READING STRATEGIES Using a variety of reading strategies can help you understand a text. This is a review of the reading strategies you have already learned. When you do your exams, try to use as many different reading strategies as you can. Predicting Content Before you read a text, read the title and look at the photographs. This will help you predict the content of the text. Identifying Fact and Opinion Most texts include facts as well as the writer's personal opinion. Facts are statements that can be proved or shown to be true, while opinions describe the writer's beliefs, feelings or thoughts. Sometimes, writers present their opinions as facts in order to influence or change the reader's own views. Look for clue words such as feel, believe, always, best, ‘most, never and none. Understanding the Author's Purpose ‘Texts are usually written for one of four purposes: to describe (descriptions of places or people), to entertain (narratives), to explain (instructions or informative texts) or to persuade (opinion essays or for and against essays). Knowing the author's purpose can ‘help you understand the text. Understanding Reference Texts often contain pronouns and possessive adjectives which refer to something or someone that has already been mentioned in the text. When reading, it’s important to understand who or what these words refer to. The answer can usually be found in the first part of the sentence or in the previous sentence. Identifying the Main Idea of a Paragraph Reading the first, and sometimes the last, sentence of a paragraph can help you identi the main idea. This will make it easier to understand the text. Guessing Meaning from Context When you don't know the meaning of a word, try to guess. First, try to identify the part of ‘speech by looking at the word's place in the sentence and its ending. Then, look for other words in the sentence which might give you clues to the meaning. Scanning for Information Scanning helps you locate specific information in a text. Pay attention to the type of information you are searching for (dates, places, names). Looking for capital letters and numbers can help. Making Inferences Making inferences (or reading between the lines) helps you understand things that aren’t actually written in the text. By looking for certain hints in the text, such as the way a person reacts or says something, you can draw your own conclusions.CN Asian Minne) Example: How does growing food for animals affect world hunger? '* The keywords are growing food for animals and world hunger. You are being asked about the connection between growing food for animals and world hunger. ‘In lines 20-22, the writer says, “So, although thousands of people are hungry, we have animals which are fed well. * The answer is given immediately before this sentence. Answer: We use a larger area to cultivate food for animals than for people. This is one of the reasons for world hunger. Sentence Completions Read the tips for sentence completions. Then look at how the tips were used in the example. 1. Read the part of the sentence you have been given and locate keywords and connectors. 2. Use the keywords or their synonyms / opposites to locate the relevant part of the text. 3. Read that part of the text and decide what information is needed to complete the sentence. 4. Complete the sentence, Remember to make the necessary grammatical changes. Example: For centuries, the cuckoo finch has .. ‘The keywords are for centuries. * The relevant part of the text is lines 2-4. Here we read that creatures like the cuckoo finch have been cheating for centuries. . * The answer requires grammatical changes: a change from passive to active and the use of the Present Perfect Continuous. ‘Answer: For centuries, the cuckoo finch has been cheating. Multiple-Choice Questions Read the tips for answering multiple-choice questions. Then look at how the tips were used in the example. 1. Read the question and all the answer options. Identify the keywords in the question. 2. Find the relevant part of the text with the help of the keywords or thelr synonyms, 3. Compare the words in the answers with the words in the text. Be careful - similar words may be distractors! Example: What do all the people mentioned in the text have in common? a, They all make a lot of money from scrap metal. b. They all run a family business. «c. They all search the streets of London for scrap metal. 4d. They all deal in scrap metal that ends up being recycled. * The keywords are all the people and have in common Answer: d * Answer a is incorrect because not all the people mentioned in the text make a lot of money from scrap metal. Charlie, for example, makes no more than £12-14 a day. © Answer b is incorrect because athough members of Michael's, Charlie's, Alfie's and Cheryl's families worked in the business, Adam set up his own business. * Answer cis incorrect because Michael does not search the streets for scrap metal. He gets it from the other scrappers mentioned in the text. * Answer d is correct because all the people mentioned in the text deal in scrap metal that ends up being recycled. Adam, Charlie, Alfie and Cheryl collect the metal rubbish from the streets. They then sell it to Michael's company, which sells