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 Factores de conversin
DIMENSIN MTRICO MTRICO/INGLS

Aceleracin 1 m/s2 ! 100 cm/s2 1 m/s2 ! 3.2808 ft/s2

1 ft/s2 ! 0.3048* m/s2
rea 1 m2 ! 104 cm2 ! 106 mm2 ! 10"6 km2 1 m2 ! 1 550 in2 ! 10.764 ft2
1 ft2 ! 144 in2 ! 0.09290304* m2

Densidad 1 g/cm3 ! 1 kg/L ! 1 000 kg/m3 1 g/cm3 ! 62.428 lbm/ft3 ! 0.036127 lbm/in3
1 lbm/in3 ! 1 728 lbm/ft3
1 kg/m3 ! 0.062428 lbm/ft3
Energa, calor, trabajo, 1 kJ ! 1 000 J ! 1 000 N m ! 1 kPa m3 1 kJ ! 0.94782 Btu
energa interna, 1 kJ/kg ! 1 000 m2/s2 1 Btu ! 1.055056 kJ
entalpa 1 kWh ! 3 600 kJ ! 5.40395 psia ft3 ! 778.169 lbf ft
1 cal ! 4.184 J 1 Btu/lbm ! 25 037 ft2/s2 ! 2.326* kJ/kg
1 IT cal ! 4.1868 J 1 kJ/kg ! 0.430 Btu/lbm
1 Cal ! 4.1868 kJ 1 kWh ! 3 412.14 Btu
1 termia ! 105 Btu ! 1.055 # 105 kJ
(gas natural)
Fuerza 1 N ! 1 kg m/s2 ! 105 dina 1 N ! 0.22481 lbf
1 kgf ! 9.80665 N 1 lbf ! 32.174 lbm ft/s2 ! 4.44822 N
Flujo de calor 1 W/cm2 ! 104 W/m2 1 W/m2 ! 0.3171 Btu/h ft2
Coeficiente de trans- 1 W/m2 C ! 1 W/m2 K 1 W/m2 C ! 0.17612 Btu/h ft2 F
ferencia de calor
Longitud 1 m ! 100 cm ! 1 000 mm ! 106 mm 1 m ! 39.370 in ! 3.2808 ft ! 1.0926 yd
1 km ! 1 000 m 1 ft ! 12 in ! 0.3048* m
1 milla ! 5 280 ft ! 1.6093 km
1 in ! 2.54* cm
Masa 1 kg ! 1 000 g 1 kg ! 2.2046226 lbm
1 tonelada mtrica ! 1 000 kg 1 lbm ! 0.45359237* kg
1 onza ! 28.3495 g
1 slug ! 32.174 lbm ! 14.5939 kg
1 ton corta ! 2 000 lbm ! 907.1847 kg
Potencia, velocidad 1 W ! 1 J/s 1 kW ! 3 412.14 Btu/h
de transferencia 1 kW ! 1 000 W ! 1.341 hp ! 737.56 lbf ft/s
de calor 1 hp ! 745.7 W 1 hp ! 550 lbf ft/s ! 0.7068 Btu/s
! 42.41 Btu/min ! 2544.5 Btu/h
! 0.74570 kW
1 hp de caldera ! 33 475 Btu/h
1 Btu/h ! 1.055056 kJ/h
1 ton de refrigeracin ! 200 Btu/min
Presin 1 Pa ! 1 N/m2 1 Pa ! 1.4504 # 10"4 psia
1 kPa ! 103 Pa ! 10"3 MPa ! 0.020886 lbf/ft2
1 atm ! 101.325 kPa ! 1.01325 bars 1 psi ! 144 lbf/ft2 ! 6.894757 kPa
! 760 mm Hg a 0C 1 atm ! 14.696 psia ! 29.92 in Hg a 30F
! 1.03323 kgf/cm2 1 in Hg ! 3.387 kPa
1 mm Hg ! 0.1333 kPa
Calor especfico 1 kJ/kg C ! 1 kJ/kg K ! 1 J/g C 1 Btu/lbm F ! 4.1868 kJ/kg C
1 Btu/lbmol R ! 4.1868 kJ/kmol K
1 kJ/kg C ! 0.23885 Btu/lbm F
! 0.23885 Btu/lbm R

* Factores de conversin exactos entre las unidades mtricas e inglesas.

