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Guia 1 Ejercicios Resueltos de Aplicación Del Principio de Los Trabajos Virtuales PDF
Guia 1 Ejercicios Resueltos de Aplicación Del Principio de Los Trabajos Virtuales PDF
ESTRUCTURAS
¾ Ejercicio Nº1:
Determinar el descenso de la sección media de la viga.
MA 0 MB 0
MC R A · 2m 14.28tm MD R A · 3,50m 10 · 1,50m 10tm
ESTRUCTURAS
MA 0 MB 0
MC R A · 2m 1tm MD R A · 3,50m 1,75tm
ESTRUCTURAS
5) Cálculo del descenso del Punto “D” (Despreciando los Esfuerzos de Corte y Normal)
M ⋅ M*
l
Te = Ti = X1 ⋅ δ A = ∫ dx
0
E⋅I
ESTRUCTURAS
54,58 · 54,58 ·
0,1397 13,97
· ·1 3 10 · 1,302 10
ESTRUCTURAS
¾ Ejercicio Nº2:
Calcular la Rotación del Punto “A”
Datos:
E = 300.000 kg/cm2
ESTRUCTURAS
1 t ⋅ (6 m ) 1t ⋅ 3 m
2
q ⋅ (6 m )
2
VD = 3,50 t
1 t ⋅ (6 m ) 1t ⋅ 3 m
2
q ⋅ (6 m )
2
∑ D
M = 0 => VA ⋅ 6 m −
2
+ H ⋅ 3 m => VA = m
2⋅6m
−
6m
=>
VA = 2,50 t
∑ FX = 0 => H - H D = 0 => H D = H =>
H = 1,00 t
M 0A = 0
M 0B = 0
q ⋅ (2 m )
2
M = H D ⋅ 3 m − VD ⋅ 2 m +
0
C = 2,00 tm
2
M 0D = 0
ESTRUCTURAS
X1 1tm
∑MA = 0 => VD ⋅ 6 m − X1 => VD = =
6m 6m
=>
VD = 0,17 t
X1 1tm
∑MD = 0 => VA ⋅ 6 m − X1 => VA = =
6m 6m
=>
VA = 0,17 t
∑ FX = 0 => H D = 0
ESTRUCTURAS
M1A = − 1tm
M1B = − 1tm
M 1C = − VD ⋅ 2 m = − 0,34 tm
M 1D = 0
M ⋅ M*
l
Te = Ti = X1 ⋅ Φ A = ∫ dx
0
E⋅I
1 ⎡B M ⋅ M * C
M ⋅ M*
D
M ⋅ M* ⎤
ΦA = ⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
X1 ⎢⎣ A E ⋅ I B
E⋅I C
E⋅I ⎥⎦
0,20 m ⋅ (0,20 m )
3
I AB = = 0,00013 m 4
12
0,20 m ⋅ (0,40 m )
3
I BC = = 0,00107 m 4
12
0,20 m ⋅ (0,30 m )
3
I CD = = 0,00045 m 4
12
Adoptando como I 0 = I BC = 0,00107 m 4
ESTRUCTURAS
1 ⎡B M ⋅ M * C
M ⋅ M*
D
M ⋅ M* ⎤
ΦA = ⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
X1 ⋅ E ⋅ I 0 ⎢⎣ A α AB B
α BC C
α CD ⎥⎦
• Tramo “AB”:
lAB = 3,00 m ; αAB = 0,121
Nota: Como el Momento Flector correspondiente al Estado “0”, para este tramo es igual a
cero, el valor de la integral para dicho tramo también valdrá cero.
