Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Carlos ZAVALA
czavala@uni.edu.pe
Daños en Mampostería en el
Sismo de Pisco 15/8/2007
Errores y lecciones
AUSENCIA DE
REFUERZO
Espectro de aceleraciones
0.3
0.25
Aceleración (g)
0.2
0.15
T1=0.0714s T2=0.059s T3=0.0327s 0.1
0.05
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Periodo
Block in Material Wall L (m) L(cm) t (cm) e (cm) h (m) h(cm) Awall(m2)
Side Masonry AB1 1.50 150.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.20
Side Masonry B'C1 0.50 50.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.07
width Masonry AB2 2.50 250.00 25.00 23.00 2.50 250.00 0.58
Side Masonry AA'3 0.70 70.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.09
side Masonry CD'1 2.70 270.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.35
side Masonry DD'3 0.80 80.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.10
side Masonry D'E3 0.80 80.00 15.00 13.00 2.50 250.00 0.10
width Concrete D'E2 1.20 120.00 25.00 212.38 2.50 250.00 2.55
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
Ec=
DE INGENIERIA
217000 kg/cm2
∑Awall=
Ahouse(m2)=
4.03 m2
51.00 m2
Em= 23500 kg/cm2
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL - CISMID
Wall Density= 7.9% ≥ 4.0%
OK
Incremento en Rigidez y Densidad
Table 3: Wall stiffness on first floor including additional elements
Element L(cm) E (cm) t (cm) h(cm) Kx (kg/cm) Ky (kg/cm)
Wall AB1 150.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 12989.76 123.66
Wall B'C1 50.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 593.20 41.22
Walll AB2 250.00 25.00 23.00 250.00 77214.29 1136.48
Wall AA'3 70.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 1583.48 57.71
Wall CD'1 270.00 15.00 13.00 375.00 20526.22 66.03
Wall DD'3 80.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 2324.16 65.95
Wall D'E3 80.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 2324.16 65.95
Col-Axis 2A 15.00 25.00 23.00 250.00 1078.06 2534.63
Col-Axis 2C 15.00 25.00 23.00 250.00 1078.06 2534.63
Col-Axis 2D 15.00 25.00 23.00 250.00 1078.06 2534.63
Col-Axis 1A 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 1C 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 1D' 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 3A 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 3B 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 3C 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 3D 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
Col-Axis 3D 30.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 4874.69 915.36
S-wallD'E2 120.00 25.00 23.00 250.00 117659.59 5037.28
Wall-32ª 395.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 325.64 104880.00
Wall-21ª 275.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 226.71 53292.33
Wall-32C 295.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 243.20 61383.64
Wall-21C 275.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 226.71 53292.33
Wall-32D 295.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 243.20 61383.64
Wall-21D' 245.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 201.98 41785.47
Wall-32E 395.00 15.00 13.00 250.00 325.64 104880.00
Σ 279239.60 502418.45
Dentro de Rigidez:
Xr=Σ(KyXi)/ΣKy Xr=3.72m.
Yr=Σ(KxYi)/ΣKx Yr = 4.28m.
Jalando
Empujando
O
E
60 150 150
D es p la z am ien to Prim er N ivel
45
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-15 -50 -50
-30
-100 -100
-45
-60 -150 -150
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 De s p lazam ie n to Prim e r Niv e l (m m )
De s p lazam ie n to e n e l Pr im e r Nive l (m m )
Paso de Ensayo
x1-norte CH-100 x1-centro
x1-norte x1-centro CH-100 x1-north CH-100 x1-center
HISTORIA DE DESPLAZAMIENTO DEL SEGUNDO NIVEL Cu rva d e H is téres is d e la Vivien d a Cu r va d e Cap acid ad Exp e r im e n tal d e la Vivie n d a
75 150 150
D e s pla za m ie nto S e gundo
60
100 100
Co rte en la b ase (t)
45
15
0 0
0
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-15 -50 -50
-30
-100 -100
-45
-60 -150
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
-150
Desp laz am ien to d el Seg u n d o n ivel (m m )
Paso de Ensayo De s p lazam ie n to e n e l Se g u n d o Nive l (m m )
CH-102 CH-103 CH-101 CH-102 CH-103 CH-101
CH-102 CH-103 CH-101
Cu rva d e H is téres is d e la Vivien d a-D es p laz am ien to d el Cu r va d e Cap acid ad Exp e r im e n tal d e la Vivie n d a-