it to a metal recycling centre.So A CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) ‘When applying for a job, you will often have to supply the employer with your personal details, as well as your education qualifications and work experience. Below is an example of a CV which can be used as a model for your own. MODEL PLAN A asa ee Personal Information _|_ Mateo Alcantar Name ‘Address | PERSONAL INFO. Telephone numb ea ne —— | oonessC/ Santa Maia 45,3, 22, Maid Nationality TELEPHONE Wo, 637855330 Date of birth NATIONALITY Spanish DATE OF BIRTH 2nd September 1997 EMAIL mateoalantar@auicklynet | Work Experience Dates WORK EXPERIENCE ; | Name of employer | | Occupation or position held Suma and any ete a 2 | Main activities and vo Summer Camp responsibilities | Counsellor Organisation of activities for 13-year-old camp residents | Education and Trainin; cae ~~) EDUCATION AND TRAINING Name of school . | Principal subjects covered 2013-2015 | TES Juan de ta Ciera | Title of qualification awarded s =" English language, mathematics, biology | | | Secondary School Graduate - Bachillerato Languages (eae 1) LANGUAGES | gisiomes | Spanish ' | English (good level written and spoken) | | | German (fluent) Computer Skills | | areal COMPUTER SKILLS | Graphics or multimedtia 7 Fi - - Raping Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint oA Photoshop, Inbesin | Visual Basic Other Ss, Training | or Work Experience | 5 OTHER TRAINING: 2015: lifeguard course | DRIVING LICENCE: Licence for 125cc motorbike 170hdd A FORMAL E-MAIL A formal e-mail may be written to apply for 2 job or course, request information or make a complaint. ‘A formal e-mail has got a set format. it's important to follow the format and to use formal, polite language. Look at the topic below. Then study the format of the e-mail and read the model. Write an e-mail making a complaint. MODEL PLAN Subject line Cu Gives topic of ema Greet = Dear Sir / Madam, eae nak GSO am writing to complain about a meal | had in your restaurant. | was reas Tenens there on the occasion of my birthday, 20th July, and had as my guests a a group of 15 friends. SPRCRIRTEAEGR GEA ‘The problems began from the moment we arrived. Although | had made deta. a reservation for 8 o'clock, the table was not available until almost 8.30. IMy friends and | had to stand at the door and wait. Then, when we were able to sit down, the walter who took our order was impatient and rude. Moreover, several of my guests ordered chicken, which was undercooked and had to be sent back to the kitchen. Firstly, | would like to point out that it is unacceptable for customers to wait for half an hour to be seated even though they had made a reservation. Secondly, the restaurant manager is responsible for making sure that the service is friendly and professional. Finally, | think itis, irresponsible to serve food that has not been properly prepared. if one of us had developed food poisoning from undercooked chicken, you might have received a letter from a solicitor and not a dissatisfied customer. To sum up, | very much hope that you will look into this matter so that in the future, your customers will not have cause to complain. Moreover, as this meal was such an unpleasant experience, |am sure you will agree that I should get a full refund. Hook forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, Carmen Reed Carmen Reed 1 Alverstone Rd London NW2 SIS Mobile: 021-558-9701 Email: [Link]@[Link] Contact details of person writing the e-mail Ie's a fact that .. For example, . Ie's true that .. I would like to point out .. ‘On the one hand, In my opinion, On the other hand, Personally, | think .. Although .. Firstly, ... / Secondly, .. / Finally, .. In addition, .. In conclusion, ... Moreover, To sum up,A BIOGRAPHY A biography is a description of a person's life. It should include only the most important information, leaving out irrelevant points. This information is usually (but not always) presented in chronological order, Look at the topic below and read the model. E26 Write a biography of a famous person. a PLAN Opening troduces the hat he / she is famous for. Body Provides information about the person's early life and Closing Gives a summary of the person's achievements / future plans. ———arernreern Sy = || MODEL, Bill Gates Will Henry “Bill” Gates, who is one of the richest men in the world, is probably best known for establishing Microsoft Corporation, the computer software giant. Born on 28th October, 1955, Gates was a teenager when people began using computers. The new technology fascinated the bright teenager, ‘who went on to study computer science at Harvard University. However, Gates never completed his university degree. Instead, the ambitious 20 year old left university to create Microsoft and soon became incredibly wealthy. Gates famously said that failing exams had not prevented him from becoming the owner of Microsoft. After years of managing Microsoft, Gates decided to devote his time to giving something back to the world. He and his wife, Melinda, established the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, donating $28 billion of thelr own money. Working through the foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates work to fight poverty and help improve the health and educ of people everywhere. Gates explained that his work at Microsoft prepared him for the charity work he was doing because it had helped him face tough challenges. Considered one of the world’s most influential people, Bill Gates is no longer the world’s richest man. Today, he is busy spending his money trying to make the world a better place to live in. .. i$ one of the world’s most / best... He / She was famous for .. .. known for .. was born in ... (place) - was born on ... (date) When he / she was ... At the age of .. As an adult / teenager / child, =» died in ..Cian A SUMMARY A summary includes only the main ideas of a text in as few words as possible. A summary does not provide unnecessary details and examples or the writer's own ideas or opinions. It is written in his oF her own words where possible. Look at the topic below. Then read the original article and model summary. Write a summary of an article, using 50-70 words. rr The Superbugs The headline in the Washington Post read “Superbug Claims 7th Victim’, The article reported ‘that 17 hospital patients were infected with bacteria that were not responding to medicine, Although the victims were given antibiotics, not everyone survived. This article deals with a shocking new reality. Powerful bacteria, called superbugs, are invading our world, and they are indestructible, Since their discovery in 1945, antibiotics have been used extensively and this is one of the main causes of the superbug invasion. Antibiotics were originally intended for bacterial infections but are frequently used for viral infections. Doctors may prescribe them and some are even sold at the supermarket. The problem is that viruses are not affected by antibiotics. However, when patients regularly take antibiotics for viral infections, their bodies learn to resist this medicine. This means the antibiotic will have litte effect against a superbug in the future. Today, experts are looking for solutions to these indestructible bacteria. The most immediate problem is to prevent these bacteria spreading fram one person to another. Making sure hospitals and health clinics are strict about hygiene can help. Furthermore, some countries, such as the Netherlands, have passed laws to limit the use of antibiotics. Moreover, in the USA, politicians are trying to pass a law which will limit the use of antibiotics in agriculture, A lot remains to be done but hopefully stricter controls on the use of antibiotics and further scientific research will help us win future battles against superbugs. MODEL SUMMARY tee ay iorpcrrant New and deadly bacteria called superbugs are causing much concern, information organised Apparently, they are caused by overusing antibiotics. Although into one cohesive antibiotics are effective against bacteria, they are useless against earaereyhh. viruses. Unfortunately, many people use them for viral as well as for bacterial infections, This overuse has created indestructible bacteria that can be fatal. Fortunately, steps are being taken to help prevent and control the spread of these superbugs in the future. Apparently, ... Finally, .. Consequently, ... ated iyAN OPINION ESSAY When writing an opinion essay, the writer states an opinion and tries to convince readers that this opinion is justified with reasons, facts and examples. Look at the topic below. Then study the plan and read the model. L258 Write an opinion essay about raising the school-leaving age. MODEL PLAN Raising the Schoolleaving Age Opening at the wpe aad the In the near future, the government will be making it compulsory : ‘writer's opinion for students to stay at school until they are 18. During this period, students will either continue their academic studies or do vocational training courses. In my view, carrying out this plan would be a terrible mistake. Body | First of all, schools will not be able to offer suitable vocational training for all the students who will be forced to remain in school. Moreover, the extra time in school is not likely to give these young people a better chance of finding a job. Many employers do not value the vocational qualifications given by schools. They prefer to hire young people with work experience. Supports the writer's opinion with reasons, facts and examples; each ‘dea is developed in a new paragraph. Finally, students who don't want to be in school can be very disruptive in the classroom, making it difficult for teaching or learning to take place. A study done by Colin Green, a lecturer at Lancaster University Management School, shows that when the school-leaving ‘age was raised from 14 to 16, there was a 15-20% increase in the number of teacher absenteeism in secondary schools. This has a negative effect on the quality of education that the students receive, Closing ‘Summarises and restates the writer's opinion. In conclusion, itis clear that raising the schoobleaving age to 18 will not be beneficial to the students, the level of education or the teachers. In view of this, | believe the school-leaving age should remain 16. (do not) think / believe that ... In my opinion, ... {believe ... Unate / love / don't mind ... As see it, .. There's no doubt that ... t's clear that ... As far as I'm concerned, Personally, While | understand ... 