La calora se define originalmente como la cantidad de calor requerida para aumentar 1C la temperatura de 1 g de agua, pero sta vara con la temperatura.
La calora de la tabla de vapor internacional (IT), generalmente preferida por los ingenieros, es exactamente 4.1868 J por definicin y corresponde al calor
especfico del agua a 15C. La calora termoqumica, por lo general preferida por los fsicos, es exactamente 4.184 J por definicin y corresponde al calor
especfico del agua a temperatura ambiente. La diferencia entre las dos es aproximadamente 0.06 por ciento, lo cual es despreciable. La Calora con inicial
mayscula utilizada por los nutrilogos en realidad es una kilocalora (1 000 caloras IT).

00front matters.indd 2 3/1/12 14:14:21

 DIMENSIN MTRICO MTRICO/INGLS
Volumen especfico 1 m3/kg ! 1 000 L/kg ! 1 000 cm3/g 1 m3/kg ! 16.02 ft3/lbm
1 ft3/lbm ! 0.062428 m3/kg
Temperatura T(K) ! T(C) " 273.15 T(R) ! T(F) " 459.67 ! 1.8T(K)
#T(K) ! #T(C) T(F) ! 1.8 T(C) " 32
#T(F) ! #T(R) ! 1.8 #T(K)
Conductividad 1 W/m C ! 1 W/m K 1 W/m C ! 0.57782 Btu/h ft F
trmica
Velocidad 1 m/s ! 3.60 km/h 1 m/s ! 3.2808 ft/s ! 2.237 mi/h
1 mi/h ! 1.46667 ft/s
1 mi/h ! 1.6093 km/h
Volumen 1 m3 ! 1 000 L ! 106 cm3 (cc) 1 m3 ! 6.1024 $ 104 in3 ! 35.315 ft3
! 264.17 gal (U.S.)
1 U.S. galn ! 231 in3 ! 3.7854 L
1 fl onza ! 29.5735 cm3 ! 0.0295735 L
1 U.S. galn ! 128 fl onzas
1 m3/s ! 60 000 L/min ! 106 cm3/s 1 m3/s ! 15 850 gal/min (gpm) ! 35.315 ft3/s
Tasa de flujo
! 2 118.9 ft3/min (cfm)
volumtrico
Caballo de fuerza mecnico. El caballo de vapor elctrico se toma para que sea exactamente igual a 746 W.

Algunas constantes fsicas

Constante universal de los gases Ru ! 8.31447 kJ/kmol K
! 8.31447 kPa m3/kmol K
! 0.0831447 bar m3/kmol K
! 82.05 L atm/kmol K
! 1.9858 Btu/lbmol R
! 1 545.37 ft lbf/lbmol R
! 10.73 psia ft3/lbmol R
Aceleracin de la gravedad estndar g ! 9.80665 m/s2
! 32.174 ft/s2
Presin atmosfrica estndar 1 atm ! 101.325 kPa
! 1.01325 bar
! 14.696 psia
! 760 mm Hg (0C)
! 29.9213 in Hg (32F)
! 10.3323 m H2O (4C)
Constante de Stefan-Boltzmann % ! 5.6704 $ 10&8 W/m2 K4
! 0.1714 $ 10&8 Btu/h ft2 R4
Constante de Boltzmann k ! 1.380650 $ 10&23 J/K
Velocidad de la luz en el vaco co ! 2.9979 $ 108 m/s
! 9.836 $ 108 ft/s
Velocidad del sonido en aire seco a 0C y 1 atm c ! 331.36 m/s
! 1089 ft/s
Calor de fusin del agua a 1 atm hif ! 333.7 kJ/kg
! 143.5 Btu/lbm
Entalpa de vaporizacin del agua a 1 atm hfg ! 2 256.5 kJ/kg
! 970.12 Btu/lbm

