Atmopadesa Satakam PDF

Btm-]t- Zi-iX
- Iw
Btm]tZiiXIw 1
Malayalam Language
ATMOPADESA SATAKAM
(A Hundred Verses of Advice for Self-Realization))
Contemplative Writing
SWAMI MUKTANANDA YATI
Published By
ONE-WORLD
School of Vedanta
Chethikode. P.O
Ernakulam- 682315.
Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032

email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com
web site : www.gurudhaamam.org
Cover : One-World Graphics

Type : Nitya Chetana
Proof : Sabari Chetana
Printed at : Don Bosco, Ernakulam
First Edition : 2002
Upto Fourth Edition : 2011, Copies - 5000
Fifth Edition : Sep - 2014, Copies : 2000
Rights Reserved
Rs. 160
Btm]tZiiXIw 2
{io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns
Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- Iw
a\\mhnjvmcw
kzman apm-\ bXn
Btm]tZiiXIw 3
kzman apm-\ bXn
1967 Xriq Pn-bnse Ip-en-bq-cn P\n-p. sNdp--nXs

tamtp Bbn-cp-p. kvIqfn ]Tn-p-tmXs Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-
bmbn Ae-bp-I ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. km-c-n-\n-S-bnepw ]T\w XpSp.
km-n-I-im-kv{X-n _ncp-Zhpw BwK-te-b-km-ln-Xy-n _ncp-Zm-
\--c-_n-cp-Zhpw FSpp. tPW-en-k-n ]n.Pn Untma t\Sn. Ipd-
p-Imew ]{X-{]-h-I-\mbn tPmen sNbvXp. Atm-tgpw Kpcp-k-hn-
[-n AW-bm-\p- XrjvW AZ-ay-am-bn. AXn-\m tPmenbpw Kmln-
I-Xbpw If-p. Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X-\y- b-Xn-bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-p.
Kpcp-hns \nt-i{- ]-Imcw 1993 \mcm-bW
- K
- p-cp-Ip-e
- n tNp. Dun-
bnse t^ln \mcm-bWKp-cp-Ip-e-n Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn-
bpsS kao-]h - n-bmbn Kpcp-tkh sNphm\pw Aym-i - m-kv{X-
hnNmcw sNp-hm\pw ku`mKyhpw \ntbm-Khpw Dm-bn. 2000 Fd-Wm-
Ipfw Imn-ca -
- v \nXy-\n-tI-X\w B{iaw m]n-p. {]`m-jW - - fpw
{K-c-N-\bpw XpS-cp-p. Ctm sXmSp-]p-g-bv-Sp-p Ce-ho-gm-q-
n-d-bn temI-nse ]pcm-X-\-amb Bym-n-I-ss]-XrIw kXy-Ip-
Xp-In-Iv ]phbvm-\mbn Hcp Am-cmjv{S thZm[ym\-tI{
ns {]h-\-n hym]r-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 4
AhXmcnI
A dn-hp-Wv, Adn-hn-e-av, Adnhp am{X-amb Hcp
{_hn-ns {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns B-ma-{-
W--fmWv a\-\m-\pIq-e-amb artK-{-apJw hr-n hnc-
Nn-X-amb \qdp tmI--f-S-p Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Iw. Kpcp-
hns IrXn-If - n Ghpw {][m\w Cu IrXn-Xs - . Kpcp
CXn kzbw Nne Xncp--ep-I hcpn-bn-p--Xn-\m
Kpcp-hn\v CXn-t\mSp {]tXyI XmXv]cyw Dm-bn-cpp Fq-
ln-mw-. Adnhv F tI{-n-X\ - mb kqcy-\n\np hnIn-
cWw sNp Inc-Wa - mWv CXnse Hmtcm tmI-hpw.
Adnhv F Hp am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q. thsd ]eXpw
Dsp tXmn-p-Xv Adn-hn-s-Xs Hcp "the'bmWv.
hyn Adn-hn\npw `n-\. temI-ns nXnbpw
hyXy-kvXa-
- . ]t, hynbpw Adnhpw Hp-Xs Fp
]d-bp-Xpw temIhpw Adnhpw HpXs Fp ]dbpXpw
Htc A-n-e Fp ad-c - p-Xv. hyn Fn-hnsS ]d-
Xv Pohm-mhv F A-n-epw Adnhv Fp ]d-
Xv ]c-am-mhv F A-n-ep-am-Wv. Ch Xn-ep
At`Zw Xz-akn (]-ca- k
- Xyw \obm-Ip-p), Alw {_mkvan
(Rm {_-am-Ip-p), inthmlw (Rm inh-\m-Ip-p) apX-
emb alm-hm-Iy--fm kqNn-X-am-Ip-XpXs. Fm
temIhpw Adnhpw Hsp ]d-bp-Xv Adn-h - msX thsd
Hpw Cspw DXmbn tXmp-Xv Adn-hn \neo-\-
amb Hcp {]tXyI in-bpsS ê-am-bn-m-sWpw D
A-n-em-Wv. khw JeznZw {_ (Cu ImWm-bs - Xmw
{_-am-Ip-p) F alm-hm-Iy-n\nv Cu A-n
Fn-t-cmw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 5
AssZz-X-ns \ne-]m-Sn\np hyn-_--fpw
kaq-l-kw-hn-[m-\hpw icn-bmb \ne-bn a\-n-em-p-hm
]p hn[-n-emWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw kwhn-[m\w
sNbvXnp-X
- v. Htc kabw Xmzn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-Ihpamb
kao-]-\- CXn ImWmw.
ae-bm-f- nse `K-hZ- vKoX Fp hnti-jn-n-s - Cu
IrXnp ae-bm-f - n Ccp-]X - n]cw hymJym-\ - Dm-
bn-p-v. Ctmgpw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. AXn\npw
hyXykvXamb HmWp kzman apm-\ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-
hn-jvImcw F hymJym-\w. km[m-cW-msc Kpcp-hc - p-fnb
D]-\n-jZ- pncl-ky-f - n-tebvp ssI]n-Sn-m-\b - n-pI F
ey-amWv Cu hymJym-\ - n-\p-X - v. Hmtcm ]Zyhpw ]Zw
Xncnv A\z-b{- I-a - n ]Zmw ]dv XmXv]c - ymw
hnh-cn-pI F k{-Zm-ba - mWv ChnsS A\p-hn-n-p-
Xv. Ign-bp-{X efn-Xhpw AXp-sIm-p-Xs kp{K-lhp-
amb `mj-bmWp D]-tbm-Kn-n-p-X - v. Cu IrXn BZy-ambn
]cn-Nb- s
- -Sp-h- p-t]mepw Hsms Dn-tep IS-m
klm-bn-p-X - m-Wp hymJym-\w.
DZm-l-c-W-n\v ""]c-bpsS ]mep \pI'' Fp XpS-
p ]Xn- \ mw ]Zy- ns hymJym\w ]Imw- :
""Imew Ne-\-am-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c-nsbpw
a\-n-tbpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-n\v hi-s-n-cn-p-Xv
Am-\m-h - b
- n-em-Wv. Ne-\
- n Poh\v _\w A\p-
`-hs
- -Sp-p. _\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. m\amWv Pohs\ \n-
e-amb Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn-p-Xv. \n-eX B\--am-
Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-a-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn Aan-cn-
p m\n-Iv Ime-t_m[w Hcp ]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-
h-s-Sm-dn-. Bm-\p-`qXn B\--ns \nd-p-I-hn-b-em-
Wv. Bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev. AXv Aar-Xm-Wv.
arXyp-hn\npw Pohs\ XcWw sNn-p ckm-b-\w.
Fm-hpw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-a - . `mKy-hm-mt
AX-\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. `mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 6
AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-ns ê-ambn am{Xw e`n-p--X-
. Ir]bvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-m {]tXy-Inp ImcWw Bh-iy-
an-. Fm At\z-jn-p-h - t\ Cuiz-cI
- r] Xncn-d
- n-bm
Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Bm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjw-t]mepw
Hcp \nan-jw F-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm Am-
\-m Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n \nd-n-cn-p-tm Hcp
\nan-jw-X-s Hcm-bncw hj-t]mse `mc-ap--Xm-bn-
ocpw. Imew a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\-n kpJapm-
Ip-tm Ime-n\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]mp-t]m-Ip
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-pw. ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-tm Imen\p \ofw
IqSpw. kabw Cg-p-\o-p--Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw.
kpJ-Zpx-J- Bt]-n-I--fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-
imkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-apt Kpcp ]d-pI-gnp.
Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-hym-Jym-\--fpsS CSbn XnIpw
am\y-amb Hcp m\w kzman apm-\ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-
hn-jvIm-c-n\v Ah-Im-i-s-Smw. kzman Cu hgn-p {ia-
XpS-cp-am-dm-I-s.
G{]n, 2002 tUm. Sn. `mkvIc

Atab. Ieq
Btm]tZiiXIw 7
apJ-p-dn
Rm s\mcp IY hmbn-n-p-v. bph-Xz-n-tev Imeq-n-

\np-tm-gmWv AXp hmbn-m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. B
IY hmbn-t- m Rm\msI Akz-\ - m-bn. hon \npw
Cd-n-\S- - p. ImcWw B IY shdp-samcp IY am{X-am-bn-cp-
n-; A-cm--fpsS Hcp Ie-hd Xs-bm-bn-cpp.
Ftm-Sp-Xs - -bp-ff Hcp-Xcw tNmZyw-sN-e - m-bn-cpp AXv.
B IY Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bp-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp]t, \n-
fn ]mIw-h Hcp a\-p-s-n Cu IY \nsf tNmZyw
sNpw. C{Xbpw \mfpw \n [cn-n-cp s]mbvap-J -
]nn-onf-bpw. \n-fpsS Bm-hns imeo-\k - u-ay-X-
bn Hcp-thf sNe-hg - n-m-\mbn Dw XpSn-p-t]m-Ipw. C\n
IY ]d-bs - ........
Hcn- Hcp knwl-pv P\nbvm\n-S-h-Xv Hcp
Bn]--n-em-bn-cp-p. X-knwlw Cc-]n-Sn-m-\mbn Hcp
Ipn\npw FSp-p-Nm-Sn-b-tm \ne-p-hogpIbpw
Ahn-sS-n-Sp {]k-hn-pI-bp-am-bn-cpp. Ipns\ {]k-
hn DSs\ X-knwlw Npt]mbn. B knwl-p-ns
IpI Xpd-n-p-t]mepw Dm-bn-cp-n-. A{Xbpw sNdnb
Ipm-bn-cp-p. Bn-S-b B knwl-Ip-ns\ Bn]--
-fpsS IqsS Iqn. Bnq- - nse X-bm-Sp-If- psS ape
IpSnv B knwl-pv hfp hep-Xm-bn. BSp-I B
knw-ls X-sf-tmse Icp-Xn. BSp-I Ic-bp--Xp-
t]mse knwlhpw Ic-bpw. BSp-I ]pp Xnp-X - p-t]mse
B knwlhpw ]pp-Xnpw. Ah Hcp-anp Ifnp ckn-pw.
knwl-ns BIm-cs - -p-dnv BSp-Itm BSp-If - psS
BIm-ct- `-Zs- -p-dnp knwl-nt\m Hcp kwi-bhpw Dm-
bn-cp-n-. As\ Ime- Hcp-]mSp Ign-p-t]m-bn.
Btm]tZiiXIw 8
Hcn- hr-\mb Hcp knwlw Bn]- - f - psS ASp-
p-IqsS IS-p-t]m-Im\nS-bm-bn. Atm Bnq- - n-
Hcp knwlw Ifn-p-ck - n-p-X- p-Iv hr-\mb knwlw
ApXw Iqdn. AtXm-sSmw tcmjhpw tXmn. Bnq-
-nse knwlw BSn-s\-tmse Ic-bp-Xp ImWv B
hrknwlw Ap-Xs - -Xv. am{X-a AXv ]pv X- n-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. hr-\mb knwls I-tm av BSp-I
t]Sn-tm-Sm XpS-n. Atm Bn]- - nse knwlhpw
`b-p-hn-dtmSm XpS-n. hr-\mb knwl-n\v Atm
ebpw tcmjhpw Hcp-anp hp. Xs Ipe-n\pXs
am\-lm\n hcp-n-h-bvp--Xm-Wtm Chs {]hrn
Fv B hrknwlw Hmp. hr-\mb knwlw Bnq-
-ns IqsS Hm-Sn-tm-Ip knwl-s-n-Snv _e-ambn
Hcp XSm-I--c-bn-tep sImp-t]m-bn. t]Snp hnd-]q
Ip-It- fmsS, Xs shdptX hnS-Ws - ap ]dv B ]mhw
knwlw tIWp-. Fm hr-\mb knwlw, Xs h-
n\p hp-tN A]-am-\-I-c-amb A[x-]-X-\s amn-
sb-Sp--W-sa \n-b-tm-Sp-IqSn XSm-I--c-bnse kz-
amb Pe-n-\-cn-In BSpI-fp-ambn am\-kn-I-Xm-Zmyw
]q knwls sImp-t]mbn \ndpn. Fnp Kn-
p-sImp ]dp: ""FSm hnUvVn! \o Fs apJ-t-sm
p t\mq; Fnv B XSm-I - nse Pe-n \ns {]Xn-
m-b Hp ImWq.''
XSm-I-nse sXfn Pe-n {]Xn-^-en apJw
I-tm s]s-m-bn-cpp ]qhn-Ia - mb Xs kzXz-ns
\nbw Hcp shfn-]m-Sp-t]mse B knwl-n P\n--Xv.
Bn]- - n-eI- s
- knwl-ns Dn\npw Atm
Hcp K\w AW-s]m-n. B K\w ZnK- - sf t`Zn-
p apg-ambn-cp-p. AXp hopw hopw Kn-p.
B knwlw Xs kzcq-]s Xncn-d - n-p. AXns ]qhn
Iamb kvac-WI - DWp-h - p. hr-\mb knwlw CsX
mw Ip \np-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hr-\mb knwl-ns
Btm]tZiiXIw 9
Imcp-Wy-n\p sImp-knwlw \n ]d-p: ""An-m-bn-cp-
p-sh-n Fs apgp-h Pohn-Xhpw B Bn]- - n-s-
IqsS ]pp-Xnp Xpe-p-If
- t- bn-hc- pam-bn-cp-t-t\. As-
\np ]pXn-sbmcp PohnXw Xn-cn-p-p.'' hr-\mb knwlw
sNdnb knwls ap knwl-f - psS ASp-tp sImp-
t]m-bn.
\psS Pohn-Xhpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw \psS B-
kz-Xzs ad-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]e]e XmZm-y--
fm Bn]- - n-eI- s
- knwl-p-n-s\-tm-se-bmWv
\mw hf-cp-X- v. IpSpw_ambn Pohn-p-t]m-cp \mw ]e-X-c-
n-ep kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb _-
-fmepw _-\--fmepw kzX-kn--amb \psS kzcq]w
ad-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. B kzcq-]-ns aln-am-Xn-ibw a\-
n-em-msX sImp-sIm-p- Xp-cp-p-I-fn kzm-amb
PohnXw \bn-p-h - c
- mWv Gsd-t]-cpw.
am\-h-cm-in-bpsS `qXImew tcmKm-Xp-c-ambncpp. A\m-
tcm-Ky-I-c-am-bn-cp-p. {`m-am-bn-cp-p. Ign cm-bn-cn
Aqdv hj--fn Hcm-bncw bp--sf-nepw am\-h-
cmin sNbv X n- p- v . CXv XnIpw Ahn- i z- k - \ o- b - a mbn
tXmmw. am\-h-cmin ASn-apSn a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-am-bn-cp-p.
aqV-am-bn-cp-p. kp-Nn-X-amb Bi-b-fpw a\p-jys\ ]e-
Xmbn ]nfpI-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. kaqlw Ah-\n Zpcn-
Xhpw \c-Ihpw krjvSn-p-Ib - mWv sNbvXXv. AXn-\m Ah-
s\m- c n- epw t_m[- h m- \ m- I m Ign- b p- n. Hcn- epw
]qW-\m-Iphm\pw Ign-bp-n. kZm-Nm-c-ns aqSp-]-S-a-
Wnv GsXmcp hi-s-bmtWm Ah \ntj-[n-p-Xv
B hiw Ah-s\-Xnsc ]I t]mn-sm-n-cn-pp.\mw
ASn--anb hiw AXn-Po-hn-p-hm-\mbn D]m-b-fpw
hngn-Ifpw Xnc-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AtXmsS \-fmsI bp-
`q-an-bmbn amdpw. A-s\-bm-bn-cpp Ncn-{X-nse apgp-h
am\-h-cminbpw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 10
CXp-hsc \apv bYm a\p-jys\ krjvSn-m-\m-bn-n-
. \c-ka- m-\\
- mb Hcp Pohn-sb-bmWv \mw krjvSn-n-p-X
- v.
AXv FmwsImpw hnI-e-amb Hcp Pohn-bm-Wv. Ahs\
Ahs ]qW-X-bn ]pjv]n-X-\m-Im A\p-h-Zn-n-n-.
Ah hyn-Xz-ns ]IpXn-am-{X-am-W.v ]IpXn Fm-btv m-
gpw Jn\pw ]ncn-ap-dp-a- p-h
- \
- p-am-Wv. Ah\v B\-n-p-
hm Ign-bp-n-. Hcp ]qW-a\p-jy\p am{Xta B\np-
hm Ign-bpI-bp-q. ]qW-\m-Ip--Xnse ]cn-a-f-n\n-
mWv BtLmjw kw`-hn-p-X - v.
Iptd-mew kmaq-ln-I] - c
- n-an-Xn-If
- n XmZmyw ]qp
Pohn-tnh Cubp-h - \v Bm-hns \nc-Xn-ib - Z- -
W-n Fs X\n-ab - p apJw ImWn-p-X alm-Im-cp-Wn-
I-\mWv Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X\ - y-bX - n. B Kpcp-hn-eq-sS-bmWv Rm
Fs kzXz-ns C\n-ab - p-ff {]Xew BZy-ambn \pW--
Xv. Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-tm Fm-hpw Ah-cpsS
kzXzs Xncn--dn-bm-\p-ff Im-Sn-bm-bn-cn-Ww CXnse
Hmtcm hmpw Fv {]m-\m-]qhw A`n-ej - n-p-Ib - m-W.v
Cu Amw ]Xn-n Hpan tmI-fpw Bi-bh - n-]p-eo-I-
cWw sNbvXnpv. hmb-\b - psS kpK-aX \jvSs - -Sp-m-sX-
bmWv AXv sNbvXn-cn-p-X - .v am{X-a ]pkvXI - - ns Ay-
n ]Z-kq-NnI Xm-dmn tNn-p-apv. ske-ISv ohv doUnw-
Kn\v CXp klm-bn-pw. Cu ]pkvXIw Xm-dm-n-bX - n-\p-
tijw GI-tZiw AXp aWn-q ssZLy-ap Btm-
]-tZ-ii
- X
- I
-
- nse Hmtcm tmIhpw kqvaX - t- bmsS ]cn-
tim-[n-p Hcp {]`m-jWw Xe-tbm-e - d
-
- n hp \S-p-
I-bp-mbn. AXns sdtmUv sNbvX koUn Xm-dm-bn-p-
v. Btm-]t- Z-ii - X
- I- s IqSp-X Bg-n Adn-bp-hm
B{K-ln-p-hv Chn-sS-\npw AXv e`n-p-X - m-bn-cn-pw.
CXns cN-\b - n BZyw klm-bn \nXy-bvpw {]q^v
doUv sNbvX i_-cn-b v pw kvt\lm\p-{K- t\cp-p.
Imn-ca
- w lrZ-b]qhw
BKv 2014 kzman apm-\ bXn
Btm]tZiiXIw 11
B-Zi-\-{]-th-inI
B tm-]-tZ-iiXIw Hcp imkv{X-am-Wv. B imkv{Xw
B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw t]msebp Hcp imkv{X-a-.
B\p-`q-Xn-I - m-\a
- p Hcp Ejn-bpsS lrm-cn hnf
AssZz-X-a-I-c-amW-Xv. AXns\mcp ka-{KXbp-v. ka-{K-
Xsbp ]d-bm ImcWw, AXns ]cn-[n-bn hcm
Hpw-X-s-bn. KW-\-bns]-Sp-Xpw KW-\-bn\np
Ihn-Xpw Dsm-m t]mcp A\--hn-im-e-XbmWv
Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-s ka-{K-am-p--Xv. ]qm--I ]d-
p-\-S-p--Xp-Iv IuXp-I-aq-dp Hcp sImp-Ip-ns
t_m[Xehpw \nhm-W-ns [ym\-hn-lm-b-n A\p-
`qXn \pW-psImn-cn-p Hcp tbmKn-bpsS t_m[Xe
hpw Cu imkv{X-n Htc-t]mse CSw Is-p-p-v.
{]Xy--tKm-N-c-amb Cu {]]-hpw KWn-X-im-kv{X-ns
Imev]\ - n-Ia- mb kqvaX - e
-
- fpw Bym-n-IX
- b
- psS A\p-
`q-Xn-km-{n-abpw Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-ns hnNm-c-hym-]vXn-
bn A`q-X-fm-Wv. hymk\pw \yq-\pw sslk _
Kpw IWm-Z-\pw {InkvXphpw \_n-bpw _p\pw Fmw
Btm-]-tZ-i-km-K-c-nse tXtPm-X-cw-K--fm-Wv.
am{X-a, Btm- ] - t Z- i - i - X - I - n\p hy-amsbmcp
eyhpw {]Xn-]m-Z\
- c
- o-Xn-bpap-v. CXn Ah-Xc - n-n-p
hnjbw \app ]cn-Nb - a- n-m-X - - . B hnjbw Aym--
am-Wv. RmXs-bm-Wv. Rms\p ]d-m ico-cs
am{Xw ASn-m-\-am-n-bp Rm\-. ico-chpw a\pw
Bmhpw Hm-bn-cn-p Rm. tkm{I-okpw D]-\n-j-
Btm]tZiiXIw 12
nse Ejnbpw Dun-bqnd {]tabw: ""\o \ns-
Adn-bp-I. B Adnhv \ns kzX-{-\m-pw.'' As\ Rm
Fs {]ta-ba - mn At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-p-tm AXn
{]]-s kw_-npw Cuiz-cs\ kw_-npw D
]T-\
- kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbn A`-hn-pp.
GsXmcp Pnm-kp-hn\pw At\z-j-W-hp-ambn aptm-p-
t]m-Ip-tm aqp tNmZy-s
- f BXy-n-Ia
- mbn A`n-ap-Jo-
I-cn-tn hcpw.
1 Cu temIw Fhn-sS-\n-p-mbn?
2 Rm BcmWv?
3 Fn\p Pohn-Ww?
Cu aqp tNmZy-pw Dcw \Im ]cym-]vX-am-
Ip-tmtg Hcp imkv{X-n\v ka-{KX Ah-Im-i-s-Sm Ign-
bp-I-bp-q. ChnsS Hmtcm tNmZy-n\pw ap tNmZy--fpsS
D-c-sf Is-m-\p D-c-hm-Zn--hpap-v. Hmtcm
tNmZyhpw imkv{Xo-b-amb hnNm-c-]--Xn-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-X-
am-bn-p-v. Hmas tNmZy-n\v Dcw \evIp-Xv
km-im-kv{Xw (ontology). cmatXv m\-im-kv{Xw
(epistemology). aqma-tXv aqey-imkv{Xw (axiology). Cu
aqp imkv{X-f - nepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{X-n\pw \ne-
bp-d
- n-m Ign-bn-. Fm Kpcp-hm-Is, Cu aqp imkv{X-
tbpw ""{_-hnZy'' (The Science of the Absolute) F
kq k - a
- \
- z-bX - {- ns ]cn-KW - b- n sImp-h - n-
mWv kIe Zmi-\n-Ik - a
- k
- y-It- fbpw ]cn-lc
- n-p-X
- v.
Bm-hns\ kw_-n-p Cu imkv{Xs imkvt{Xm-
NnX-ambn ]d-p-X-cp imkv{X {io\mcm-b-W-
KpcphmWv. K
- pcp Bm-arXw \pI Ejn-hc - y-\m-Wv. ]c-a-
]p-cp-jm-amb apnsb kqcy-Xpeyw B-[m-c-bmn
amnb alm-a\- o-jn-bp-am-Wv. kzbw a
- p-\
- mb Kpcp am\p-jy-
Is apgp-h\pw apn-bn-tep \bn-m-\mWv Btm-]t- Z-
i-iX- Iw cNn-X- v. Atm apn-bmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]Tn-
Btm]tZiiXIw 13
p--Xns {]tbm-P-\w. Fn \np apn-bmWv?
Am-\-n\n-p- apn. ]c- h - i - X - b n\n- p
apn. ti--fn\n-p apn. Am-\w-sIm-mWv
\apv Pohn-Xw _-\w-t]mse tXmp-Xpw ZpxJwsImv
Nv XIpt]m-Ip--Xpsa-mw. _\w A\p-`-hn-p--
XpsIm-mWv Hcmv apn thW-sap tXmp--Xv.
apn-bvp-th-n-bmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw ]Tn-p-Xv.
AXp-sImv Btm-]t- Z-ii- X- Iw Hcp tam-im-kv{X-am-Wv.
_-\ - n\n-p tamamWXv. ZpxJ-n \np
tamamW-Xv. {]m]-n-IX- b- n\np tamamWXv.
\mw Cu temI-n Pohn-p-tmXs C{n-b--fn-
eq-tSbpw a\-n-eq-tSbpw temIhnj-b-sf A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-p-v. C{n-b
- smpw a\-p-sImpw _-
s-Sp hnj-b- \s _np-p. CjvS-cq-]-nepw
A\n-jvS-cq-]-nepw DZm-ko-\-cq-]-nepw \s kzm[o-\n-
p-p. temI-n Pohn-p--tXm-sSmwXs \mw Cu
temI-ns `mKhpamWv. Fm \psS apn-ep \ma-
cq-]m--I-am-b temIs \mw Adn-bp-Xv \n\npw
A\y-am-b Hcp hkvXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Cu temIs
A\p-`-hn-p-Xv, mXm-hmbpw Im-hmbpw t`mm-
hmbpw hn`-Pn-Xambm-Wv. \n\n-pw A\y-am-b temIs
hopwhopw `pPn-p-hm hy{KXsp-sIm-n-cn-p
HmWv Poh. Poh Ftmgpw ]q-Xb - vp-th-n-bmWv
{ian-pXv. Poh PK-n-s\-bmWv AXns XrjvWsb
HSp-p-hm-\mbn `pPn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. As\ Poh
PK-ns\ XrjvWm-\n-hr-n-mbn `pPnp-tm hopw
hopw _-\-n-tep t]mhp-p. Fm t`mK-Xr-jvW-
bpsS adp-]p-d-amb sshcmKyw hyn-bn P\n-p-tm
Cu PohXs PK-n\np apn B{K-ln-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Atm B apnv tlXp-hm-bn-mWv Cuiz-
c hcp--Xv. Cuiz-c kh-X-{-kz-X-{-\m-Wv. m\-
kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. A\--\m-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 14
Cuizc PK-nsbpw Poh-sbpw {kjvSm-hm-Wv.
kwlmhpw Cuiz- c Xs. krjv S n- I mhpw
kwlmhpamb Cuiz-c krjvSn-{]-{Inb F eoesb
(play) Poh\neqsS Ah-Xc- n-n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-X
- v. {]]w
F \ma-cq-]m--I-eoesb Poh F {]mXn-`m-kn-I-X-
bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--XmWv BsI PK-ns s]mXp-
hm-b Bhn-jvIm-c-X-{w. ChnsS {]]--n\v BXy-n-I-
amb \ne-\n-ev]n-. shfnw hcp-tm Ccpfv t]mIp--Xp-
t]mse {]]-hpw m\m-K-a-\-tmsS amp-t]m-Ipw.
A{]-Xy--am-Ipw.
Poh _-\--\mbn-cn-p-tm B Pohs\ apn-
bn-tev B\-bn-p Hcp {]Xn-]m-Z-\-X{-am-bn-cn-Ww
imkv{X-n Dm-bn-cn-t-Xv. imkv{X-n\v Ah-ew-
_n-m-hp coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) Pohs\ Btm-p-
J-am-n-sb-Sp-pI am{X-am-Wv; As-n Cuiz-tcm-p-J-
amnop-IbmWv. GsXm-cd - n-hp-sIm-mtWm \apv Cu
PKv _\w F-Xp-t]mse tXmn-Xv B Adn-hmWv
hnth-I-_p-n. _-Im-c-W-amb PK-ns\ \ncm-I-cn-t-
Xv Pohs tam-kn-nv Ah-iyw-th Hcp {]{In-b-
bm-Wv. AXn-\p-th hen-sbmcp Adn-hns\ Kpcp ]d-p-X-
cn-IbmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n-eqsS sNp--Xv.
Btm-]t- Z-ii - X
- I-
- n Kpcp \S-n-bn-cn-p Nn-bmb
Ah-X-cWw A\ym-Zr-i-sat ]d-bm-s\m-p-I-bp-q. {]Xn-
]m-Z-\-nepw `mj-bpsS kqva-amb {]tbm-K-nepw Kpcp
Ah-ew-_n-n-p \njvj Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Is
temI-an-nIv kmln-Xn-bpsS A{Kn-a-m-\v {]Xn-jvTn-p-
p. Hm-aX - mbn \mw At\z-jn-v Is-t Hcp D-bp-
v. AXns\ "Icp' FmWv hnfnp-X - .v Icp {]]-ns
k
- - b- m-W.v Fp ]d-m, Cu {]]- - n\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-
cn-p-X - v Ftm AXmWv Icp. Icp {]]-Imc-Wa - m-W.v ]c-
aamb I - m-cW- w. ]c-aI- m-cW
- a
- m-bn-cn-p-Xv k- - b- m-W.v ]c-aI- m-
c-Wa- m-b k \n Is-p-tm AXns\ B-k
Btm]tZiiXIw 15
Fp ]d-bpw. ]c-aI - m-cW
- a- m-b AXns\ {]m]-n-IX
- b
- psS ASn-
m-\a- m-bdn-bp-tm {_-k Fp ]d-bpw. Atm BZy-
ta-Xs k-bm-b Hcp kXys FSpp-Im-Wn-p-p.
AXns\ Icp Fp hnfn-ncn-p-p. Icp Imcy-smw
ImcW-am-Wv. Imcy- \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]-w-X-s-
bm-Wv.
Icp-hns kz`mhw Adn-hnepw Gdnb Xc-n-ep--Xm-
Wv. AXv AIpw ]pdpw Hcpt]mse km-k-am-\y-ambn
hn-p-p. AXv Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hm-Wv. sF{n-
b-{]m-[m-\y-ap km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw AXoX-am-b
Hcdn-hm-Wv. Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hmWv Icp-hns\ Adn-bp-
tm \appm-Ip--Xv. At\z-j-W-n-eqsS hnI-kn-n-
s-Sp-t Hcp-Xcw Am-\-n-eq-sS-bmWv (intuition)
CXp km[n-Xa - m-Ip-X
- .v Atm Icp C{n-bh
- n-jb
- a
-
- . C{n-
b-hn-jb- a
- m-bn-cn-p-s- Xms km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v
Ip-sIm-p Im-Wp Zrirw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv.
ImXpsImv tIp i_vZw km[m-cW Adn-hmWv. aqp-
sImv aW-p Kw km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v \mp-sImv
cpNn-p cpNn km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. Xzp-sImv kv]in-
-dn-bp kv]iw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. C\n Cu C{n-bm-
\p-`h- -fpsS ASn-m-\ - n Nnn-d - n-bp-Xpw km[m-cW
Adn-hp-Xs - -bm-Wv. km[m-cW AdnhpIsms tZi-Im-
e-]c- n-an-Xa- m-b am\w Dm-bn-cnpw. GsXnepw Hcp tZi-
p-h - pam-{Xta C{n-b- n\p Hc-dn-hns\ kzoI-cn-m Ign-
bp-I-bp-q. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn-s\mcp Ime-]-cn-n-
]vXnbpw Dm-bn-cn-W - w. AXp-sImv C{n-b - fneqsS Adn-
bp Adn-hp-Is - fms ]cn-ta-b
- f- mWv.
Icp-hm-Is A]-cn-ta-ba- m-Wv. Af-m-\m-hm-X
- m-Wv. Af-
m-\m-hm-X - p-sIm-pXs AXv C{n-bZ- zmcm Adn-bm-hp-
-Xp-a-. A]-cn-ta-b-amb Hns\ Nn-Ipw Dsm-
m-\m-hp-Ib
- n-. AXp-sImmWv AXns\ Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb
Btm]tZiiXIw 16
Adn-shp ]d-bp-Xv. Cu Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-b Icp-
hns\ F-s\-bmWv \mw Adn-tb-X - v? Htc- k-ab- w-Xs
Cu Icp Adn-bp-h
- s AI-pw AtX-t]mseXs ]pd-
pamWv nXn-sNp--Xv. kqva-cq-]-n AI-pw
qe-cq-]
- n ]pd-pw nXn sNp-p. kqvac - q-]
- n
{]hn-p-X- mWv a\-v. qe-cq-]- n {]hn-p-
-XmWv ]-`q-XmI-am-b Cu {]]w.
Atm Htc Icp-hn-\p-Xs cp Xc-n {]Xn-`m-
kn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. AXn-emWv Poh Fpw hymtam-
ln-X\m-bn-o-cp--Xv. Hcp Icp qe-ambpw kqva-ambpw
Pohs\ hw Npn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. As\ hcp-tm
\-psS PohnXn\v sXpI ]m\n-S-h-cp-p. GI-amb
Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX, Icp-hns qe-kq-va--fmb Zznap-
J--sf-bmWv \mw Adn-bp--Xv. Icp-hn kw`-hn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p qehpw kqva-hp-am-b, AIhpw ]pd-hp-am-b
cp hi-sf am{X-amWv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h--fn\nv \apv
Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-p-q. AXp-sImv Icp-hns\ Adn-b-
Ww Fv Kpcp Dd-np ]d-bp-p. Icp-hns\ Htc-k-a-bw-
Xs AIpw ]pd-p-an-cn-p k-bm-bn--dn-b-Ww.
AXv Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-Wv. Icp Hcp hnj-b-a-. Icp
hnj-bm-Xo-X-t_m[am-Wv. CXmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-
ns {]ta-b-am-bn hcp--Xv. -km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw
AXo-X-am-b Hc-dn-hns\ a\p-jy At\z-jn-p-hm XpS-
p-tXmsS B hyn kXym-t\z-jn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. B
hyn BPnm-kp-hm-bn-o-cp-p.
A-s\-sbmcp kXym-t\zjn Ip-I Apw D-S - n
imkv{Xw hfsc ka-{K-ambn hnNmcw sNbvXd - n-tb-X
- p-v.
Ip-I Fp ]d-m- C{nb. Z- r-iy- am{Xw
ImWp In-s\-b ChnsS hnh-n-p-X - v. An-{n-b-
-tfbpw IqSn-bmWv Ip-I Fv Kpcp \ma-Ic - Ww sNbvXn-
cn-p-Xv. D-S
- Wsap ]d-bp-hm ImcWw C{n-b-
Btm]tZiiXIw 17
Ftmgpw ]pdw-tem-I-mWv tap-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
AXp-sImv ]pdw-tem-I-p\npw C{n-b-a-\-p-Isf D-
S--Ww. shdptX _ew {]tbm-Knv \nb{npI F-.
BZyw AXn-\p-th-nbmWv Icp-hns nXn-hn-ti-j-s-
p-dnv ]d-p-X--Xv. C{n-b--fn hym]-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-
p Pothms Icp-hn-tep Xncn--Ww. XmXv]-cy-
sf apgp-h B-K-X-{]n-b-am--Ww.
]mm-Xy-X-z-Nn--bn ttmbpw Acn-tm-nepw
kam--c-ambn Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p cp \Zn-I-sf-tm-se-
bm-Wv. Ch Xnep _w Kpcp-hn-tXpw injy-t-Xp-
am-Wv. Fmepw Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ]nWw Chn-S-bn-
ep-v. Ncn-{X-n-eqsS Ch Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn cp hmZ-sf
kp-jvS-am-n. ttm-bpsS Nn-I-fmWv Bi-b-hm-Z-n-
tev (idealism) hgn-am-dn-b-Xv. Acn-tm-n-ens Xz-Nn
ùXn-I-hm-Zs (materialism) Icp-n-Sn-n-p. Cu cp hmZ-
fpw ]c-kv]cw kwL--\-nhsc Gs-n-p-v. Ctm
gpw Gs-Sp-p-v.
]mm-Xy-Nn-b - nse AXn-Im-b - m-scp hnti-jn-n-m-
hp tUm. tPmkWpw _njv s_nenbpw Hcn-
{]`m-Xk - h- m-cn-bn Ip-ap-n. s_nen-bm-Is ISp Bi-
b-hm-Zn-bm-W.v temIw Hcp Bi-ba - m-sW-mWv s_n-en-bpsS
hmZw. tUm. tPmk ùXn-Ih - m-Zn-bpw. ImW-s-Sp temI-
n-\ - p-dv Hcp kXyhpw C F hmZ-amWv ùXn-Ih - m-Zw.
Ah kwkm-cnp h-tm AsXmcp X-ambn ]cn-Wa - n-
p. Xw aq-tm tUm. tPmk hensbmcp Is-
Spv s_n-en-bpsS Imen t\mn Htcdp sImSp-p. Imep
NXv tNmc-sbm-en-m XpS-n. s_nen hmhnp \ne-
hn-fn-p. Atmgpw tIm]w AS-msX tUm. tPmk
tNmZnp: Cu Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-ba - mtWm? s_nen
Ic-p-sIm-p-Xs ]dp: Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-ba - m-
Wv. ]ns \n Fn-\mWv Ic-bp-Xv? tUm. tPm
k tNmZn-p. AXpw Bi-ba - m-W.v s_nen ]d-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 18
C-s\-bmWv idealism hpw materialismhpw Hcn-epw
tNcmsX iWvT-Iq-Sn-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. B[p-\n-I-imkv{X
amb physics ùXn-Ih - m-Z
- ns k--Xn-bm-Wv. Fm Cn-
hnsS Ip-h-cp metaphysics BIs Bi-b-hm-Z-n
\npw P\n--Xm-Wv. Chbvp cn\pw Hn-n-cn-m Ign-
bp HcnSw \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hmWv hfsc hy-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
imkvt{Xm-Nn-X-ambn ]d-p-X-n-p-f-f-Xv. AXn\p klm-b-
I-amb Zmi-\n-I-]n_ew {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns Btm-
]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n \npw Zi--\-am-e-bn\n-p-amWv \S-cm-
P-Kp-cp-hn\p Inn-bX
- v. Kpcp-tZ-hs Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
-
- n
Bib-hm-Zhpw ùXn-I-hm-Zhpw ]nW---fn-m Hcp `qan-
I-bn kwK-an-p-Xv Hmtcm tmI-n-eq-tSbpw IS-p-
t]m-Ip-tm \app ImWm-\m-Ipw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 19
1
Adn-hn-ep-ta-dn-b-dn-n-Sp--h X
pcp-hn-ep-samp ]pd-p-ap-z-enpw
Icp-hn\p Ip-I-f-p-ap--S-n
scp-sXsc hoWp-h-W-n-tbm-Xn-tS-Ww.
Adn-n-Sp-h
- X - Adn-bp-h - s
Dcp-hnepw AIpw
Hp ]pdpw Xp-eyambn ]pdpw
Adn-hnepw Gdn Ipw Nnnpw apw Adn-bm-hp
Adn-hp-I-Xo-Xa- mbn
Dz-enpw Icp-hn\v {]Im-in-p B-k - sb
Adn-bp-Xn\mbn
Ip-I Apw Ap mt\-{n-b - t- fbpw
D-Sn Bm-`n-ap-J-amn
sXcp-sXsc [mc-ap-dn-bm coXn-bn
hoWp-hW- n Kpcp-hn, Icp-hn kan-X\ - mbn
HmXn-tSWw kzm[ymbw sN-Ww.
I cp B-k - b- m-W.v B-k Fm \psS \nXy-