1 (do not) believe ... Furthermore, ... Finally, In conclusion, ... In short, ... 165A NARRATIVE A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them. Look at the topic below. Then study the plan and read the model. 24H write a narrative about a MODEL PLAN Sake The Dream Sets the scene and introduces Thad a terrible dream the other night. When I woke up, | could still the main character(s) remember it quite clearly. | was walking around in the centre of a strange city and didn’t know where | was. Body = Gives details and the main events leading up to the | climax. I tried to ask people for help but they walked right by without looking at me. It was like being invisible. Suddenly, a man stopped and started shouting at me to go away. A few moments later, several more people Joined him. That's when a policeman appeared and told me that | had to leave the city immediately. “If you don’t leave, | wll arrest you,” he warned me. | tried to find my way home, but | got more and more confused. It was getting dark and cold and | had nowhere to go. | kept asking myself where my family was and why they weren't helping me. had never felt so lonely in all my life. Closing a Gives the ending of the sony and any consequences At that moment, I woke up, went downstairs and saw my entire family sitting down at the breakfast table. | was still feeling the effects of my dream and seeing them there made me so happy. | must have had a huge smile on my face because my little brother looked at me strangely and asked, “Are you all right?” “Never felt better,” I replied. And then | sat down at the table and joined my family. stacssoresionsy The other day / night / ‘Two years ago .. It all began when Suddenly, .. As soon as .. At that moment, ... That's when .. ‘A few moments later, ... felt... when while At first, .. Then, . Next, . Later, At last, In the end, Finally,A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY A for and against essay is usually about a topic which is quite controversial. This type of essay presents both sides of the issue and then concludes by supporting one of the sides. Look at the ‘topic below. Then study the plan and read the model. TORTI write a for and against essay about the importance of preserving old buildings. i MODEL PLAN a j Preserving Old Buildings tates the issue Most countries have got some old buildings and structures that are historically or culturally significant. However, does this mean that all old structures must be preserved? Body Presents arguments for and against, giving examples. | On the one hand, not all old buildings are worth preserving. Firstly, this is expensive and sometimes the money is needed for other, more important projects, such as improving living conditions or building homes. Moreover, some old buildings are simply not worth, preserving. For example, some homes built half a century ago may be impractical by today’s standards. ‘On the other hand, it’s clear that certain old buildings are important. ‘The structures may show us something about our country's architectural history, or be national landmarks. Some of these buildings may also be of cultural or religious significance, such as old churches, temples and mosques. Furthermore, many of these structures are tourist attractions and tourism is economically important to a country. Closing ‘Summarises the topic and states the writer's opinion, In conclusion, although progress must also be a consideration, ' believe important buildings of our past should be a part of our modern world. For this reason, in my opinion, efforts should be made to preserve old buildings and structures whenever possible. ‘Are the advantages of ... greater than the disadvantages? However, is it really a good idea to ..? There's no doubt that ... It’s true that Firstly, ... / Secondly, On the one hand, On the other hand, Although However, Furthermore, Moreover, .. In addition, In my opinion Personally, | think In conclusion, ... To sum up, In shor, . tz] STWriting a Paragraph Carrs Apparagraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic. It has got the following parts: 1. atopic sentence which gives the ‘main idea of the paragraph 2, supporting sentences which add reasons, details and examples 3. a concluding sentence which summarises the main idea (not always necessary) ‘The parts of a paragraph should flow logically. The paragraph must be easy to understand. You can accomplish this by: 1. using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text. 2. using connectors to show the connections between ideas (see chart on page 162). Topic sentence _ Supporting sentences Concluding sentence Writing an Essay In my opinion, it is inappropriate for a magazine or newspaper to freely publish personal information about celebrities. To begin with, no one would want details of their private life or certain photos exposed publicly. In addition, a lot of the information published is gossip and it is often based on false rumours. Furthermore, I think that newspapers should provide people with important information rather than feeding them with useless trivia, In short, I believe that the media should not be allowed to disclose personal and sensitive information about celebrities and should respect their privacy. ‘An essay consists of several paragraphs about a topic. There are many different kinds of essays, but they have all got the same basic plan: 4. THE OPENING ‘The opening is a general presentation of the topic. Try to start your essay with an opening that will catch your reader's interest. Here are some ideas: 1. Write a short anecdote about real or imaginary 2 events. ‘The project was due on 2nd May. Yet, typically, had postponed starting it until the last moment. It’s called “procrastination” and people always told me what a terrible habit it is. However, procrastination can actually have some advantages. 