Válvulas Neway

Juan Carlos Sua Sua

 Temario.
• Introducción
• Clasificación de válvulas y normas de diseño aplicables
• Criterios de diseño: Normas de Fabricación.
• Control de Calidad
– Pruebas
¿QUÉ ES UNA VÁLVULA?
ES UN DISPOSITIVO MECANICO QUE SIRVE PARA
ADMINISTRAR EL PASO DE UN FLUIDO EN UN PROCESO.

DE ACUERDO A SU FUNCIÓN PUEDEN SER:

•DE BLOQUEO (ON-OFF)
•REGULACIÓN: Controlar Diferentes variables como Q, P, T°, etc.
•RETENCIÓN.
 RANGOS DE PRODUCCIÓN
• Petróleo y Gas
– Tamaños: 1” a 60”
– Presiones: hasta 20.000 psig
– Materiales: WCB, WCC,
CF8M, Durimet, entre otros.
• Refinación
– Tamaños: 1” a 60”
– Presiones: hasta 2.235 psig
– Materiales: WCB, WCC, C9,
CF8M, Hastelloy, Monel,
Titanio, entre otros.
• Petroquímica
– Tamaños: 1/2” a 40”
– Presiones: hasta 2.500 psig
– Temperaturas: Criogénicas a 1000 °F
– Materiales: WCB, WCC, CF8M,
Hastelloy, entre otros.
• Química
– Tamaños: 1/2” a 6”
– Presiones: hasta 2.000 psig
– Materiales: WCB, WCC, CF8M,
Hastelloy, Monel, Titanio.
 Normas de Fabricación.
Válvulas de Compuerta:
ASME B16.34: Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End.
º
API 600: Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets.
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.
API 602: Steel Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes NPS 4 (DN 100) and
Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing.
API 607/6FA: Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements.
API 600: Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets.
This standard sets the following gate valve features:
- bolted bonnet,
- outside screw and yoke,
- rising stems, º
- non-rising handwheels,
- single or double gate,
- wedge or parallel seating,
- metallic seating surfaces,
- flanged or butt-welding ends.
- sizes NPS: 1 - 42;
- pressure class designations: 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500.
API 602: Steel Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes NPS 4 (DN 100) and
Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
- Sizes NPS 1/4 - 4;

º
- Pressure Class 150, Class 300, Class 600, Class 800 and Class 1500.

- Class 800 is not a listed class designation, but is an intermediate class number widely
used for socket welding and threaded end compact valves.

- Ends: Socket-welding, Threaded, Flanged, and Butt-welding.

º
º
º
º
º
º
º
º
º
 Normas de Fabricación.
Válvulas de Globo:
BS 1873: Steel Check Valves (Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends) for
º
Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries.
API 623: Steel Globe Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets.
API 602: Steel Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes NPS 4 (DN 100) and
Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing.
API 607: Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements.
º
º
º
 Normas de Fabricación.
Válvulas Check:
API 594: Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer, and Butt-Welding.
º
BS 1868: steel Check Valves (Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends) for the Petroleum,
Petrochemical and Allied Industries.
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.
API 602: Steel Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes NPS 4 (DN 100) and
Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing.
API 607/6FA: Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements.
º
º
º
º
 Normas de Fabricación.
Válvulas de Bola:
API 608: Metal Ball Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding Ends.
º
BS 5351: Specification for Steel Ball Valves for the Petroleum,
Petrochemical and Allied Industries
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.
API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing.
API 607/6FA: Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements.
API 608: Metal Ball Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding Ends.

- flanged ends NPS 1/2 through NPS 24

- Butt-welding ends NPS 1/2 through NPS 24
º
- Socket-welding ends in sizes NPS 1/4 through NPS 2
- Threaded ends NPS 1/4 through NPS 2
Pressure classes as follows:
- flanged ends in Classes 150, 300, and 600;
- Butt-welding ends in Classes 150, 300, and 600;
- Socket-welding ends in Classes 150, 300, 600, and 800;
- Shreaded ends in Classes 150, 300, 600, and 800.
API 608: Metal Ball Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding Ends.

º
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.

º
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.

º
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.

º
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves.

º
º
º
º
º
º
º
º
º
 Normas de Fabricación.
Válvulas Mariposa:

º
API 609: Butterfly Valves: Double-Flanged, Lug and Wafer Type.
API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing.
API 607: Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements.
º
º
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
ASME B16.34:
FLUIDO: The test shall be made with water, at 38ºC (100ºF) which may contain a
corrosion inhibitor, with kerosene, or with other suitable fluid, provided such fluid has
º
viscosity not greater than that of water, at a temperature not above 50°C (125°F).
SHELL TEST PRESSURE: 1.5 times the rating of the valve.
DURATION:
NPS ≤2; 15 sec.
21⁄2 ≤ NPS ≤6; 60 sec.
8 ≤ NPS ≤12; 120 sec.
14 ≤ NPS; 300sec.
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
ASME B16.34:
ACCEPTABILITY: Visually detectable leakage through pressure boundary walls is not
acceptable. Leakage through the stem packing shall not be cause for rejection. However,
º
stem seals shall be capable of retaining pressure at least equal to the 38°C (100°F) rating
without visible leakage.
CLOSURE TEST PRESSURE: The test pressure shall be not less than 110% of the
38°C (100°F) pressure rating except that, at the manufacturer’s option, a gas closure test
at gage pressure not less than 5.5 bar (80 psi) may be substituted for valve sizes and
pressure classes as follows:
NPS ≤ 4 Pc ≤ 2500
NPS ≤ 12 Pc ≤ 300
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
API 598:
FLUIDO: For shell, high-pressure backseat, and high-pressure closure tests, the test
fluid shall be air, inert gas, kerosene, water, or a non corrosive liquid with a viscosity not
º
higher than that of water. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase requisition, the test
fluid temperature shall be within the range 41°F (5°C) to 122°F (50°C).
SHELL TEST PRESSURE: According to table 3.
DURATION: According to table 5.
ACCEPTABILITY: According to table 6
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
API 598:
CLOSURE TEST PRESSURE: Valves NPS 4 and smaller having pressure ratings less
than and including ASME Class 1500 and valves larger than NPS 4 having pressure ratings
º
less than and including ASME Class 600 shall be tested in accordance with Table 1.
Valves NPS 4 and smaller having pressure ratings
greater than ASME Class 1500 and valves larger than NPS 4having pressure ratings greater
than ASME Class 600 shall be tested in accordance with Table 2.
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
API 608:
For floating ball valves only – API 608 mandates testing to API 598 and section
6.4.3 does not allow for testing of a trunnion ball valve.
º
FLUIDO: For shell, high-pressure backseat, and high-pressure closure tests, the test
fluid shall be air, inert gas, kerosene, water, or a non corrosive liquid with a viscosity not
higher than that of water. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase requisition, the test
fluid temperature shall be within the range 41°F (5°C) to 122°F (50°C).
SHELL TEST PRESSURE: 7.3 Pressure Testing: Each valve shall be pressure tested
in accordance with API 598,1.5 times the rating of the valve.
DURATION: According to API 598, table 5
ACCEPTABILITY: According to API 598, table 6
 Pruebas de Fuga para Válvulas:
API 608:
CLOSURE TEST PRESSURE: Valves NPS 4 and smaller having pressure ratings less
than and including ASME Class 1500 and valves larger than NPS 4 having pressure ratings
º
less than and including ASME Class 600 shall be tested in accordance with Table 1.
Valves NPS 4 and smaller having pressure ratings
greater than ASME Class 1500 and valves larger than NPS 4having pressure ratings greater
than ASME Class 600 shall be tested in accordance with Table 2.
 Normas de Fabricación.
API 6D:
For floating & trunnion ball valves, slab & expanding gates, plug and check valves.
º
FLUID: Test fluid shall be fresh water and shall contain a corrosion inhibitor. Based on the
end location of the valve, the test fluid shall have, antifreeze (glycol) added unless otherwise
agreed. The water temperature shall not be greater than 100 °F (38 °C) during the testing
period.
SHELL TEST PRESSURE: Shell Test: 1.5 times the rating of the valve.
Seat Test: 1.1 times the rating of the valve
DURATION: Shell Test: According to table 5.
Seat Test: According to table 6.
 Normas de Fabricación.
API 6D:
ACCEPTABILITY:
Shell Test: No leakage.
º
Seat Test: Leakage for soft-seated valves and lubricated plug valves shall not exceed ISO
5208, Rate A (no visible detectable leakage for the duration of the test at test pressure).
For metal-seated valves, other than check valves, the liquid leakage rate shall not exceed
ISO 5208, Rate D.
For metal-seated check valves the liquid leakage rate shall not exceed ISO 5208, Rate G.
Seat leakage shall be monitored from each seat via the valve body cavity vent or drain
connection. Leakage detected as originating from behind seat rings or around resilient
closure materials shall be cause for rejection.
 PRUEBAS FIRE-SAFE.
API 607 / ISO 10497:
FLUID: The test fluid used shall be water. The test fuel shall be gaseous.
º
TEST PRESSURE: Soft Seated Valves Class 150-300, Low Test Pressure at
0.2MPA (29PSI). For other valves, the high test pressure at 75% of the maximum
permissible seat working pressure al 20º C (70ºF). Maintain this test pressure during
the burn and cool-down periods.
DURATION: 30 minutos at average temperature between 750-1000ºC (1400ºF-
1800ºF).
ACCEPTABILITY: according to table 1.
 PRUEBAS FIRE-SAFE.
API 6FA:
FLUID: The test fluid used shall be water. The test fuel shall be gaseous.
º
TEST PRESSURE: according to table 1.
DURATION: The burn period will be 30 minutes from ignition.
The valve will be enveloped in flame having a temperature of 1,400°F–1,800°F
(761°C–980°C)
 PRUEBAS FIRE-SAFE.
ACCEPTABILITY: The maximum through seat leakage shall not be greater than
the value:
Burn Period 30 minutes
Rate 400 ml/in./min º
(15.7 ml/mm/min)
The maximum external leakage for High Test Pressure shall not be greater than the
value:
Test Duration: 30 minutes plus time to cool-down to 212°F (100°C)
Rate: 100 ml/in./min (3.9 ml/mm/min)
 PRUEBAS FIRE-SAFE.
ACCEPTABILITY:
The maximum through seat leakage for Low test Pressure after cool-down shall not be
greater than the valve:
Test Duration: 5 minutes
Rate: 40 ml/in./min (1.6ml/mm/)
º
The maximum external leakage for Low Test Pressure afetr cool-down shall not be greater
than the value shown below:
Test Duration 5 minutes
Rate 20 ml/in./min
(0.8 ml/mm/min)
Afetr Fire Tes, With the test valve in the open position the external leakage shall not be
greater than 200 ml/in./min (8 ml/mm/min).