amb D Ft A-ap-q. B-k
s\-bmWv Adn-tb-X
- b
- .v Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX Cu temI-n
- mb Icp-hn-
Ipw tIpw sXmpw \pWpw aWpw Nnnpw Adn-

bm-hp Fmw hy-sat ]d-bm-s\m-q. Fs-m
Icp-hmWv Fm Adn-hp-Ipw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-p-X
- v, Fm
Adn-hp-Ipw {]Im-ia - m-bn-cn-p-X
- v, Fm Adn-hp-Ipw
A-hp-am-bn-cn-p-X - .v ImcWw GI-amWv. Imcy- At\-
I-am-Wv. GsXm-n\n-mtWm temIw PmX-am-bXv B
Hns\bmWv ImcWw F-Xp-sImv hnh-n-p--Xv.
khImc-Wa - m-b Icp-hns\ Adn-m Fmw Adn A\p-
`-ha
- m-bn. AsXmcp ]qm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ima-\-I Hgn
Btm]tZiiXIw 20
]q-X. kzm-kwXr]vXn-bmWv ]qm-\p-`h -
- ns sXfn-
a. Icp Htckabw Adn-bp-h - s AIpw ]pdpw nXn-
sN-p-p. AIv A-c - W- ambpw ]pdv F-a hkvXp-
-fmbpw {]Im-in-p-p. thsdm-c-n ]d-m
kqvaw AIpw qew ]qd-pw.
A-s\-bp Icp-hns\ B\p-`q-Xn-Ia- mbn A\p-`h - n-d- n-bm
BZy-ambn C{n-b - fnse A`n-c-a-\s Dh-en--Ww. A`n-
c-a-\s Icp-hns Zni-bn-tep Xncn-p-hn-SW - w. hnj-bm-`n-ap-
Jambn {]hn-n-cp Adnhv Atm Bm-`n-ap-Jam-bn-
o-cpw. CXmWv D-S - pI F {]{In-b. CXv Hcp {]mhiyw
sNbvXm t]mcm. \nc-c - a
- mbn sN-Ww. Kpcp-hmWv Adn-
hns \ntI-X\ - w. B-km-m-XI v m-c
- n\mbn Kpcp-hn {i-
bp-d- n Hcp a\v At\z-j-I-\n A\n-hm-cy-am-W.v Kpcp-hns
]mZm-n-I - n hoWp-hW - Wsan Al t]mI-Ww.
Ffn-a-bpsS hgw hc-Ww. B-km-bp-Py-n-\p A`n-em-
jhpw thWw.
a\p-jys Al-b - mWv m\-n\p XS-w \np-
-Xv. AXp-sImv Ffna thWw. sXcp-sXsc hoWphW--
Ww. sXcp-sXsc Fp hmv ss\-c-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn F
A-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. a\p-jy Fhn-
sS-bmWv hotg-Xv? Adn-hns apn-em-Wv. ]c-aamb Adn-
hns apn \a-kvIc - n-W
- w. Adn-hns aq-cq-]-amWv
Kpcp. AXp-sImv Kpcp-hns\ hW-W - w. hW-pI Fm
Al \nmn-Xa - mb Ah-b - n hn-pI. AXn-
\p-ti-jw-thWw Cu {Kw a\-\ - n\pw hnNm-c
- n\pambn
F-Sp-phm.
Btm]tZiiXIw 21
2
Ic-W-hp-an-{n-bhpw Itf-_cw sXm
dn-bp-a-t\-I-P-K-p-tamn-semw
]c-sh-fn-X-n-ep-b `m\p-am X
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWp Xnc-p -tX-dn-tS-Ww.
Ic-Whpw - A-c- W - - fpw

C{n-bhpw C{n-b - fpw
Itf-_cw ico-chpw
sXm-dnbpw C{n-b-p hnj-b-am-b
At\-I- P-Kpw \nc-h-[n- \ma-cq-]-fpw
Hmn a\-\h - n-t[-ba- m-p-Ib- m-sW-n
Fmw Fmw
]c-sh-fn-X
- n Db ]c-aamb NnZmIm-i - n
DZn-p-\np
`m\p-amX B-kq-cys
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWv ssNX-\y-cq-]a- mWv.
Xnc-p -tX-dn-tSWw Cmcyw At\zjn-dn-bWw.
{] ]w ]-`q-Xm-I - a
- m-Wv. `qan, shw, Xo, hmbp,
BImiw Fn-h-bmWv ]-`q-X-. {]]n\v
Ka-\-kz-`m-h-ap--Xp-sIm-mWv PK-s t]cp-h--Xv. {]]-
-am-Is - , Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \ma-cq-] - f- m-Wv. \ma-cq-]-
sf mt\{n-b - f
- n-eq-sS-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-X - v. Iv,
aqv, \mv, Xzv, sNhn Fn-hb - mWv mt\-{n-b - .
Iv ImWp-p. In\v hnj-ba - m-bn-cn-p-Xv cq]-am-Wv. cq]w
]-`q-X - f - n-sem-mb An-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. aqp-sImv
aW-p-p. aWw ]rYzn-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. \mhpsImv ckw
Adn-bp-p. ckw Pe-ns KpW-am-Wv. Xzv kv]i-t\-{n-
b-am-Wv. kv]iw hmbp-hns KpW-am-Wv. sNhn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv
tIp-X - v. tIhn BIm-i - ns KpW-am-Wv. ]-`q-X-
Btm]tZiiXIw 22
fpw Cn-b - fpw Xn-ep Cu ]c-kv]c - _
-
- Xbn\n-
mWv {]]m\p-`hw Bhn`-hn-p--Xv. {]ItjW
]o-Ir-X-am-bXv, IqSn-t-XmWv {]]-w. ]o-I-cWw
Fm Ap `qX-fpw tNtc--]Sn tNcp--Xm-Wv. C{n-
b-v X\nsb Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. A-c - W
- - -
fpsS klmbwIqSn Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\-v, Nnw, _pn, Al-
mcw Fn-h-bm-Wv A--c-W-. a\-ns kz`mhw
kwibw D-bn-p-Ib - m-Wv. Fv? FhnsS? Ftm-? Bcv?
Fs\? Fn\v? Fo tNmZy-s - fmw a\-ns krjvSn-
bm-Wv. tNmZy-ns Dcw ]qhm-\p-`h - - n\npw Is-
-Ww. ]qhm-\p-`h-
- f - psS tiJ-ca- mWv Nnw. kvarXn-cq-
]-nepw hnkvarXncq]-n-ep-amWv Nnw {]hn-p--
Xv. Nn-n sXfn kvarXn icntbm sXtm Fp
\n-bn-p-Xv _pn-bm-Wv. _pnsb AXp-sImv \n-
bm-nIm Fp hnfn-p-p. Al-mcw A`n-am-\n-bm-Wv.
_pn \n-bn Hns\ X\nbvp thWtam thtbm
F {]nbm-{]nbcq]-n-ep {]Xn-Ic - W
- a - mWv Al-m-c - n-
t-Xv.
Cs\ Ic-tW-{n-bI - t- f-_c
- m-Zn-If
- m \mw A\p-`h- n-p-t]m-
cp Cu PK-ns clkyw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn ]pXn-sbmcp
hnNm-cc- o-Xnsb Ah-ew-_n-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Aap-
J-amb a\-\a - m-W.v a\\w sNp-tm kzcq]-amb B-kq-
cy Adn-hns AXn-hn-iZ- m-Im-i - n DZn-p-bp-\np
A\p-`-h-km-mXvImcw kw`-hn-p-p. ChnsS ]c-shfn
kns\ Ipdn-p-Xpw `m\p-am Nnn-s\-p-dn-p--Xp-
amb {]Xo-I-i-_vZ--fm-Wv. B Htc-sbmcp B-kq-cys
_lp-hn-[a - mb kv^pc-W-fmWv Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \ma-
cq-]m-I - a
- mb Cu {]]w. tXdpI Fm AXm-bn-o-
cpI Fm-Wv. B-k - bpw Rm\pw At`-Za - m-sW-d - n-bp-
A\p-`h - ]
- qn-a.
Btm]tZiiXIw 23
3
shfn-bn-en-cpp hnh-anp ImWpw
shfn-ap-Xe- mb hn`q-Xn-b
- p-tamm
Pe-\n-[n-X- n-ep-bnSpw Xcw-Km
hen-bX- p-t]msebt`-Za- mbv htc-Ww.
shfn-bn-en-cpv ]pdncn-p-Xp-t]mse
hnhw Cp ImWpw hnh-cq-]-n
ChnsS ImWsSp
shfn-ap-X-emb BImiw apXemb
hn`q-Xn-bpw Ap `qX-tfbpw
Hmm a\-\h- n-t[-ba- m-n-bm
Pe-\n-[n-X-n IS-en
Dbn-Spw Bhn`-hnp
Xcw-Km-hen Xnc-I-fpsS \nc
AXp-t]mse F-Xp-t]mse
At`-Za- mbv htcWw At`-Z-ambn A\p`hamI-Ww.
B Imiw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYn-hn Fn-hb

`q-X-. ]-`q-X-sIm-mWv {]]--n-se
- mWv ]-
Ipw ]ppw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-mw- \nn-