00front matters.indd 3 3/1/12 14:14:21

 908
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-1
Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crtico
Propiedades del punto crtico
Constante
Masa molar, de gas, Temperatura, Presin, Volumen,
Sustancia Frmula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg K* K MPa m3/kmol
Agua H2O 18.015 0.4615 647.1 22.06 0.0560
Aire 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883
Alcohol etlico C2H5OH 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673
Alcohol metlico CH3OH 32.042 0.2595 513.2 7.95 0.1180
Amoniaco NH3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724
Argn Ar 39.948 0.2081 151 4.86 0.0749
Benceno C 6 H6 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603
Bromo Br2 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355
n-Butano C4H10 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547
Cloro Cl2 70.906 0.1173 417 7.71 0.1242
Cloroformo CHCl3 119.38 0.06964 536.6 5.47 0.2403
Cloruro metlico CH3Cl 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430
Criptn Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924
Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179
Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973
Dixido de carbono CO2 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943
Dixido de sulfuro SO2 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217
Etano C 2 H6 30.070 0.2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480
Etileno C2H4 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242
Helio He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578
n-Hexano C6H14 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677
Hidrgeno (normal) H2 2.016 4.1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649
Metano CH4 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993
Monxido de carbono CO 28.011 0.2968 133 3.50 0.0930
Nen Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417
Nitrgeno N2 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899
xido nitroso N 2O 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7.27 0.0961
Oxgeno O2 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0.0780
Propano C 3 H8 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998
Propileno C3H6 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810
Tetracloruro de carbono CCl4 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993
Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478
Xenn Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186

*La unidad en kJ/kg K es equivalente a kPa m3/kg K. La constante de gas se calcula de R ! Ru /M, donde Ru ! 8.31447 kJ/kmol K y M es la masa
molar.
Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad America-
na de Ingenieros de Calefaccin, Refrigeracin y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 908 7/12/11 14:25:58

 909
APNDICE 1

TABLA A-2
Calores especficos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes
a) A 300 K
Constante de gas, R cp cv
Gas Frmula kJ/kg K kJ/kg K kJ/kg K k
Aire 0.2870 1.005 0.718 1.400
Argn Ar 0.2081 0.5203 0.3122 1.667
Butano C4H10 0.1433 1.7164 1.5734 1.091
Dixido de carbono CO2 0.1889 0.846 0.657 1.289
Etano C2H6 0.2765 1.7662 1.4897 1.186
Etileno C2H4 0.2964 1.5482 1.2518 1.237
Helio He 2.0769 5.1926 3.1156 1.667
Hidrgeno H2 4.1240 14.307 10.183 1.405
Metano CH4 0.5182 2.2537 1.7354 1.299
Monxido de carbono CO 0.2968 1.040 0.744 1.400
Nen Ne 0.4119 1.0299 0.6179 1.667
Nitrgeno N2 0.2968 1.039 0.743 1.400
Octano C8H18 0.0729 1.7113 1.6385 1.044
Oxgeno O2 0.2598 0.918 0.658 1.395
Propano C3H8 0.1885 1.6794 1.4909 1.126
Vapor H2O 0.4615 1.8723 1.4108 1.327

Nota: La unidad kJ/kg K es equivalente a kJ/kg C.

Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3a. ed., por Kyle, B.G., 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,
Nueva Jersey.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 909 7/12/11 14:25:58

