Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
3
3
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
A' A B' B
PLIEGUES DE FLEXION DE
X' X
FALLA O DE RAMPA-
RELLANO
Y' Y
Time 1
A B'
Forelimb Backlimb
A' B
Etapas progresivas durante el
X'
X
desarrollo de un pliegue de
Y'
X' Y' X
Y
Time 3
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Slip
Fault tip
A'
B'
B
A'
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
FOLIACION
(a) (b)
© (d)
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113
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CATEGORIAS DE FABRICAS
(a) (b) (c )
Tectónitas
a) Foliación S.
b) Lineación L.
c) S/L.
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
FACIES METAMORFICAS
1600
Eclogite 50
1400
40
1200
es
1000
em
hi
sc
ss
30
ue
la
Bl
na
io
800
sit
Granulite
an
Amph
Tr
Gree
ib
600 20
olite
nsch
ist
Preh
Ky
400
Sill
-pum
Zeoli
And 10
p
te
200
s Hbl Hfls Px Hfls
H fl Sanidinite
AE
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature (ºC)
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114
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Clivaje espaciado
Disyuntivo.
Estilolítico.
Crenulación.
Clivaje continuo
Grueso (ejemplo: clivaje de lápiz).
(a)
Fino (pizarra).
Clivaje filítico, clivaje continuo con un lustro distintivo
en rocas metamórficas de bajo grado (esquistos
verdes).
Esquistocidad, foliación rica en mica, brillo distintivo
en rocas de grado medio a bajo (facies de esquistos
verdes).
(b) Gneiss, bandeamiento composicional en rocas
metamórficas de grado alto (anfibolitas y granulitas).
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
te
yl te
ra
s
ng
i te
s t ol a
e y
k
od ro at
ea
St
Is
M Sl
W
1m 10 cm 1 cm 1 mm 0.1 mm
Spaced Continuous
30 cm cleavage cleavage
(d) (e)
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CRENULACION
Categorías de crenulación
(b) Simétrica.
(c) Asimétrica (sigmoidal).
(a) (b)
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116
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
GNEISS Shale
Sandstone
Mica schist
Quartzite
(a)
(b)
Felsic Mafic
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
LINEACIONES DE FORMA
l (a)
crenulaciones.
Contact
b) Mulliones. l Shale surface
c) Boudines. (b)
Neck
(c )
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117
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CAMIPER www.camiper.com
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118
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MONTAÑAS PLEGADAS
Rocky Mountains.
Monterrey. Monterrey.
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Gravedad
Re tr
Pendiente topográfica
Fricción ( )
o ca
Interna
b a lg
( ) dur
a
a
adu
g
bal
1 Ca Ángulo
ra
3 Crítico ( )+( )
Fricción basal ( b)
Ángulo de la superficie
de despegue 3
1
( )
w
(1 - ) b + 1 -
+ =
w
1 - + (1 - )k
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119
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Cuenca de
Veracruz
Jennete.,
2003.
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
SALIENTE DE MONTERREY
SW NE
0
2
4 km Triásico
4 km
Evaporitas Cretácico Inferior Terciario
Jurásico Superior Jurásico Superior Cretásico superior
Flujo e inyección de evaporitas
SW por las zonas de debilidad NE
0
2
4 km
Fallas inversas
4 km
0m Terciario
200
400
600
800
3 km
N SW NE SSW NNE WSW ENE
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120
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Cinturón Plegado
Perdido.
Trudgill (1999).
Camerlo y
Benson (2006).
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
1 ( b 5º)
f b
1 ( b 1º)
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Zagros.
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Plexigass box
3.5 cm
Model surface
15 cm
23.5 cm
Folding and
thrusting
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122
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Retrocabalgadura
1ª Cabalgadura
1ª Cabalgadura
2ª Cabalgadura Retrocabalgadura
Cuenca antepaís
Cuenca traspaís
3ª Cabalgadura
2ª Cabalgadura
Pliegues por
Propagación de falla Techo cabalgado pasivo
Cuencas
montadas
Portillo-Pineda (2008)
11 Años Capacitando a la Comunidad Minera Global 243
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
1ª Calbalgadura
Pliegue de despegue
2ª Calbalgadura
Retrocalbalgadura
Despegue
Planos de cizalla 3ª cabalgadura
4ª cabalgadura
Cuenca
antepaís Pinch-off
bifurcado Cuenca antepaís
Cuenca
Cuencas montadas
traspaís Planos de
(piggy-back)
cizalla Cuencas traspaís
Cabalgadura
Pliegue en caja
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
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124
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
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125
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Modo de extensión.