Cen tro d e Mas a Seg u n d o N ivel De s p lazam ie n to d e l Ce n tro d e M as a Se g u n d o Nive l
150 150
100 100
Co rte en la b as e (t)
0 0
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-50 -50
Eje Eje Desp.CM
Norte Centro
-100 -100
Desp. CM
Eje
CM-Techo(Segundo Nivel) Sur -150 -150
D es p laz am ien to d el Seg u n d o n ivel (m m ) De s p lazam ie n to e n e l Se g u n d o Nive l (m m )
100
E
Corte en la Base (t)
50
0
O
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-50 E
-100
-150 -3
O
Cu r va Es q u e lo to id e d e la His to r ia d e Ro tació n
Eje No r te (1) - Eje Su r (3)
150
Eje Eje Eje Eje Eje Eje
Norte Centro Sur Norte Centro Sur
100
Co rte en la Base (t)
50
0
Empujando
-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-50
-100
-150
Ro tació n (r ad x 10 -3) Jalando
46
662 5
465
5
59 615
349
302 349 63 325 0 34 430 430 323
6 557 9 30 323
3 23 495 495
46
46
5
46
5 5
2 430
323 615
5
49
302 46 5 57 5 57 323 3 495 433
59
40
59
59 349
43
0
5 557
0
46 433
0
433 615 495
0
52 5 5 61 5
59 61 43 3
5 59 0 59 59 5 3 323 49 5 615 557
52 0 43 373 323
349
0 0 49
59
323
5 323 49 5 430
557
662
0
3
32 323 495
30
590
52
373
557
63
59 61 5
59
557
2
63
0
5
0
5
43
6
0
430
61
7
52
55
323
59
465
59
465 465
430
0
3
590
400 323 3
32 577 43
0
46
52
63
302 7
373 55
557
525
46
5
40
6
525 34
7
0 373
59
46
3 373
55
7
32 3 9 495
55
46
557
3 2 33 4
0
5
495 373
52
4 00 433 557
5
3 3
55
3 2 4
32
4 65
43
46
3 3 00 7 34
63
7
43 55
5
9
6
0
57
43
59
40 5
0 49
0
557
557
40 7
63 636
0 7 4 55 373
636
3
6
32 6 495 0
0 43
7
5 55 55 7 5
43 7 61
55
302 55 433 495 63
52
430 6
302 5
52
5
61
495 373
52
349
5
302 323 7 0
5 55 557 59 43
40
5
61 0
590
615
43
465 0
63
59 557
63
0
43
6 7
6
143 7 590 495 59 0 555 7
430 55
3
52 525
323
55 7
30
63
0
55 5 5 143
5
90 323
6
2
63
86 430
52 6
63
6
349
433
59
6
5
302
63
557
63
7
557
7 55
6
495 55 0
349
59
5 43
59
52
61
0
59
373
248 248 349
0 63
323
400
5
557 5 302
0
525 615 49
40
59
495 495
6
0
0
323
557 7 63
557
323
495 55 6 3
52
7 37
349
495 55 5
63
5
557 49
3
557
63
63
373 37
63
59
557
349
6
59
6
6
430
0
323
636
0
7 95 590 5
400
495 55 4 49
59
430
465
495 5
0
49
59
0
525 662
0 662
465 52 43 662 495
2
5 465 465 5
66
6 1 46 66 59 433 49 5
282 5 2 373
330 46 5
430 433
0
46
207 0
3
59 4 6 5 495
46 43
32
59
615 590 0 5
5 433 59
662
0
662 433
430
662 52
5 43
0
323 495 0 430
34
46
5
46
5 46 9 495
662 46 433
430
662 5 7 5
323
20
59
3 433 49
66
5 46
43 7
0
5
557 55 30
59
34 302
2
0 52
323
43 3
430
3 495
0 636
5
12 9 8 12 4 207 495
16
662
52
323
0
465 24
18
43
5
52
5 207 495
495
525 433 8 5
49 49 430
6
323
5
0
430
43
465
55 7
8
52 0 23 433
16
5 4593 430 7
5 55
557
430
430
235 525
465 5 0 49 323
49 235 430
636
3
430 4 33
557
590
430
557
12
465
557 495
46
46
0 7 5
43 439 207
5
557 465 3 4 20 49
5
34
430
7
495
46
557
5 3
32
590
40
5
55
557
465 248 323
1
63
49
7 8 0 465 433 349 207
0
6
557 3 16 43 18 207 284
495
6 323
557
430
615
59
0
61 433
430
433
34
615
5 662 59 36
8
34
430
61
0
24
557
9
349
495
7 0
465
465 7
40
9
495
465 16 7 107 55
55 86 5
2
49
66
37 0 66 207 25 4 349
59
34
8
5 7
5
86 43 7
16
349 465 49
55
123
248 5 33 323
9
3
0
57 46 2 15 207
323
4 43 2 465
20
40 34
14
66
495
28
66
59 1
495
590 0 9 430 66
3
207
15
0
7
5
40 3
66
123
557
2
151
49
49 5
323
495
2
43 3
55
168
349
1
5
55 7
20
590
0 02
32
49 7
10
3
7
248 43 2
0
349 3
7
465
433 43
55 07
7
0 323
323 433 323
20
43
495
15
7
465 465
66 7
15
28
349
20
186
433
1
15 323
7
349 662
1
18
1
4
3
207
1 7 433
0
7
12
43
49
557
2 302 24
46
495 66 8 5 3
49 9 48 323
18
8 37 525
248
430
662
55
433
14
433
20
9
3
34
3 43
6
323 433
615
5
7
3
61
7
495
46
465 43
433
433 433
349
5
7
4 65
46
55 349
40
557
5
0
3
43
0
32
5
61
Vista S
Distorsión > 1/100
DEGRADACION DE LA RIGIDEZ
50
45
40
35
RIGIDEZ (t/mm)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
deformación(mm)
w = ( 0.35 + 0.022 λ ) h
λ = (Ec Ac) / (Gm Am)
K = Em A / L.
15
10
PROPUESTA
5
EXPERIMENTAL
0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5
Deform ación(cm )
100
100
75
75
50
50
25
25
0
0
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Distorsión Prim er Nivel(m m /m m ) Distorsión Global(mm/mm)
Centro de Masa PROPUESTA Centro de Masa PROPUESTA
125
Corte basal (tf)
100
Sobreresistencia
75
50
25
0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
distorsion en prim er piso
x1c-north x1c-center
x1c-south initial cracking
Diagonal Cracking