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Problemas Resueltos 04 Fisica II MECANICA DE FLUIDOS PDF
Problemas Resueltos 04 Fisica II MECANICA DE FLUIDOS PDF
(ESTÁTICA Y DINÁMICA DE
FLUIDOS).
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠: 𝑎)
ℎ = 0.5 𝑘𝑚 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑔 = 3.71 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = (103 𝑚3 ) (3.71 𝑠 2) (0.5𝑥103 𝑚)
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.855𝑥106 𝑃𝑎
𝑏)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
1.855𝑥106 𝑃𝑎 = (103 3
) (9.81 2 ) (ℎ) → ℎ = 189.093𝑚
𝑚 𝑠
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝜌 = 1050 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = 5980 𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 5980𝑃𝑎 5980𝑃𝑎 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ
5980𝑃𝑎
ℎ= 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
(1050 )(9.81 2 )
𝑚3 𝑠
ℎ = 0.581𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃ℎ𝐴𝐶 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃ℎ𝐴𝐵
𝜌𝐴𝐶 . 𝑔. ℎ𝐴𝐶 = 𝜌𝐴𝐵 . 𝑔. ℎ𝐴𝐵
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑚
(103 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (4𝑥10−2 𝑚) = (𝜌𝐴𝐵 ) (9.81 2 ) (2.5𝑥10−2 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
(103 3 ) (4𝑥10−2 𝑚)
𝑚
𝜌𝐴𝐵 = = 1.6𝑥103 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
(2.5𝑥10−2 𝑚)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃ℎ1 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃ℎ2 + 𝑃ℎ3
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
(103 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (70𝑥10−2 𝑚) = (103 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (ℎ2 ) + (790 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (4ℎ2 )
𝑚 𝑠 𝑚 𝑠 𝑚 𝑠
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
700𝑃𝑎 = 103 3 (ℎ2 ) + 3160 3 (ℎ2 )
𝑚 𝑚
700𝑃𝑎
ℎ2 = = 0.168𝑚
4160 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
ℎ2 = 16.8𝑐𝑚
ℎ3 = 4 (16.8𝑐𝑚) = 67.2𝑐𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑃𝐴 + (850 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2) (50𝑥10−3 𝑚) + (13.6𝑥103 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2 ) (450𝑥10−3 𝑚) −
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
(103 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2 ) (200𝑥10−3 𝑚) + (13.6𝑥103 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2 ) (150𝑥10−3 𝑚) −
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
(850 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2 ) (350𝑥10−3 𝑚) = 𝑃𝐵
𝑃𝐴 + 75586.05 = 𝑃𝐵
𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝐴 = 75586.05𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝐴 = 20𝑥103 𝑃𝑎, 𝜌𝐻𝑔 = 13.6𝑥103 3
, 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 103 3
𝑚 𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐹1 𝑎𝑐𝑡ú𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡ó𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒ñ𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑷 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠:
𝐹1 100𝑁
𝑃1 = = −4 2 = 106 𝑃𝑎
𝐴1 10 𝑚
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡ó𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟á 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙
𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡ó𝑛, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝐹2 𝑒𝑠:
𝐹2 = 𝑃. 𝐴2 , 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝐹2 = 𝑚. 𝑔
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑚. 𝑔 = 𝑃. 𝐴2
𝑃. 𝐴2 (106 𝑃𝑎)(10−2 𝑚2 )
𝑚= = 𝑚
𝑔 9.81 2
𝑠
𝑚 = 1020𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
∑𝐹 = 0 ∑𝐹 = 0 ∑𝐹 = 0
𝑇 = 𝑚. 𝑔 𝑇 + 𝐸 = 𝑚. 𝑔 = 𝑊𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎 𝑇 + 𝐸 = 𝑚. 𝑔
𝑚. 𝑔 = 𝑊𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎 = 39.2𝑁 28.4𝑁 + 𝐸 = 39.2𝑁 𝑇 + 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞.𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐. . 𝑔. 𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎 = 𝑊𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎
𝐸 = 10.8𝑁 𝑚
𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞.𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐. (9.81 2 ) (1.1𝑥10−3 𝑚3 )
𝑠
𝐸 = 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 . 𝑔. 𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎 = 20.6𝑁
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔
10.8𝑁 = (103 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (𝑉) 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞.𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐. = 1907.26
𝑚 𝑠 𝑚3
−3 3
𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎 = 1.1𝑥10 𝑚
Una plancha de hielo flota en un lago de agua dulce. ¿Qué volumen mínimo
debe tener para que una mujer de 45.0 kg pueda ponerse de pie sobre ella
sin mojarse los pies?