X-am-bn-p--Xv. Fp ]d-m, ChnsS hnti-jc - q-]
- n
hn-p As-n hnhn-[c - q-]- n ImW-sSp Fm-
n\pw BZn-aa - mb Hcp GI-kbpv; Hcp aqe-Im-cWapv.
{]Xy--n t\mp-tm Cu aqe-Im-cW - s \app
ImWm Ign- b p- I - b n- . IS- e n Xnc- I apd- a p- d - b mbn
Dbsm-SppXv ImWp-tm IS-en\npw Xnc-I
thsd-bm-sW-p- {]Xo-Xn-bmWv \-fn Dfhm-Ip--Xv.
Fm Xnc-am-eI - pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-p-Xv IS-em-Wv. IS-
en-s kbnemWv Xnc-am-eI - f - psS At`-ZX Adn-tb-X - v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 24
AXp-t]mse shfn-bn-en-cn-p Fm hnj-b - pw Imc-
W-am-bn-cn-p Hcp ]c-sh-fn-bp-v. B ]c-sh-fn-bn As-
n NnZm-Im-i- n Fm-n-t\bpw t`Z-a - d
- n-bW- w. As\
Adn-bp-tm m\w B\p-`q-Xn-Ia - mbn amdpw.
hnhw F ]Zw kmt-Xn-ImnepXm-Wv.
Ib-dn ]mns tXm hnh-am-Wv. ChnsS ]mv
Hcp bmYmy-a-. {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wv. hnhw {]Xo-Xn-bm-b-
Xp-sImv {]mXn-`m-kn-I-am-Wv. Kpcp-Xs ""cp-kz-cq-]-a-dn-
bm-Xn-cp-fm hnh-kw \n\-n-enXp cp-hn\n-p-
thtdm?'' Fp AssZz-XZo-]n-I-bn tNmZn-p-p-v. {]]-
m-\p-`hhpw hnh-cq-]a - m-Wv. AXv Bm-hn\nv A\y-
a-. Bmhv kXyhpw {]]w {]Xo-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
Fm Kpcp ]d- b p D]- a - b psS ]m- - e - n
hnh-n\v hmK-sa-Sp-p--XmWv D-aw. hnhw
F hmns Aw hnti-tjW hn-bvp--Xv, \ne-
\n-evp--Xv Fm-Wv. Xnc-I IS-en\nv thsd-b-s-
nepw \apv Xnc FXv hyXn-cn--amb Hcp hkvXp-hns
A\p-`h- a
- mWv km-\n-p-X - v. Xnc-bpsS kbpw IS-ens
kbpw Pe-am-Wv. Pe-ns hoWtIm-Wn-eqsS t\mp-
tm ISepw Xncbpw c-. Fm IS Pe-ns
kmam-\y-k-bpw Xnc hntijk-bp-am-Wv. \nc-h[n
hnti-j- tNp-sIm-mWv temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-p--
Xv. m\wsImp am{Xta \m\m-Xz-{àw Df-hm-p hnti-
j-sf \ncm-Ic - n-m-\m-hq. {]]w Bm-hn\np A\y-
a-s--dn-b-Ww. AXmWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 25
4
Adn-hp-a-dn-n-Sp-ahpw ]pamX
dn-hp-sam-cm-Zn-a-l-p-am-{X-am-Ipw
hnc-f-X-hnp hnf-p-a--l-m
adn-hn-e-aXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww.
Adnhpw Adn-bpI F {]{In-bbpw

Adn-nSpw Ahpw Adn-bsSp hnj-bhpw
]pamX Adnhpw Adn-bp--h F t_m-[hpw
Hcp BZn-a-lv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-amb tPymXnv
am{X-amIpw am{X-am-Wv.
hnc-fX hnp ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn-msX
hnf-pw Pzen-p-\np
A-lmw B al-mb
Adn-hn Aav B-k--bn hne-bnv
AXp-am-{X-am-bn-tS-Ww AsXmp-am-{X-am-bn-o-cW
- w.
C {n-b- f- n-eqsS Ipw tIpw aWpw cpNnpw sXmpw

Hs Adn-bmw. Ch {]Xy--m-\--fm-Wv. AtX-
t]mse A-cW -
- n-eqsS Nnnpw A\p-am-\npw Adn-
bmw. Ah ]tcm--m-\--fm-Wv. {]Xy--]-tcm--m-
\--sfmw {]am-W--fm-Wv. Fm Adn-hnepw Adn-bm-\mbn
Hcp hnj-b-ap-v. hnj-b-s- {]tabw FmWv ]d-bp-I.
hnj-bsbm-Wv ChnsS Adn-n-Sp-aw Fp ]d-bp--
Xv. ImWp-I, tIpI, Nnn-pI Fn-hs - bmw Adn-sh
{]{In-bb - psS hnhn-[fmb kwth-Z\-fm-Wv. GXp hnj-
bs Adn- b p- t mgpw Rm Adn- b p- - h F
mXrXzw \-n-sems ImWp-p-v. Cu mXrXzw
A`-hn-n-cn-p-Xv {]am-Xm-hn-em-Wv. Cs\, Adn-bp-
-hAdn-bAdn-b-s-Sp hnjbw Ch aqnt\bpw
tNmWv thZm-n-I {Xn]pSn Fp hnfnp-Xv. {]am-
Btm]tZiiXIw 26
Xm-hv, {]am-Ww, {]tabw Ch aqpw Hcp ]qhnse aqv CX-
fp-I t]mse-bm-Wv. aqn-X-fp-I Hcp ]qhn kaRvP-k-
ambn hn\y-kn-n-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Hcp hnj-b-m-
\-n {]am-Xmhpw {]am-Whpw {]ta-bhpw Hn-n-cn-p-
-Xv. {]am-Xm-hn\v {]ta-b-an-msX Adn-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-. {]ta-
bs Adn-b-W-sa-n GsX-nepw Hcp {]am-Ws B{i-
bnt ]q. ChnsS {]am-Xmhv hyn-K-X-amb Al-m-c-am-
Wv. {]tabw ]-`q-Xm--I-amb {]XytemIhpw A-I-
c-W-hr-n-I-fn-en-cn-p ]tcm--tem-I-hp-am-Wv. Am-
\nbmb Poh\v ico-cX - m-Zmyw Dm-Ip-tmgmWv C-s\-
{Xn]p-So-t`-Zt- m-sS-bp- Adn-hp-m-Ip-X
- v.
Fm mt\mZ-bn Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-m-\-
ns aqp ]ncn-hp-I am{X-amWv {Xn]p-So-t`-Z--sfv
\app t_m[y-am-Ipw. t_m[n-hr- - p-h- nhv {io_p-s
AIta hnf-n-bXv Cu t_m[y-am-Wv. acp-Xzm-a-e-bn ]n-
Sw Kpl-bnhv {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns AI-a-e-cnepw
Cu t_mt[m-Zb - a
- mWv kw`-hn-X- v. BZn-at- PymXn-ns AXn-
cp-If
- n-m \nd-p-Ih - n-b. Cu BZn-al - - m-Is kh{X
\nd-p-hn-e-kp B-k Xs-bm-Wv. khhym-]-I-
XbmWv B-k - b- psS kz`m-hw. AsX-tmgpw {]Im-inp-
sIm-n-cn-pw. al-m-b Cu BZn-a - m-\- n Aenv,
AXp-am-{X-ambnocp-X - mWv ]c-aa - mb B\-w.
Btm]tZiiXIw 27
5
De-I-cp-d-n-bp-Wp Nn sNpw
]e-Xp-an-sXm-s-bp-ap-p- ]mp\npw
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf-p-Zn-bpw ]n
s]men-I-bp-an-nXp Ip t]mbn-tS-Ww.
De-I km[m-cW P\-

Dd-n- DdpIbpw
DWv DW-cp-Ibpw
Nn-sNpw ]eXpw ]e-]e Nn-I-fpw sNpp.
CsXm-sbpw Cu at\m-hym-]mc-sf
Dp-]mp-\npw Dp-t\m-n-sm-n-cn-p
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnfv Aaq-ey-amb B-Zo-]am-Is
DZn-bpw DZn-p-Ibpw
]ns]m-en-Ibpw C ]ns AWbp-Ibpw sNp-n-.
CXpIp t]mbn-tSWw Cu B-Zo-]w IpPohnWw.
km
]e-]e
[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw t\mq. Ddw, DWhv
Fo cp {[ph-n-Sb
- - hym-]m-c
- f
- nemWv AhcpsS PohnXw
- n-eqsS Dub-emSn Ifn-p-Xv. F{X-sb{X
Nn-I-fmWv Ah-pf-f-Xv? F{X-sb{X kz]v\-fmWv
Ahp-Xv? cmhnse Ip Xpd-m hnNm-c--fpsS
then-tbw Ah-cpsS a\-n-tev IS-p-h-cpw. IpSpw-_-{]-
iv\-fpw sXmgncw-Ks {]iv\-fpw Ipn-I-fpsS hnZym-
`ym-k-{]-iv\-fpw hr-cmb A-\--am-sc-p-dn-p BIp-
e-X-Ifpw IS-_m-[y-X-Isf Hmp D-WvT-Ifpw Ch-
bn\n-smw Hcn- tamN-\-ap-m-Ipsa {]Xym-ibpw
Fmw Hcp hyn-bpsS a\-n-eqsS amdn-amdn IS-p-s]m-
bvsIm-n-cn-p-p-v. a\v A-s\-bm-Wv. AXn\p shdp-
sX-bn-cn-m Adn-p-Iq-Sm. Nn-It- fmSv XmZm-y-s-Sp-Xv
Btm]tZiiXIw 28
Pohs Hcp {]am-Z-am-Wv. B {]am-Zs Xncp-p-hm\mWv
Kpcp D]-tZ-i-cq-]-n ChnsS samgn-bp--Xv. \o Nntbm
at\m-hym-]m-c-tfm Hp-a-. \o tIhew kmn-ssN-X-
\y-am-Wv. kmn-ssN-X\yw Hcp hnf-p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. B
hnf-n-s\mcp Ip-v. AXp shdptX ImWp-Itbbpq.
Nn-I-fp-ambn XmZm-y-sp hne-]n-p-I-bn-. Bm-Z - n-
eq-tSbpw bmX-\-bn-eq-tSbpw ISpt]mIp- Poh\v Znim-
t_m[w Dm-n-sm-Sp-p hen-sbm-cd - n-hmWv Kpcp \apv
Xcp--Xv. DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-n-msX {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p
Hcp Iv Fm-hc - p-sSbpw Dns Dn-ep-v. \S-cm-PK - p-cp-
hn\v Cu Iv dialectical eye Bbn-cp-p. inh-` - - mv
CXv inhs aqmw-I - m-Wv. Zmi-\n-I - mv CXv D-
m-W.v ]t, A-s\-sbmcp Iv Fm-n-t\bpw Ip-sIm-
n-cn-p-X - mbn Bcpw Adn-bm-dn-. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp
CXp-I-p-t]m-bn-tSWw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
Aaq-ey-amb Hcp hnf-n-t\m-SmWv Cu Ins\ Kpcp D]-
an-n-cn-p-X - v. B hnfv A\m-Zn-bmb Zo]-am-Wv. A\--
ambn In-sm-n-cn-p-XmWv. GsX-nepw Hcp Imev
Hcm In-p-h - - hnf--n-Xv. In-X - m-sW-n C\w
Xom AXp sIp-t]m-Ip-sa-p-d - m-W.v Fm AXv sIp-
t]m-hp-Ib - n-. sISm-hn-f-m-Wn-Xv. a\p-jys \nc-Ia - mb
Pohn-Xs km-Ia - mn Xom\mWv Kpcp Cu D]-tZiw
Acp-fp--Xv. FmWv Pohn-X-ns Aw F tNmZyw
\n-fn C\n DW-cp-tm B tNmZy-ns Dcw CXm-
Wv: Cu hne-a-XnbmX hnf-ns\ Ip-t]m-bn-tS-Ww. shdp-
sX-bv ImWm-s\m-p-I-bn-. AXp-sImv AXn-tev
{inp t\mp-I-Xs thWw. t\m-W-sa-n t_m[-
]qh-amb {iaw At\z-j-Is `mK-p-\npw Dm-I-Ww.
CXn-s- Aw \o \ns-s Adnv Pohn-Ww
Fm-Wv. \o Xs-bmWv Cu temI-n-s hnf-m-bn-cn-
p-X - v F-dn-bW - w. Cu Adnhv m\m-ar-Xa - m-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 29
6
DW-c-W-an-n-bp-d-Ww `pPn-o
SW-a-i\w ]pW-tc-W-sa-n-h-w
AW-bp-a-t\-I-hn-Iev]-am-I-bmem
cpW-cp-h-Xp-smcp \nhn-Im-c-cq-]w?
DW-cWw DW-cWw
C\n Dd-Ww ]ns Dd--Ww
`pPn-o-S-Ww A-i\w `Ww Ign--Ww
]pW-tcWw C-Wt- N-cWw
Fn-hw C-c-n-ep-
At\Ihn-Iev]w ]e-X-c-n a\-ns\ N-en-n-
p-sIm-n-cn-p XmXv]-cy-
AWbpw \s hen-n-gbvpw.
BI-bm Cm-cW -
- m
Hcp \nhn-Im-c-cq]w am-an-m Bk-Xys
Bcv DW-cp-h-Xp-Xv? Bcpw ]q-ambn DW-dn-bp-
n--tm?
km [m-cW a\p-jys XmXv]-cy- W-{]-`m-N--e-

-fm-Wv. Aev]-t\cw am{Xw \ne-\nv sIp-t]m-Ip-
-h-bm-Wv. Dd--n\npw DWsWo-p Ah
CjvS-ap- t`mPy- Isn hmcnhenp Xnp-p.
A\--amb t`mPy--fp Hcp Xota-i-bpsS apn-emWv
\ Ccn-p--Xv. {]]w Hcp Xotai-bm-Wv. Xo\nepw
IpSn-bn-ep-ap Aan-Xt- `m-K{- ]n-bX
- s
- Imv Pohn-X
- ns Dt-
iy-e-y- \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \mhns cpNn am{X-a
\apv Bk-nsb P\n-n-p--Xv. kh C{n-b-pw
AX-Xns hnj-b-sf `pPn-m\p sImXn-bp-v. Aw
Ignv hbdp \nd-bp-tm Ah\v CWsb hmcn-p-W-cW-
sap tXmpw. Aw Aan-X-ambn Ign-p-tm AXv cP-
Btm]tZiiXIw 30
ns\ Dev]m-Zn-n-p-p. ctPm-KpWw en_n-tUm-bm-Wv,
ctXym-am-Wv. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw hn- kmaq-ln-I-
X-bn _em-w-Khpw kzhK-c-Xnbpw cXn-ssh-Ir-X-fpw
s]cp-Ip-Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. cXn Du--bs hcp-
p--Xm-Wv. cXn-{Io-U-I Ign-bp-tm a\p-jy oWn-
p-p. oWn-X-\mb a\pjy Dd-s Ah-ew-_n-p-
p. DWhv, Aw, cXn, Ddw Cs\ amdnamdnhcp
XmXv]-cy--sf-bmWv hnIev] Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Hcp
Znh-k-s Pohn-X-nXs \psS a\v Htsd {`m-
amb B{Klp ]nmse ]mp-t]m-Ip-Xp ImWm-
dp-v. Fn-\m-Wv a\v hnhn[ hnj-b--fn-tev ]mp-
sIm-n-cnp-Xv?
Bcpw AXn-s\-p-dnv Nnn-m-dn-. Cu Xnc-n-\n-Sb - n
Pohn-X- ns bYm eyw \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \nhn-
Im-ca
- mb kzm-k - sb \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. temI-hn-j-
b--fn-tev DWn-cn-p--Xp-sImv B-kz-cq-]-n-
tev DW-cp-hm Ign-bp-n-. temI-hn-jb -
- f
- n- Dd-p-
Ibpw B-k - b
- n DW-cp-Ibpw thWw. Kpcp-hns Cu
D]-tZiw tIp-tm-sg-nepw \psS Dn B DWhv
Dm-IW - w. BcpwXs Fp-sIm-mWv Cu B-k - sb
Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xv F Hcp- ]-cn-tZ-h\- k
- zcw Cu tmI-
n [z\n-p-p-v. AXp-sImv Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-
hmthn Pohn-Xs \mw hn\n-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXmWv
Kpcp \app Xcp D]-tZ-iw...-..B-tm-]t- Z-iw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 31
7
DW-cc- p-Xnnbpd-n-Sm-Xn-cp-o
SW-ad- n-hm-bn-Xn-\n-t- bm-Ky-s\-m
{]W-ha- p-Wp ]nd-sm-gnp hmgpw
ap\n-P\- t- k-hb- n aqn \nn-tS-Ww.
DW-c-cpXv C\n hnj-b--fn-tev C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

Dd-n-SmsX Ccp-o-SWw B-t_m-[-n\npw hyXn-N-
en-p-t]m-ImsX Ccn--Ww.
Adn-hmbv Rm Adn-hm-sWv Adn-b-Ww.
CXn\v Cv B-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-p--Xn\v
Atbm-Ky Fm tbmKy\sp hcn-I-bmsWn
{]Whw DWv B-t_m[w Dn-ep-Wv
]nd-sm-gnv hmgpw P\-\-a-c-W--fpsS Nm{In-I-X
bn\npw ap-\mbncn-p
ap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn Hcp Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-p--Xnepw
{]km-Zn-n-p--Xnepw
aqn \nn-tSWw apgp-h {i-tbbpw GtIm-]n-
np \ndp-Ww.
A Sp hon Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ]e-lm-c - Nps-Sp-

p aWw aq-n-eS- n-m Adn-bmsX a\p ]dbpw:
Fhn-sS-\n-mWv tZmi-bpsS aWw hcp-Xv? Hcp tZmi
F\npw Inn-bn-cp-s-n \ kzmtZmsS Ign-m-am-bn-cp-
p. Atm hmbn Dan-\o Dudn-qSpw. tZmi-hn-Nmcw
\psS a\-ns kz-K-Xnbvv hnLv\w hcp-n. F{X
s]s-mWv \ {]tem-`\ - - v hiw-hZ- c
- m-Ip-Xv. Nq-
ens sImfp-n an-csb sImcp-nv ao]n-Sn-m-
c ays {]tem-`n-n-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv {]IrXn
\psS apn-tev hnj-b - sf Fdn-np Xcp-Xv. hnj-
b-s- f-b \mw BXy-n-Ia - mbn Adn-tb-Xv; \ss-
Btm]tZiiXIw 32
bm-Wv. AXn-\mWv Kpcp Dun-d- b- p-X
- v: DW-cc
- p-Xn-\n Fv.
CXn-\w Gsd-t\cw InS-p-d - Ww F-. temI-hn-j-
b--fn-tev a\v Bk--am-I-cp-sX-m-Wv. AtX-t]m-se-
Xs thsdmcp sXv kw`-hn-p-Xv, B-n-X\ - mb \mw
Bm- h nemWv Xs nXn F Imcyw ad- p- t ]m-
IpXmWv. Xm Bm-hm-sW Imcyw ad-m AsXmcp
Dd-a- m-Wv. AXp-sImv Dd-msX Adn-hmbn, Bm-hmbn
Ccn--Ww. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw
Adnhpw Bmhpw Hp-Xs - -bm-Wv. Fm-hpw Cs\
B-\njvT Inn-sbp hcn-. hopw hopw Hmtcmtcm
temI-Im-cy-n-tev a\p hgp-Xn-tm-Ipw.
CXv hyn-K-X-amb Hcp Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv. Cu Atbm-
Ky-Xsb Xncn--dn-b-Ww. Fmte t]mwh-gn-bp-q. kzbta
kz-\m-Im ]p-n-s-n Hcp Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n--Ww.
B Kpcp-hm-Is A-cm-m-hn \mZm-\p-`qXn DpsImncn-
p-- alm-mhm-Wv. Kpcp-hns cp eW- ChnsS
FSpp ]d-bp-p-v. {]W-h-ap-W-h Fpw ]nd-sm-
gn--h Fpw. ]nd-sm-gn-bp-Xv m\w-sImv P\n-
arXn-bm-Ip kwkm-c-N-{I-n\nv ]pdp IS-p-tm-
gm-Wv. {]Whw Pohn-Xs A\--ambn \ho-I-cn-p
Xz-am-Wv. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv ]d-bp-Xv ""XXv hnm-
\mw k Kpcp-tah A`n-K-tXv t{im{Xnbw {_-\njvTw.''
t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT-\p-amb Hcp Kpcp-hn-s\-Xs kao-
]n--Ww. t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT\pw HcmX-s. {ipXn
{]W-h-am-Wv. {]W-h-ap-W Kpcp-hn-s\--s Is--
Ww. B Kpcp-hns\ tkhnv apgp-h {ibpw hnizm-khpw
Kpcp-hn Anv Pohn--Ww. Iptd-\m Ign-bp-tm
hyn-bnse Zphm-k-\-I-sfmw bn-pw. kZv-hmk-\-I
]pjvSn{]m]n-pw. shfn--ns kmn-y-n Ccp-n\v
m\-an-tm. Atm B-m-\-n-\p AlX
ssIh-cpw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 33
8
Hfn- ap-Xemw ]g-a-p-app \mdpw
\fn-I-bn-tedn \tb\ amdn-bmSpw
Infn-I-sf-b-p-a-cnp Iogva-dnpw
shfn-hp-cp-th-n-bIw hnf-n-tS-Ww.
Hfn apXemw Ins hnj-ba- mb cq]w XpS-nb

]gw Apw hnj-b--fm-Ip Ap ]g-fpw
Dv `pPnv As-n A\p-`-hnv
\mdpw \fn-I-bn Gdn \mdp ico-c-n hknv
\tb\ amdn-bmSpw CjvSm-\p-kmcw hnj-bfn
amdnamdn can-p
Infn-Isf Apw mt\{n-b--fmIp Ap
Infn-It- fbpw
Acnp Iogva-dnpw AmsS hcp-Xn-bn hcp-p
shfn-hpcp Gn hnthIkz-cq]s {]m]nv
AIw A-cm-mhn
hnf-n-tSWw DWp hn--Ww.
C sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh t`mKy-hn-izs A\p-`-hn-p-

sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Av C-{n-b--fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hfn
Fm shfn-a - m-Wv. shfn-a - p-X- p-sIm-mWv \mw cq]hpw
\ndhpw ImWp--Xv. cq]w ]-hn-j-b--fn BZy-t-Xm-
Wv. i_vZw- , kv]iw, c - q-]w, c
- k- w, K-
- w Fn-hb- mWv ]-
hn-j-b-. Ch Fm-n-t\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p {]tbm-
K-amWv Hfn apX-emw ]gw. Av C{n-b--sf-bmWv Ap
Infn-If
- mbn D]-an-n-cn-p-X - v. Infn-I t`mK-{]n-bc- m-Wv. ]gw
Bkzm-Zy-a-[p-cn-asb [z\n-n-p-p. hr-ns Nn-I-
fn\npw Nn-I-fn-tev NmmSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g-w sImn-
t\mn cknp Infn-I-sf-tm-se-bmWv \psS C{n-b-
{]hn-p--Xv. ico-cs Hcp \mdp \fn-I-tbm-
Btm]tZiiXIw 34
SmWv D]-an-n-cn-p-X - v. \fn-Ib
- psS Aw Dp s]m-
bmb Ipg Fm-Wv. \psS icochpw Dp-s]m-b - mb
Hcp Ipg t]mse-bmWv. B ico-c - n-em-Is ZpKw han-
p hkvXp- Ipan-p IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. ico-c-nep
Xp-t]m-se-Xs a\pw Hcp amen-\y-q-m-ca - m-Wv. AXv
t`mK-em-ek
- t-- bmsS temIs `pPn-X - ns ê-am-bn-m-Wv.
\psS icocw D]t`mKm-\ - cw hcp aen-\y-sf Iqn-bn-
Sp Xmhf-am-Im ]mSn-. amen-\y-- Atm \ow
sN-Ww. ico-c-nse amen-\y- \ow sNm \mw
{ian-p-X- p-t]mse {]m[m-\y-ap-X - mWv at\m-am-en-\y-f - psS
\nm-\h - pw. am\-k{- ]-m-f\ -
- n\v Ghpw AXym-h-
iy-amb HmWv hnth-Iw.
shfn-hpcp GpI FXv hnth-Is kamn-pI
F A-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv. amen-\y-
-fmWv \fn-Isb \m-ap--Xm-p--Xv. Imahpw t{Im[hpw
Akq-bbpw Al-m-chpw [mjvSyhpw Fmw amen-\y--
fm-Wv. Rm ico-c-am-sW-p-ff sXp[mc-W-bn\nmWv,
C{n-b- fm-Ip Infn-I t`mKy-hn-iz-n\p ]nmse ]mdn-
]-d-p--Xv. Hcp th-m-c H shSnbvv Infn-Isf Xmsg-
hogvp-Xp-t]mse, \fpw hnth-I-am-Ip kzcq-]-tan
C{n- b - fpsS Bnsb Acnp Iogv a - d n- - W w.
Acnp Iogva-dn-pI F ]Z-{]-tbm-K-n I-iamb
Dd Xocp-am-\-ap-m-I-W-sa-mWv Kpcp \njvjn-p--
Xv. km[-Is Ag-Ip-g- kao-]\w kao-No-\-a. Fm
te ]q-amb B-km-m-XvImcw km[n-p-I-bp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 35
9
Ccp-]p-dhpw hcp-am-dh
-
- s- b-q
smcp sImSnhp ]Sp-bptahpw
Xcp-hn-\S- np X]psNbvXp hmgpw
\c\p hcm \cIw \n\-n-tS-Ww.
Ccp-]p-dhpw cp ]pdhpw
hcp-amdv Ahsb s]mXnp\np hn[n
]q Hcp sImSn ]pjv]np \np Hcp
Imp-hn IWs
hp ]Sv Dbv hfv tatev ]-env
tahpw nXn sNp
Xcp-hn-\-Snv ac-ns Nph-n
X]p sNbvXp hmgpw X]v A\p-jvTnp Ign-bp
\c\v a\p-jy\v
hcm \cIw \cIw Dm-hp-I-bn- Fp
\n\-n-tSWw t_m[y-spsIm-Ww.
C sXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). C-s\-bp-