2. Begin with one or more questions. Do you usually put off doing things until the last possible moment? Are people always telling 3. you what a terrible habit itis? This is called “procrastination”. Would you believe it if I told you that procrastination can actually have many advantages? 3. Begin with an unidentified pronoun to arouse the reader's curiosity. It’s problem that can begin when you are young. and continue right through your life. There are countless articles on how to rid yourself of this nasty habit. It’s called “procrastination”, and “to delay doing something you should do, usually because you do not want to do it”: However, procrastination actually has some advantages. If you can't think how to begin, don't worry. Go on to the body of the essay. You can always write the opening later. The important thing is to keep going. THE BODY The body has got one or more paragraphs which develop the topic. When you were preparing to write, you brainstormed for ideas (see page 159). Then you chose ideas to use and put these ideas into groups in a logical order. Use these groups of ideas to write the body of the essay. Each group of ideas will become a separate paragraph. THE CLOSING The closing is a paragraph which summarises the main idea or presents a conclusion, In some cases, the closing may be similar to the opening but presented in different words. It should always leave the reader with a strong impression. In short, there is good news for people who are dedicated procrastinators. Procrastinating does not always lead to unnecessary pressure and careless work, On the contrary, procrastinating can actually give you extra time to plan more carefully and improve achievement! ete) SE ——————_—_ Eea Use of Adjectives 1. Adjectives come before nouns and after certain verbs. «an interesting article 7 an article interesting X It seems interesting. J 2. The adjective form for singular and plural nouns is the same. «a difficult exam / difficult exams 7 difficults exams X 3. Adjectives follow a specific order: opinion + size or age + shape + colour + origin + material. a beautiful, ancient Chinese vase 7 Connectors a Chinese, beautiful ancient vase X Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related to one another. T haven't found a job but my friend has. [but expresses a contrast] She didn't go to the party because she wasn't feeling well. [because expresses a reason] I didn’t expect him to call me, so Twas surprised. [so expresses a result) They also help us to organise our writing and make it easy for the reader to follow. Millions of animals die every year as result of medical and non-medical research which involves experimenting on animals. Many people are in favour of these experiments, claiming that they are necessary for human welfare, while others believe that they are morally wrong. On the one hand, animal experimentation is essential in developing cures for certain diseases. Because a als are biologically similar to humans, scientists test different types of medicine and products on them before trying them ‘out on humans. On the other hand, animals that are experimented on experience pain and suffering and eventually die. In conclusion, although animal experimentation for medical research may be necessary, non-medical research such as using animals for testing cosmetics should be banned. Study the chart of connectors and phrases below. PURPOSE to add points on the same topic | to express a contrast | to describe a cause or reason | to describe a result to show purpose to describe similarity EXAMPLES: ‘and / in addition / furthermore / moreover / what's more / besides / also / too / as well as but / however / nevertheless / yet / still / although / even if / even though / in spite of / despite / while because (of) / since / due to / as a result of / one/another reason for ... Is [as so / therefore / consequently / thus / as a result / as a consequence / for this reason / that is why in order to /'so as to / so that / to similarly / likewise / in the same way in my opinion / | (strongly) believe (that) / | think/feel (that) / in my view / it seems to me (that) / personally / as | see it “to describe reality to make general statements to list points to give examples to introduce opposing points. to show sequence to show time | to express personal opinions to conclude | in fact / as a matter of fact / actually / the truth is (that) in general / generally / as a rule / on the whole to begin/start with / in the first place / first of all / firstly, secondly, thirdly / finaly / lastly for example / for instance / such as / like / particularly / in particular / especially / (more) specifically 7 on the one hand / on the other hand / in contrast / contrary to / it can also be argued that / but there are people who say/think (that) first / at first / in the beginning / before / next / the next thing / then / soon / meanwhile / later / after that / afterwards / at last / eventually / finally /n the end ‘when / while / during / before / after / until / once / as soon as / by the time conclusion / to sum up / shortStep 5: CHECK YOUR WORK © Use the Writer's Checklist on this page to improve your work, Sig aaa tives of GEGAAE, Because of this, many nenspapers and magazines | have stories about ehAlives GevaBDof celebrities. We know what they eat, their where they buy Zharelethes and who they love. We ja-addetion often see pictures of thent in private situations, Step 6: WAITING A FINAL DRAFT © If you are writing by hand, copy your corrected work neatly onto a clean sheet of paper. Use a pen. © Leave a margin on the left-hand side. ‘© Make sure your paragraphs are clearly indicated. Did WRITER'S CHECKLIST Sit Sere ee ¥ begin with a suitable opening sentence? Y present my ideas clearly? ¥ use relevant details and examples to explain my ideas? Y support my ideas with details and examples (opinion, for and against essay)? end with a suitable closing sentence? use pronouns to refer to the nouns in the paragraph? ¥ use connectors to link my ideas? EV ret rs DIGRESS ¥ check my grammar? ¥ check my spelling? Y check word order? ! use correct punctuation? use capital letters correctly? use adjectives / adverbs correctly? Cir rier Y use suitable connectors? Y present the information in a logical order?WRITING SKILLS Word Order Word order is very important in English. The usual order is: subject + verb + object + additions Note the following: 1. Ifa sentence has got both a direct and an indirect object, there are two possibilities: I showed him the photos. 7 I showed the photos t0 him. / 2, Time expressions can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. She volunteers at the hospital every Tuesday./ Every Tuesday, she volunteers at the hospital. 3. Never separate the verb from its object(s). We cannot say: She plays twice a week tennis. X 4, Adverbs of manner can come in many positions, but not between the verb and the object. Carefully, she examined the evidence. She examined the evidence carefully. / She carefully examined the evidence. J She examined carefully the evidence. X 5. Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb. Some can come at the beginning and / or at the end of a sentence as well. We sometimes meet at this café. Sometimes we meet at this café. 7 We meet sometimes at this café. X Note: Ifthe main verb is be, the frequency adverb follows it: ‘They are usually at homie in the evening. Note: Always and never cannot begin or end a sentence. We cannot say: Always we play football here. X We play football here never. X 6. Adverbs of comment usually come at the beginning of a sentence or a clause. Clearly, he wasn't interested in my offer. 7 7. Adverbs of degree come before adjectives and adverbs. Wes quite difficult! ‘Some common adverbs of degree are: Subject-Verb Agreement The subject and verb have to agree in number. He plays basketball. (singular) / They play basketball. (plural) Note the following: 1. Singular nouns that refer to groups can have either singular or plural verbs. The team works / work well together. 2. Amounts and quantities have usually got singular verbs. Seven thousand pounds was put in the safe. 3. Words like anybody, everyone and nobody have got singular verbs. Does anybody want to join us? No one agrees with me. Everyone is leaving now. 4, Most uncountable nouns have got singular verbs. The milk is sour. 5. Some uncountable nouns have got plural verbs. These sunglasses are pretty.THE WRITING PROCESS Step 1: BRAINSTORM FOR IDEAS © Write down all the ideas you can think of. Don’t worry about whether the idea is relevant. © Don't worry about grammar or spelling. © You can write in your own language. Step 2: ORGANISE YOUR IDEAS © Decide which ideas to keep and cross out the others. © Group similar ideas together. ‘© Put the groups in order according to a writing plan. Step 3: FOCUS ON LANGUAGE * Think of words and expressions you will need in your work. Step 4: WRITE A FIRST DRAFT ‘© Write your first draft on the computer or by hand. if you are writing by hand, use a pencil Leave wide margins for notes. Leave space between lines for additions and corrections. © Write quickly. Don't worry about neatness or accuracy. © Ifyou can't think of a word in English, write it in your own language. Look the word up in a dictionary later. © IF you can't spell a word, write it any way you can. ‘Then check the word in a dictionary or use a spell check when you have finished. TOPIC: Should magazines or newspapers give personal information about celebrities? Group A — introduction. to issue Group 8 — my opinion and supporting reasons _* inapprepriate ts freely publish persona information (8) ‘everyone loves to knaw about the lives of celebrities (A) 118 one Wands his ar her personal life published (8) * thon pictures of