PHYS101

(Introductory Physics I): Tutorial 2 Question 6

January 2017 A tortoise can run with a speed of 0.11 m/s, and a hare can run 20 times as fast. In a race, they both start at
the same time, but the hare stops to rest for 4.0 minutes. The tortoise wins by a shell (25 cm).
Question 1 (a) How long does the race take?
Derive the following equations. Explain all the steps and the definitions used. (b) What is the length of the race?
+
(a) ! = !$ + &' (c) ! + = !$ +2& ∆) Question 7
* +
(b) ∆) = !$ ' + & ' *
(d) ∆) = !' = !$ + ! '. A race car moves such that its instaneneous position fits the relationship: ) = (6.0 >/<)' + (0.90 >/< A )' A
+
+
Question 2 where ) is measured in meters and ' in seconds
(a) Determine the instantaneous velocity of the car at ' = 3.9< using time intervals of
The speed of light is now defined to be - = 2.99792458×107 m s-1. (1) ∆' = 0.40 s, (3) ∆' = 0.10 s.
(a) How many kilometres does a pulse of light travel in a time interval of 0.1 s, which is about the blink of (2) ∆' = 0.20 s, and
an eye? Express your answer to three significant figures. (In order to better see the limiting process keep at least three decimal places in your answer.)
(b) Compare this distance to the diameter of Earth. (Use 6.38×10: m for the radius of the Earth.) (b) Compare the average velocity during the first 3.9 < with the results of part (a).
Question 3

A person travels by car from one city to another with different constant speeds between pairs of cities. She Question 8
drives for 55.0 min at 85.0 km/h, 17.0 min at 50.0 km/h, and 45.0 min at 55.0 km/h and spends 30.0 min A particle starts from rest and accelerates as shown in the
eating lunch and filling uo the car. figure on the right.
(a) Determine the average speed for the trip in km/h. (a) Determine the particle's speed at ' = 10.0 s and at
(b) Determine the distance between the initial and final cities along the route in millimeters to two ' = 20.0 s
significant figures. (b) Determine the distance traveled in the first 20.0 s.
Question 4 (Enter your answer to one decimal place.)

The current world record time in the 400 m race is 43.03 s, held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa. He
also the African Champion in this event. The previous African champion is Isaac Makwala from Botswana
Question 9
with a time of 43.72 s. The 100 m world record holder is Usain Bolt van Jamaica with a time of 9.58 s.
(a) On average, how much faster did Wayde run that Isaac? Give your answer km/h to three significant The velocity vs. time graph for an object moving along a
figures. straight path is shown in the figure on the right.
(b) On average, how much faster is world record in the 100 m compared to the 200 m record? Give your a) Find the average acceleration of this object during the
answer km/h to three significant figures. following time intervals.
i) 0 < to 5.0 <
Question 5
ii) 5.0 < to 15 <
A graph of position versus time for a certain particle moving along iii) 0 < to 20 <
the x-axis is shown in the figure below. Find the average velocity in
the following time intervals.
b) Find the instantaneous accelerations at the following times.
(a) 0 to 2.00 s
i) 2.0 s iii) 18 <
(b) 0 to 4.00 s ii) 10 s
(c) 2.00 s to 4.00 s Question 10
(d) 4.00 s to 7.00 s
(e) 0 to 8.00 s In 1865, Jules Verne proposed sending men to the Moon by firing a space capsule from a 220-m-long cannon
(f) What is the change in velocity at 2 s? Let's assume this with final speed of 10.97 km/s.
change happened in 0.1 s, what was the average (a) What would have been the unrealistically large acceleration experienced by the space travelers
acceleration? Is this possible? during their launch? (A human can stand an acceleration of 15g for a short time.)
(b) Compare your answer with the free-fall acceleration, 9.80 m s-2.
Find the instantaneous velocity at the following times
(g) ' = 1.00 s (i) ' = 4.50 <
(h) ' = 3.00 < (j) ' = 7.50 <

Question 11 Question 17
A certain aircraft has a liftoff speed of 129 km/h. Vector C has a magnitude of 28 units and points in the positive y-direction. When vector D is added to the
(a) What minimum constant acceleration does the aircraft require if it is to be airborne after a takeoff resultant vector C + D points in the negative E-direction with a magnitude of 17 units. Find the magnitude
run of 222 m?
and direction of D.
(b) How long does it take the aircraft to become airborne?
Question 18
Question 12
Consider the following combinations of signs and values for the
A car starts from rest and travels for t1 seconds with a uniform acceleration &* . The driver then applies the
velocity and acceleration of a particle with respect to a one-
brakes, causing a uniform acceleration &+ . If the brakes are applied for t2 seconds, determine
dimensional )-axis.
the following. Answers are in terms of the variables &* , &+ , t1, and t2.
Describe what the particle is doing in each case, and give a real-
(a) How fast is the car going just before the beginning of the braking period?
life example for an automobile on an east-west one-dimensional
(b) How far does the car go before the driver begins to brake?
axis, with east considered the positive direction.
(c) Using the answers to parts (a) and (b) as the initial velocity and position for the motion of the car

during braking, what total distance does the car travel?
Question 19
Question 13
Vector C is 3.00 units in length and points along the positive )-axis. Vector D is 4.00 units in length and
A train 500 m long is moving on a straight track with a speed of 84.6 km/h. The engineer applies the brakes at
a crossing, and later the last car passes the crossing with a speed of 15.4 km/h. points along the negative E-axis. Use graphical methods to find the magnitude and direction of
Assuming constant acceleration, determine how long the train blocked the crossing. Disregard the width of the vectors:
the crossing. (a) C + D
(b) C − D
Question 14
Question 20
A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 21.0 m/s.
(a) How high does it rise? Vector C points to (1,2), while vector D points to (2, 3) and H points to (1,1).
(b) How long does it take to reach its highest point? Give the following vectors in terms of their component vectors and also calculate the magnitude and
(c) How long does the ball take to hit the ground after it reaches its highest point? direction of each:
(d) What is its velocity when it returns to the level from which it started? (Assume the positive direction (a) C + D (d) Sketch the geometric addition of C + D − H
is upward. Indicate the direction with the sign of your answer.) (b) C − D (e) Sketch the geometric addition of C − H + D
(c) −C − D (f) From the sketches in (d) and (e) make a statement regarding the order of
vector addition. Verify this by algebraically calculating the vectors in (d)
Question 15
and (e).
The figure below shows strobe photographs (pictures taken at

a fixed time interval) taken of a red disk moving from left to
right under different conditions. Taking the direction to the

right to be positive, describe the motion of the disk in each
case.
(a) For which case is the acceleration positive?
(b) For which case is the acceleration negative?
(c) For which case is the velocity constant?

Question 16
A ball rolls in a straight line along the horizontal direction. Using motion diagrams (or strobe photograph
sketches), describe the velocity and acceleration of the ball for each of the following situations
(a) The ball moves to the right at a constant speed.
(b) The ball moves from right to left and continually slows down.
(c) The ball moves from right to left and continually speeds up.
(d) The ball moves to the right, first speeding up at a constant rate, then slowing down at a constant rate.