tmI-v Hcp _mlymhpw thsdmcp A-
cmhpw ImWpw.- H t\m-n Hcp ac-n Nph-n
X]p sNp Hcp kym-kn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv \psS
at\m-ap-Ip-c-n Apcn-p-I. X]p sNbvXp hmgpw \c
F {]tbmKw Aap-Ja - mbn Bm-hn-ea - c
- p Hcp tbmKn-
bpsS \ne-sb-bmWv Hmn-n-p--Xv. cp hn-I hv
acs s]mXn-n-cn-p-p. hn-I ac-n\npw A\y-
a-. ac-nsXs `mK-am-Wv. Cu acw km[m-cW ac-a-.
CXp ambm-a-c-am-Wv. amb-bpsS cp in-I-fmWv Bh-c-
Whpw hnt-]-hpw. B cp in-I, cp hn-I-sf-
tmse Bm-hns kzcq-]s ad-p-I-f-bpw. Bh-cWw
hyn-bnse kpjp-]vXy-h-bpw hnt]w Pm{K-Z-h--
Btm]tZiiXIw 36
bp-am-Wv. Dd--n\pw DWhn\pw CS-bn Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-
]Sp ]-en-p-tm ambm-eX - - Xop hn{`m-a-
I-amb {]]w \psS apn A\m-cWw sN-s-Sp-p.
Fm [ym\-ns Dsh-fn-hn ambm-h-n-Ip
]nnse B-kz-cq-]s AII-p-sImp ImWp Xm]-
kt{i-jvT\v PohnXw Hcn-epw ZpxJ-`q-bn-jvT-am-bn-cn-p-I-
bn-. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv, [ym\-\n-c-X-\mb
\c\v Hcn-epw \cIw hcn-I-bn-s-v. \cIw Fm ZpxJ-
ns Xo{hX Ft A-ap-p. \cIXp-ey-amb Pohn-
X-n\nv Ic-I-b-dpXn\v X]v AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-
Wv. X]v F hmn\v C{n-b-a-t\m-kw-b-a\w F
Aw FSp-m aXn. Pohn-X-n\v Ah-t_m-[-X-e-n-
ep Hcp ISn-m- Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ima-ns Iq-c-
mb a\-ns\ Ib-dqcn hnSp Pohn-X-n-t\m-SmWv km[m-
c-W-m-c\v {]nbw. Fm Hcp kZv-Kp-cp-hns kao-]-n-
cpv tam-im-kv{Xw tIm-\nShcp-tm Nn-ipn
hcn-Ibpw X]v Hcp-hs PohnXs Xmt\ Bt-jn-p-
Ibpw sNpp. \nb-{-W- ASn-t-ev]n-t--h-b-.
kzta-[bm hcn-t--Xm-Wv. Xm]- X]-n A`n-c-an-
p- - h - \ m- W v . tin- p- - h - \ - . kz- - W n- m- c
kzs NqSmn AXn\npw amen-\y-sf ths-
Sp-p-X - p-t]mse Xs-bmWv Xm]- at\m-am-en-\y-sf
B-Xm]wsImv Dcp-n-b-I-p--Xv. ChnsS X]v Hcp
cmk-Xz-c-I-amWv. B-m-\-n-tev hynsb AXn-
thKw ASp-n-p cmk-Xz-c-Iw. CXneqsS m\m-\p-k-
m-\-th-f-bn X]-ns A\n-hm-cy-Xsb Kpcp Dun--d-
bp-bmWv sNp--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 37
10
""Ccp-fn-en-cn--h-\mcv? sNmI \o''sb
smcp-h\ - p-c- X
- p-tIp Xm\p-tahw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-b-h-t\mSp \obp-am-sc
cp-fp-an-Xn {]Xn-hm-Iy-ta-I-am-Ipw.
Ccp-fn - Ccp-n
Ccn--h Bcv? Ccn-p \o BcmWv?
sNmI \o \o shfn-s-Spq
Fv Hcp-h Fv Hcp-h
Dc-Xv tIv tNmZn-p-Xv tInv
Xm\pw Ghw A{]Imcw Ccp-fnen-cn-p--h\pw
Adn-h-Xn-\mbn BcmWv F--dn-bm-\mbn
Ah-t\mSv tNmZyw tNmZn--h-t\mSv
\obpw Bcv \obpw BcmWv?
Fv Acpfpw Fv Xncnpw tNmZn-pw.
CXn {]Xn-hmIyw Ch-cpsS cp-t]-cp-tSbpw
tNmZy-p- Dcw
GI-amIpw HpX-s-bm-bn-cnpw.
B m-hns A\n-tj-[y-amb Dsb X-an-m coXn-

bn Ah-Xc - n-n-p Hcp ]co-W
Kpcp \app ImWn-p-Xc - p-X
- a- mWv {io\mcm-bW-
- .v \ Ccp-p- apdn-bn-tev Hcm
ISp hcp-p. B apdn-bn Hcm Ccn-p-p-.v IS-p-hc - p
Bv apdn-bn Btcm Ds tXm Df-hm-bt- m tNmZn-
p-Ib- m-W:v ""BcmWv Ccp-v Ccn-p-Xv?'' Atm Ccp-v
Ccn-p B D-cw ]dbpp: ""Rm.'' Ccp- - n-cn-p
B IS-p-hc - p Bfn-t\mSp Hcp adp-tNmZyw tNmZn-p: ""\o
BcmWv?'' Atm Abm ]d-p: "- "Rm.'' cp-t]-cp-tSbpw
Dcw "- "Rm'' FpXs. Cu cp hyn-If - nepw Ccn-p
"- "Rm'' F kv hyXym-ka - ptm? Ah-[m-\] - qhw
Btm]tZiiXIw 38
Xncp a\-n-em-p-Ib - m-sW-n Htc-sbmcp kXs-bmWv
F-m-hc
- nepw "- "Rm'' F t_m[s Df-hm-p--sXv
ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.
ca-Wa- l
- jn-tbmSv Hcm tNmZn-p: Rm Bcm? aljn
]dp: ""qe-i-co-c-a Rm, ]-hn-j-b--f Rm.
]mt\n-b--f Rm. ]-It-{n-b--f
Rm. ]-{]m-W--f Rm, a\pw Rm\-. Am-
\hpw Rm\-.''
""Ch-sbmpw Rm As-n ]ns Rm Bcm?''
''HSp-hn Xp-hm Xc-an-msX X\nsb tijn-p
"Adnhv' BIpp Rm.''
hfsc \mS-Io-ba - mbmWv Kpcphpw Cu kw`m-jW - i- I- ew
Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccpfnen-cn-p hynbpw ISp
hcp hynbpw ]c-kv]cw ImWp-n-. Ccp-ns ]m-
-es Kpcp ChnsS sImp-h - Xv Ip-sIm-p Adn-
hns\ \ntj-[n-m-\m-Wv. Fm cp-t]cpw Ah-c-h-sc-
p-dnv shfn-s-Sp-p Adnhv kzw t]tcm ap A\p-_-
-amb hnh-c - tfm A. ""Rm'' F i_vZa - m-W.v BcmWv
Cu Rm? \apv qem-\p-`h -
- f- psS klm-ba - n-m-sX-Xs
t_m[y-ap Imcy-amWv ""Rm'' Ds hkvXp-X. cp
hyn-I \S-p Cu tNmtZym-c -
- f- n\nv A]cn-
NnX-a
- m kml-Nc - yn-emWv Cu kw`m-jWw \S-p-Xv
Fv sXfn-bp-p. Ah-cpsS Dcw ""Rm'' F H-hm-n-
tev Npcp-n-bXv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. ico-c - n-tbpw a\-n-
tbpw D]m-[n-k--n\npw hyXn-cn--amb Cu
""Rm'' Ghpw kzbta Adn-bm-hp k-bm-Wv. AXv
A\p-`h-
- n BZy-t-Xm-Wv. Rm Dv F A\p-`h - -
n\p tij-amWv \apv ap _mlyhpw A`y--c-hp-amb
A\p-`h- Dm-hp-Xv. Rm Dv Fp ]d-bp--Xp-
Xs Hcp Bh-\a - m-Wv. D-Xs - -bmWv bYm-n
Rm. ASp ]Zy-n Rm Bsc tNmZy-n\v IqSp-
X hni-Zo-Ic - Ww Kpcp \Ip-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 39
11
Al-a-l-sa--cp-fp--sXm-s-bm-cm
bpIn-e-Ita ]e-X--tX-I-amIpw
AI-ep-a-l--b-t\-I-am-I-bm-eo
XpI-bn-elws]mcpfpw XpSn-Sp-p.
Alw Alw Fv Rm Rm Fv
Acp-fp--sXms \mw ]d-bp-Xv Fmw
Bcm-bp-In Xncp a\-n-em-p-Ib- m-sW-n
AIta ]e-X Dkmc-n shth-sd-b-,
GI-amIpw Hp-Xs- -bmWv.
AIepw Fnse Rm thsd, Ah-\nse
Rm thsd F Xc-n-ep-
Al Rm F `mhw
At\Iw BI-bm At\-I-amsW-nepw
Cu XpI-bn Rm, Rm F `mh--fp-sS-
Fmw kmcw Hm-sW Xc-n
Alws]mcpfpw ]c-am-n- s]mcpfmb Rm
XpSn-Spp B[m-c-k-Xy-ambn \ne-sIm-p-p.
F m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch - sc kw_-n-p Imcy-

]d-bp-tm Rm FmWv ]d-bm-dv. F{X Bfp-I
Dm-bmepw Ah-sc-m-hcpw Rm FmWv Ahch-sc-
p-dnp ]d-bp-X- v. Ign tmI-n \S-nb ]co--
W-ns ASn-m-\-n Fm-h-cn-ep-an-cn-p Rm
Hp-X-s-bmWv Fv ]co-nv Adn-p-I-gn-p. {ih-
Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\ - w Ch aqpw tNp- Hc-t\z-j-
W-n-eqsS am{Xta Rm F B-kXyw Fm-hc - nepw
Hm-sWv B\p-`q-Xn-Ia - mbn Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib
- p-q. {ihn-
t-Xv Kpcp-hn-s\-bm-Wv. A\p-`h - - \
- mb Kpcp-hn\npw
Btm]tZiiXIw 40
t\cnp tI-W
- w. AXp {ih-Ww. tI-Xns\ Bg-n
]cn-Nn-\w sN-Ww. AXp a\-\w. a\\w Bmhn
Ddbvp-tm AXp \nZn-[ym-k-\w. \nZn-[ym-k\w ]mI-am-
Ip-tm kam-[n-nXn ssIh-cp-p. \nhn-I-ev]-k-am-[n-
bn Bm-hns Nn{Zq-]X sXfn-a-tbmsS {]Im-in-p-p.
a\p-jy\p Is-m-hp ]c-a-amb B\--ns el-cn-
bm-W-Xv.
\n-semw cp Xc-n Alw-t_m[w {]hn-p-
p-v. Hv hym-P\pw atXv Ak-ep-am-Wv. Ak Alw
ip-am-Wv. Id-]p-cf- m-X- m-Wv. Kpcp Alw-s]m-cp Fv ]d-
bp-Xv ip-amb Al-s-bm-Wv. ip-amb Alw GIhpw
AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. AXv Aap-J-ambn Adn-tb--Xm-Wv.
Alw-s]m-cp-fns\ kmm-XvIc - n-p-h
- inip-s
- f-tmse
\njvf -
- c
- mbn amdp-p. Im]Syw Ah-cn ImWp-Ib - n-. Ah-
cpsS apgp-h k-bnepw B ss\aeyw {]Im-in-pw.
AI-evsb tXmn-n-p Alw-t_m-[s - -bmWv AI-
ep-w A-l Fp ]d-bp-Xv. Am-\w-sIm-mWv AIev
tXmp-Xv. Am-\n\v -h-i-sn-cn-p--h "Rm'
Fp ]d-bp-tm ico-c - n-t\m-Sp- XmZm-ys Dun-
bp-d- n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-X - .v Al-m-ch -- n-aq-Vmmhmb hymP-
amb Alw "Im Alw CXn a\ytX,' Rm Im-hm-
sWv kzbw hnNm-cn-p-p. Rm Im-h F-dn-bp-
Xv m\w. m\w hymPs ad-amn Ak-ens\ ImWnp
Xcp-p. Ak-ens\ Rms\v Adn-bp-Xv B-km-m-X v m-
cw. Atm Fm Rm\p-If - nepw kmchpw GIhp-amb
Alw-s]m-cp am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q Fv Ghpw A\p-
`-hn-d- n-bm Ign-bpw. Al-m-cn\npw \npw Alw-
s]m-cp-fns\ thn-cn-d - n-bp-Xv hfsc Zpjvc - a
- mb km[-
\-bm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 41
12
sXmen-bp-sa-ep-p-aew Zpc--a-x
Ie-I-fp-ta-p-a-l--sbm-p ImI!
s]men-bp-an-X\y s]menp]q-amIpw
hen-sbm-c-l hcm hcw Xtc-Ww.
sXmenbpw Nhpw
Fepv Fp-Ifpw
aew amen-\y-fpw
Zpcw AxI-e-Ifpw ZpxJ-tlXp-I-amb hm-k-\-Ifpw
Gpw Al hln-p Al-sb
Hp ImI DWthmsS t\mpI.
s]menbpw \in-p-t]m-Ip
CXv A\y CXv Ahn-Zy-bmb A\y-bmWv.
s]menp ]q-amIpw AhnZy \inv ]qX
ssIh-cn-pw.
hen-sbm-c-l Xm h-\m-sW Al
hcm- hcw XtcWw hcm-Xn-cn-m-\p- hcw Xtc-Ww.
i co-cs apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-m-Wv s]mXn-n-cn-p-

Xv. sXmen-bpsS ASn-bn amwk-ap-v. icocw amwk-
_w am{X-a - . AXns\ Xmn-\ndpp Hcp FnIq-Sp-
apv. ico-c-ns ]pdw-`mKw F{X hrn-bm-n-h-mepw
Dn Nop-\m-dp hkvXp-f - mWv InS-p-X
- v. \mw Ign-
p `-Whpw shhpw Fmw aqp aWn-q Ign-bp-
tm AgpIn-\m-dm XpS-pw. AXpam{Xa, a\-ns
Dn Hfn-n-cn-p hmk-\I - AXnepw Agp-In-bX - m-
Wv. Akq-b, Cujy, tIm]w, aZw, am-cyw, Zw`w Chsbmw
Pohn-Xs hrn-lo-\-am-p- Zqjyhmk-\-Ifm-Wv. ]c-
kv]cw sIp-]n-Wp InS-p Chsb t_m[-ns sXfn-
a-bn Hp t\mn-m-WW - w. Xe-bn tSmNv ssev ]nSn-
Btm]tZiiXIw 42
nv Ccp-ns\ Xnc-bp--Xp-t]m-se, t\mp-n-S-sms
{]Imiw {]kcnv Ccpv A{]-Xy--am-Ip-p. Rm ico-c-
am-sW Al s]men-p-t]mbn Rm ]qWw F
Alw-s]m-cp sXfnp hcp-p. s]men-bpI F-Xn\v
{]Im-inpI Fpw \in-pI Fpw Aw Iev]n-mw.
\in- p- Xv Al- - b m- W v. sXmen- p- d v am{Xw
HXpn\nevp hyn-t_m-[a - m-Wv. {]Im-in-p-Xv B-
kz-cq-]-am-Wv.
B-kz-cq]w kz-kp-c - a- m-W.v AhnsS kuc`yw am{Xta
Dq. AXn-cp-If - n-m hnim-eX - b
- mWv Bm-hns Xew.
Bm-\p-`hw Dm-Ip-X - n\v Al s]men-p-t]m-IW - w.
]q-am-b Bm-\p-`hw DmIp-X - p-hsc hmk-\I - Fcn-
-St- -X - p-v. AXn-\n-Sb- n Nne BfpI-fn hen-sbm-
c-l hv Ah-cpsS \- Po-hn-Xs Xmdp-am-dm-m-dp-v.
Rm m\n-bm-Wv, Rm Cuiz-c\ -- mWv, Rm alm-\mWv
Fsms kzbw hp ]d-bp-tm Abm hensbmcp
Albp Bfm-Wv. henb Al--bmWv tkzm-[n-]-Xn-
Isf krjvSn-p-Xv. Ah A[o-ik - z-`m-ha - p-h
- c- mbnocp-
p. ImcpWyw Ch-cn hn hc-n-cn-pw. ap--h-cpsS
{ibpw BZ-chpw Ch B{K-ln-p-p. ]pcm-W--fn
lnc-Wy-I-in-]phn-tbpw `kvam-kp-c-tbpw IY-I hen-
sbm-c-l--bpsS Zpc-sbmWv ZrjvSm-o-I-cn-p--Xv.
hen-sbm-c-l-bpw s]men-p-t]m-IWw. AXp s]sp
s]men-bp-Ib- n-. AXn\p Cuiz-cm-\p-{Klhpw Kpcp-Im-cp-Wyhpw
thWw. AXp-sImv {]m-\m-cq-]-n hen-sbm-c-l
hcmXncn-m hcw XtcWw Fp An--W w. hcw
F-Xp-sImv A-am-p-Xv \psS I-i - n-sImv
t\Sn-sb-Sp-m-hp--X CXv Fm-Wv. Cuiz-c-{]-km-Z-m
am{Xw e`y-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv. {]m-\m-\zn-X-amb a\v
CXn\v A\n-hmcy-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 43
13
{XnKp-W-abw Xncp-\o-d-Wn-sm-co-i
I-a-ecnp hWnbamdn
kI-e-a-gnp XWnp tIh-e-n
aln-a-bp-ap al-n-em-Wn-tS-Ww.
{XnKp-W-abw kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

aqp KpW-sf Nps-Sp
Xncp-\o AWn Znhy`kvaw ]qin-b
Hcp Cui\v Htc-sbmcp Cuizc\v
AI-a-e-cnv kev]--fm-Ip ]q
Anv
hWn BmW-`m-ht- m-sS
Aw Bdn C{n-b-p hnj-b-fnep
sImXn Bdn--Wpv
kIew Agnv Fm euIn-I-_--\-fn
\npw ap-\mbn
XWnv imNn--\mbn
tIh-e-n tIh-e-am-b-Xns
aln-a-bp-av Ap-Xm-Z-c-fpw Cm-Xmbn
al-n B-tPym-Xn-n
BWn-tSWw Bp-t]mbn AXm-bn-ocWw.
{] IrXn {XnKp-Wm-n-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

aqp KpW--fmWv a\p-jys\ I--fpsS GSm-Iq-S-
n-tev hen-n-g-p--Xv. {XnKp-W- I--fn Imaw
Ien Pohs\ _-\--\m-p-p. Cu aqp KpW--
fpsS \ocmfn-n-Sn-n\npw ap-\m-IW - s
- a-n Cuiz-
c-\n ]q-ambpw icWw Kann-cn--Ww. Cuiz-c-\m-Is,
Cu aqp KpW--tfbpw Dw-Lnp \np GI-amb
s]mcpfm-Wv. Cuiz-c KpWm-Xo-X-\m-Wv. {]IrXn {XnKp-Wm-
Btm]tZiiXIw 44
n-I-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bmWv Pohs I-t-{Xw. {XnKp-W-
sf m\m-n-sIm-mWv Npp-Nm-e - m-p-X
- v. Xncp-\o
`kva-am-Wv. `kvaw AWn-bp-Xv hnc-n-bpsS e-W-am-
Wv. AsXmcp {]XoIwIqSn-bm-Wv. `kvaw ]qin NpS-e--f-
n \rw sNp XmWvU-h-\-S-cm-P hnc--`m-h-
ns {]Xo-Im--I-amb Nn{X-W-am-Wv. ]pcm-Winhs\
]tcm--ambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\n-n-p-p-q. Cui
{]]--{k-jvSm-hmb kth-iz-cX-s-bm-Wv.
\-psS kev]-kq-\--fmWv Cui\v A-\-bmbn
\Ip--Xv. at\m-X-e-n-emWv Cu ]qP \S-p--Xv. A-
W-tmSp-Iq-Sn-thWw kev]--tfbpw I--tfbpw
Cui\p kan-t--Xv. AXn-eqsS C{n-b--fn -]-n-
\np Ima-\-Isf Cm-Xm-m Ign-bpw. Ima-\-I-fmWv
temI-n \s _n-n--p--Xv. Ima-\-I- Xm]kz`m-
hn-I-fm-Wv. Xm]w NqSm-Wv. Xm]-amWv a\pjys\ p_v[-
\m-p--Xv. C{n-b--fpsS NqSm-dn-bm C{n-b--fn
kam[n ssIh-cpw. ka-\ne ssIh-cpw.
Cuiz-ckaWw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-Ip-tm kIe
_-\-fpw Agn-p-am-dpw. A-c-W-n ]ncn-ap-dp-
- krjvSnncp NqsSmw XWp-p-dv imn-Zm-
b-I-amb Hc-\p-`-hs Dn-ep-Wpw. AXv Cuiz-cm-\p-`-
h-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw Dm-Ip-tm \mw _mly-tem-
Is ad-p-p. \mw Hcp B-cy-]c - X
- b
- n aXn-ad
- v {`m-
s\- t mse Pohn- s p hcmw. tIh- e - n aln- a -
bn\npw aptmp t]mI-Ww. aX- ssZh-ns tIh-
e-a-ln-asb hmgvp Zzzm-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-
cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ahn-sSbpw \mw At\z-j-Ws \ndp-p-
hm ]mSn-. hopw hopw ]q-amb \ne ssIh-cn-p-
-Xp-hsc Bg--fn-tep s]mbvsIm-n-cn--Ww. cs-
p- `mhw Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-h-sc BZn-a-l-n BgWw.
B-km-m-Xvmcw AXp-sImv aXm-Xo-X-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 45
14
{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISp Xnn-hnpw
{Xn]pSn apSnp sXfn-n-Sp Zo]w
I]-S-b-Xnp Ic--am-Ip-ho-se
p]-\n-j-Zpn cl-ky-tamn-tS-Ww.
{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISv Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

Fo aqptemI-papdv
Xnnhnpw \ndp-{]-Im-in-p--Xmb
{Xn]pSn apSnp {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \mi-n-eqsS am{Xw
sXfn-n-Sp Zo]w kmm-XvI-cn-m-hp B-Zo]w
I]-Sb
- X- nv - I-k - ym-knv
Ic--am-Ip-hoe A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I-bn-
F F Xc-n-ep-
D]-\n-j-Zp-n-c-lkyw D]-\n-j-n ]d-n-cn-p
cl-ky-amb Zi\w
Hmn-tSWw Ftmgpw HmWw.
\ psS A\p-`-h-v aqv AXnn-I Iev]n-mw.