M ⋅ M*
B
∫ α AB dx = 0
A
• Tramo “BC”:
lBC = 4,00 m ; αBC = 1,00
ESTRUCTURAS
M ⋅ M*
{[ ( ) ][ ( ) ]}
C
l BC
∫ α BC dx = α BC ⋅ − 13 ⋅ M B + M C ⋅ M BC − 16 ⋅ M B + 2 ⋅ M C ⋅ M BC
1 1 0− A 1 1 0− B
M ⋅ M*
{[ ][ ]}
C
4m
∫ α BC dx = 1,00 ⋅ − 13 ⋅ (1tm + 0,34tm ) ⋅ 2tm − 16 ⋅ (1tm + 2 ⋅ 0,34tm ) ⋅ 2tm
B
M ⋅ M*
C
∫B α BC dx = − 5,80 t m
2 3
• Tramo “CD”:
lCD = 3,61 m ; αCD = 0,422
M ⋅ M*
{[ ][ ]}
D
l CD
∫ α CD dx = α CD ⋅ − 13 ⋅ M C ⋅ M CD − 13 ⋅ M C ⋅ M CD
1 0− A 1 0− B
M ⋅ M*
{[ ][ ]}
D
3,61m
∫ α CD dx = 0,422 ⋅ − 13 ⋅ 0,34tm ⋅ 0,5tm − 13 ⋅ 0,34tm ⋅ 2tm
C
M ⋅ M*
C
∫ α BC dx = − 2,42 t m
2 3
B
Reemplazando los valores obtenidos en las integrales por tramos en la ecuación general y
además reemplazando en esta misma ecuación los datos de E e I0 tendremos como resultado la
rotación del punto “A”.
1 ⎡B M ⋅ M * C
M ⋅ M*
D
M ⋅ M* ⎤
ΦA = ⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
X1 ⋅ E ⋅ I 0 ⎢⎣ A α AB B
α BC C
α CD ⎥⎦
ΦA =
1
[
⋅ 0 − 5,80t 2 m 3 − 2,42t 2 m 3 ]
1tm ⋅ 0,00107m ⋅ 3000000
4 t
m2
Φ A = − 0,00256rad = 0,146"
ESTRUCTURAS
¾ Ejercicio Nº3:
q = 1t/m At = 5 cm²
2t
1t
D 30/50 F E 30/50
C
30/30 30/30
A B
RC
q = 1t/m
2t
1t
D 30/50 F E 30/50
C
30/30 30/30
B
H
A RB
V
RA RB
ESTRUCTURAS
-9tm
-5tm
-
1tm -
D
+ F E -4tm C
+ -
A
B
ESTRUCTURAS
+ 0,75t
-1t
-
D F E C
-
- -8,75t
-0.56t
A
B
RC
X1=1t
D 30/50 F E 30/50
C
30/30 30/30
B
H
A RB
V
RA RB
ESTRUCTURAS
MA = 0 NAD = 0
MD = 0 NDE = -1t (compresión)
MF = 0 NEC = 0
ME =0 (izquierda) NBE = 1t (tracción)
ME = -4tm (abajo) NC = 1t (tracción)
ME = 4tm (derecha)
MC = 0
MB = 0
-4tm
D F E + C
4tm
-
A
B
ESTRUCTURAS
+ 1t
-1t
-
D F E C
+ 1t
M ⋅ M*
l l
NN
Te = Ti = X 1 ⋅ δ D = ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0
E⋅I 0
EΩ
⎡ M⋅M D E
M ⋅ M* * C
M ⋅ M*
E
M ⋅ M*
D
N⋅ N* ⎤
⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ⎥
1 ⎢A E ⋅I E⋅I E⋅I E⋅I E⋅Ω ⎥
δD = ⋅ E D E B A
X1 ⎢ N⋅N * C
N⋅N * E
N⋅N * ⎥
⎢+ ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
⎢⎣ D E ⋅ Ω E
E ⋅ Ω B
E ⋅ Ω ⎥⎦
0,30 m ⋅ (0,30 m )
3
I AD = I EB = = 6,75 ⋅10 − 4 m 4
12
0,30 m ⋅ (0,50 m )
3
I DF = I FE = I EC = = 3,125 ⋅10 −3 m 4
12
ESTRUCTURAS
- Momentos flectores:
Tramo AD = Tramo DE = 0
