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Resumen Petrografía
Resumen Petrografía
1.1.2. PETROLOGÍA
Dimitri Mendeléyev publicó en 1869 la primera versión de tabla periódica que fue
ampliamente reconocida. Mendeléyev también pronosticó algunas propiedades de
elementos entonces desconocidos que anticipó que ocuparían los lugares vacíos en su tabla.
Posteriormente se demostró que la mayoría de sus predicciones eran correctas cuando se
descubrieron los elementos en cuestión.
Se han descubierto o sintetizado todos los elementos de número atómico del 1 (hidrógeno)
al 118 (oganesón); la IUPAC confirmó los elementos 113, 115, 117 y 118 el 30 de diciembre
de 2015, y sus nombres y símbolos oficiales se hicieron públicos el 28 de noviembre de 2016.
3. MAGMATISMO
Existen magmas primarios y secundarios, los magmas formados directamente por fusión de
las rocas de la corteza terrestre o el manto se denominan magmas primarios y los que
resultan de la evolución de estos son magmas secundarios. La ascensión del magma a la
superficie puede ser lenta o súper rápida dando origen a los fenómenos volcánicos. Se tiene
como consecuencia la formación de rocas volcánicas, subvolcanicas, hipabisales y
plutónicas, las cuales tienen diferentes texturas. Durante el ascenso del magma se producen
cambios en su composición lo cual es llamado diferenciación. Se produce también la
segregación de minerales durante su formación en el magma debido a la diferencia de
densidad de esta última con minerales originados recientemente. La asimilación magmática
consiste en la incorporación de roca caja en el mismo magma cambiando de esta forma su
composición formando así magmas diferenciados o derivados.
La serie de Bowen indica el orden de cristalización de los minerales que está determinado
por temperatura y la composición del magma, la evolución de la serie depende del
contenido inicial de sílice, se dividen en dos, serie discontinua (minerales ferromagnesianos
Olivino, Piroxeno, Anfíbol y Biotita) y serie continua (plagioclasas) para juntos formar los
Feldespato Potásico, Moscovita y Cuarzo.
It is basically based on the descriptive part of the rocks, meaning texture, chemical
composition and minerals that make it up. The science that deals with the study of the
origin of the rock is called Petrogenesis.
1.1.2. PETROLOGY
It is a disposition of the chemical elements in the form of a table, ordered by their atomic
number (number of protons), by their configuration of electrons and their chemical
properties.
The rows in the table are called periods and the columns groups
Dimitri Mendeléyev published in 1869 the first version of periodic table that was widely
recognized. Mendeleyev also predicted some properties of then unknown elements that
he anticipated would occupy the empty places in his table. Later it was shown that most of
his predictions were correct when the elements in question were discovered.
All elements of atomic number from 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganeson) have been discovered
or synthesized; IUPAC confirmed elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 on December 30, 2015,
and their official names and symbols were made public on November 28, 2016.
Feldspatoids are a group of mineral tectosilicates similar to feldspars, but with a different
structure and about one third less silica content; they are anhydrous silicates formed from
alkaline solutions. They are found in igneous rocks, although they are unusual.
• Leucita
• Nefelina
• Analcima
• Cancrinite
• Sodalite
• Zircon.
• Esfena, Perowskita
• Apatite
• Fluorite.
2.4. GROUP OF MICAS
Name F.Q Hardness Density Stripe Color Gloss S.C
Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 2.5 2.77- White Colorless, Vitreous Monoclinic
2.88 white.
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 2,5-3 3,09 Gray Dark Vitreous Monoclinic
brown
Lepidolite K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2 2,5-3,5 2,83 White Rosa, lilac Subvitreal, Monoclinic
resinous
Phlogopite K(Mg,Fe,Mn)3Si3AlO10(F, 2-2,5 2,79 White Yellowish Nacadaro Monoclinic
OH)2 brown to
vitreous
2.5. GROUP OF THE ANFIBOLES
Name F.Q Hardness Density Stripe Color Gloss S.C
Tremolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 5-6 3 White Brown, Vitreous Mon
colorless
Actinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5Si8O22(OH)2 5-6 3,07 White Green, Vitreous Mon
green-black
Hornblende Ca2(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH 5-6 3 - 3,4 White Black, dark Vitreous Mon
)2
Greenish green to matt
2.6. GROUP OF THE PYROXENES
Name F.Q Hardness Density Stripe Color Gloss S.C
Diopside CaMgSi2O6 5½- 6½ 3,278 White Green Vitreous to Mon
matt
Hedenbergite CaFeSi206 5½- 6½ 3,56 White brownish Vitreous Mon
or Gray green, black
Augite Ca,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)2O6 5-6 3,4 Light Chestnut- Glazed to Mon
gray- greenish, black resinous
greenish vitreous
2.7. OLIVINE GROUPS
Name F.Q Hardness Density Stripe Color Gloss S.C
Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 6,5-7 3,27-4,37 White Yellowish Vitreous to Rom
green fatty
2.8. SILICE GROUP
Name F.Q Hardness Density Stripe Color Gloss S.C
Quartz α SiO2 7 2,65 White Transparent white. Vitreous Hex
There are primary and secondary magmas, magmas formed directly by fusion of the rocks of the
earth's crust or the mantle are called primary magmas and those that result from the evolution
of these are secondary magmas. The rise of magma to the surface can be slow or super-fast
giving rise to volcanic phenomena. The consequence is the formation of volcanic, sub volcanic,
hipabisal and plutonic rocks, which have different textures. During the rise of the magma,
changes in its composition take place, which is called differentiation. Mineral segregation also
occurs during its formation in the magma due to the difference in density of the latter with
recently originated minerals. The magmatic assimilation consists of the incorporation of box
rock in the same magma changing its composition thus forming differentiated or derived
magmas.
The Bowen series indicates the order of crystallization of minerals that is determined by
temperature and composition of the magma, the evolution of the series depends on the initial
content of silica, are divided into two discontinuous series (ferromagnesian minerals Olivine,
Pyroxene, Amphibole and Biotite) and continuous series (plagioclase) to together form the
Potassium Feldspar, Muscovite and Quartz.
Felis magma if it has elements rich in silica and poor in Mg and Fe and is mafic if it is poor in silica
but rich in Mg and Fe.