Hv DWn-cn-p-tm A\p-`-hn-p temI-am-Wv.
Cu Ah-sb Pm{K-Z-h FmWv ]d-bpI. Cu Ah-
- b n C{n- b - fpw {]]- hpw Xn _- s v
{]hn-p-p. cm-as Ah kz]v\-am-Wv. kz]v\w
ImWp ka-bv C{n-b - {]h-\\- n-cX
- a
-
- . Fm
\ Dd-h- p-a
- . kz]v\w ImWp BfpsS Dnse ]qhkva-
c-W-I-fmWv kz]v\--fmbn A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
aqm-as Ah-sb kpjp]vXn FmWv ]d-bpI. AXm-
bXv \ Dd-w. Dd--n Hpw-Xs Adn-bp-I-bn-.
Fm Dd--n\npw DWm kpJ-ambn Ddn
F tXm Dm-Ipw. DW-Xn\p tijta A-s\-
bp- Adn-hp-m-hpIbp-q.
Btm]tZiiXIw 46
Dd-p ka-bv Rm kpJ-ambn Dd-pp Fv
Bcpw Adn-bp-n-. C{Xbpw A\p-`-h- \ap-smw ]cn-
Nn-X-am-Wv. Fm Hcp m\n-bpsS t_m[w Cu aqp
temI-pw Ap-d-p- Hc-\p-`-h-n-em-Wv {]Xn-jvTn-
X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. B t_m[s "Xpco-bt_m[w' FmWv
D]-\n-j-pI ]d-bpXv. {Xn]pSn apSnv sXfn-n-Sp
Zo]w Fv {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp hnfn-p-p. t_m[-ns
mXr--m-\--tb hn`-P-\--fmWv {Xn]p-Sn-I-fmbn
Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \miw t_mt[m-Z-b-am-Wv.
t_m[w sXfn-bp-tm \mwXs Hcp kzbw{]-Im-i-tPym-
Xnm-bn-o-cp-p.
kymkw ]epw Hcp thjw-sI--em-Wv. kym-k-
hrn XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-ns amXr-I-bm-b-Xp-
sImv P\--fpsS BZcw kym-kn-Iv e`n-p-Xv
kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. -\psS ]qhn-I-cmb ky-mk-t{i-jvT-m-
cpsS PohnXamWv `mc-Xo-bk - w-kvm-c
- n-\v amlmyw t\Sn-
--Xv. AXp-sImv kzoIm-cyXbpw BZ-chpw Inp Hcp
taJ-e-bn-tev Bfp-I Xmev]cyw {]ISn-n-p-Xv temI-
k-l-P-am-Wv. Fm Imepw Ccw Bjm-V-`q-Xn-I
Dm-bn-cp-p. -i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Imev I]-S-k-y-kn-am
kar--am-bn-cpp F-Xns sXfn-hmWv `P-tKm-hnw F
IrXn-bn ""DZ-c-\n-anw _lp-Ir-X-thjw'' Fv Cq-sc
Ifn-bm-n-b-Xv. thjw sIn \S-m-sempw Xpco-bm-\p-`hw
Dm-hp-I-bn-. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-n\v Xt]m-\n-c-X-amb At\z-
jWhpw X]pw thWw. hb-p-]n-g-n-\mbn thjw sIn
\S- p kym- k n- a msc AXp- s Imv I]- S - b - X n- I
FmWv ]d-bp-X - v. D]-\n-j
- ns ]m-e - s
- Hmn-
p-sIm-mWv Kpcp Cmcyw nco-Icn-p--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 47
15
]c-bpsS ]mep\pI `mKy-hm-m
smcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-sm-cev]-t\cw
Adn-h-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn--[o-\-am-bm
ec-s\m-Sn-bm-bn-c-am-p-t]mse tXmpw.
]c-bpsS ]mev ]c-am--m-\-n\npw

Dudn-hcp B\-m-\p-`hw
\pI `mKy-hm-mv A\p`hnp A\p-Kr-lo-Xv
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-amv Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjwt]mepw
Hcev]-t\cw kzev]t\c-ambn A\p-`-h-sSpw.
Adnhv t_m[w
A]-c-{]-Ir-Xnv Bm-hn\n\y-amb {]Ir-Xnv
A[o-\a- m-bm hi-s-p-t]m-bm
Ac-s\mSn Ac-\n-anjw
Bbn-c-am-p-t]mse Hcm-bncw hjt]mse
tXmpw A\p-`-h-s-Spw.
Im ew Ne-\a - m-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c - ntbpw

a\-n-tbpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-n\v hi-s-n-cn-
p- Xv Am- \ m- h - - b n- e m- W v . Ne- \ - n Poh\v
_\w A\p-`h - s - -Sp-p. _\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. m\amWv
Pohs\ \n-e-amb Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn-p-Xv. Bmhv
kzcq-]a- mWv. kzcq]w \n-eam-Wv, nc-am-Wv. \n-eXbn
hn-p-Xv B\-a - m-Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-aamb A\p-
`q-Xn-bn Aan-cn-p m\n-Iv Ime-t_m[w Hcp
]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s-Sm-dn-. Bm-\p-`qXn B\--ns
\nd-p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev.
AXv Aar-Xm-Wv. arXyp-hn\npw Pohs\ XcWw sNn-
p ckm-b-\w. Fm-hpw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-
Btm]tZiiXIw 48
a-. `mKy-hm-mt AX-\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q.
`mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv. AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-ns ê-
ambn e`n-p--X-. Ir]bvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-m {]tXy-Inp
ImcWw Bh-iy-an-. Fm At\z-jn-p--ht\ Cuiz-c-
Ir] Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Bm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjw-t]mepw
Hcp \nan-jw F-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm Am-
\-m Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n \nd-n-cn-p-tm Hcp
\nan-jw-X-s Hcm-bncw hj-t]mse `mc-ap--Xm-bn-
ocpw. Imew a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\-n kpJapm-
Ip-tm Ime-n\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]mp-t]m-Ip
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-pw. ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-tm Imen\p \ofw
IqSpw. kabw Cg-p-\o-p--Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw.
kpJ-Zpx-J- Bt]-n-I--fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-
imkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-apt Kpcp ]d-pI-gnp.
B_v sFo Hcp DZm-lc - Ww ]d-bp-p-v. Npp-
]-gp Hcp teml--In-Sn Hcmsf ]nSn-n-cp-n-bm
Abmv Hcp \nanjwt]mepw Hcm-bncw hjw-t]mse
tXmpw. Fm Imap-In-bpsS kvt\l-ak - r-Wa
- mb Npw_-
\m-enw-K\
- m-Zn-If
- n \nhr-Xn-sIm-n-cn-p Hcp-h\v aWn-q-
dp-I Ign-p-t]m-bmepw Hcp \nan-jw-t]m-setb tXmp-I-
bp-q. t_m[w Xn\npw A\y-amb Hn hym]cn-
p-XmWv Ah-iX. hmkvX-h-n Ime-ns acW
amWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw. Ime-n Pohnp--XmWv
ac-Ww. a\p-jy temI-n Pohn-p-tmgpw ac-W-ns
òXn-bn\npw hnap--\-. Ime-t_m-[amWv a\p-jy\n
arXyp-ò-Xn-sb- krjvSn-p--Xv. Acs\mSn Bbn-c-am-p-
t]mse tXmpw FXv a\p-jy AaXy-\m-bn-o-cpp
F-Xns Be-m-cn-I-{]-tbm-Kam-Wv. Cu ]Zyw \nhr-Xn-
bpsS \nd-p-Xq-h-em-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 49
16
A[n-Ih - n-im-ea- c- p-{]-tZ-is- am-mbv
\Zn s]cp-Ip-X - p-t]mse hp \mZw
{ipXn-If- n hoWp Xpdpa-n-sbpw
bX-an-bepw bXn-hc- y-\m-bn-tS-Ww.
A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn

Hmbv BIth
\Zn-s]-cp-Ip-X
- p-t]mse \Zn Ic-Ih
- n-sm-gp-Ip-X
- p-t]mse
\mZw -hv {]W-h-[z\n Dd-h-s]mn hv
{ipXn-I-fn hoWv Dm-XnhoWv
Xpd-p-w An AI-p Xpd-n-pp.
Fpw bX-an-bepw CXn\v Ftm-gpw b-a\w ioe-am-nb
bXn-h-cy Bbn-tSWw kym-kn-t{i-jvT Bbn-cnWw.
B m-\p-`h- s Imhym-I
-Xv. hnim-ea
- a
- m-bmWv Kpcp Ah-Xc
- mbn ]cp InS-p aW-c-v. B
aW-cv NqSp-sImp X]n-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. s]svv B
- n-n-p-
acp-`qan apgp-h \ndp]c-sm-gp-Ip Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-

s]m-n-h-cnI-bm-sW-n B A\p-`-hw \psS kev]s-
t]mepw AXn-i-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv. acp-`q-an-bpsS X]vX-lr-Z-
b-n \Zn-bpsS \\hv ]Sv kpJ-io-Xf - na ]I-cp A\p-
`q-Xn. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv A-cm-m-hn \mZw DXnp-
hv Dm-Xp-I-fnhoWv m\-N-p-ns\ Xpd-p-X-cp-
-X.v Ahm-Ny-kp-c- a - mb Bm\p-`q-XnbmWv Kpcp Cu tmI-
n-eqsS ]Ip-Xc - phm {ian-p-X - v. \-psS cp ImXp-
Ipap-dv Adn-hns am[p-cy-aqdp \mZw {ihn-p
Hcp t{im{X-ap-v. B t{im{Xw DW-cW - s - a-n {i thWw.
{i Bm-hn Dd-n-cn-p _pn-bm-Wv. {i Dm-
Xns\ BZyw Xpd-pp. BtXm-sSm-w-Xs D-pw
Btm]tZiiXIw 50
Xpd-p-p. ChnsS ]d-bp Iv m\-N - p-m-Wv. ka-
kvXX- b
- nepw B-km-nyw Zin-p ImWv m\-
N-p-v. B-kw-ba - \w ioe-am-nb Hcp kym-kn-hc - y\v
am{Xta Cu A\p-`qXn ssIh-cn-Ib - p-p. t\ct ]d
I]-S-k-ym-kn-v Cu A\p-`-h-ns shfn-hp-m-bn-cn-p-
I-bn-.
A[n- I - h n- i me acp- { ]- t Ziw A\- - a mb t_m[- ns
hym]vXnsbbmWv hyRvPn-n-p--Xv. \Zn-bpsS ioX-tk-N-
\wsIm-mWv Xnse B\-m-\p-`q-Xnsb Xncn--dn-bm acp-
`q-anv Ign--Xv. \msamw Pohn-Xs acp-`qan IWs
X]np Xop--h-cm-Wv. ZpxJ-amWv Pohn-Xs Nqgvp
\nev p bmYmy- s av {io_p ]d- Xv Cu
A-n-em-Wv. A]qhw Nnev Kpcp-Ir-]s - Imv Bm-
hns kpJ-io-X-fn-a-bn- Aan-cn-p-hm ku`mKyw e`n-
p-p. {]W-h-amWv \Zn-bmbn Bm-hn Hgp-IpXv. {]W-
hs \mZw Fp hnh-n-m ImcWw ]qWX {]m]n
Poh kwKo-Xm--I-am-sWp ]d-bm IqSn-bm-Wv. temI-
hn-j-b--fp-ambn apn-bp-cpn Pohn-p kmam\y a\pjy-
cn Cu kwKoXw ad-p-t]m-b-Xns sshc-ky-amWv \man-
hnsS ImWp--Xv. Bfp-Iv Aev]w-t\-cw-t]mepw ck-
tmsS shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. shdp-sX-bn-cn-
p-tm a\p-jy apjn-p-t]m-Ip-p. _mly-tem-Is
hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-sfmw a\p-jys apjn-n\n-p tamN-
\-n-\p-th-n-bm-Wv. {]W-ha - p-W \mZ-tbm-Kn-I Bm-
hns kwKo-X-n [ym\-\n-c-X-ambn A`n-c-an-p-p. Cu
B\w \ncp-]m-[n-I-am-Wv. tbmKn-bpsS B\w \ntZm-j-
am-Wv. inip--fpsS {IoU-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 51
17
Ag-se-gp-a-n-X-fmp cp -X-m-bv
pg-ep-a-\mZnhnfp Xqn-bmm
\ng-ep-cp-hm-sbcn-bpp s\tXm ap
]g-Inb hmk\ hn hrn-b-t{X.
An-Xf
- mv Ap \mf--tfmSp IqSn
cp Xmbv qew, kqvaw Fo cp
XpI-fmbn
Ag-segpw In-sm-n-cn-p,
Npgepw Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
A\m-Zn-hn-fv BZn-bn-m Hcp Zo]w
Xqn Xqnbnn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-
Bm Bmhv
\ng Dcp-hmbv \ngemb icocw Gn-sImv
Fcn-bpp In--sm-n-cn-p-p.
s\v AtXm hnf-s-cn-bm-\p- s\m-sW-ntem
ap ]g-Inb hmk\ apt \-n IpSn-sIm-p
]gwsN I-hm-k-\-I-fm-Wv.
hn B hnf-nse Xncn-I-fm-Is,
hrn-bt{X Nn-hr-n-If - m-Wv.
H cp Xnc-o-eb
- n sXfn-bp Ne-n-{Xw-t]m-se-bmWv Kpcp
Cu tmIw Na-n--cn-p--X.v A\m-Zn-bmb Bmhv Hcp
hnf-p-t]mse Hmtcm-cp-c- nepw Fcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-.v
Htc-sbmcp Bmhv Fcn-bp-tm Hcp \mfta ]mSp-q.
Fm amb-bpsS in-I-fmb Bh-cWhpw hnt-]hpw
\nanw Bm-hn\v Ap \mf- D-Xp-t]mse tXmn-
n-p-p. Ap \mf- Fp ]d-bp-Xv a\p-jy-ic - o-c-
nse Ap mt\-{n-b - fneqsS-bp A\p-`-h-fm-
Wv. sNhn-bn-eqsS i_vZ-\m-fhpw Xzn-eqsS kv]i-\m-fhpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 52
In-eqsS cq]-\m-fhpw \mhn-eqsS ck-\m-fhpw aqn-eqsS
K-\m-fhpw {]Im-in-p-p. mt\-{n-b--fn-eqsS B-
Zo]w {]Im-in-p-tm-gmWv \mw tIp-Xpw kv]in-
p-Xpw ImWp-Xpw cpNn-p-Xpw aW-p-Xpw Hs.
Cu Zo]-n-\m-Is, cp Xp-Ifpv. Hp am\-kn-Iw (con-
ceptual) cm-a-tXv sF{n-bw (perceptual). sF{nb-am-
bXv qe-amb Xm-Wv. C{n-b-ns apn Hcp hnjbw
hp-\np-tm a\-mWv B hnj-bs \n-bnp
a\-n-em-m-\p- km-l--sfms Hcp-n-sm-Sp--p--
Xv. C{n-b - hnj-bs kmam-\y-ambn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
a\v hnti-j-ambn \nh-Nn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. DZm-l-c-W-
n\v Hcp amgw ImWp--tm AXv C{n-b-v \evIp-
Xv amgw F kmam-\y-t_m-[-am-Wv. a\-ns cwK-{]-
th-ia- p-m- Ip-tm IqSp-X IrXy-Xt- bmsS amgw atKm-
h-bmtWm \oe-\mtWm aqhm--\mtWm Fp khn-ti-j-
ambn \nW-bn-p-p. a\-n ]qhmn-Xa - m-b- hmk-\I-
fmWv temI-\nW-b - n-\p-thn Icp-f - m-bn-cn-p-X
- v.
B-Zo]w {]Im-in-p-Xv \ng-ep-cp-th-n-bm-W.v \ng-epcp
Fp ]d- m Xnc- o- e - b n ann- a - d - p- t ]m- I p
OmbmNn{X-t]mse Ft A-ap-q. Cu hnf-s-cn-
bp-hm C-\a - m-b s\v hfsc ]g-w-sN ]qh-I-
kw-kvIm-cfm-Wv. ]qhn aW-sa-t- ]mse Ch Nn-n
hknp- - X p- s Im- mWv hmk\ Fp hnfn- p- - X v .
s\n Xncn-sb-t- ]mse hmk-\I - f- n Nn-hr-n-If - mWv
In-sm-n-cn-p-X - .v hnj-bk - wKw Dm-Ip-tm t_m[w
hnj-b-ns BImcw ssIsmv Poh-\n hntm-`-
Dm-n-sm-n-cn-pw, I-Se - n Xnc-bS- n-pw-t]mse.
Chsb-bmWv Nn-hr-n-I Fp ]d-bp-X - v. Bmhv
An-{n-b- f
- n-eqsS a\-ns ]m-e -
- n {]Xn-ê - np
{]Im-in-p Hcp at\m-lc - N
- n{Xw Cu tmIneqsS Kpcp
\app ]Ip-Xc - p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 53
18
Al-an-cp-f-n-cp-fm-In-e--cmbv \m
al-a-l-sa--dn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-l-a--Im-c-a-s
dn-h-Xn-\n--s\-bmp-tam-Xn-tSWw.
Alw Ccp-f B-t_m[w Ccp-f-.

Ccp-fm-In Ccp-m-bn-cp-s-n,
A-cmbv \mw Dm-gvN-t]mepw t]mbn
Alw Alw Fv Rm Dv Rm Dv
FpIqSn
Adn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWw Adn-bm-Xn-cn--W-am-bn-cp-p.
Adn-h-Xn-\m Fm Rm\pv F Adn-
hns\ \ntj[n-m\mhm--Xn-\m
Alw A-Im-c-a-sv Bm-hmb Rm Ccp--sv
Adn-h-Xn\v t_m[yw hcp-p-Xn-\p-thn
Cs\ C{]Imcw
Bpw Fm-ht- cmSpw
HmXn-tSWw shfn-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-W - w.
Hm tcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnp ]d-bp-tm Rm

F kh-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-mWv kwkm-cn-m-dv. Rm
t]mIpp, Rm \S-pp, Rm InS-pp Fn--s\.
ChnsS Rm F hnh ico-c-ns Ne-\--fpambn
_-sp XmZm-y-n\n-mWv DS-se-Sp-p--Xv.
Rm B\-n-p-p, Rm Adn-bp-p, Rm kvt\ln-p-
p, Rm shdp-pp Fp \mw ]d-bp-tm ChnsS
Rm kqva-X-e-n-emWv {]hn-p--Xv. shdppw
kvt\lhpw Fmw am\-kn-I-X-e--fn-ep hnIm-c--fm-Wv.
Rm Atm a\-pambn XmZm-y-s Hcp GI-I-am-Wv.
Ipd-p-IqSn Bg-n-tev \mw At\z-jn-p-t]m-Ip-tm ico-
c-n\npw a\-n\npw hyXn-cn--ambn Rm\n\v \ne-
Btm]tZiiXIw 54
\nm Ign-bp-sav A\p-`-h-am-Ipw. B Rm ip-amb
Bm-hm-Wv. Adn-hm-Wv. B Rm kZm kpJn-bm-Wv. Rm
Dv F kXyw Bpw \ntj-[n-m Ign-bpn-. Rm
C Fp ]d-b-W-sa-nt]mepw Rm Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
Rm Ds--dn-bm\pw Cs--dn-bm\pw Rm Dm-bn-cn-
- W w. AXp- s Im- mWv Kpcp Dun- - d - b p- Xv Rm
Am-\-am-Ip Iqcn-cp--sv. Am-\-n Adnhv
Atijw {]Im-in-p-I-bn-. Iqcn-cp-v Hcp Zriyhpw sXfn-
bm--Xp-t]m-se--s.- \mw Hmtcm-cp--cnepw \ Dd--
nt]mepw kpJ-ambn hn-p Rm Dv. B D
kpjp-]vXn-p-t]mepw kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-bmWv hn-p-
-Xv. Rm Adn-hns \nd shfn--am-Wv. Rm Iqcn-cp-
m-sW-n Rm, Rm Fp- t_m[w-t]mepw Dm-
Ip-hm ]mSn-m-bn-cp-p. Fm As\ Atm? Rm
ckn-p-p, Rm ZpxJn-pp Fsmw ]d-bp-tm-sgm-
sbpw Rm AhnsS {]Im-in-p-p-v.
AXp-sImv Fm-hpw Adn-n-cnmthn ]d-
p-sIm-Sp-t HmWv Rm Bm-hm-sW-v. AXv Hcp
Ccp hkvXphs-v. Bmhv kzbw-{]-Im-ia - m-W.v AXns
Dsb Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-; shfn--ns Dsb Ccp-
n\v \ncm-Ic- n-m-\m-hm-X - p-t]mse. AXp-sImv \mw hopw
hopw ]d-bW - w: Rm Am-\a -
- , Rm m\-am-Wv.
Rm Ccp--, Rm shfn--am-Wv. Rm ZpxJ-a-, Rm
B\--am-Wv. Rm iq\y-X-b-, Rm \nd-hmWv Fv.
khw ln kn-Zmw t\l \m\mkvXn In\. ChnsS
kn-Zmw am{X-ta-bpq. \m\m-Xz- Hpw-X-s-bn-
Fp {io\mcm-bW - K- pcp Zi-\a - m-eb
- n ]d-bp-p. P\-sf
t_m[n-n-p-hm-\mbn Kpcp sImSp-p Ghpw henb D]-
tZiw shfn-s tXSn \n Hcn-Spw Ae-tb Fm-
Wv . ImcWw B shfnw \nX- s - b m- W v . Hcn-
t]mepw AW-bmsX Pzen-p \n-fpsS \nP-kz-
cq]w.......
Btm]tZiiXIw 55
19
ASn-ap-Sn-b--a-Xp-n-Xp--Xp-s
Sn-bn-Sp-am-Znak--bp-sX-mw
PU-anXp kha-\n-Xyamw Pe-n
hSn-hns\ hnp Xcw-K-a-\y-amtam?
ASn ASn-bn-ep--XmWv kXyw

apSn D-Xnbnep--XmWv kXyw
Aw A-p--XmWv kXyw
AXpv AXp D-Xp-X-s-bmWv
CXpv CXp D-Xp-Xs- -bmWv
AXpv AX-, asm-mWv DXv
Fv ASn-bnSpw Cs\ a\p-jy shdptX
kXyssmn hmZn-p-p.
BZn-a-k Fm-n-tbpw BZn-bmb
B-kXs-bmWv
D-sXmw _lp-hn-[-ambn ChnsS ImWp
\ma-cq-]--sf-mw.
CXp khw Cm-Wm-hp-s- Xmw
A\n-Xyamw \mi-ap-X - mb
PUw PU-am-Wv.
Pe-n hSn-hns\ hnv Pe-ns k-bn\npw
XcwKw Xnc
A\y-amtam? thdn-n-cn-p-XmtWm?
Cu {]]w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp k-bpsS \m\m-

hn-[amb Bhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. BIm-inepw `qan-
bnepw A-cn- - n-ep-ambn Fa hkvXpsf \mw C{n-
b-sImv ImWp-p-v. BIm-i-nse \-{X-fpw
`qan-bnse Ipw apw hr-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw kmK-chpw acp-`q-
anbpw arK-fpw a\p-jycpw Fmw Cu BZn-a-k--bpsS
Bhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Fm-n\pw Hmtcm
Btm]tZiiXIw 56
cq]-ap-v. cq]s \mw Adn-bp-Xv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXm-
Wv. A-s\-bmWv F-a- \m-a-fpw F-a cq]-fpw
tN hymh-lm-cn-I{- ]-]w kwPm-Xa- m-Ip-X - v. \ma-cq-]
- f
- psS
_mlp-ey-m \mw BZn-ak -
- sb hnkvac- n-p-t]m-Ip-p. Fnv
hmp-If - psS ambm-Pm-e
- ns]-ns-t- ]mse kXyssmn
Xn-m XpS-p-p.
Ip-sImp ImWp Hns\ am{Xta Rm kXy-
ambn hniz-kn-p-I-bp-q Fsm-cm iTn-p-p. Atm
thsdm-cm ]d-bp-p, ssZhw D-X--fn ad-n-cn-pp
Fv. C\nsbmcm ]d-bp-p, AXp--X-, CXmWv D-Xv
Fv. B aXw icn-b-, Cu aXw icn-sbv thsdmcp Iq.
As\ ]dp]-dv X-n-tepw ASn-]n-Sn-bn-
tepw Ah-km\w bp-n-tepw c-smcn-n-en-tepw
\bn-p hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z--fpsS A-iq-\yX Kpcp FSp-
pIm-Wn-p-I-bm-Wv Cu ]Zy-n-eqsS sNp--Xv. DXv
BZn-a-k am{Xw. ASn--ap-Sn, Ahn-sS--C-hn-sS, AXp-v--C-
Xpv F-sXms shdpw i_vZ-Pm-e- am{Xw. AXp-
sIm-m-W-hsb PUw Fp ]d-bp--Xv. PU-h-kvXp-
Aev]m-bp-p-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp Xncbvv F{X-t\cw Pe-n s]mn-\nm
Ignbpw? Aev]-t\cw am{Xw. Ipdp Ign-m hn-S-t-
p-Xs Xnc Xncn-p-t]m-Ipw. Xnc Fhn-sS-\n-mWv hXv?
Pe-n\n-.v Pe-amWv Xnc-bpsS BZn-ak-
- . Pe-n\nv
thdn-smcp AkvXnX Xnc-b v n-. Xnc A\n-Xy-am-W.v Pew
\nXy-am-W.v CsXmcp DZm-lc- Ww am{X-am-W.v Cu DZm-lc - W
- -
n-eqsS B-k - b- psS \nXy-Xzhpw \ma-cq-]
- f
- psS A\n-
Xy-Xzhpw Kpcp hy-am-p-p. Fm X-fpw Am\-
n\npw P\n-p-X - m-Wv. m\-n Xw Hgn-p-
t]m-Ip-p. t_m[w sXfn-hp kXys Zin-p-p. hnZzm
\ AXn-hmZo `hXn m\n AXn-hmZw sNp-n Fv
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv FSpp ]d-bp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 57
20
De-In\p thsdmcp k-bn--Xp-s
pe-I-cp-c-Xp khaq-l-lo\w
Pf\p hnte-ibsap tXmn-bmepw
\e-an-bepw aeame \mK-amtam?
De-In\v \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]--n\v

thsdmcp k-bn B-k--bn\npw `n-ambn
thsdmcp k-bn-.
AXp-sv Chn-sS-Im-Wp Hmtcm-n\pw
thsd-thsd D-bp-sv
De-I Dc-Xv P\- ]d-p-t]m-cp-Xv
khw Fmw
Dul-lo\w bpn-bp--a-.
Pf\v Am-\nv
hnte-ibw ]mv
Fp tXmn-bmepw Dsp tXmn-bmepw
\ew Cbepw tNtXm-lc- a- mb
aeame ]qame
\mK-amtam? ]mmbn amdptam?
F m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-I-ambn Nnn-p--h-c-.

tbmKm-I - h
- n-Nmcw Xz-Nn-m-tem-Iv `mc-X
- ns
X\-Xmb kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. ImgvN-m-Sns\ ka-{Khpw kao-Ir-
X-hp-am-pI tbmKm--I-hn-Nm-c-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
GsXmcp Nn-bpsSbpw ka-{K-Xv hy-amb Hcp ASn-
d Dm-bn-cn--Ww. {]]--s-p-dnv hnNmcw \S-nb
`mc-Xo-b- E-jn-I sNs-n-bXv Htc-sbmcp Imc-W - n\n-
mWv Imcy-cq-]--fmb Cu {]]w Bhn`q-X-ambn ImW-
s-Sp--sX \n-b-n-em-Wv. {]]--Im-c-Ws ASn-
m-\-s-Sp-n-smv Nnn-m am{Xta Nn ka-{K-am-
Btm]tZiiXIw 58
hp-I-bp-q. Kpcp De-Ins ksb kh-k-am-t-jn-bmb
BZn- a - I m- c - W - a mbn FSp- p- I m- W n- p- p. \m\m- X z-
smw Ccn-nSw \Ip Cu GI-k-bn ka-
\z-bn-m hnNm-c-samw bpn-lo-\-am-Wv. Kpcp Dul-
lo\w FmWv ]d-n-cn-p--Xv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b B-
k--bn Fm-n-t\bpw tbmPn-np a\-n-em-p-tm
B Nn bpn-bp--am-Wv. Imc-W-n\npw A\y-ambn
Hcp Imcyn-\pw \ne-\nm-\m-hp-I-bn-. Ifn-a-n-s\-q-
SmsX IpS-n-s\-s\ \ne-\nm Ignbpw? AXp-
sImv Kpcp Dd-n-p-Xs ]d-bp-p: ""De-In\p thsdmcp
k-bn'' Fv. CXp tIp-tm Cu temIw iq\y-
am-sW- a\-n-em-tXv; temI-n-ep- Fm-n\pw
A-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-k--Xs-bm-Wv
Fm-Wv.
shfn-p-d-hp-aqew ]qame ImWp-tm òcp-hn\v AXv
]mm-sW {àw Dm-Imw. hnte-ibw ]mm-Wv. ]qam-e-
bpsS BIm-chpw ]mns BIm-chpw kam-\-am-Wv. AXp-
sImv aqV\v Dm-Ip sXn-m-c-Wsb, Adn-hp- Hcm
hv Xncp-n-sm-Sp-p-p. ]mmsWp hnNm-cnv `b-
s Abm-fpsS a\-n ]qame ImWp-tm Dm-Ip
B-cy-\n`-c-amb ktmjw Kpcp FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p.
thZm--nse Ibdpw ]mpw F ZrjvSm--n\v Hcp
amw hcpn Ib-dns m\v ]qam-esb {]Xn-jvTn-p-
I-bmWv Kpcp sNp--Xv. Cu amw ]mc--cy-Nn--bnse Hcp
Zmi-\n-I-hn--h-am-Wv. kqva-X-e--fn Ccw sImp-
hn-h
-
- Kpcp At\Iw \S-n-bn-p-v. BZn-ak - shdpw
{]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-b H. AXn \nln-X-am-bn-cn-p
B\--amWv AXns aqeyw. ]qam-e-bm-sWp Xncn--dn-bp-
m AXv IqSp-X {]nbw P\n-n-p-p. AXp-sImmWv
thZm--nse ncw ZrjvSm--amb Ib-dn-s\-amn ]qam-
esb Kpcp {]Xn-jvTn--Xv. {]tbm-P-\-aq-ey-s-bmWv ChnsS
IqSp-X Dun--dbp--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 59
21
{]nb-sam-cp-Pm-Xn-bn-sX{]nbw XzZo-b
{]nb-a]c-{]n-b-sa--t\-I-ambn
{]nb-hn-j-bw-{]Xn hnSpw {àw X
{]nba]-c-{]n-b-sa-dn-n-tS-Ww.
{]nbw Hcp PmXn Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabpq.