 958
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-1E
Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crtico
Constante de gas, R Propiedades del punto crtico
Masa
molar, M Btu/ psia ft3/ Temperatura, Presin, Volumen,
Sustancia Frmula lbm/lbmol lbm R* lbm R* R psia ft3/lbmol
Agua H2O 18.015 0.1102 0.5956 1164.8 3200 0.90
Aire 28.97 0.06855 0.3704 238.5 547 1.41
Alcohol etlico C2H5OH 46.07 0.04311 0.2329 929.0 926 2.68
Alcohol metlico CH3OH 32.042 0.06198 0.3349 923.7 1154 1.89
Amoniaco NH3 17.03 0.1166 0.6301 729.8 1636 1.16
Argn Ar 39.948 0.04971 0.2686 272 705 1.20
Benceno C6H6 78.115 0.02542 0.1374 1012 714 4.17
Bromo Br2 159.808 0.01243 0.06714 1052 1500 2.17
n-Butano C4H10 58.124 0.03417 0.1846 765.2 551 4.08
Cloro Cl2 70.906 0.02801 0.1517 751 1120 1.99
Cloroformo CHCl3 119.38 0.01664 0.08988 965.8 794 3.85
Cloruro metlico CH3Cl 50.488 0.03934 0.2125 749.3 968 2.29
Criptn Kr 83.80 0.02370 0.1280 376.9 798 1.48
Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.01643 0.08874 692.4 582 3.49
Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.01930 0.1043 813.0 749 3.16
Dixido de carbono CO2 44.01 0.04513 0.2438 547.5 1071 1.51
Dixido de sulfuro SO2 64.063 0.03100 1.1675 775.2 1143 1.95
Etano C2H6 30.020 0.06616 0.3574 549.8 708 2.37
Etileno C 2 H4 28.054 0.07079 0.3825 508.3 742 1.99
Helio He 4.003 0.4961 2.6809 9.5 33.2 0.926
n-Hexano C6H14 86.178 0.02305 0.1245 914.2 439 5.89
Hidrgeno (normal) H2 2.016 0.9851 5.3224 59.9 188.1 1.04
Metano CH4 16.043 0.1238 0.6688 343.9 673 1.59
Monxido de carbono CO 28.011 0.07090 0.3831 240 507 1.49
Nen Ne 20.183 0.09840 0.5316 80.1 395 0.668
Nitrgeno N2 28.013 0.07090 0.3830 227.1 492 1.44
xido nitroso N2O 44.013 0.04512 0.2438 557.4 1054 1.54
Oxgeno O2 31.999 0.06206 0.3353 278.6 736 1.25
Propano C3H8 44.097 0.04504 0.2433 665.9 617 3.20
Propileno C 3 H6 42.081 0.04719 0.2550 656.9 670 2.90
Tetracloruro de carbono CCl4 153.82 0.01291 0.06976 1001.5 661 4.42
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.01946 0.1052 673.6 588.7 3.19
Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.01446 0.07811 848.1 635 3.97
Xenn Xe 131.30 0.01513 0.08172 521.55 852 1.90

*Calculada de R = Ru /M, donde Ru = 1.98588 Btu/lbmol R = 10.7316 psia ft3/lbmol R y M es la masa molar.
Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52, 1953, pp. 117-236; y ASHRAE (Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefaccin, Refrigeracin y
Acondicionamiento de Aire), Handbook of Fundamentals, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,
1993, pp. 16.4 y 36.1.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 958 7/12/11 14:26:49

 959
APNDICE 2

TABLA A-2E
Calores especficos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes
a) A 80F
Constante de gas, R cp cv
Gas Frmula Btu/lbm R Btu/lbm R Btu/lbm R k
Aire 0.06855 0.240 0.171 1.400
Argn Ar 0.04971 0.1253 0.0756 1.667
Butano C4H10 0.03424 0.415 0.381 1.09
Dixido de carbono CO2 0.04513 0.203 0.158 1.285
Etano C2H6 0.06616 0.427 0.361 1.183
Etileno C2H4 0.07079 0.411 0.340 1.208
Helio He 0.4961 1.25 0.753 1.667
Hidrgeno H2 0.9851 3.43 2.44 1.404
Metano CH4 0.1238 0.532 0.403 1.32
Monxido de carbono CO 0.07090 0.249 0.178 1.399
Nen Ne 0.09840 0.246 0.1477 1.667
Nitrgeno N2 0.07090 0.248 0.177 1.400
Octano C8H18 0.01742 0.409 0.392 1.044
Oxgeno O2 0.06206 0.219 0.157 1.395
Propano C3H8 0.04504 0.407 0.362 1.124
Vapor H2O 0.1102 0.445 0.335 1.329

Fuente: Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, versin ingls/SI, 3a. ed., Nueva York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1986, p. 687, Tabla A.8E.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 959 7/12/11 14:26:50

 Appendix A
Altitude Tables
Downloaded by Duke University on September 30, 2012 | http://arc.aiaa.org | DOI: 10.2514/4.861789