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠: ∑𝐹 = 0
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 103 𝑚3 𝐸 = 𝜌ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑜 . 𝑔 + 𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟 . 𝑔
𝑘𝑔
𝜌ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑜 = 920 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 . 𝑉. 𝑔 = 𝜌ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑜 . 𝑉. 𝑔 + 𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟 . 𝑔
𝑚3
𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟 = 45𝑘𝑔 −𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟 . 𝑔 = 𝑉. 𝑔(𝜌ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑜 − 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 )
𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟
𝑉=
(𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 − 𝜌ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑜 )
𝑉 = 0.563𝑚 3
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝑏)
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
((790 𝑚3 ) (0.1𝑚) + (103 𝑚3 ) (0.015𝑚)) (9.81 𝑠 2) = 922.14𝑃𝑎
𝑐)
0.821𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝜌= = 821
(0.1𝑚)3 𝑚3
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝐸 = (103 𝑚3 ) (9.81 𝑠 2) (0.65𝑚3 ) = 6376.5𝑁
𝑏)
𝐸−𝑇 6376.5𝑁−900𝑁
𝐸 = 𝑇 − 𝑚. 𝑔 → 𝑚 = = = 558.26𝑘𝑔
𝑔 9.81𝑚⁄𝑠2
𝑐)
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎: 𝐸 = 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 . 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑚 . 𝑔,
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑎: 𝐸 = 𝑚. 𝑔
𝑚 558.26𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑚 = = = 0.558𝑚3
𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 103 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑚 0.558𝑚3
= = 0.858 = 85.8%
𝑉𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑜 0.650𝑚3
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝐷2
𝐴𝑣 = 0.750 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝐴 = 𝜋 4
𝐷2 4(0.75𝑚 3 ⁄𝑠 )
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝜋 . 𝑣 = 0.75 𝑚 3⁄
𝑠 → 𝑣 = 𝜋(4.50𝑥10−2𝑚)2 = 471.57 𝑚⁄𝑠
4
𝑏)
𝐷 2 𝐷 2
𝑣1 . 𝐷1 2 = 𝑣2 . 𝐷2 2 → 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 . (𝐷1 ) = (471.57 𝑚⁄𝑠) (3𝐷1 ) = 52.4 𝑚⁄𝑠
2 1
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝐴𝑡 . 𝑣𝑡 = 𝐴𝑟 . 𝑣𝑟 → 𝑣𝑟
𝐴𝑡
= 𝑣𝑡 ( )
𝐴𝑟
𝜋(0.8𝑐𝑚)2
𝑣𝑟 = 3.0 m/s ( )
20𝜋(0.1𝑐𝑚)2
𝑣𝑟 = 9.6 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝑎)
𝐴1 . 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 . 𝑣2
𝑣2 = 2.33 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑏)
𝐴1 . 𝑣1 = 𝐴3 . 𝑣3
𝑣3 = 5.21 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑐)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝑚
𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 (9.81 𝑠 2) (16.0𝑚) = 17.72 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑏)
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎, 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜:
𝑚3
𝐴𝑣 = 𝜑 = 0.042
𝑠
𝑚3 𝐷2 𝑚
0.042 =𝜋 (17.72 )
𝑠 4 𝑠
𝑚3
4 (0.042 𝑠 )
𝐷=√ 𝑚
𝜋 (17.72 𝑠 )
𝐷 = 0.055𝑚 = 5.5𝑐𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝐴1 . 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 . 𝑣2
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔í𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝒎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 2 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:
1 1
𝑆𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒: 𝐾2 + 𝑈2 = 𝐾1 + 𝑈1 (𝑒𝑛 𝑈2 𝑙𝑎 ℎ = 0) . 𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟, 𝑚𝑣2 2 + 0 = 𝑚𝑣1 2 + 𝑚𝑔ℎ
2 2
𝐴𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑣2 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑟 𝑣1 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2𝑔ℎ𝐴2 2
𝑣1 = √
𝐴1 2 − 𝐴2 2
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠:
𝑣1 = 28.65 𝑐𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔𝑓
𝜌 = 10.5𝑥103 3
, 𝑣0 = 1.5 , 𝑃𝑜 = 1.75 2 , 𝑟0 = 0.2𝑚, 𝑟1 = 0.075𝑚, ℎ = 4.5𝑚
𝑚 𝑠 𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠:
𝑘𝑔𝑓
1
= 98066.5𝑃𝑎
𝑐𝑚2
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑣1 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑:
𝐴0 . 𝑣0 = 𝐴1 . 𝑣1
𝑚
𝜋(0.2𝑚)2 (1.5 ) = 𝜋(0.075𝑚)2 (𝑣1 )
𝑠
𝑣1 = 10.67 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖:
1 1
𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑣0 2 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦0 = 𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑣1 2 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦1
2 2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑦1 = 0, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
1 1
𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑣0 2 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦0 = 𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑣1 2
2 2
1
𝑃1 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦0 + 𝜌(𝑣0 2 − 𝑣1 2 )
2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 2 𝑚 2
𝑃1 = (171616.375𝑃𝑎) + (10.5𝑥103 3
) (9.81 2 ) (4.5𝑚) + (10.5𝑥103 3 ) ((1.5 ) − (10.67 ) )
𝑚 𝑠 2 𝑚 𝑠 𝑠
𝑃1 = 49244.65𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑
𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎.