CXv F {]nbw CXv Fs CjvSw,
XzZo-b{- ]nbw \ns CjvSw,
A]-c-{]nbw thsdm-cp-hs CjvSw
Fv At\-I-ambn F Xc-n Htc {]nbw-Xs
At\-I-{]n-b--fmbnocp--Xv.
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn CjvSh- n-jb
- fn
hnSpw {àw Dm-Ip {àw \nan-amWv.
X{]nbw Xs {]nb-amWv
A]-c-{]nbw thsdm-cp-h-sbpw {]nbw
Fv Adn-n-tSWw Fp- kXyw a\-n-em--Ww.
{]n bw B\-a - m-Wv. B\-

- n-te-p Pohn-If
- psS Dp-
JX P-k-l-P-am-Wv. B\--ns Ccn-nSw Hmtcm
Pohn-bnepw AXns AI-ta-X-s-bm-Wv. ]pdta Xnc-bp-Xv
B\--ns Ccn-nSw Adn-bm--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. B\w
hnj-b-n-X-a-, B-n-X-am-Wv. AXv Ht-bp-q. At\-
I-an-. a\-ns A`n-c-an-m-\p hmk-\-sb-bmWv {]nb-
ambn Fp--Xv. B {]nbw kqvam-n B-{]n-b-
am-Wv. Bmhv GI-amWv. Bm-hnse {]nbhpw GI-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv AXv Hcp PmXn Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p. PmXn
F-Xn\v Xcw Ft A-sa-Sp-t--Xp-p. Fm Pohn-
I-fnepw kpJw A\p-`-hn-m-\p {]h-WX GI-am-bn-cn-p-
-Xp-sIm-mWv {]nbw Hcp PmXn Fv Kpcp FSp-p-]dn-
cn-p-X- v. ZpxJn-p-hm Bcpw CjvSsSm-dn-. AXp-sImv
Btm]tZiiXIw 60
ZpxJn-m-\p {]h-WX {]nb-ambn hcn-I-bn-. ZpxJs
Hgn-hm-m-\mWv Hmtcm Pohnbpw {ian-p--Xv. ZpxJs
Hgn-hm-p-Xv B-{]n-b-X-sIm-m-Wv. Bm-hn kl-
P-ambn IpSn-sIm-p B\--\n`-c-X-bm-emWv Bm-hn
Fm Pohn-Ipw {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. Bm-hm-Is
GIhpw khhym-]n-bp-am-Wv.
Fm Poh-\nse Al-m-a-a-Xm-Zn-I ImcWw Hcp-
h hnj-b-tem-ep-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p. hnj-b-n-emWv B\-
-an-cn-p-Xv F {àw \nan--amWv hnj-b-n Hcp-
h\v {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. {àw FXv Am-\-P-\y-amb
sXn-m-c-W-bm-Wv. Ak-Xys kXy-ambn Icp-Xp--XmWv
{àw. Ak-Xy-amb temI-hn-j-b- kXy-sap Icp-Xp--
Xp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv hnj-b-{]n-b-X-bn Dun-\n-p-
sImv Pohn-p-hm hyn-I {ian-p--Xv. {àw Hcp-h-
\n i-am-Ip-tm Ahs CjvS-ap- hnj-b-fpw
hyXy-kvXfmbn-cn-pw. B-{]nbw ad-p-t]mbn B
m\v hnj-b-{]nbw hp-Iq-Sp-Xv Am-\w \nan--
am-Wv. A-s\-bmWv Fs CjvSw, \ns CjvSw, Ah-cpsS
CjvSw Fn--s\- CjvSm-\n-jvS- _lp-e--fmbn hv
B-{]n-b-n\v hn`-P\w kw`-hn-p--Xv. CXp amn-sb-Sp-
-W-sa-n \apv {]nb-s--Xmbn tXmp Hcp Imcyw
thsdm-cmpw {]nbw Df-hm-p Ah-t_m-[-n ka-
RvP-k-ambn tNWw. Bm-hn \njvT-bp Hcmv
thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJs l\n-m-sX-Xs Xs kpJs
Is-m Ign-bpw. Xs kpJw thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJ-n\v
tlXp-I-amb coXn-bn ]I-cp-hm\pw Ign-bpw. m\n-I
temI-n\v ImWn-p-sIm-Sp amXrI AXm-Wv. BXy-n-
I-ambn {]nb-hkvXp Bmhp am{X-amWv. Bm-hp-X-s-
bmWv kh-hp-ambn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. Cmcyw Ftmgpw
HmthWw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 61
22
{]nb-a-]-csbsX{]nbw, kzIo-b
{]nb-a-]-c-{]n-b-an-{]-Im-c-amIpw
\b-a-Xn-\mse \cp \ \evIpw
{Inb-b-]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv htc-Ww.
{]nb-a-]-cs thsdm-cp-hs {]nbw GXmtWm

AsX{]nbw AsX-sbpw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
kzIo-b-{]nbw F\np {]nb-s--Xv
A]-c-{]nbw asm-cp-h\pw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
C{]-Im-c-amIpw \bw CXmWv Pohn-Xs ka-c-k-s-
Sp-m\p Hcp t]mwh-gn.
AXn-\mse {]nbw GI-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw
\cp \\Ipw{Inb Hcp-h\v \-bp-m-p {]hrn
A]-c-{]n-b- thsdm-cp-h-sbpw kpJ-n-\v
tlXp-hmbv htcWw Imc-Wa- m-bn-oc-Ww.
Po hn-X-n\v \smcp s]cp-am--n thWw. AXn-s-n

PohnXw Ae-tm-e-am-bn-o-cpw. [mn-I-amb Hcp
hyh-nXn {]]-k - r-jvSn-bns Aeo-\a - mbn InS-
p-p-v. ]c-kv]cw CW-n-\np Hcp hyh--bmWv
{]]--n \mw BIth Itm-Sn-m ImWp--Xv. Cu
CWw kl-P-am-Wv. am\p-jn-I-X-e-n-tev hcp-tm
krjvSn-{]-{In-b-bnse kl-P-amb Xmfw `RvPn--s-Sp--Xp-
Im-Wmw. a\p-jy bpn-]qhw Nnn-p Hcp Pohn-bm-
Wv. Ahs bpn-bpsS ASn-m\w Xt-Xp-am-{X-amb
kpJ-XX- v]c- X
- b
- m-Wv. thsdm-cm-fpsS Pohn-X
- n\v Fp kw`-
hn-mepw Xs AsXmpw _m[n-p-I-bn Fv aqV-
ambn Ah Nnn-p-p. Cu aqV-hn-izmkw {]]--ns
[mn-I-hy-h-v FXn-cm-Wv. a\p-jy Hgn-sI-bp ap
Btm]tZiiXIw 62
Pohn-Ismw Cuiz-cXs IrXy-amb s]cp-am- - n-I
-
\In-bn-p-v. a\p-jy-s\mcp tXmym-kn-bm-Wv. tXmymkw
]e-tmgpw [mn-Ie - w-L\w IqSn-bm-W.v hyn-bpsS Xmtm-
n-c - s Ah-t_m-[ - ns shfn- - n-emWv Xncp-t-
-Xv. AXn-\p \b-amWv Kpcp ]d-bp-X - v.
\app tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-sbmw sNp-I-bm-sW-n
Fhn-tSbpw kwLjw am{Xta apn-\np-I-bp-q. {]nb-
ns Xe- n hcp ]nSnhm- i n- I sIm- mWv
kwLj- Dm-Ip-X - v. P
- o-hn-X
- n ka-\zbw sImp-
h-cW
- s- a-n \mw Nne \op-t]m-p-I-sfms \S--Ww.
AXn\p Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ASn-d-bpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
Hm-a-Xmbn, {]nb-ns ASn-m\w B-k--bm-sW-
-dn-bp-I. Bm-hns {]nbw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw {]nb-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv Bm-hns {]nb-n-tev tNcp--Xns
`mK-ambn \mw {]mY-an-I-ambn sNt-Xv thsdm-cm-fpsS
CjvS-tbpw \psS CjvS-ns ]cn-K-W-\-bn-tev
sImp-h-cm ]Tn-p-I-bm-Wv.
thsdm-cmv CjvS-s Imcyw \ap-pw-IqSn CjvS-
sphcp-tm \mw Aev]wIqSn hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-o-
cp-p. Atm \apv {]nb--c-am-b Hv thsdm-cmpw
{]nb--c-am-bn-o-cpw. \mw temI-n-\p-thn Pohn-p-
I-bm-sW-n temIw \ap-p-th-nbpw Pohn-pw. \mw
Cuiz-c-\p-thn Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cuiz-c \ap-p-
th-nbpw Pohn-pw. `K-h-ZvKo-X-bn AXmWv ]c-kv]cw
`mh-bx]c-kv]cw {]km-Zn-n-pI Fp ]d-bp-X- v. AXp-
sImv F\nv \-bpm-p {]hrn thsdm-cm-fpsS
Pohn-X-n\p Xn-bmbn hcm ]mSn-. A{X-am{Xw Icp-
X-temSpw Dsh-fn-thm-Spw-IqSn Pohn-m am{Xta {]nb-
-fnse kzc-e-bs Imp-kq-n-m \apv Ign-bp-
I-bp-q.
Btm]tZiiXIw 63
23
A]-c-\p-th-n-b-l\niw {]bXv\w
Ir]-WX hnp Ir]mep sNbvXn-Spp
Ir]-W-\-t[m-ap-J-\mbv InS-p-sNp
]-P-b-Iah-p-thn am{Xw.
A]-c-\p-thn thsdm-cmp-thn
Al\niw cm-I t`-Z-an-msX
Ir]-WX hnv kzmX Ifv
{]bXv\w I-
Ir]mep sNbvXn-Spp Ir]bp--h sNpp.
Ir]-W kzm
At[m-ap-J-\mbv InSv A[-aamb kpJ-t`m-K
- f
- n apgpIn
A]-P-b-Iw [-hntcm-[n-bmb Iw
Ah-p-th-n--am{Xw Xs am{Xw kpJ-n-\p-thn
sNpp sNpp.
Ir ]-WX
- bpw Ir]m-ep-Xzhpw ]c-kv]c
at\m-`m-h - f
- h - n-tcm-[n-If
- m-Wv. Ncn-{X-n Cu cv at\m-`m-h
Gdnbpw Ipdpw amdn-amdn hp-sIm-n-cn-p-X
- mb cv
-
- p-Im-Wmw.
_p\pw tbiphpw \_nbpw \mcm-bW - K - p-cphpw Ir]m-ep--
fm-Wv. lnv -edpw aptm-fn-\nbpw Ae-Ivkm-dpw sNn-
kvJm\pw Ir]-W-m-cm-Wv. Ah shn-n-Sn-m {ian-Xv
Ah-cpsS Al-m-c-[mjvSy-fn\n-m-Wv. Ir]m-ep-
temI-n-\p-thn Xs-s \nth-Zn-h - c
- m-Wv. Hcp apS-
-\mb BnIp-nsb cn-p-hm-\mbn {io_p- kzw
incv Ipcp-Xn--n shp-sIm-Sp-p. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
Ipp-dp-p-Is - f-tmepw t\mhn-m-Xn-cn-p a\v hfn-
sb-Sp--W-sav \tmSv ]d-p. Alnw-k-bn-emWv Ir]-
bpsS Ccn-n-Sw. Ir] XnIpw ssZhn-Ia - mb Hcp KpW-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 64
kl-Po-hn-If - nepw Xs Pohs XpSn-p-I sXm-dn-bp-h - -
\mWv Ir]m-ep. Ir]mep Fp sNp-tmgpw AXv khn-
tbpw lnXw am\n-m-Wv sNp-I. Fhn-sS-sb-nepw thZ-\bpw
bmX-\bpw ImWp-tm Ir]m-ep-hns a\w Aen-bpw. Ah-
cpsS ZpxJ-\n-hm-cW - - n-\p-thn Ir]mep X\n-m-hp-s - Xmw
sNp-p. an a\p-jycpw kzw `mcy, Ipn-I F IpSp-
mb XmXv]c - y-f- nam{Xw HXpnq-Sp-h - c
- m-W.v - A-Xn-\-
p-ds
- mcp temI-ap-sv Ah Nnn-mt]mepw sa\-
s-Sm-dn-. As\bp at\m-`m-hs - -bmWv Ir]-WX Fv
Kpcp hnti-jn-n-p-X - .v
F-t-mfpw Ir]-WX Cp P\-f - n Bth-in-n-
cn-p-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp `qXm-th-iw-t]mse P\w kzm-Xb - psS
IpSp-mb IpSpw-_] -
- m-e - - n-tev Dh-en-p-sIm-n-
cn-p-XmWv \mw ImWp-X - v. Cu Dh-en-b-ens\ AWp-
Ip-Spw_w (nuclear family) FmWv hnfnp--Xv. A\pw
Abpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw AS-p Hcp IpSpw-_w. Ah-
cpsS kpJw am{X-amWv Ah At\z-jn-p-X - v. kpJw Is-
p-hm-\p- {]bm-W - n F{X Bfp-Isf thW-sa-nepw
ZpxJn-n-p-hm Ah aSn ImWn-p-n-. CXmWv Ir]-Ws
Pohn-Xc - o-Xn. Ir]-W Xs t\-n-\p-thn kl-Po-hn-I-
sf-sbmw Nhn-n-sa-Xnv IS-p-t]m-Ipw. BsI a\p-jycpsS
BsI \-sb-p-dnv Ah-s\mcp hnNm-chpw Dm-bn-cn-pI-
bn-. As\ hnNm-ca - n-m-h - s Iw Zqjn-Xa - mb I-
am-Wv. AXn-s\-bmWv A]-P-b-Iw Fp hnfn-p--Xv.
B[p-\n-I-tem-Iv Ip-h-cp D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIrXn Ir]-
W- X - b psS Cun- - n\npw P\nv am\- h - c m- i nsb
Imp-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p hnj-en]vX at\m-`m-h-amWv.
AXv Hcp A_p-Z-am-bn hfcpw. AXp a\p-jys\ hne-a-Xn-
p-I-b sNp--Xv, Ah-a-Xn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. \
Hcp Pohn-X-n\v AXp-sImv \-fnse Ir]-WX If-bp-I.
Ir]m-ep-Xzs DWn hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p-I. temI-n\p
kzkvXn `hn-s - .
Btm]tZiiXIw 65
24
Ah-\n-hs- \-d- n-bp-s- Xm-s-tbmm
eh-\n-bn-e- m-Zn-aa- m-sbm-cm-c- q]w
Ah-\h - \- m-k - p-J - n-\m-Nc- n-p
h-b] - c- p kpJ-n-\mbv htc-Ww.
Ah Ch Fv Ah Fpw Ch Fpw \mw

Adn-bp--sXms thsd thsd Adn-bp--sXms
Hmm hnNn-\w sNbvXm
Ah-\n-bn temI-n
BZn-a-amb krjvSnpw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-p
Hcp B-cq]w Htc-sbmcp B-k-Xyta Dq.
Ah\h Hmtcm-cp-cpw
B-kp-J-n\v kzw kpJ-n-\p-thn
BN-cn-p-h sNp {]hr-n-I
A]-cv ap-hpw-IqSn
kpJ-n-\mbv htcWw kpJw \I-Ww.
tem I-n Htc-sbmcp B-k

k-b
- tb Dq. B B-
- mWv Fnepw \nnepw Ah-\nepw Ch-\nepw
Hs B[m-c-k--bmbn hn-p-X - v. B k-bn\n-
mWv Rm\pw \nfpw Cu {]]-hpw Bhn`-hn-n-cn-p-
-Xv. BZnaw F hnti-jWw kh-{]m-Wn-Ipw _oP-
am-bn-cn-p-Xv F A-n-emWv ChnsS {]bp--am-
bn-cn-p--Xv. Htc-sbmcp amXm-hn\n-mWv \-sf-m-hcpw
DS-se-Sp-n-cn-p--Xv. km[m-c-W-bmbn a\p-jy Iw
sNp-tmtgm kw`mjW-n Gs-Sp-tmtgm Cm-cy-
sampw Hmm-dn-. AXp-sImv Ah Fp \ ]d-
bp-tm \-n\npw A\y-amb GtXm Hcp hyn-bmWv
Ah F tXm-emWv Df-hm-Ip-X - v. Hcp lnp ]d-bpw:
Ah {InkvXym-\nbm-Wv, Ah apo-amWv Fsms.
Btm]tZiiXIw 66
{InkvXym-\nbpw apoapw CtX-t]m-se-Xs lnphn-s\--
nbpw "Ah' Fp ]d-bpw. cmjv{So-b - nepw ImWmw C-
s\-bp- tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-I. Ah Iyq-Wn-m-Wv, tIm{K-
mWv, _nsP-]n-bmWv Fsm-s. F-s\-bmWv Cu
A\yXzw \-nt- ep IS-p-hc - p-Xv? \mw \psS imco-cn-I-
k--sb-bmWv Rm\mbn Icp-Xp--Xv. imco-cn-I-k--bpsS
AkvXn-Xzs am\-Z-WvU-amn hp-sIm-mWv \psS
temI-ns AXnn \n-bn-p--Xv. Cu {]mY-an-I-
amb sXns\ Xncp-msX temI-n ka-\zbhpw kam-
[m-\hpw sImp-hc - m-\mhp-Ib
- n-.
\-psS hnZym-`ym-k-nepw aX-t_m-[-\-n-ep-samw
Cu sXv Bhnv Dd-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Htc-sbmcp
B-k--bmWv kh-N-cm-N-c--fnepw kXy-am-bn-cn-p--
sX A\p-`-h-t_m[am-bn-cn-Ww Hcp a\p-jys\ DZm--
am-t--Xv. As\bmWv Hcp-h Xs kpJ-n-\mbn
{]hn-p-Xv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw kpJ-n\v tlXp-hmbn
`hn-p-Xv. Chn-sS-bmcpw \n\nv A\y-c. Bm-
hn\npw AI--h-c-. hymh-lm-cn-I-\n-b-n-\p-thn
am{Xw Ah, Ch Fsms ]d-bmw. AXp-sImmWv
Kpcp A]-c F hmv D]-tbm-Kn-n-cnp-Xv. A]-c
Fm ]c Am--h. {]Xy--n thsd-bm-sW-
nepw ]c-am-n Xn\npw thsd-b-m-h.
Cmcyw \-hw a\\w sNbvXp-d - nv Iw sNptm
temI-ns imn-p-thn apd-hnfn Iqt Bh-iy-an-
. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-hcpsS imnp-thn B-t_m-
[-tmsS Iw sNp-tm AXv ka-kvX-Xbvpw kpJ-
I-c-ambn `hn-pw. Fm-h-cnepw imn kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hp-
tNpsIm-pw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 67
25
Hcph-\p-\-Xpa\y-\-epw tN
smcp sXmgn-em-h - n-tcm-[n-tbmn-tS-Ww.
]c\p ]cw ]cn-Xm-]-ta-In-Sp-tm
sccn-\-c-Im-_v[n-bn hosW-cn-n-Sp-p.
Hcp-h\p \Xpw Hcmv \ hcp-p-Xpw

A\y\v Aepw thsdm-cmv ZpxJhpw
tNsmcp sXmgn hcp-n-h-bvp--Xmb {]hrn
B-hn-tcm[n Bm-hnse kl-P-amb
sFIyn\v \nc-p-X-.
Hmn-tSWw Cmcyw ad-p-t]m-Im ]mSn-.
]c\v thsdm-cmv
]cw- ]-cn-Xm]w ]c-a-amb thZ-\sb
GIn-Sp-tm Gev]n-p--h
Fcn-\-cIm-_v[n-bn In-sb-cn-bp \c-I-k-am-\-
amb ZpxJ--S-en
hoWv Fcn-n-Spp hoWv Xo{h-ambn t\mh-\p-`-hn-
tn hcp-p.
B m-hnemWv Fmw kzc-e-b-s-n-cn-p-Xv. kl-P-

amb Hcp sFIyw Bm-hn-\p-v. Bm-hn Hpw-
Xs ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-p-n-. a\v Ie-l-`q-an-bm-Wv.
Ipcp-t-{X-am-Wv. AXp-sImv B-t_m-[n-bmb Hcm
Iw sNp-tm AXp ka-kvX-Xpw lnX-I-c-ambn `hn-
p-p. Hcp XSm-I-nse \n-e-P-e-cm-in-bn-tev sNdn-
sbmcp Is-Sp-s-dn-m aXn, AXn Ae-If - psS Btm-
f\w D-mIm. Ae-am-e-I Dm-Ip--Xv, AXns kzm`m-
hn-I-amb kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm\m-Wv. AXpt]m-se-
Bmhv AXns kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm {iaw
\S-n-sm-n-cn-p-p. Fm ]ecnepw imco-cn-Ihpw
am\-kn-I-hp-amb XmZm-y-t_m[m BssIyw \jvS-
Btm]tZiiXIw 68
s-Sm-dp-v, ad-p-t]m-Im-dp-v. Hcmv \ hcp-p
{]hrn thsdm-cmv Xn hcp-pI-bm-sW-n AXv
Bm-hns sFIyn\p \nc-p--X-. AXp-sImv
AXns\ Kpcp B-hn-tcm[n Fp ]d-bp-p. t_m[-]qhw
Nne ap-hv D]-{Zhw Gev]n-m-dp-v, ap--hsc
]oUn-n-m-dp-v. Xs kpJ-n-\p-thn thsdm-cp-hs
Poh-s\-tmepw l\n-p-hm Nne DZy-an-p-p. A-s\-
bp--h sImSpw-]m-X-In-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp-hs Iw \-Xm-sW-n \ ês Ah\v
Inpw. No Iw sNp--h\v km-]s Dm-p
ê-amWv e`n-p-I. \manp ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-p-p-s-n
B ZpxJ-n\p tlXp-I-amb I- \mw Ftmtgm
sNbvXnp-v. AXp-sIm-v thsdm-cmv Icp-Xn-qn ]cn-
Xm]w Gev]n-p--h \c-Im-nv kam-\-amb ZpxJ--S-
en hoWv In-sb-cn-bpw. Bmhv kzbta AXns GI-
Xm-\-X-bn hn-p-sa-nepw Iw sNp--h\v IXr-
Xz-t_m[w Df-f-Xn-\m I--fpsS ê-fpw Ah
Xs Gp-hm-tn hcpw. acn-X - n\p tij-sampw BIW
san-. Cu P-nXs I-êw AXns Im-
hn-tep Xncnp hcmw. \cIw F hmv ZpxJ-ns Xo{hm-
h-sb ImWn-p-hm-\m-W.v AsXmcp {]tXyI {]hn-iy-b-.
\c-I-bm-X-\-I Ftm thW-sa-nepw \n-fn-tep
Xncnp hcmw. AXp-sImv Bm-hns GI-Xm-\X - v \nc-
p I- am{Xw A\p-jT v n-p-I. ZpjvS-em-p I-
Dt]-n-p-I. [mnIPohn-Xs hne-bp--Xmbn
Icp-Xp--h Cu D]-tZiw \-hw Hmn-cn--Ww.
Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb [w Fv Ejn-am Zin-n-
cpp. I-n lnwk-bp-s-n kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXv
B-hn-tcm-[n-bm-Ip-p. Bm-hnse \nebpw Pohn-X - nse
lnwkm-cm-ln-Xyhpw Hcp-an-np sImp-t]m-Ip-Xv tbmKm-
-I-Po-hn-X-ns cl-ky-am-Wv. Cu Hm {]Im-i-h-m-
bn-cn--s.
Btm]tZiiXIw 69
26
Ah-b-h-sam-s-b-an-bm-Wn-bmbv \n
hb-hn-bm-hn-sb-bm-h-cn-n-Spp
Ah-\n-h-s\--Xn-\m-e-h \n\-bvp
h-i-X-bm-a-hn-th-I-sam-n-\mte.
Ah-bhw Hs Fm Ah-b-h--tfbpw
Aan kzh-i-K-amn
BWn-bmbv \nv Hcp tI{-_np-hmbn hn-p
Ah-bhn Poh
Bhnsb Bm-hns\
Bh-cn-n-Spp ad-p-I-f-bpp.
AXn-\m AXn-\m
Ah-iX- bmw kzm-k--bmb Bm-hn\p
hi-s-Sm
Ahn-thIw t_m[-iq-\yX
Hn-\mte Hp \nan--ambn
Ah Ch Fv Ah thsd Ch thsd F
Xc-n
Ah \n\-bvpp Ah-i\ - mb Ahn-thIn \n\-bvp-p.
B wKe-`m-j-bn Ah-b-h-n\v organ FmWv ]d-bp-

