−1)
u
yp = e2 (−u2 − 2u − 2)
u
yg = y p +y h = c1 eu + c2 ueu + c3 e2u + e2 (−u2 − 2u − 2)
yg = c1 x + c2 ln(x)xe + c3 x2 + x2 (−ln2 x − 2lnx − 2)

b)
y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = e2x sen(3x)
(D2 − 4D + 4)y = e2x Sen(3x)
r2 − 4r + 4 = 0
(r − 2)3 = 0
r=2
yh = C1 e2x + C2 xe2x
1 2x
yP = (D−2) 2e Sen3x
yP = e2x ( −1
9 )Sen3x
e2x
yg = C1 e + C2 xe2x −
2x
9 Sen3x