Mecánica de la extensión.
Cinemática de la extensión.
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126
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Mantle plume
v .v v
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
1 cm
NM
AM
NM 1 cm
(after Mulugeta,1985)
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127
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MODO DE EXTENSION 0
1 3
500
(Mpa)
depth (km)
Brittle
50 mantle
20
crust
en la corteza y en manto. 60
100
lithosphere 80 km
asthenosphere
depth (km)
40
crust
Ductile
(1000 km, ejemplo: Basin and mantle
lithosphere
40 mantle
depth (km)
corteza inferior (la cual crust
mantle
60 km
Ductile crust
fluye). Straining 40 KM
50
region
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MODO DE EXTENSION
Modelos físicos de Benes and Davy (1996).
0 UC
LC
A
50 mm UM
0 50 mm
(after Benes and Davy, 1996)
A: rift angosto.
B: rift ancho.
C: core complex.
11 Años Capacitando a la Comunidad Minera Global 254
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MODO DE EXTENSION
a C 0
Upper
crust
Lower crust
50-60 km
5 cm
Low viscosity
heterogenety
Cora complex
b
0
30 km
5 cm
Main datachment
fault
Liatric accommodation
fault
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MODO DE EXTENSION
A UC
MC
LC
DNF BSZ
LDFS LDFS
C
DS DS
(after Gartrell, 1997, 2001)
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129
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
MECANISMOS DE EXTENSION
Modelos analógicos
(a) Michon and Merle (2002).
(b) Brun and Beslier (1996).
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Pregrowth
beds
2 cm a
Growth beds
2 cm b
2 cm Growth beds
c
2 cm
Growth beds
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130
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
SEL
PEI
SYN-RIFT
3 CM
PRE-RIFT
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
HRTL
profile a
C
MDL-1
FD
R
CR
Deformation width
3 cm
Deformation width
3cm
HTRL
MOL-1
MDL-1
peofile d
profile b
Striped sheet
Extension
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131
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CINEMATICA DE EXTENSION
Modelos de extensión oblicua de Tron and Brun (1991).
10 cm y
a = 30º
X
= 60º
10 cm
ASYMMETRIC
SYMMETRIC
EXTENSION
EXTENSION
VD
VD
X y'
X X'
y y'
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CINEMATICA DE EXTENSION
Modelos de extensión oblicua de Tron and Brun (1991).
SYMMETRIC ASYMMETRIC
Extensión
pura. 90º
60º
45º
30º
15º
Desplazamiento Major faults
lateral puro. 0º
Minor faults
Line initialy
parallel to the
divergence vector
0 10 20 30 cm
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132
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
CINEMATICA DE EXTENSION
Extensión polifásica de Bonini (1997).
1.a fase: ortogonal. 1.a fase: oblicua.
2.a fase: oblicua. 2.a fase: ortogonal.
a b
=1.0 =1.0
=90º =45º
=1.10 =1.10
VD VD
=45º =90º
=1.20 =1.20
VD
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
A Clay Layer
6 7
1 (c )
2 Suture (b) (a) (d)
B 1 C
5 Valve Weight
C 4 3
A Air pumping
4
Clay Layer
Experimental set-up
Model Nature
0 50 100
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
7 cm
6 cm
S =20cm
La geometría de las zonas
L = 0cm
= 90º
de transferencia es una
20 cm
función de su geometría.
6 cm
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
BC Sand BC Sand
DC Silicone DC Silicone
BM Sand BM
DM
C Initial state
= 1.05 1 cm
BC
(after Callot et al., 2001)
DC
LVB
DM
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ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
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CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
TECNICAS Y HERRAMIENTAS
DE CARTOGRAFIA ESTRUCTURAL
CERTIFICAN:
ISO
9001 MINING SOCIETY
OF SOUTH AFRICA
Idealización VISUALIZACION
Relaciones fundamentales Gráficas
Ecuaciones que gobiernan Mapas
el sistema Animaciones
SOLUCION
Analítica
Numérica
Analógica
Inversión
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