-Xv. \nc-h[n Ah-b-h- Hn-p-tNv kzbta
{]hn-p-Xp-S-p-tm AsXmcp organism B-bnocp-
p. \-psS ico-c-nepw Iptd-tbsd Ah-b-h-fpv. Cu
Ah-b-h--sfms tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-b {]hn-p--
Xv. ssI Db-W-sav Cn-p-Xpw Im hen--W-
sav Cn-p-Xpw Cu Ah-b-h--sf-sbms CW-n-
\np Ah-b-hn-bm-Wv. Ah-b-hn Fp ]d-m orga-
nizer. Ah-b-hnsbbmWv Poh Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Npa-cn
Xdbvp Hcp BWn-t]mse Poh Fm {]h-\-
Btm]tZiiXIw 70
pw tI{o-Ir-X-t\-XrXzw \Ip-p. ]t, Poh-\m-
Is imco-cn-I-Xm-Zm-y-m hymtam-ln-X-\m-Wv. Xs ico-
c-amWv Xs k Fv Poh sXn--cn-n-cn-p-p. Xs
icn-bmb k ico-ca - - , Bm-hmWv Fv [-cn-p-X - mWv
kXym-h-[m-c-Ww. BWn Al-m-c-am-Wv. BWn t]mI-Ww.
BWn-t]m-bm hyn-tI-{-n hn-n-cp Poh
khm- - ` m- h n- b m- b n- o- c p- p. ka- k v X - X - b nepw Xs
Dsb A`n-Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-Xv hyy-l-m-c-n\v
\miw kw`-hn-p-tm-gm-Wv.
Bm-hns\ Bhn FmWv Kpcp hnfn-n-cn-p--Xv.
Hmw ]Zy-n ]d-bp Icphpw ChnsS ]d-bp Bhnbpw
Hp-X-s. Fm Cu Bmhv PohXzw ImcWw ad-
p- t ]m- b n- c n- p- p. CXmWv Ah- i X. B- h - i p
\np-hm hnthIw thWw. AXn\p Ign-b-W-sa-n
A\m--h-ip \app hn-p- sIp-]m-Sp-I Agn-p-
t]mI-Ww. Ah-iX Ah-km-\n--Ww. Ah-i-Xbpw Ahn-
th-Ihpw Imc-W-amWv Ah thsd Ch thsd Fp-
Xp-_p-n-bm Hcm {]-hn-p-X - v. B-km-m-XvIm-
c-Z-i-bn am{Xta Hcp-h\v GImXm-t_m[w A\p-`-h-ambn
hcnI-bp-q. hyn-I-fn Ip-h-cp kzP-\]-]m-Xhpw
aX--cm-jv{Sob A`n-\n-th-i-fpw kp-NnX tZio-b-t_m-
[hpw Ah-i-X-bpsS _mly-Nn---fm-Wv. \psS _lp-am-
\y-cmb ]e t\Xm--mcpw Bym-n-IZr-jvSn-bn Ah-
i-m-cm-Wv. Ah-iX hyn-Xz-nse tcmKm-Xp-c-X-bm-Wv.
kaq-l - ns tcmKm-Xp-cX - bvv NnIn \evIm Kpcp-hns
Ah-t_m-[-\-{]-[m-\-amb {]h-\- hf-sc-b-[nIw
klm-b-I-ambn `hn-n-p-v. Cpw kaqlw BIth Ah-i-
amb \ne-]m-Sp-If - n-emWv Ign-p-t]m-Ip-X - v. AXn-\p ]cn-
lmcw cmjv{So-b-tam, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-ctam A. Bym-
n-I-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 71
27
Ccp-fn-en-cp--dn-bp--Xm-Ip-am-m
hdn-h-Xp-Xm-\Y \ma-cq-]-ambpw
Ic-W-sam-Sn-{n-b-Ir-I-ambpw
hcp-hXp ImI! atl-{-Pm-e-sa-mw!
Ccp-fn-en-cpv Ccp Ah--bn Ccp-v

Adn-bp--XmIpw Bm Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv
Bm-hv.
Adnhv AXp Xm AXp Adnhp Xs-bmWv.
AY ]noSv B Adn-hp-XsbmWv
\ma-cq-]-ambpw \ma-ambpw cq]-ambpw
Ic-Ws- amSv A--cWw apX
C{n-bIXr-I- -ambpw C{n-b
- , Im-hv, Iw hsc
hcp-hXv {]Xo-X-am-Ip--Xv.
ImI t\mq.
Fmw atl-{-Pmew! Fmw al-mb C{-Pm-ew-X-s!
B m-hns\ ]q-ambpw \nh-Nn-m Ign-bn-. Fn-

cp-mepw hNn-m-hp--Xns ]camh-[n-bmWv Kpcp
]d-n-cn-p--Xv Ccp-fn-en-cpv Adn-bp--XmIpw Bm.
kh Ic-W - fpw {]h-\c - l
- n-Xa
- m-Ip-tmgpw "Rm\p'v
F A\p-`hw kZm {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cnpw. Bmhns\
Ip-sImtm _pn-sImtm ImWm-Xn-cnm Imc-W-
sa-mWv? AXv Ccp-fn-emWv Ccn-p-Xv. Ccpfn-en-cn-p
s]mcp-fmWv Bm-hv. Ccp-fm-Ip ad-bn-emWv Bm-hns\
apgp-h\pw kaml-cnp-h-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccp Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
kpjp-]vXn-bn Cu Ccp Ghpw A\p-`-h-ap--Xm-Wv.
Bm-hns\ ad-p-sImv Ahn-Zy-bpsS Bh-cW - i- n {]_-
e-am-Ip--XmWv kpjp-]vXn. Bmhv shfn--am-sW-nepw
Btm]tZiiXIw 72
B shfn-s XmXvm-en-Ia - m-sb-nepw ad-bvp-hm Ahn-
Zybvp Ign-bp-p. AXp-sImv Ccp-fn-\ - p-d
- p- s]mcp-
fns\ ImWm {ian-p-tm-sgms {]]-{- ]-Xo-Xn-If - mWv
ImWp-X - v. D
- d
-
-
- n \mw Hpw Adn-bm-dn-t- m? Fm
B Hpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p Adn-hn-m-bva - p-nepw temI-
hn-jb -
- ]n-qSn ad-n-cn-p-p-v. Nne-tm kz]v\-
n- Ah Xn-b - dn hcpw. PmK-cn-X
- n AXp Iptd-
qSn hy-ambn tXmpw. PmK-cn-Xhpw kz]v\hpw ]cw-s]m-
cp-fns ZrjvSn-bn hen-sbmcp kz]v\w am{X-am-Wv. Dd--
nepw DWn-cn-p Bm-hn-tev \mw DW-cW - w. Dd-
p thf-bn kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-sm-n-cn-p \mw
Bm-\p-`h - - n-em-Wv. ]t, DW-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta
B kpJs Hmn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. Dd-p-tmgpw
"Rm' DWn-cn-p-p-sh Dt_m[w sXfn--h
m\n-bm-bn.
\ Ccp-p-ap-dn-bn Ccn-p-tmgpw Rm, Rm F
D bmsXmcp D]m-[n-bp-an-msX \ap--\p-`-hn-m-\m-Ipw.
B GI-amb Bm-hmWv ]noSv \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cu
hniz-ambn \psS apn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. B Bm-
hp- X - s - b mWv v A- c- W - - f mbpw C{n- b - - f mbpw
Im-hmbpw I-ambpw amdn-a-d-bp--Xv. Bm-hnX-s-
bn-cn-p Hcp {]tXyI in-Nm-e-\w-sIm-mWv CsXmw
kw`-hn-p--Xv. Cu Ap-X-I-c-amb C{-Pm-es [ym\m-
-I-ambn amdn-\np \nco-n-p-I. hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-hm
Ap-Xa - mWv Pohn-Xw. \psS ImgvNI - f
- psS bmYmys
Xnc-p-t]m-Ip-tm Adn-hns aqe-n sNs-p-p.
AhnsS {à- tfm hn{`m- n- I tfm A\p- ` - h - s - S p- n- .
XnI imnbpw kz-Xbpw am{Xw. Ccp-fns kv]i-ta-
evm sXfna AhnsS \ndp s]cp-Ipp.
Btm]tZiiXIw 73
28
ASn-ap-Sn-b--Sn-sXmp auen-bw
kv^pS-a-dn-bp-Xp Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw
PU-a-dn-ho-eXp Nn sNbvXp sNmp
nS-bn-en-cp--dn-h--dn-n-tSWw.
ASn apSn Av ASn-sbtm apSn-sbtm D

t`Z-Nn CmXmbn
ASn-sXmp auen-bw Fm ASn apX apSn hsc
kv^pSw Adn-bp-Xv sXfn-a-tbmsS Adn-bp-Xv
Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw Xpcy-t_m-[-amWv.
PU-a-dn-hoe PU-h-kvXp- Xpcy-t_m-[s
Adn-bp-n-.
AXv B Xpcy-t_m[w
Nn-sNbvXv sNmp Nnnv Fn-t-cm-hp
CS-bn-bn-encp Adn-h Xe-n hcp Adn-h-.
Adn-n-tSWw Cmcyw a\-n-em--Ww.
B -t_m[w PmK-cn-X-ntem kz]v\-ntem kpjp-

]vXn-bntem A\p-`-hn--dn-bp Adn-h-. `mhm-`m-h-
m-\-a-. aq-h- I - t- fbpw Dw-Ln-p-\np AXo-
X-t_m-[a - mWv B-t_m-[w. AXp-sImv AXns\ \mem-
atXv F A-n Xpcobw Fpw ]d-bmdp-v.
Xpcobw hmkvXh -
- n Hc-h - b
-
- ; Ah-m-{X-bk
- m-n-
bm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-_p-
n-sImp Nnn-p-tm-gmWv ASn, apSn Fsm-s-bp-
am\- Dm-bn-hc - p-X- v. km[m-cW _pn ùXn-Ih - n-j-
b-f - p-ambn _-s-mWv {]hnp ioen-n-pXv. AXp-
sImv a\-n hcp tNmZy-smw _pn Dcw
]d-bp-Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw, I\w Fo Af-hpI-fpsS
am\-ZW- vU - D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-m-Wv. Fm Xpcy-t_m-
Btm]tZiiXIw 74
[-am-Is Af-h
- X
- m-Wv. Hcp Xc-n-ep- Af-hp-tImsIm
pw Af-m Ign-bm{X hym]vXn-bmWv Xpcy-t_m-[ - n-
\p-X - v.
Xpcy-t_m[w A\--am-Wv. AXp-sImv ASn-sbtm
apSn-sbtm D hn`-P\w Xpcy-t_m-[-n hcp-n-.
Fm Xpcy-t_m-[ - n ASn-bn-ep `qanbpw apSn-bn-ep
BIm- i hpw Dtn- c n- p- p. Xpco- b m- \ p- ` - h - n
m\w kv^Sn-I-k-m-i-amb sXfn-a-bn Fn-t-cp-p.
kwibw teiw-t]m-ep-an-m \nP-n-Xn. C{n-b-fpw
a\pw _pn-bp-samw P-Uh - k
- vXp-f-- m-Wv. AXn\p kzbta
{Kln-p-hm-\p- in-bn-. Bm-hns {]Im-i-n-emWv
Ahsbmw {]Im-in-p--Xv. AXp-sImv PU-h-kvXp-
fmb C{n-bm---c-W-v Xpcy-t_m[w hnj-bo-`-hn-
p-n-. Nnntm A\p-am-\ntm FSp-m-hp H Xpcy-
t_m-[w. Fm Nn-Ifpw A\p-`-h--fpsS ap{Z-W--fmb
kvac-WIfp-ambn _-s-mWv {]hn-p--Xv. Fm
Xpcy-t_m-[a - m-Is As\-sbmcp kvac-Wb - p-a- . AXn-\m
AXns\ Nnn--dn-bm-\m-Ip-sap Icp-Xp-Xv A_--am-Wv.
Fm D]m-[n-Ifpw Dt]-nv, Adn-hns\ kzbw {]Im-in-p-
hm hnp-sIm-Sp-p-tm Xpcy-t_m[w kqcy-Xpeyw {]Im-
in-pw. CXmWv B-km-m-XvIm-cw. ASn- sXmv auen-bw
kv^pS-ad- n-bpI FXv Nn-sbm-gn m\-am-W.v Nnbpw
Nn-I\pw Htc-t]mse Xntcm-`-hn--Ww. Nnn-p-tm
ASn apSn, AXv CXv F tZi-Im-e-t_m[w a\p-jys Adn-
hns kv^pS-Xsb sISp-n-f - b
- p-p.- Zz-z-f - I- t_m[-
amWv Xpcy-t_m-[w.
Btm]tZiiXIw 75
29
a\-a-e sImbvXp atli ]qP sNpw
a\p-P\p asmcp the sNbvXn-tS.
h\-a-e sImbvXp-a-X--bm-bvIn ambm
a\p-hp-cp-hn-p-an-cn-n amb amdpw.
a\-a-e sImbvXv a\-nse kev]-hn-Iev]--fm-

Ip ]q \pn-sb-Spv
atl-i-]qP sNpw atl-i\v An-p
a\p-P\v a\p-jy\v
asmcp the thsdmcp km[\
sNbvXn-tS sNt Bh-iy-an-.
h\-a-e sImbvXpw As-n ]qs-Sn-I-fn\npw
]q s]mnv Anpw
AX-b - m-bvIn C\n AXp-a-s-n
ambm-a\p Dcp-hnpw ambm-a{w Dcp-hnv
Ccn-n km[\ sNp-I-bm-sW-n
amb amdpw Xpcy-t_m-[s ad-p-]n-Sn-p
amb amdn-tmIpw.
a \p-jy Fm-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-k

X-c- n-ep-h
- c-
- . Nne B-X
- ns Imcy-n Htc-
- zs s]sp {Kln-
p-p. Nne-cm-Is {Kln-m Ign-bmsX Ipg-p-t]m-Ip-
p. Hmtcm-cp-c - nepancn-p hmk\-bmWv Ahs CjvSm-
\n-jvS
- sf \n-bn-p-X - v. hnjbhmk-\b - psS insb
bn-n-t-Xv B-X - z-{K-lW- - n\v AXy-m-t]-n-
X-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn aqp D]m-b - Kpcp ChnsS ]d-p-
X-cp-p. CXp \s Aym--amK-n klm-bn-phm\m-
Wv. Hmtcm-cp-pw CW-p-Xp am{Xw kzoI-cn-p-I.
]t, GXp km[\ sNp-tmgpw eyw B-km-m-
Btm]tZiiXIw 76
XvIm-c-am-sW Imcyw ad-m ]mSn-. Aym--km-[-\-
Isf Imbn-Iw, hmNn-Iw, am\-knIw Fp aqmbn Xncn-
mw. Ch-bn Imbn-I-km-[\ qe-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.
hmNnI-km-[\ ay-a_
- p-n-Ip-X
- m-Wv. am\-kn-Ik
- m-[\
D-a-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.
]q hncn-bp-X - p-t]m-se-bmWv a\-n kev] -
Ap-cn-p--Xv. Fm A\p-`-h-fpw k-ev]-X-e-n-emWv
BZyw A\p-`q-X-am-hp-I. Cu kev] -- sf ]qPm-]p-jv]--
fmbn IcpXn A-cm-m-hm-Ip atl-i\v A\ \S-p
{]{Inb XnIpw [ym\m-I - a
- m-Wv. Nn-n\v GIm-{KX
ssIh-cn Hcp km[-I\p am{Xta C-s\-sbmcp km[-\-
bn Db Inp-I-bp-q. Cu am\-tkm-]m-k-I\v thsd
Hcp km[-\-bpsS Bh-iy-an-. Abm t{X-ntem
]n-bntem t]mtIXn. B km[-I ]c-am-m-hm-Ip
_nw_-n a\-m-Ip ]qPm-]p-jv]s An-p--Xn-
eqsS \nhr-Xn-bpsS ]c-a-Im-jvTsb {]m]n-p-p. A{Xbpw
Bym-nIamb HuXyw Bn-m Ignnn-s-
n hnj-an-t-. Ipdp Imp-]q- Cdpv atl-i\v
A-\-bmbn \Insmv Nn-sscyw ssIh-cn-mw.
CXv Imbn-I-km-[-\-bm-Wv. {]I-S-ambn \S-p Ccw ]qP-
Iv {]Nmctadm ImcWw B[p-\nI D]-t`m-K-k-aq-l-
n qe-`p-p-If - psS Fw hn-X - p-sIm-m-Wv. atl-
i FXpsImv ]c-am-m-hn-s\--s-bmWv Kpcp hnh-
n-p--Xv. AXpa-s-n hmNn-I-amb a{-P-]s km[-
\-bmbn A\p-jvTn-mw. AXn-s\mcp a{w thWw. a{w
Poh--B--t`-Zs AIn BssIyw Dd-n-p-p. a\-
nse amen-\y- \onbmte CsXmw km[y-am-Iq.
hnip--amb Fm {K-fpw Kpcq-]-tZ-i-fpw a{--fm-
Wv. Ah \nc-cw kzmymbw sNbvXmepw aXn. kwi-bn-
t. ambm-apX-e-bpsS ]nSn-bn\npw km[-I\p ]pd-
p-I-S-m Ign-bpw. hnizm-k]qhw A\p-jvTn-p-I.
Btm]tZiiXIw 77
30
PU-a-dn-ho-e-dn-hnp Nn-bn-tm
XnSp-I-bp-an--dn-sh--dn-p khw
hnSp-In-e-h hni-Zm--cw-K-\mbv ta
epS-en-e-ap-g-ep--Xn \q\w.
PUw Adn-hoe PU-n\v Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-.

Adn-hnp Nn-bn- Xpcy-t_m-[-n Nn-I-fn.
HmXn-Sp-I-bpan- B A\p-`hw hmp-I-fn-tev
]Ip-hm\pw Bhp-I-bn-.
Adn-sh--dn-p Xpcy-t_m-[s Adn-bm D]m-
[n-bpsS Bh-iy-an- F-dnv
khw hnSp-In PU-kw-_--amb Fm sIp-]m-
Sp-Ifpw Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-n
Ah Hcp-h
hniZ A-cw-K-\mbv AXn-cp-If- n-m NnZm-Im-i
- n
\nd-n-cn-p--h-\mbnocp-p.
ta ]noSv
DS-en Aav Rm ico-ca- m-sW-p
Am-\-n\v hi-K-\mbn
Dg-ep--Xn- ZpxJn-p-n-.
\q\w CXp Xo-bm-Wv.
\mw F-dn-bp-tmgpw Nnn-m-dp-v. Nnn-msX Hpw

\apv Adn-bm Ign-bn-. Nnn--dn-bp Adn-hp-
Ifpw A\p-`-h-fpw am{Xta \apv ]cn-N-b-ap-q. Fm
Ftm-gmtWm Nn-I-sfmw \nhr--am-Ip-Xv, hnc-an-p-
Xv Atm-gmWv Xpcy-t_m[w {]Im-in-p--Xv. Cu Xpcy-
t_m[w a\- p- s Imtm _pn- s Imtm C{n- b -
sImtm Hpw {Kmlnm-hp Xc-n-ep-X -
- . ImcWw
Btm]tZiiXIw 78
Ch-sbmw PU-h-kvXp--fm-Wv. PU-h-kvXp-sImv
ssNX-\ys Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw Nnsb
\nan-a - m-n-bmWv temIs Adn-bp-X - v. Nnbvv kzbw
Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw kzbw-{]-Im-i-I-am-b-Xp-
sImv thsdm-ns shfn--an-m-sX-Xs {]Im-in-p-p.
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-n ]d-bp-p, Xta-h-`mw A\p-`mXn
khw Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`mXn kzbw {]Im-in-p-
\n-evp ssNX-\y-ns shfn--n asmw {]Im-in-
p-\n-evp-p. Xpcy-t_m[w GIm-{- ]-Xy-bk - m-ca
- m-bX - n-\m,
thsd Hn-sbpw klm-b-an-msX kzbta Adn-bpp.
AXm-bXv \mw \s-s A\-\y-ambn Adn-bpp. PU-h-
kvXp- {]ta-b - m\v \nevp-tm ssNX\yw {]ta-
b-am-Ip-n-. {]ta-b- hmMva-b--fm-Wv. ssNX-\ys
hmn HXp-p-hm km[y-a - . HmXp-hm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. HmXp-
tm ssNX-\y-amb Bmhv sRcnv ]cn-an-Xa - m-Ip-p.
]mm-Xy-X - z-Nn-I - c
- n AZzn-Xo-b\ - mb s_Kvk
kzbw hnf-p Adn-hns\ Am\w (intuition) Fp
hnfn-p. AXp-sImv, PU-fmb D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS \mw Ip
ioen C{n-bm-\p-`-h- Xpcy-t_m-[-asp \nbn--
Ww. Xpcy-t_m-[m-\p-`h - s Ct-hsc Bcpw hmp-If - n
]Ip-h - n-n-. A\p-`h - n-p-h -- \v t`mr-Xz-an-m-X - n-\m
samgn-bm-\pamhp-n-. IS-ens Bg-af -
- m t]mb Dp-]mh
Xncn-p-hv \-tfmSv IS-ens AKm-[X - s
- b-p-dnv ]d-p-
X-cn-Ib
- n-sv \ap-d - n-bmw. ISepw ]mhbpw Hm-bn-o
m ]ns Bcp ]dbpw? Adn-hn-ea - m ]ns \m\mXz-
-fn-. Atm Ahs A-cwKw kmK-cw-t]mse A\-
-am-bn-o-cpw. ]no-sSm-cn-epw Ah\v imco-cn-I-t_m-[-
m ZpxJn-p-ge - p-hm CS-hc - p-n-. ZpxJw ico-c - n-t-Xm-
Wv. Bmhn-t-X - . Bm-hn \mw B\-X - p-n-ec- m-Wv.
AhnsS ZpxJ-ns ]ina Ati-j-an-. AhnsS ""Rm''
\ncm-a-b-\m-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 79
31
A\p-`-h-am-Zn-bn-sem-n-cn-n-e-m
X\p-an-Xn-bn-nXp ap-a-n-bmte
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-Xp-sImp [n-bp-s
\p-an-Xn-bm-e-dn-ho-e-dn-n-tS-Ww.
A\p-`hw C{n-b-{]Xy-amb A-\p-`hw