them in private situations (A) S sscless information, abaut celebrities lives (6) * newspapers shauld give mere important information (6) shanld respect people's privacy (B) 4 © every penton has a right to protect his or her privacy (B) * know what they eat, where they buy thei cl whe they love (A) ee es oe information is often fase (6) , 7 sSo A CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) ‘When applying for a job, you will often have to supply the employer with your personal details, as well as your education qualifications and work experience. Below is an example of a CV which can be used as a model for your own. MODEL PLAN A asa ee Personal Information _|_ Mateo Alcantar Name ‘Address | PERSONAL INFO. Telephone numb ea ne —— | oonessC/ Santa Maia 45,3, 22, Maid Nationality TELEPHONE Wo, 637855330 Date of birth NATIONALITY Spanish DATE OF BIRTH 2nd September 1997 EMAIL mateoalantar@auicklynet | Work Experience Dates WORK EXPERIENCE ; | Name of employer | | Occupation or position held Suma and any ete a 2 | Main activities and vo Summer Camp responsibilities | Counsellor Organisation of activities for 13-year-old camp residents | Education and Trainin; cae ~~) EDUCATION AND TRAINING Name of school . | Principal subjects covered 2013-2015 | TES Juan de ta Ciera | Title of qualification awarded s =" English language, mathematics, biology | | | Secondary School Graduate - Bachillerato Languages (eae 1) LANGUAGES | gisiomes | Spanish ' | English (good level written and spoken) | | | German (fluent) Computer Skills | | areal COMPUTER SKILLS | Graphics or multimedtia 7 Fi - - Raping Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint oA Photoshop, Inbesin | Visual Basic Other Ss, Training | or Work Experience | 5 OTHER TRAINING: 2015: lifeguard course | DRIVING LICENCE: Licence for 125cc motorbike 170ene CN aa oR tee} Read the tips below to help you answer different comprehension questions successfull True / False Questions Read the tips for answering true / false questions. Then look at how the tips were used in the example. 11. Make sure you understand the statement’s meaning. Identify the keywords in the statement. 2. Find the relevant part of the text with the help of the keywords or their synonyms. 3. Compare the statement with the text and decide if itis true or false. 4. Justify your answer by quoting the relevant part of the text, Example: Like many Chinese parents, Amy Chua expected her children to work hard to do well. ‘* The keywords are Chinese parents, expected and work hard. * According to lines 13-16 of the text, Ms Chua brought up her daughters in a traditional Chinese way, which means that she brought up her daughters like many Chinese parents. The text also says that she never accepted anything less than their best effort, which means that she expected her daughters to work hard, Answer: True Opinion Questions Read the tip for answering opinion questions. Then look at how the tip was used in the example. There are no correct or incorrect answers to an opinion-based question. However, you should give ‘a reason for your opinion, explaining why you think or feel the way you do. Example: Do you think itis right to punish people for not offering assistance to someone in danger? Explain ‘Answer: think itis right to punish people for not offering assistance to someone in danger. Although I don’t think people should risk their lives in order to help someone, they mustn’t ignore the situation and should at least phone emergency services. / 1 don’t think its right to punish people for not offering assistance to someone in danger. Although people should try to help a person in danger, this should be done as a voluntary act and not something you are forced to do by law. Each person should decide whether to help or not. Finding Synonyms and Antonyms Read the tips for finding synonyms and antonyms. Then look at how the tips were used in the example. 1. Analyse the word given and determine what part of speech It is. Use prefixes and suffixes to help you. 2. Read through the text and pay attention to the words that are the same part of speech as the word given. 3. When looking for a synonym, check yourself by replacing the synonym in the text with the word from the exercise. Then read the sentence to see if it makes sense. Example: Find a synonym for the word significant. * The word significant is an adjective, indicated by the suffix -ant. © In line 6, the writer uses an adjective to describe what Saroo wanted to find - "However, Saroo Brierley, an Indian-born Australian, used Google Earth to find something much more meaningful.” Answer: meaningful Open Questions Read the tips for answering open questions. Then look at how the tips were used in the example. 1. Read the question carefully and determine the type of information (reason, place, time, etc.) you have to provide. Use the question words to help you. 2. Use keywords (or their synonyms) in the question to help you locate the answer in the text. 3. Note the tense in the question. Your answer will generally use the same tense. 4. Write the answer in your own words whenever possible. Do not add unnecessary information or give your opinion. 5. Check for errors in language, spelling and punctuation. 157