A.1 Units

Table A.1 British Engineering (BE) unitsa

Standard day Cold day Hot day Tropical day

h, kft d, P=Pstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd h, kft

0 1.0000 1.0000 0.7708 1.0849 1.0594 0

1 0.9644 0.9931 0.7972 1.0774 1.0520 1
2 0.9298 0.9863 0.8237 1.0700 1.0446 2
3 0.8963 0.9794 0.8501 1.0626 1.0372 3
4 0.8637 0.9725 0.8575 1.0552 1.0298 4
5 0.8321 0.9656 0.8575 1.0478 1.0224 5
6 0.8014 0.9588 0.8575 1.0404 1.0150 6
7 0.7717 0.9519 0.8575 1.0330 1.0076 7
8 0.7429 0.9450 0.8575 1.0256 1.0002 8
9 0.7149 0.9381 0.8575 1.0182 0.9928 9
10 0.6878 0.9313 0.8565 1.0108 0.9854 10
11 0.6616 0.9244 0.8502 1.0034 0.9780 11
12 0.6362 0.9175 0.8438 0.9960 0.9706 12
13 0.6115 0.9107 0.8375 0.9886 0.9632 13
14 0.5877 0.9038 0.8312 0.9812 0.9558 14
15 0.5646 0.8969 0.8248 0.9738 0.9484 15
16 0.5422 0.8901 0.8185 0.9664 0.9410 16
17 0.5206 0.8832 0.8121 0.9590 0.9336 17
18 0.4997 0.8763 0.8058 0.9516 0.9262 18
19 0.4795 0.8695 0.7994 0.9442 0.9188 19
20 0.4599 0.8626 0.7931 0.9368 0.9114 20
21 0.4410 0.8558 0.7867 0.9294 0.9040 21
22 0.4227 0.8489 0.7804 0.9220 0.8965 22
23 0.4051 0.8420 0.7740 0.9145 0.8891 23
24 0.3880 0.8352 0.7677 0.9071 0.8817 24
25 0.3716 0.8283 0.7613 0.8997 0.8743 25
26 0.3557 0.8215 0.7550 0.8923 0.8669 26
27 0.3404 0.8146 0.7486 0.8849 0.8595 27
28 0.3256 0.8077 0.7423 0.8775 0.8521 28
29 0.3113 0.8009 0.7360 0.8701 0.8447 29

(continued)

785
 786 ELEMENTS OF PROPULSION

Table A.1 British Engineering (BE) unitsa (continued)

Standard day Cold day Hot day Tropical day

h, kft d, P=Pstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd h, kft

30 0.2975 0.7940 0.7296 0.8627 0.8373 30

31 0.2843 0.7872 0.7233 0.8553 0.8299 31
32 0.2715 0.7803 0.7222 0.8479 0.8225 32
33 0.2592 0.7735 0.7222 0.8405 0.8151 33
34 0.2474 0.7666 0.7222 0.8331 0.8077 34
35 0.2360 0.7598 0.7222 0.8257 0.8003 35
36 0.2250 0.7529 0.7222 0.8183 0.7929 36
Downloaded by Duke University on September 30, 2012 | http://arc.aiaa.org | DOI: 10.2514/4.861789

37 0.2145 0.7519 0.7222 0.8109 0.7855 37

38 0.2044 0.7519 0.7222 0.8035 0.7781 38
39 0.1949 0.7519 0.7222 0.7961 0.7707 39
40 0.1858 0.7519 0.7222 0.7939 0.7633 40
42 0.1688 0.7519 0.7222 0.7956 0.7485 42
44 0.1534 0.7519 0.7095 0.7973 0.7337 44
46 0.1394 0.7519 0.6907 0.7989 0.7188 46
48 0.1267 0.7519 0.6719 0.8006 0.7040 48
50 0.1151 0.7519 0.6532 0.8023 0.6892 50
52 0.1046 0.7519 0.6452 0.8040 0.6744 52
54 0.09507 0.7519 0.6452 0.8057 0.6768 54
56 0.08640 0.7519 0.6452 0.8074 0.6849 56
58 0.07852 0.7519 0.6452 0.8091 0.6929 58
60 0.07137 0.7519 0.6452 0.8108 0.7009 60
62 0.06486 0.7519 0.6514 0.8125 0.7090 62
64 0.05895 0.7519 0.6609 0.8142 0.7170 64
66 0.05358 0.7521 0.6704 0.8159 0.7251 66
68 0.04871 0.7542 0.6799 0.8166 0.7331 68
70 0.04429 0.7563 0.6894 0.8196 0.7396 70
72 0.04028 0.7584 0.6990 0.8226 0.7448 72
74 0.03665 0.7605 0.7075 0.8255 0.7501 74
76 0.03336 0.7626 0.7058 0.8285 0.7553 76
78 0.03036 0.7647 0.7042 0.8315 0.7606 78
80 0.02765 0.7668 0.7026 0.8344 0.7658 80
82 0.02518 0.7689 0.7009 0.8374 0.7711 82
84 0.02294 0.7710 0.6993 0.8403 0.7763 84
86 0.02091 0.7731 0.6976 0.8433 0.7816 86
88 0.01906 0.7752 0.6960 0.8463 0.7868 88
90 0.01738 0.7772 0.6944 0.8492 0.7921 90
92 0.01585 0.7793 0.6927 0.8522 0.7973 92
94 0.01446 0.7814 0.6911 0.8552 0.8026 94
96 0.01320 0.7835 0.6894 0.8581 0.8078 96
98 0.01204 0.7856 0.6878 0.8611 0.8130 98
100 0.01100 0.7877 0.6862 0.8640 0.8183 100