Tramo EB (l = 4m)
1
-4tm
5·4·4·4 12,8
59,26
-
4tm
Tramo EC (l = 4m)
-5tm
1
- 5·4· 5·4 16
16
4tm
ESTRUCTURAS
- Esfuerzos Normales:
Tramo AD = Tramo EC = 0
· ·
Tramo DE (l = 4m) = 26,66
,
· , ·
Tramo BE (l = 4m) = 388,88
,
1 ⎡D M ⋅ M* E
M ⋅ M*
C
M ⋅ M*
E
M ⋅ M* ⎤
X1 ⋅ E ⋅ I 0 ⎣ ∫A α AD
δ =
H
D ⋅⎢ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥ +
D
α DE E
α EC B
α BE ⎦
1 ⎡ N⋅N *
N⋅N *
N⋅ N *
N⋅N *
⎤
D E C E
⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
X1 ⋅ E ⎣ A E ⋅ Ω AD D
E ⋅ Ω DE E
E ⋅ Ω EC B
E ⋅ Ω BE ⎦
δ DH =
1
−3
[
⋅ 59,26tn 2 ⋅ m 3 − 16tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + ]
1tn ⋅ 3 ⋅10 6 tn
⋅ 3,125 ⋅10
m2
1
[
⋅ 26,66tn 2 ⋅ m 3 − 388,88tn 2 ⋅ m 3 ]
1tn ⋅ 3 ⋅10 6 tn
m2
= 4,61⋅10 −3 m − 1,2074 ⋅10 − 4 m = 4,5 ⋅10 −3 m
Para Acero
6,42 · 10
RC
X 2=1t
D 30/50 F E 30/50
C
30/30 30/30
B
H
A RB
V
RA RB
ESTRUCTURAS
-1tm
D - -
+ F E C
+ 1tm
A
B
ESTRUCTURAS
- -0.25t
D
F E C
- -0.75t
-
-0.56t
A B
- Momentos flectores:
Tramo AD (l = 4,47m)
1
1tm
3 · 4,47 · 1 · 1 1,49
6,9
+
1tm
Tramo DF (l = 2m)
+
5
12 · 2 · 1 · 1 0,83
1tm
0,83
+
1tm
ESTRUCTURAS
Tramo FE (l = 2m)
-9tm
1
5·2·1·9 3,6
3,6
-
-1tm
Tramo EC (l = 4m)
-5tm
1
- 5·4·5·1 4
4
-1tm
- Esfuerzos Normales:
, · , · ,
Tramo AD (l=4,47m) = 15,55
,
· , · ,
Tramo BE (l = 4m) = 291,66
,
1 ⎡D M ⋅ M* E
M ⋅ M*
C
M ⋅ M*
E
M ⋅ M* ⎤
δ DV = ⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥ +
X1 ⋅ E ⋅ I 0
⎣ A
α AD D
α DE E
α EC B
α BE ⎦
1 ⎡ N⋅N *
N⋅N *
N⋅N *
N⋅N *
⎤
D E C E
⋅ ⎢∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎥
X1 ⋅ E ⎣ A E ⋅ Ω AD D
E ⋅ Ω DE E
E ⋅ Ω EC B
E ⋅ Ω BE ⎦
δ DV =
1
−3
[
⋅ 6,9tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + 0,83tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + 3,6tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + 4tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + ]
1tn ⋅ 3 ⋅10 6 tn
⋅ 3,125 ⋅10
m2
1
[
⋅ 15,55tn 2 ⋅ m 3 + 291,66tn 2 ⋅ m 3 ]
1tn ⋅ 3 ⋅10 6 tn
m2
= 1,63 ⋅10 −3 m + 1,024 ⋅10 −4 m = 1,73 ⋅10 −3 m
Para Acero
6,42 · 10
ESTRUCTURAS
El Desplazamiento del punto D estará dado por la suma de los desplazamientos horizontal y
vertical entonces será
HORMIGON
ACERO