CALCULO INTEGRAL

FASE 3 - TRABAJO COLABORATIVO

PRESENTADO POR:

YAMILETH LÓPEZ ROJAS

CÓDIGO: 1006430994
YON FREDDY CUELLAR
CÓDIGO: 1.060.206.766
MARGENETH GARZÓN MARTINEZ
CÓDIGO: 1.075.542.076

CARLOS ARTURO PALACIOS GÓMEZ

CÓDIGO: 1030652510

CURSO: 100411_354

TUTOR:
RODOLFO LÓPEZ GARIBELLO

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA- UNAD

FLORENCIA CAQUETÁ
OCTUBRE 2016
Primera parte (punto 1 al 4)

Evaluar las siguientes integrales impropias si convergen o divergen:


1
1.  dx
2
( x  1) 2

∞
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 1
(𝑋 − 1)2
2
∞
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 (𝑥 − 1)2
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 1)2

Aplicar integración por sustitución:∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑢 = (𝑥 −

1) 𝑑𝑢 = 1𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Sustituir:𝑢 = (𝑥 − 1) =1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥((𝑥 − 1))
𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑥) − (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥) = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: (𝑥) = 1
𝑑𝑥
=1
𝑑
(1) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 (𝑎) = 0
𝑑𝑥
 =0
=1−0
=1
→ 𝑑𝑢 = 1𝑑𝑥
→ 𝑑𝑥 = 1𝑑𝑢
1
=∫ .1𝑑𝑢
𝑢2
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢2

= ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢

𝑥 𝑞+1
𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎: ∫ 𝑥 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = , 𝑎 ≠ −1
𝑎+1
𝑢−2+1
=
−2 + 1
(𝑥 − 1)−2+1
=
−2 + 1
1
=−
𝑥−1
1
=− +𝑐
𝑥−1
∞ ∞
1 1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 0 − (−1)
2 (𝑥 − 1) 2 (𝑥 − 1)

= 0 − (−1)
=1


1
2. 

1  x2
dx

∞
1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙: 3.14159)
−∞ 1 + 𝑥
 ∞
1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
−∞ 1 + 𝑥

1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = arctan(𝑥) + 𝑐
1 + 𝑥2
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑥2
= arctan(𝑥)
= arctan(𝑥) + 𝑐
∞ ∞
1 1 𝜋 𝜋
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥: ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = − (− )
−∞ 1 + 𝑥 −∞ 1 + 𝑥 2 2

𝜋
lim → −∞ (arctan(𝑥)) = −
𝑥 2
lim → −∞ (arctan(𝑥))
𝑥
𝜋
=−
2
𝜋
lim → ∞(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥)) =
𝑥 2
lixm ∞ (arctan(𝑥))
𝑥
𝜋
=
2
𝜋 𝜋
= − (− )
2 2
=𝜋

3.

𝟑
𝟏
∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 √𝟑 − 𝒙
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑓 = (−∞, 3)
√3 − 𝑥
𝑎
1 1
lim+ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑑𝑥 → −2√3 − 𝑥
𝑎→3 0 √3 − 𝑥 √3 − 𝑥
𝑎
lim [−2√3 − 𝑥] ]
𝑎→3+ 0
 lim [−2√3 − 𝑎 − (−2√3 − 0)]
𝑎→3+
3+ = 3.0001
[−2√3 − 3.0001 − (−2√3 − 0)]
[−2√0.0001 + 2√3]
+
0.0001 = 0
−2√0+ + 2√3
𝟐√𝟑

4.
𝟕
𝟏
∫ 𝟐⁄ 𝒅𝒙
−𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝟑
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2⁄ 𝐷𝑓 = [−2, −1)𝑈(−1,7]
(𝑥 + 1) 3
𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑: ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎 𝑐
7 −1 7
1 1 1
∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2⁄ 𝑑𝑥
−2 (𝑥 + 1) ⁄3 −2 (𝑥 + 1) ⁄3 −1 (𝑥 + 1) 3
−1
1
𝐼1= ∫ 2⁄ 𝑑𝑥
−2 (𝑥 + 1) 3
7
1
𝐼2 = ∫ 2⁄ 𝑑𝑥
−1 (𝑥 + 1) 3
−1
1
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜: 𝐼1 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) ⁄3
−2
𝑎
1 1
lim ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎→−1 −2 (𝑥 + 1) ⁄3 (𝑥 + 1) ⁄3
𝑢 =𝑥+1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 −
2 𝑢−3+1 (𝑥 + 1)−3+1
∫ 2 → ∫𝑢 3 → → →
2 2
𝑢3 −3 + 1 −3+1

𝑎 3
lim [3√𝑥 + 1] ]
𝑎→−1 −2
3 3
lim [3√𝑎 + 1 − 3√−2 + 1]
𝑎→−1
3 3
[3√−1 + 1 − 3√−2 + 1]
3 3
[3√0 − 3 √−1]
 3 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
7
1
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑠: 𝐼2 = ∫ 2⁄ 𝑑𝑥
−1 (𝑥 + 1) 3
7
1
lim ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑏→−1 𝑏 (𝑥 + 1)2⁄3

1 3
∫ 2⁄ 𝑑𝑥 → 3√𝑥 + 1
(𝑥 + 1) 3
3 7
lim [3√𝑥 + 1] ]
𝑏→−1 𝑏
3 3
lim [3√7 + 1 − 3 √𝑏 + 1]
𝑏→−1
3 3
[3√8 − 3 √−1 + 1] → 3 ∗ 2 − 0
6 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 → 𝟑 + 𝟔 = 𝟗 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆

Segunda parte (punto 5 al 8)

Integral Indefinida - Integral Definida

Aplicando las propiedades y definición de integral, resolver las siguientes integrales:

5.

x2  1
 x
dx

𝑥2 1
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 √𝑥
5
𝑥2 2𝑥 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 =
√𝑥 5
𝑥2
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
3
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
 3+1
𝑥 2
=
3
2+1
5
2𝑥 2
=
5
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥
√𝑥

1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑥 − 2 +1
=
1
−2 + 1

= 2√𝑥
5
2𝑥 2
= + 2√𝑥
5
5
2𝑥 2
= + 2√𝑥 + 𝑐
5
6.

𝟒
𝟏
∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 + √𝒙

√4 2
1 1
∫ ( ) ∗ 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 → ∫ ∗ 2𝑢𝑑𝑢
1 1 + |𝑢|
2
√1 1 + √𝑢
2 2
𝑢 𝑢
2∫ 𝑑𝑢 → 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢
1 1 + |𝑢| 1 1+𝑢
3 3
2 (1 − 𝑙𝑛 ) → 2 − 2𝑙𝑛 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟗
2 2
Nota: Se usó el método de sustitución.
 7.
𝝅
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 √𝟏 + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙)
𝑢 = 1 + 2 cos(𝑥)
𝑑𝑢
= −2sin(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
∫− 𝑑𝑢 → − ∫ → − 𝑙 𝑛|𝑢|
2𝑢 2 𝑢 2
1
− ln|1 + 2 cos(𝑥)| + 𝑐
2
𝜋
2 sin(𝑥) ln(3)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0 − (− )
0 √1 + 2 cos(𝑥) 2
𝐥𝐧(𝟑)
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒
𝟐
Nota: Se usó el método de sustitución.

1
8.  4 x 2
dx

1 𝑋2 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐼𝑛 (√ +1+ )+𝑐
√4 + 𝑥 2 4 2

1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4 + 𝑥 2
2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
√4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑢) + 4
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑢
√4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑢) + 4
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑢
√4√𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑢) + 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑢
√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)√4
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑢)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑢)√4
 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑢)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑢
2
1
= 2 ∫ sec(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2

1
= 2. ∫ sec(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2
1
= 2. ln(tan(𝑢) + sec(𝑢))
2
1 1
= 2. ln(tan (arctan ( 𝑥))
2 𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥
= ln(√ + 1 + )
4 2

𝑥2 𝑥
= ln(√ + 1 + ) + 𝑐
4 2

Tercera parte (punto 9 al 12)

Resolver las siguientes integrales enunciando claramente la técnica o propiedad

usada.

 x sec
2
9. ( x) dx

∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥) + ln |cos(𝑥)| + 𝑐

𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 ∫ 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑢𝑣

𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑢 = 1, 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥), 𝑣 = tan(𝑥)

= 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) − ∫ 1 tan(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) − ∫ tan(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 ∫ tan(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑙𝑛|cos(𝑥)|

= 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) − (−𝑙𝑛|cos(𝑥)|)
= 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑛|cos(𝑥)|
= 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑛|cos(𝑥)| + 𝑐

2𝑥
10. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−10

𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10

𝑢´ = 2𝑥 − 3

𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
3+ = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

3 + 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
3+∫
𝑈

3 + 𝐿𝑛|𝑈| + 𝐶

3 + 𝐿𝑛|𝑋 2 − 3𝑥 − 10| + 𝐶

ex
11.  16  e 2 x dx 𝑒𝑥 1 𝑒𝑥
∫ 16−𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4 arctanh ( 4 ) + 𝑐

𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
16 − 𝑒 2𝑥

𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: ∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢, 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥
 1
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
16 − 𝑢2
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑣
4 − 4𝑣 2
1 1
=∫ . 𝑑𝑣
4 −𝑣 2 + 1
1 1
= ∫ 2
𝑑𝑣
4 −𝑣 + 1
1
= arctanh(𝑣)
4
1 1
= arctanh( 𝑒 𝑥 )
4 4
1 𝑒𝑥
= arctanh( )
4 4
1 𝑒𝑥
= arctanh ( ) + 𝑐
4 4

12.
𝝅
𝟒
∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 (𝒙) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟎

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 ∫ sin2 (𝑥) cos2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥

∫ sin2 (𝑥) cos2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1 − cos(4𝑥)
𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑥) =
8
1 − cos(4𝑥) 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(4𝑥))𝑑𝑥 → (∫ 1𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥)
8 8 8
𝑢 = 4𝑥
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
4
1 1 1 1 1 1
(𝑥 − ∫ cos(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢) → (𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜 𝑠(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢) → (𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖 𝑛(4𝑥) + 𝑐)
8 4 8 4 8 4
𝜋
1 1
→ 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖 𝑛(4𝑥)] 4
8 32 0
 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 1
[ ( )− sin (4 )] − [ (0) − sin(4 ∗ 0)]
8 4 32 4 8 32
𝜋
−0
32
𝜋
32
𝜋
4 𝜋 𝝅
∫ sin2 (𝑥) cos 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = −0→
0 32 𝟑𝟐
Nota: Se usó el método de sustitución.