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a) En papel milimetrado trace una gráfica fuerza vs. Desplazamiento, para cada uno de
los resortes R1, R2 Y R3 y a partir de ella determine la constante elástica de los resortes.
Utilice mínimos cuadrados.
a) 𝛥𝑥𝑖 (𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜)
𝛥𝑥1 = 6.75 − 6.70 = 0.05𝑐𝑚 = 0.0005𝑚
𝛥𝑥2 = 6.9 − 6.70 = 0.2𝑐𝑚 = 0.002𝑚
𝛥𝑥3 = 7.1 − 6.70 = 0.4𝑐𝑚 = 0.004𝑚
𝛥𝑥4 = 7.35 − 6.70 = 0.65𝑐𝑚 = 0.0065𝑚
𝛥𝑥5 = 7.55 − 6.70 = 0.85𝑐𝑚 = 0.0085𝑚
𝛥𝑥6 = 7.83 − 6.70 = 1.13𝑐𝑚 = 0.0113𝑚
𝛥𝑥7 = 8.05 − 6.70 = 1.35𝑐𝑚 = 0.0135𝑚
𝛥𝑥8 = 8.35 − 6.70 = 1.65𝑐𝑚 = 0.0165𝑚
∑
⇒ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.0628𝑚
b) 𝑤𝑖 (𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠)
𝑤1 = 40.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0404𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.395𝑁
𝑤2 = 50.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0504𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.493𝑁
𝑤3 = 60.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0604𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.591𝑁
𝑤4 = 70.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0704𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.689𝑁
𝑤5 = 80.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0804𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.787𝑁
𝑤6 = 90.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0904𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.885𝑁
𝑤7 = 100.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1004𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.983𝑁
𝑤8 = 110.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1104𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1.081𝑁
⇒ ∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑘𝑖 𝛥𝑥𝑖
𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 −∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑤𝑖
𝑘1 = 𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 −(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2
Donde:
n = 8 (número de medidas)
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 = 0.055823𝑚
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.0628𝑚
∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2 = 0.00394𝑚2
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 = 0.0007169𝑚2
8(0.055823)−(0.0628)(5.904)
𝑘1 = 8(0.0007169)−0.00394 𝑁/𝑚
𝑘1 = 42.230𝑁/𝑚
(0.0007169)(5.904)−(0.0628)(0.055823)
𝑎= 𝑁
8(0.0007169)−0.00394
𝑎 = 0.4049𝑁
3.000
2.500
2.000
Fe
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
VARIACIÒN
2) Datos para el cálculo del segundo resorte
a) 𝛥𝑥𝑖 (𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜)
𝛥𝑥1 = 8.6 − 6.5 = 2.1𝑐𝑚 = 0.0052𝑚
𝛥𝑥2 = 9.5 − 6.5 = 3𝑐𝑚 = 0.0125𝑚
𝛥𝑥3 = 10.6 − 6.5 = 4.1𝑐𝑚 = 0.0142𝑚
𝛥𝑥4 = 11.7 − 6.5 = 5.2𝑐𝑚 = 0.0174𝑚
𝛥𝑥5 = 13.5 − 6.5 = 7𝑐𝑚 = 0.0223𝑚
𝛥𝑥6 = 14.25 − 6.5 = 7.75𝑐𝑚 = 0.033𝑚
𝛥𝑥7 = 15.25 − 6.5 = 8.75𝑐𝑚 = 0.0378𝑚
𝛥𝑥8 = 16.6 − 6.5 = 10.1𝑐𝑚 = 0.0397𝑚
⇒ ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.1821𝑚
b) 𝑤𝑖 (𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠)
𝑤1 = 40.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0404𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.395𝑁
𝑤2 = 50.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0504𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.493𝑁
𝑤3 = 60.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0604𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.591𝑁
𝑤4 = 70.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0704𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.689𝑁
𝑤5 = 80.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0804𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.787𝑁
𝑤6 = 90.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0904𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.885𝑁
𝑤7 = 100.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1004𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.983𝑁
𝑤8 = 110.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1104𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1.081𝑁
⇒ ∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑘2 𝛥𝑥𝑖
𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 −∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑤𝑖
𝑘2 = 𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 −(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2
Donde:
n = 8 (número de medidas)
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 = 0.1554255𝑁. 𝑚
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.1821𝑚
∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2 = 0.03316𝑚2
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 = 0.00527891𝑚2
8(0.1554255)−(0.1821)(5.904)
𝑘2 = 8(0.00527891)−0.03316 𝑁/𝑚
𝑘2 = 18.5514𝑁/𝑚
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
Fe
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045
VARIACIÒN
3) Datos para el cálculo del tercer resorte
a) 𝛥𝑥𝑖 (𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜)
𝛥𝑥1 = 5.35 − 5.3 = 0.05𝑐𝑚 = 0.0005𝑚
𝛥𝑥2 = 5.45 − 5.3 = 0.15𝑐𝑚 = 0.0015𝑚
𝛥𝑥3 = 5.55 − 5.3 = 0.25𝑐𝑚 = 0.0025𝑚
𝛥𝑥4 = 5.65 − 5.3 = 0.35𝑐𝑚 = 0.0035𝑚
𝛥𝑥5 = 5.75 − 5.3 = 0.45𝑐𝑚 = 0.0045𝑚
𝛥𝑥6 = 5.85 − 5.3 = 0.55𝑐𝑚 = 0.0055𝑚
𝛥𝑥7 = 5.95 − 5.3 = 0.65𝑐𝑚 = 0.0065𝑚
𝛥𝑥8 = 6.05 − 5.3 = 0.75𝑐𝑚 = 0.0075𝑚
⇒ ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.032𝑚
b) 𝑤𝑖 (𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠)
𝑤1 = 40.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0404𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.395𝑁
𝑤2 = 50.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0504𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.493𝑁
𝑤3 = 60.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0604𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.591𝑁
𝑤4 = 70.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0704𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.689𝑁
𝑤5 = 80.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0804𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.787𝑁
𝑤6 = 90.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.0904𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.885𝑁
𝑤7 = 100.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1004𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.983𝑁
𝑤8 = 110.4𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.1104𝑘𝑔𝑥9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1.081𝑁
⇒ ∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑘3 𝛥𝑥𝑖
𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 −∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑤𝑖
𝑘3 = 𝑛 ∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 −(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2
Donde:
n = 8 (número de medidas)
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖 = 0.027732𝑁. 𝑚
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 = 0.032𝑚
∑ 𝑤𝑖 = 5.904𝑁
(∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 )2 = 0.001024𝑚2
∑ 𝛥𝑥𝑖 2 = 0.00017𝑚2
8(0.027732)−(0.032)(5.904)
𝑘3 = 8(0.00017)−0.001024 𝑁/𝑚
𝑘3 = 98𝑁/𝑚
(0.00017)(5.904)−(0.032)(0.027732)
𝑎= 𝑁
8(0.00017)−0.001024
𝑎 = 0.3852𝑁
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
Fe
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000
0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080
VARIACIÒN
b) ¿Se cumple la ley de Hooke? Explique
Teóricamente sí se cumple esta ley, pero solo para resortes ideales y estos tienen
existencia. Experimentalmente tiene un margen de error que es mínimo. Debido a
mediciones no verdaderas de las deformaciones; a que los resortes han sido sometidos a
constantes deformaciones y su constante elástica ya no es constante.
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑘𝛥𝑥
Pero sabemos que la fuerza elástica será igual al peso y conocemos la deformación, para
finalmente tener:
𝑤 = 𝑘𝛥𝑥