𝐸𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜
𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝐴𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜.
𝑈𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝒅𝒕 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠, 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝒎 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝒎 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟á 𝑢𝑛𝑎
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝒗𝟐 𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜
𝐴𝑠í:
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡ú𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 é𝑙, 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒:
𝐹𝑑𝑡 = 𝑣2 2 𝜌𝐴2 𝑑𝑡
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
𝐹 = 𝑣2 2 𝜌𝐴2
𝐿𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖:
1 1
𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑣1 2 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑣2 2 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2
2 2
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑣1 = 0 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑦 ℎ2 = 0, 𝑢𝑠á𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎:
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣2 :
2(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 ) 2(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝑣2 2 = = + 2𝑔ℎ1
𝜌 𝜌
2(2.026𝑥105 𝑃𝑎 − 1.013𝑥105 𝑃𝑎) 𝑚 𝑚2 𝑚
𝑣2 2 = + 2 (9.81 2 ) (0.3𝑚) → 𝑣2 2 = 208.49 2 → 𝑣2 = 14.44
𝑘𝑔 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
103 3
𝑚
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎, 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑚2 𝑘𝑔
𝐹 = 𝑣2 2 𝜌𝐴2 = (208.49 2
) (103 3 ) (2.5𝑥10−4 𝑚2 ) = 52.12𝑁
𝑠 𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑘𝑔
𝜑=9 = 0.15 , 𝑃𝑎 = 1 2 , 𝐷𝑎 = 30𝑐𝑚, 𝐷𝑏 = 15𝑐𝑚, ℎ = 50𝑐𝑚, 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 103 3
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑔 𝑐𝑚 𝑚
𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠:
𝑘𝑔𝑓
1 2 = 98066.5𝑃𝑎
𝑐𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔í𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐. 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎
𝐿𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑣.
𝐷2
𝐴=𝜋
4
𝑎)
1 𝑚
𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ → 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 (9.81 𝑠 2 ) (35.0𝑚) = 26.2 𝑚⁄𝑠
2
𝑏)
𝐷𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑑í𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎
𝑏𝑜𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑚á𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑟á 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑟á.
𝐷2 𝑣 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝐷 𝑒𝑠 2 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑚á𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝒗 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 4. 𝒉 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎 𝑣 2 , 𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝒉 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟
𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 16. 𝐴𝑠í:
35.0𝑚
ℎ= = 2.19𝑚
16
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝑚 3
𝑣3 𝐴3 = √2𝑔(𝑦1 − 𝑦3 )𝐴3 = √2 (9.81 𝑠 2) (8.00𝑚)(0.016𝑚2 ) = 0.2 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑏)
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 2 𝑠𝑒𝑟á:
1 1 𝐴3 2
𝑃2 = 𝜌(𝑣3 2 − 𝑣2 2 ) = 𝜌𝑣3 2 (1 − ( ) )
2 2 𝐴2
2
1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2 0.016𝑚2
𝑃2 = (103 3 ) (12.53 ) (1 − ( ) )
2 𝑚 𝑠 0.048𝑚2
𝑃2 = 69778.2𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝐸𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠:
2(𝐻 − ℎ )
𝑡=√
𝑔
1
1
h
A 2
h1
3
h2 B h3
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑎)
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 1 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎) 𝑦 2 (𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎):
1 1
𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑣12 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑣22 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2
2 2
𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝐴1 , 𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 2, 𝐴2 , 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑣1 , 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜, 𝑣2 , 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑎:
1
𝜌𝑔ℎ1 = 𝜌𝑣22 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2
2
𝐸𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑃1 = 𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑦 𝑣1 = 0.
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣2 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 2, 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑣2 = √2𝑔∆ℎ
𝐶𝑜𝑛 ∆ℎ = ℎ 1 – ℎ2
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒.
𝑄12 (0.8𝑥10−3 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠 )2
∆ℎ = = = 2.03𝑚
2𝑔𝐴22 (2𝑥9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 )𝜋(0.00635𝑚2 )2
𝑏)
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 2 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎
𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 3. 𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 3, 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
1
𝑃2 − 𝑃3 = 𝜌(𝑣32 − 𝑣22 ) + 𝜌𝑔(ℎ3 − ℎ2 )
2
𝐶𝑜𝑛 𝑃2 = 𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣2 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎:
1
0= 𝜌(𝑣32 − 2𝑔∆ℎ) − 𝜌𝑔(ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
2
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣3 :
𝑣3 = √2𝑔[∆ℎ + (ℎ2 − ℎ3 )] = √2𝑥9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 [2.03𝑚 + 0.9𝑚] = 7.57 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑐)
𝐸𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐵, 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜:
𝑄 = 𝑉/𝑡 𝑒𝑛 𝑚3 /𝑠.
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑉 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 𝑄 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎:
𝑉 𝜋(0.30𝑚)2 𝑥0.90𝑚
𝑡= = = 318𝑠 = 5.3𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄 0.8𝑥10−3 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