Competencia Producir 12-15

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA Versión: 02
SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIÓN

Procedimiento Ejecución de la Formación Profesional Integral Fecha: 30/09/2013
WORKSHOP Código: F004-P006-
GFPI
Modal Verbs
En este taller usted va a encontrar un nuevo tema relacionado con los

verbos modales del inglés. Los verbos modales te ayudan a expresar lo
que puedes hacer, lo que deberías hacer, lo que tienes que hacer y lo que
es permitido hacer. Observa con atención.
GFPI
The following explanation was retrived from:

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/modal-verbs/
Modal Verbs
Can, Could
Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in

English:
Present and Future:
1. Tom can write poetry very well.

2. I can help you with that next week.
3. Lisa can’t speak French.
GFPI
Be Able To
1. Mike is able to solve complicated math equations

2. The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes.
3. I won’t be able to visit you next summer.
Past:
could / couldn’t + base form of the verb
1. When I was a child I couldplay the guitar
Possibility / Impossibility
can / can’t + base form of the verb
1. You can catch that train at 10:43.

2. He can’t see you right now. He’s in surgery.
could + base form of the verb
1. I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.
Ask Permission / Give Permission
Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal)
1. Can you lend me ten dollars?
Can + base form of the verb (informal)
1. You can borrow my car.
Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)
1. Could I have your number?

2. Could I talk to your supervisor please?
Make a suggestion – To make a suggestion use:
Could + base form of the verb (informal)

GFPI
1. You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow.
Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to
Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples.
1. Ben could not help his little brother with his homework yesterday.
2. Can I call you later tonight?
1. _______ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?

2. ______ you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down.
(polite)
3. The students _______ to buy their textbooks today. The
bookstore is all out of them.
4. ______ you teach me how to fix my computer? You’re so good at
it.
5. ______ you ______ reach the customer if you call him at 4:00 his
time?
Answers:
1. Could
2. Could
3. aren’t able
4. Can
5. Will/be able to
May, Might
Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition
may / may not + base form of the verb
1. You may start your exam now.

2. You may not wear sandals to work.
Polite Request
May + subject + base form of the verb
1. May I help you?

GFPI
Possibility / Negative Possibility
may/ might + base form of the verb
1. We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?

2. Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price.
may not / might not + base form of the verb
1. Adam and Sue may not buy that house. It’s very expensive.
2. They might not buy a house at all.
To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)
may as well / might as well + base form of the verb
1. You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.

2. We might as well take Friday off. There’s no work to be done
anyway.
Polite Suggestion
might + base form of the verb
1. You might like to try the salmon fillet. It’s our special today.
Exercises: May / Might
Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.
1. May I sit here?
1. They ______ finish the project on time. The main engineer is ill.
2. You _____ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your way
out.
3. _____ I have your autograph?
4. He _______ visit the Louvre. He’s in Paris anyway.
5. You ______ park your car here. It’s reserved for guests of the
hotel only.
Answers:
GFPI
1. might not
2. might
3. May
4. may as well
5. may not
Shall, Should, Ought to
To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite

sure of a positive answer)
Shall + subject + base form of the verb
1. Shall we go for a walk?
Note: Shall is only used with I or we. It is used instead of will only in
formal English.
To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not

sure of a positive answer)
Should + subject + base form of the verb
1. Should I call a doctor?
A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen
should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb
1. The proposal should be finished on time.

2. I shouldn’t be late. The train usually arrives on time.
To Give Advice
should / ought to + base form of the verb
1. You should check that document before you send it out.

2. You ought to have your car serviced before the winter.
GFPI
To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or

unacceptable)
shouldn’t + base form of the verb
1. James shouldn’t teach him words like those.
Exercises: Should, Shouldn’t, Ought To
Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought in the following sentences as in the

example.
1. He shouldn’t encourage such bad behavior.
1. You _____ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

2. The house ______ be ready to move into by next month. It’s
almost finished.
3. Ron ________ to improve his attitude. If he doesn’t, he might get
fired.
4. ________ I get your jacket? It’s cold in here.
5. You ________ put your feet on the table. It’s not polite.
Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t have to, Needn’t
Necessity or Requirement
Present and Future:
must / have to / need to + base form of the verb
1. You must have a passport to cross the border.

2. Elisabeth has to apply for her visa by March 10th.
3. I need to drop by his room to pick up a book.
Past:
had to / needed to + base form of the verb
1. I had to work late last night.

2. I needed to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake.
GFPI
Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but
many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent,
something in which you have a choice.
Almost 100% Certain
must + base form of the verb
1. Thomas has lived in Paris for years. His French must be very
good.
Prohibited or Forbidden
must not / mustn’t + base form of the verb
1. You must not drive over the speed limit.

2. You mustn’t leave medicines where children can get to them.
Lack of Necessity
don’t /doesn’t /didn’t + have to + base form of the verb
1. You don’t have to park the car. The hotel valet will do it for you.
2. Tim doesn’t have to go to school today. It’s a holiday.
needn’t + base form of the verb
1. You needn’t worry about me. I’ll be fine.
Modals: Will / Would
will / won’t + base form of the verb
1. John will pick you up at 7:00am.

2. Beth won’t be happy with the results of the exam.
Polite Request or Statement
Will / Would + base form of the verb
1. Will you please take the trash out?

GFPI
2. Would you mind if I sat here?