a
p
Density: r rstd s rstd d=u: Speed of sound: a astd u.
Reference values: Pstd 2116.2 lbf=ft2; Tstd 518.698R; rstd 0.07647 lbm=ft3; astd 1116 ft=s.
 APPENDIX A: ALTITUDE TABLES 787

Table A.2 Systeme International (SI) unitsa

Standard day Cold day Hot day Tropical day

h, km d, P=Pstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd h, km

0 1.0000 1.0000 0.7708 1.0849 1.0594 0

0.25 0.9707 0.9944 0.7925 1.0788 1.0534 0.25
0.50 0.9421 0.9887 0.8142 1.0727 1.0473 0.50
0.75 0.9142 0.9831 0.8358 1.0666 1.0412 0.75
1.00 0.8870 0.9774 0.8575 1.0606 1.0352 1.00
1.25 0.8604 0.9718 0.8575 1.0545 1.0291 1.25
1.50 0.8345 0.9662 0.8575 1.0484 1.0230 1.50
1.75 0.8093 0.9605 0.8575 1.0423 1.0169 1.75
Downloaded by Duke University on September 30, 2012 | http://arc.aiaa.org | DOI: 10.2514/4.861789

2.00 0.7846 0.9549 0.8575 1.0363 1.0109 2.00

2.25 0.7606 0.9493 0.8575 1.0302 1.0048 2.25
2.50 0.7372 0.9436 0.8575 1.0241 0.9987 2.50
2.75 0.7143 0.9380 0.8575 1.0180 0.9926 2.75
3.00 0.6920 0.9324 0.8575 1.0120 0.9866 3.00
3.25 0.6703 0.9267 0.8523 1.0059 0.9805 3.25
3.50 0.6492 0.9211 0.8471 0.9998 0.9744 3.50
3.75 0.6286 0.9155 0.8419 0.9938 0.9683 3.75
4.00 0.6085 0.9098 0.8367 0.9877 0.9623 4.00
4.25 0.5890 0.9042 0.8315 0.9816 0.9562 4.25
4.50 0.5700 0.8986 0.8263 0.9755 0.9501 4.50
4.75 0.5514 0.8929 0.8211 0.9695 0.9441 4.75
5.00 0.5334 0.8873 0.8159 0.9634 0.9380 5.00
5.25 0.5159 0.8817 0.8107 0.9573 0.9319 5.25
5.50 0.4988 0.8760 0.8055 0.9512 0.9258 5.50
5.75 0.4822 0.8704 0.8003 0.9452 0.9198 5.75
6.00 0.4660 0.8648 0.7951 0.9391 0.9137 6.00
6.25 0.4503 0.8592 0.7899 0.9330 0.9076 6.25
6.50 0.4350 0.8535 0.7847 0.9269 0.9015 6.50
6.75 0.4201 0.8479 0.7795 0.9209 0.8955 6.75
7.00 0.4057 0.8423 0.7742 0.9148 0.8894 7.00
7.25 0.3916 0.8366 0.7690 0.9087 0.8833 7.25
7.50 0.3780 0.8310 0.7638 0.9027 0.8773 7.50
7.75 0.3647 0.8254 0.7586 0.8966 0.8712 7.75
8.00 0.3519 0.8198 0.7534 0.8905 0.8651 8.00
8.25 0.3393 0.8141 0.7482 0.8844 0.8590 8.25
8.50 0.3272 0.8085 0.7430 0.8784 0.8530 8.50
8.75 0.3154 0.8029 0.7378 0.8723 0.8469 8.75
9.00 0.3040 0.7973 0.7326 0.8662 0.8408 9.00
9.25 0.2929 0.7916 0.7274 0.8601 0.8347 9.25
9.50 0.2821 0.7860 0.7222 0.8541 0.8287 9.50
9.75 0.2717 0.7804 0.7222 0.8480 0.8226 9.75
10.00 0.2615 0.7748 0.7222 0.8419 0.8165 10.00
10.25 0.2517 0.7692 0.7222 0.8358 0.8104 10.25
10.50 0.2422 0.7635 0.7222 0.8298 0.8044 10.50
10.75 0.2330 0.7579 0.7222 0.8237 0.7983 10.75
11.00 0.2240 0.7523 0.7222 0.8176 0.7922 11.00