3. I’d (I would) like to sign up for your workshop.
Habitual Past Action
Would/Wouldn’t + base form of the verb
1. When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my train

set.
2. Peter wouldn’t eat broccoli when he was a kid. He loves it now.
The two links below contain videos about the explanation of this topic,
please watch them:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaBH_huiJSM
https://prezi.com/lhgtsypo1jeo/modals-verbs/ Explaining modal verbs.
GFPI
ACTIVITY
1. Look at the images (1-6) and rewrite each situation using modals.
Look at the example:
Example: 1 Can you open the door?

Could you open the door?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
GFPI
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________
2. Look at the following charts and identify the way modal verbs are
used. Write examples in each case.
CAN YOUR EXAMPLES

ability I can speak English.
permission Can I go to the cinema?
request Can you wait a moment, please?
offer I can lend you my car till
tomorrow.
suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the
weekend?
possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.
2) COULD
Use COULD EXAMPLES YOUR EXAMPLES
Ability in the past I could speak English.
permission to do I could go to the
sth. in the past cinema.
polite question * Could I go to the
cinema, please?
polite request * Could you wait a
moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my
car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion * Could we visit
Grandma at the
weekend?
possibility * It could get very hot
in Montana.
GFPI
3) MAY
Use Examples YOUR EXAMPLES
possibility It may rain today.
permission May I go to the
cinema?
polite suggestion May I help you?
4) MIGHT
Use Examples YOUR
EXAMPLES
possibility (less possible than It might rain
may) * today.
hesitant offer * Might I help
you?
5) MUST
Use Examples
force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.
GFPI
possibility You must be tired.

advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad
Pitt.
Write your examples here
6) MUST NOT/
Use Examples
prohibition You mustn't work on dad's computer.
7) OUGHT TO
Use Examples
advice You ought to drive carefully in bad
weather.
obligation You ought to switch off the light when
you leave the room.
9) SHALL : I/WE
Use Examples
GFPI
suggestion Shall I carry your bag?

Shall we go?
10) SHOULD
Use Examples
advice You should drive carefully in bad
weather.
obligation You should switch off the light when
you leave the room.
11)WILL
Use Examples
wish, request, demand, order Will you please shut the door?
(less polite than would)
prediction, assumption I think it will rain on Friday.
promise I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision Can somebody drive me to the station?
- I will.
habits She's strange, she'll sit for hours
without talking.
GFPI
THE PRESENT PERFECT

In this section you will learn how to use the present perfect tense. The
present perfect is used to express unfinished actions.
Example: I have studied English for two years= you started in the past
and you may be studying at present.
Look at the image and identify when the present perfect is used:
Retrived from:
https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=THE+PRESENT+PERFECT+
IN+ENGLISH&biw=1280&bih=911&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ei=vbJmVf3HPMTtsAWswIHgAw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAw#imgr
c=Z3wA6x3IGRZiSM%253A%3BdVE3m2KFSE1pAM%3Bhttp%25
3A%252F%252Ftx.english-
ch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fthe%252520present
%252520perfect.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftx.english-
ch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fothers%252Fthe-
present-perfect%252F%3B685%3B334
GFPI
The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE has the following structure:

The auxiliary verb “to have" and the past participle of a verb.
The following chart show you the present perfect forms:
Complete the table in present perfect simple.

positive negative question
He has written a
letter.
They have not
stopped.
GFPI
Have we danced?
She has worked.
Andy has not slept.
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1. they / ask / a question -

2. he / speak / English -
3. I / be / in my room -
4. we / not / wash / the car -
5. Annie / not / forget / her homework -
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1. they / finish / their homework -

2. Sue / kiss / Ben -
3. the waiter / bring / the tea -
4. Marilyn / pay / the bill -
5. you / ever / write / a poem -
Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.
1. They have talked about art at school. -

2. Jane has got a letter. -
3. Oliver has cooked dinner. -
4. Caron has read seven pages. -
5. You have heard the song 100 times. -

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SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA Versión: 02

SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIÓN

En este taller usted va a encontrar un nuevo tema relacionado con los

The following explanation was retrived from:

Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in

Present and Future:

1. Tom can write poetry very well.

1. Mike is able to solve complicated math equations

could / couldn’t + base form of the verb

1. When I was a child I couldplay the guitar

can / can’t + base form of the verb

1. You can catch that train at 10:43.

could + base form of the verb

1. I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.

Ask Permission / Give Permission

Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal)

1. Can you lend me ten dollars?

Can + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You can borrow my car.

Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)

1. Could I have your number?

Make a suggestion – To make a suggestion use:

Could + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow.

Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to

Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples.

1. _______ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?

Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition

may / may not + base form of the verb

1. You may start your exam now.

May + subject + base form of the verb

1. May I help you?

Possibility / Negative Possibility

may/ might + base form of the verb

1. We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?

may not / might not + base form of the verb

To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)

may as well / might as well + base form of the verb

1. You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.

might + base form of the verb

Exercises: May / Might

Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.

1. May I sit here?

Shall, Should, Ought to

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite

Shall + subject + base form of the verb

1. Shall we go for a walk?

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not

Should + subject + base form of the verb

1. Should I call a doctor?

A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen

should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. The proposal should be finished on time.

should / ought to + base form of the verb

1. You should check that document before you send it out.

To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or

shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. James shouldn’t teach him words like those.

Exercises: Should, Shouldn’t, Ought To

Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought in the following sentences as in the

1. He shouldn’t encourage such bad behavior.

1. You _____ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t have to, Needn’t