(continued)
 788 ELEMENTS OF PROPULSION

Table A.2 Systeme International (SI) unitsa (continued)

Standard day Cold day Hot day Tropical day

h, km d, P=Pstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd u, T=Tstd h, km

11.25 0.2154 0.7519 0.7222 0.8116 0.7862 11.25

11.50 0.2071 0.7519 0.7222 0.8055 0.7801 11.50
11.75 0.1991 0.7519 0.7222 0.7994 0.7740 11.75
12.00 0.1915 0.7519 0.7222 0.7933 0.7679 12.00
12.25 0.1841 0.7519 0.7222 0.7940 0.7619 12.25
12.50 0.1770 0.7519 0.7222 0.7947 0.7558 12.50
12.75 0.1702 0.7519 0.7222 0.7954 0.7497 12.75
Downloaded by Duke University on September 30, 2012 | http://arc.aiaa.org | DOI: 10.2514/4.861789

13.00 0.1636 0.7519 0.7222 0.7961 0.7436 13.00

13.25 0.1573 0.7519 0.7145 0.7968 0.7376 13.25
13.50 0.1513 0.7519 0.7068 0.7975 0.7315 13.50
13.75 0.1454 0.7519 0.6991 0.7982 0.7254 13.75
14.00 0.1399 0.7519 0.6914 0.7989 0.7193 14.00
14.25 0.1345 0.7519 0.6837 0.7996 0.7133 14.25
14.50 0.1293 0.7519 0.6760 0.8003 0.7072 14.50
14.75 0.1243 0.7519 0.6683 0.8010 0.7011 14.75
15.00 0.1195 0.7519 0.6606 0.8017 0.6951 15.00
15.25 0.1149 0.7519 0.6529 0.8024 0.6890 15.25
15.50 0.1105 0.7519 0.6452 0.8031 0.6829 15.50
15.75 0.1063 0.7519 0.6452 0.8037 0.6768 15.75
16.0 0.1022 0.7519 0.6452 0.8044 0.6708 16.0
16.5 0.09447 0.7519 0.6452 0.8058 0.6774 16.5
17.0 0.08734 0.7519 0.6452 0.8072 0.6839 17.0
17.5 0.08075 0.7519 0.6452 0.8086 0.6905 17.5
18.0 0.07466 0.7519 0.6452 0.8100 0.6971 18.0
18.5 0.06903 0.7519 0.6452 0.8114 0.7037 18.5
19.0 0.06383 0.7519 0.6531 0.8128 0.7103 19.0
19.5 0.05902 0.7519 0.6611 0.8142 0.7169 19.5
20.0 0.05457 0.7519 0.6691 0.8155 0.7235 20.0
20.5 0.05046 0.7534 0.6771 0.8169 0.7301 20.5
21.0 0.04667 0.7551 0.6851 0.8180 0.7367 21.0
21.5 0.04317 0.7568 0.6930 0.8204 0.7410 21.5
22.0 0.03995 0.7585 0.7010 0.8228 0.7453 22.0
23 0.03422 0.7620 0.7063 0.8277 0.7539 23
24 0.02933 0.7654 0.7036 0.8326 0.7625 24
25 0.02516 0.7689 0.7009 0.8374 0.7711 25
26 0.02160 0.7723 0.6982 0.8423 0.7797 26
27 0.01855 0.7758 0.6955 0.8471 0.7883 27
28 0.01595 0.7792 0.6928 0.8520 0.7969 28
29 0.01372 0.7826 0.6901 0.8568 0.8056 29
30 0.01181 0.7861 0.6874 0.8617 0.8142 30

a
p
Density: r rstd s rstd d=u: Speed of sound: a astd u:
Reference values: Pstd 101,325 N=m2; Tstd 288.15 K; rstd 1.225 kg=m3; astd 340.3 m=s.