BZn-bn BZy-ta-Xs
Hn-cn-n AmsX Hp-m-ImsX
A\p-anXn C A\p-am-\n--dn-bp-hm-
Ign-bp-I-bn-.
CXv Cu Xpcy-t_m[w
apw apv
An-bmte C{n-b-{]-Xy--ambn
A\p-`-hn-bm-b-Xp-sImv A\p-`-hn-n-n-m--Xp-sImv
[n-bp-sv -[-smw A[n-jvTm-\-
amb Bmhv Ds-p-Xv
A\p-an-Xn-bm A\p-am-\-n-eqsS
Adn-hoe Adn-bm ]p-I-bn.
Adn-n-tSWw Cmcyw \nbw hcp-Ww.
A \p-`hw Fp \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-Xv Hcp hkvXp-

hns\ t\cnv C{n-bZ- zmcm A\p-`h
- n-ptm-gm-Wv. C-
c-n-ep A\p-`-h-sf {]Xy-m-\p-`-h- FmWv ]d-
bp-I. \mw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bp-p: ""Rm ISip-hns\ Ip.''
Atm Abm Xncnp tNmZn-pw: ""IS-ip-thm? AsX-
mWv?'' CXns Aw Abmv ISip-hns {]Xy-
m-\p-`hw Dm-bn-n Fm-Wv. Abm IS-ip-hns\
t\cnp In-n-. AXp-sImmWv Abm-fn kwibw P\n-
Xv. Fm ISip-hns\ Abm-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n
Abm-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw thsd coXnbn BIp-am-bn-cp-p:
Btm]tZiiXIw 80
""Dtm. \o Itm? AsX-hn-sS-bmbncp-p?'' Fm-bn-cn-pw.
Abmv ISip-hns cq]s A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-m
Ign-p. Cu temI-n {]Xy--n Fp Imepw
\mw AXn-s\mcp t]cp sImSp-pw. t]cv A-c-W-nse
Hc-h-b-h-amb Nn-n t]mbn ad-n-cn-pw. t]cp am{X-
a Nn-n-en-cn-p-X- v. {]Xy-
- n I hkvXp-hns
cq]hpw t]cnsIqsS ad-n-cn-pw. ]ns, B t]cp
tIp-tm \psS at\m-ap-Ip-c-n sXfn-bp-Xv
hkvXp-h-; hkvXp-hns Hcp Imev]-\n-I-cq-]-am-Wv. CXns\
{]Xn` Fp ]d-bpw. t]cpw {]Xn-`bpw Hn-p-tNv hkvXp-
-fpsS Xncn--dn-hp-m-n--cp-p. BZyta Hc-\p-`hw
hmte Xncn--dn-hp-I hcn-I-bp-q.
Xpco-bm-\p-`hw \apv appm-bn-n-. AXp-sImv \ap-
-Xns\ A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-p-hm Ign-bn-. am{X-a Xpco-bm-
\p-`hw Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-a-, -k--ev]-hpa-. Cu temI-ns
Imcy hpw A-s\--Xs - -bm-Wv. ImWp temIw \ndw, aWw,
cpNn, kv]iw, i_vZw Fo [-fm-Wv. [n-mWv
[- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xv. [-v nXn sNm
CSw-sIm-Sp-p-Xv [n-bm-Wv. ]qhns [-f - mWv \ndw,
aWw, kv\nKvX Fn-h. [n-bmb ]qhv C{n-b-{]-Xy-
-a-. AXv Fpw AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse \nc-h[n
[-t- fmSp ISnb temI-ns A[n-jT v m-\a
- m-b [nsb
{]Xy--ambn Adn-bm--Xp-sImv A\p-am-\n--dn-bp-hm\pw
\nhr-n-bn-. A\p-am-\n-W - s
- a-n AXp apt A\p-`h - n-
n-cn-W
- w. Bm-\p-`hw \ap-n-m-X - p-sImv \mw A\p-
am-\n-p-Xpw Duln-p-Xpw shdpw kev]h - n-Iev]
-
am{X-am-Wv. Cmcyw a\-n-em-W - w. B-m\w A\p-
an-Xn-m-\-a-. A\p-an-Xn-I \ne-bvp-tm-gmWv [n
kzbta A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn \nd-bp--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 81
32
Adn-hXp [n-sb-b [-am-ao
bcp-fnb [n-b-Zr-iy-am-I-bmte
[c apX-em-b-h-sbm-p-an Xmp
smcp hSnhmadn-hp--tXmn-tS-Ww.
Adn-hXp \mw Adn-bp-Xp

[n-sb-b Adn-hns A[n-jvTm-\-amb
[n-sb-b-.
[amw [-sfbm-Wv.
Cu Acp-fnb [n ChnsS ]d-bp [n
AZriyw BI-bmte C{n-b-tKm-N-ctam at\m-tKm-N-
ctam Am--Xn-\m
[c apX-em-bh ]rYn-hn, Pew, An, hmbp,
BImiw apX-embh
Hpw C [- Bb-Xp-sImv ]c-
am-n Cm--XmWv.
Xmp {]m]-n-I-[-smw
Xmm-bn-cn-p
Hcp hSnhmw Htc-sbmcp B[mcw am{X-amb
Adnhv DXv Adnhp am{X-amWv D-Xv.
Hmn-tSWw Cu -c-lkyw Hmn-tS-Ww.
[ -smw CSw sImSp-p [n ImWm-ad

mWv hn-p-X
- b
- v. [nsb ImWm Ign-bp-n
Fp ]d-bp-Xv Hcp aX-hn-izm-k- ns ASn-m-\
- -
- n-e.
Hcp ssIte-kp-Ij- Ww FSp-m, AXp \nn-n-cn-p-Xp
\qep sImm-sW-nepw \mw AXv ssIte-km-sWt ]d-
bp-Ib- p-q. Fp-sIm-s-m, \qep-I \nc-h[n tNv
]pXnb Hcp cq]s ssIsIm-t- m AXv ssItekmbn
amdn. ssIte-kns cq]hpw \ndhpw LS-\bpw am-hhpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 82
\apv Adn-bm Ign-bpw. Ah [--fm-Wv. Fm
ssItekv F [n AZr-iy-am-Wv. anfn cmPmhpw \mK-
tk-\ F _p-`n-phpw Xn Hcp kwhmZw \S-p.
\mK-tk-\ ]d-Xv Ah-b-h- tNmWv Ah-bhn
Bhn`-hn-p-Xv Fm-Wv. cmPmhv bm{X sNbvXn-cp
tXcns\ Nqn \mK-tk-\ tNmZn-p: IpXn-cI - tXcmtWm?
cmPmhv ]dp: A. IpXn-cI - tXc-s-n Ahsb Agnp
amm \ntiw sImSp-p. N{I- tXcmtWm? A Fp
cmPmhv {]Xn-hN - n-p. Fm N{I-fpw Agn-p-am-m ]d-
p. N{I- Agnp amn. IpXn-If - psS apXp-In hbvp
Xpw Ccn-m-\p Ccn-n-Shpw Hmtcm-mbn Agnp amn.
ImcWw Ah-sbmpw tXc-. tX FmWv Fv At\z-
jn-m thn-bmWv \mK-tk-\ Cu ]co-Ww ImWnp
sImSp-X - v. hmkvXh - - n tX F Hcp k AZr-iy-
ambn Ccn-p-Ib - m-W.v IpXn-cI - fpw N{I-fpw Fmw tXcns
Ah-bh -
- f- m-Wv, [-f - m-Wv. Hmtcm-X - mbv Ah-bhw apgp-
h ]ncnp thdm-n-bm De-Ia - n-nXp hnNn-{X-at- {X.. Fp
Kpcp AssZz-XZ- zo-]n-Ib - n ]dbp-p-v. [-s - f \apv
Nqn-m-Wn-m Ign-bpw. [n-bm-b Bmhv AZr-
iyamWv.
\-Xp-t]mse hnNmcw sNp--h\p am{Xta CXp a\-
n-em-Iq. Am--h [--fpsS sIp-]m-Sns]v Ducn-
tm- c m- \ m- I msX hnj- a npsIm- n- c n- pw. temI- ns
nXnbpw A-s\-X-s-bm-Wv. Adn-hns Htc-sbmcp
hSnhp am{Xta Dq. B hSn-hns\ ad-p-h-p-sIm-mWv
`qanbpw shhpw Impw Xobpw BIm-i-hp-samw \-psS
ImgvN-h--n-tep hcp--Xv. Ch-sbmw [--fpsS
m\v \np--h-bm-Wv. Adnhv Hp-am-{X-amWv [n.
hSnhv F hmv Kpcp-hns IrXn-I-fn khn-ti-jm-
n {]tbm-Kn-p--Xm-Wv. hSn-hn\v Cwo-jn subsratum
Fp ]d-bpw. hSn-hmWv kh \ma-cq-]-pw B[m-cw
Fp a\-n-em--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 83
33
Adnhp \nP-n-Xn-bn--dn-n-Sm-\m-bv
c apX-emb hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\
adn-bp-a-h--bn-te-dn-am-dn- h-w
Xncn-bp-a-em-X-kaw Xncn-n-Sp-p.
Adnhv [n-bmb Adnhv

\nP-nXn kzw \nesb
C-dn-n-Sm-\mbv kzbta A\p-`-hn-dn-bm\mbn
[c apX-emb `qan apX-emb
hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\ ]-`q-X--fm-Ip [-sf
kzbw ssIsm-p-sImv
adnbpw Ah--bn Ne-\m--I-amb Hc-h--bn
Gdn amdn hw Xncnbpw Gdnbpw amdnbpw Xncn-bp
Aem-X-kaw Xosm-nbpsS {]`m-he - b
- wt]mse
Xncn-n-Spp Adn-hn Id-n-sm-n-cn-p--Xn-
\m {]]--{]-XoXn tXmn-p-p.
\mw Hmtcm-cp-cpw kXy-n m\-kz-cq-]-cm-Wv. \mw

AX-dn-bp-n Fp am{Xw. AXp-sIm-mWv \mw
P\n \m apX Ftm At\z-jn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
\nP-kz-cq]w Fs--dn-bm-\mWv At\z-jn-p--Xv. Fs
\nP-kz-cq]w \nXy-k-Xy-am-sWv Adn-hn {]Im-in--Ww.
AsXmcp t_m[y-s-S-em-Wv. _p-\p-mb mt\m-Zbw
Cu t_m[y-s-S-em-Wv. tImtf-Pn ]Tn-n-p Xz-Nn-
-I - mv CsXmcp _pn-]c- a
- mb Adn-hv am{X-am-Wv. Fm
\nP-nXn Adn-bp--h\v Cu m\w B\q-`q-Xn-I-am-
Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw A\y-a-m GIm--I-X-bmWv A\q-
`q-Xn. GIm--I-X-bpsS B\--Xp-n-e-X-bmWv \nP-n-Xn.
Btm]tZiiXIw 84
\nP-n-X-\m-Ip-tm At\z-jWhpw \ne-bvpw. Ne-\-
\ne-bvpw. Adnhv Htc-k-abw ssXn-Ihpw Ne-\m-
-I-hp-am-Wv. AXns _mly-h-i-p-\np t\mp-tm
Adn-hn\v ]e-X-c-n-ep- cq]-t`-Z-fpw `mh-t`-Z-fpw kw`-
hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmbn ImWmw. Adn-hns\ Bg-n
t]mbn Adn-m ssXn-I-amb Hcp kmn-bpsS \ne-
bm-bn-cnpw. krjvSn Fp ]d-bp-Xv Adn-hn-s-Xs Ne-
\-{]-{Inb-bpsS XpS-a- m-Wv. Adn-hn AK-Xa - m-bn-cn-p
Cm-in aqe-amWv krjvSn-{]-{In-bv XpSw Ipdn-p--
Xv. krjvSn--s krjvSn-Pm-e-smw Adn-hn\npw
A\y-Ym-I-cn Hcp tXm-en\v CS-h-cp-p-p. \nP-kz-cq-]-
\n-bw hcp--Xp-hsc [c-ap-X-emb hnti-j-`m-h- [cnv
{]]--KXn XpSp-sIm-n-cn-pw. adnbpw Ah--bm-Wn-
Xv. a\-p-X-s-bmWv Cu KXo-b-Xsb krjvSn-p--Xv.
AXn-s\-bmWv Pohs Akzmyw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
kIe Poh-Pm-e--fnepw Cu Akzmyw ImWmw. \nP-
nXn Adn-bp-thmfw Cu Akzmyw \ne-\nevpw. \nP-
nXn Adn-m Fmw kz-am-Ipw. {]]-Ne\w
Dm-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn Poh-Pm-e- hn{`m-n-bn AI-s-
Sp-p. Hcp Xosm-n FSpv Npg-n-bm Xosm-n k-
cn-p hrm-Im-c-n apgp-h\pw Xo In-sm-n-cn-
p--Xp-t]mse tXmpw. sImn-bpsS sXpam{Xta
Xobp-q Fp \ap--dn-bmw. Fmepw \psS Ins\
Ftm Hv NXn-p-p-v. imkv{Xw Cu sXns\ optical
illusion FmWv ]d-bm-dv. Xosmn \n-am-Ip-tm
am{Xta Cu sXv \app Xncn--dn-bm-\m-hp-I-bp-q. {im-
\zn-X-ambn hnth-I]qhw a\\w sNbvXmte Adn-hns \nP-
n-Xnsb {]m]n-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. AXp-hsc {]]--
ns {àm--I-X-bn \fpw Ipcp-n-tm-Ipw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 85
34
Ac-s\m-Sn-bm-Zn-b-cm-fn-bmnSpw tX
cpcp-f-Xn-te-dn-bp-cp-n-Spp temIw
Adn-hn-e-\m-Zn-b-Xmbv \S-nSpw X
Xncp-hn-f-bm-S-en-sX--dn-n-tS-Ww.
Ac-s\mSn BZn ka-b-ns Ghpw sNdnb

am{XIfmb
Acmfn BnSpw Bc-m- \nc-I-tfmSp IqSnb
tXcp-cp A-Xn Gdn cY-N-{I-n Ibdn
Dcp-n-Spp Dcp-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv
temIw temIw.
Adn-hn B-k--bn
A\mZn AXmbv Imem-Xo-Xa- mbn
\S-nSpw \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p
X Xncp-hn-f-bm-S Bm-hns Znhy-\-S\w am{X-am-Wv
CsXv Cu temIw Fp
Adn-n-tSWw t_m[y-s-p-sIm-Ww.
tem Iw \-ntev IS-p-hc

- p-Xv A\p-`h -
- f
- psS \pdp-
p-I-fm-bm-Wv. F{X-sb{X Zriy-Nn{X-fmWv amdn-
amdn a\-n-eqsS IS-p-t]m-Ip-X - v. Hc-\p-`hw Dnepw shfn-
bnepw Htc-t]mse ann-a-dp t]mIm thn-h-cp ka-
b-am-{X-bmWv Ac-s\mSn. Fp ]d-m h-am-\-Im-e-
n am{Xta A\p-`h -
- n\v \ne-\np-q. ASp- - Ww
thsdm-c-\p-`hw h-am-\-Im-e-n-tep ISphcp-p.
Atm sXmp-ap-pm-bn-cp A\p-`hw `qX-Im-e-ns
Klz-cn-tev ]nhm-p-p. Hc-\p-`hw h-am-\-Im-e-
n \ne-\np-tmXs `mhn-bn C\n hcm-\n-cn-
p A\p-`-h-ns km[yX Xm-dm-bn- \nevp-p-v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 86
CXn-s\-sbms \nb-{n-p \nbaw Fm-sWp tNmZn-
m XnIpw At-b-amb Hcp Xe-n- \psS a\-
p-sNv DSn-\npw.
A\p-`-h--fpsS Nm{In-I-amb Cu Ne-\m--I-Xsb Hcp
cY-N-{I-n-t\m-SmWv Kpcp D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. cY-N{Iw Ime-
N{Iw IqSn-bm-Wv. ChnsS temIs (space) Ime-n (time)
\npw `nn-n-m-sX-bmWv Kpcp ]d-bp--Xv. cY-N-{I-ns
Bc-m-ep-Isf Ime-ns am{X-Ifmbn Fp-p. Ac-s\m-
SnbmWv Ime-ns Ghpw sNdnb am{X. Hmtcm Bc-mepw
Acs\mSn `qansb kv]in-p-tm AsXmcp h-am-\-
Im-em-\p-`-h-ambn. Ime-N-{I-K-Xn-bn Hcp Bc-m ]nn
temp Xncn-bp-tm AXp `qX-Im-e-am-bn. hcm-\n-cn-p
Bc-m-ep-I `hn-jy-ns\ kqNn-n-p-p. Hmtcm A\p-`-
hhpw a\-ns aWvUe - - n kvac-Wb - mbn kqn-s - -
Sp-p. C{Xbpw at\m-lc - a
- mb Hcp D]a thsdsb-hn-sSbpw
Is-m Ign-bp-n-. D]-\n-j - p-f - n Nne Ahy
]cm-ai- Ds Imcyw ad-p-n-.
Adn-hn \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu cY-N{- I-ka - m-\a
- mb
Xncn-n-ens\ Bm-hns Xncp-hn-fb - m-a- m-bn-mWv Kpcp hnti-
jn-n-n-cn-p-X - v. A\m-Znbmb Cu Xncp-hn-fb - ms XpS-
hpw HSp-h - p-an-m Ime-N{- I-ns eoem-kz-cp-]s Ipdn-
p-p. {]]w FXv inhs \S-\a - m-sWv ssih kn-
m-n-Ifpw Icp-Xp-p. Cu {]]-\ - S- \
- w- Fp XpSn sbp
Duln-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-. A\m-Zn-bm-sWv \nK-an-mt\
Hq. h-am\w am{Xta \nXy-kX - y-am-bp-q. h-am-\I - m-
e-n \S-p Pohn-Xns Cu \S-t\m--h-n
\appw ]p-tNp \r-am-Sm Ign-bW - w. \psS Ir{Xn-a-
Ku-c-h--fpsS s]m--c- Atm XIp-ho-gpw.
Bm-\p-`hn AXp-sImv \S-\s - s`-ch - \mWv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 87
35
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-Zn-tX-b-scm-mbv
hcp-h-Xp-t]mse hcpw hnth-I-hrn
Adn-hns\ aqSp-a-\n-Xy-am-b-bm-ao
bncp-fn-s\-bos-gp-am-Zn-kq-cy-\-t{X.
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw

BZn-tX-b kqcy-m
Hmbv hcp-h-Xp-t]mse HnpZnm F-Xp-t]mse
hcpw kw`-hn-p--Xm-Wv
hnth-I-hrn B-m\w.
Adn-hns\ aqSpw Adn-hns ]q-Xsb s]mXn-
p-\np
A\n-Xy-am-bbmw \nXy-a-m amb BIp
Cu Ccp-fns\ Cu Am-\-am-Ip Ccp-ns\
Cusgpw ]nfp-amn DZn-p-b-cp
BZn-kq-cy-\t{X BZn-kq-cy-\mWv Bm\w.
B m-\p-`-h-s `mj-bn-eqsS hyh-l-cn-pX-cm Bhp-

I-bn-. hymh-lm-cn-I-`m-j-bn Bm-hn\p Xp-ey-
ambn Hpw-Xs C. Bmhv D]-a-I-Xo-X-am-Wv.
Fnpw Ejn AXns\ ]d-bm-s\m-cp-s-Sp-p. Ejn Ihn-
bm-bn-o-cp-Xv Cu k`-n-em-Wv. aqI-\mb Hcm BZy-
ambn Iw Xnp- I - b m- s W- n I- - ns
am[pcyw ]d--dn-bn-m Ign-bmsX Abm hnn--s-
Spw. aqI-\m-bXp-sImv hmp-I hcn-I-bn-. Abm B\-
m-Xn-tc-I-m \rw Ifn-t-pw. ]e tNjvS-I-fn-eq-
tSbpw I--ns am[pcyw {]I-Sn-n-m {ian-pw.
Fmepw ]d-tb-Xp ]dp F kwXr]vXn Abmp-
Btm]tZiiXIw 88
m-I-W-sa-n-. AtX-t]m-se Hc-h--bmWv Bm-
\n-bp-tS-Xv. AI-]p-d--fn-msX ]c-sm-gp-Ip B\---S-
ens\n kzm\q-`h-Ko-Xn-bn Kpcp Ipdn-n-n-p-v.
Fmepw {io\mcm-bW - K- pcp ChnsS a\p-jy-ta-[sb `mthm-
z-ea - m-p Hcp-Zm-lc - Ww FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p. Bmhv
shfn-a - m-Wv. B shfn- - n-emWv asmw {]Im-in-p-X - v.
kqcy-\p-t]mepw shfnw \evIp shfn--amWv Bm-hv.
kqcy-\mWv `qan-bnse Ghpw {]Im-ia - p shfn-w. Hcp- kq-
cys shfn-w-sIm-p-Xs Cu `qa-WvUe - w apgp-h {]Im-
i-]q-cn-Xa - m-Ip-p. Fm Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw kqcy-m Hn-
p-Zn-p-Ib - m-sW-n Ccp-ns Hcp sNdp-IW - n-Ib -
v p-t]mepw
ChnsS \n- - n-bn-m-Xm-Ipw. ImWp-h - t]mepw {]Im-
i-t[m-c-Wn-I-fn \jvS-s-Spw. Cu D]a Hcp Ap-Xm-Xn-
tcIs {]tZym-Zn-n-p-hm-\mWv Kpcp D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--
Xv. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv B-kq-cy-\p-Zn-m Am-\a - mIp
A-Im-c - n\v \psSbpn \ne-bp-d - n-m Ign-bmsX
t]mIp-X - v. Adn-hns\ aqSn-b ambm-aq-Sp-]Sw Xpcv BZn-a-
amb B-kq-cys {]Imiw shfn-hm-Ip Nn{Xw Imhy-kp-
camWv. Cu AXn`mhp-IX - z-aq-dp Nn{Xw \psS Hmtcm-cp-
-cp-tSbpw Dn Hfn-n-cn-p A\-k - m-[y-XI
- sf Zo-
]vXa- m-m t]mcp-Xm-Wv.
Kpcphns A-cm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv Cu tmI-n-se {- ]-ta-
bw. m\-_p- - m-cpsS AIp {]Im-in-p Cu kqcy-
s\-t-Sn-bmWv hnZq-c - f- n\n-p-t]mepw Pnm-km-ie - `
- -
Kpcp-hn-tev ]d-S- p-p-X - .v Hcp alm-m-hn\v t_mt[m-
Zbw kw`-hnp F-dn-bp-tm kXy-Pn-m-kp-v Hcn-
Sv Ccn-s- m-dp-Xn-bp-m-hp-Ib- n-. B _ps\ Isn
At-l- ns kn[n-bn-tev Pnmkp Fn-s-Sp--
XmWv temIs Ghpw henb B-cyw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 89
36
Adn-hn\p in-b-\--ap-n-sX-m
adp-Xn-bnSmw ka-b-\y-sb-n-hw
Ccp-]n-cn-hm-bnXn-e-\y-km-ay-amp
p-cp-hn-ea- p sXfnpWn-tS-Ww-.
Adn-hn\p tIh-e-amb Adn-hn\v

in A\--apv A\--amb in-I-fp-v.
CsXmw Cu in-I-sf-sbmw
ka A\y Fn-hw ka Fpw A\y Fp-ap-
Ccp-]n-cn-hmbv cp hIp-p-I-fmbn
Adp-Xn-bnSmw Xcw-Xn-cn-p a\-n-em-mw.
CXn A\y Cu ]ncn-hn A\y
km-ay-amp- ka-bpsS sFImyamb
Dcp-hn kzcq-]-n
Aav A\p-`-h-km-bpPyw Isn
sXfnv kwi-b--sfmw ]mtS \on
DWn-tSWw DWn-cn--Ww.
A dn-hns in-I Ah-[n-bn-m-Xm-Wv. Adnhns

km[y-XI -- F{X-am{Xapsv \apv Fn-n--
s-Sp-m-\m-hn-. AXp-sImv Adn-hn\p in A\--ap-
v. Adnhpw inbpw Hcn-epw ]ncn-n-cp-n-n-. Cu
]ncn-hp-I _pn-bpsS {Kl-W-n\p am{X-am-Wv. kXym-
t\z-j-I-\mb HcmfpsS Ah-[m-c-W-n-\mbn ]d-p-sIm-Sp-
pXmWv. Cu in-Iv s]mXpth cp Xcw `m-h-
-fmWpXv. Cs\ hI-Xn-cnp a\-n-em-p-tm ""A\y''
F in On{Z-i-n-bm-Wv. Adnhv F-a \ma-cq-]--
fmbn th]n-cn-bp-Xv A\ybpsS {]_eX hn-n-cn-p-
Btm]tZiiXIw 90
tm-gm-Wv. ""ka'' GIo-I-c-W-i-n-bm-Wv. GIo-I-cWw \S-
Wsa-n ka GI-Xm-\hpw tI{o-I-c-W-kz-`m-h-ap-Xpw
Bbn-cn--Ww. On{Z-in khYm Ie-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-pw.
-a-\-xim-kv{X-n CXns\ negative mind FmWv ]d-bp-
Xv. t_m[-nXs Ccn-p sFIy-s-Sm-\p- Du-
Nm-e-\-am-Wv positive mind.
Cu tm-I-n Kpcp kzoI-cn-n-cn-p kw-I
A\y Fpw ka Fp-am-W.v D]-\n-j - p-If- n Cu cp
kw-I hnZy Fpw AhnZy Fpw ]c Fpw A]c
Fpw hyh-l-cn--s-Sp-p. temI-hp-am-bn XmZm-y-s-n-cn-
p \m\m-Xz-{àw Df-hm-p _pn-bmWv A\y. AXp-
sIm-m-WXv Ie-ln-p-X - .v Fm, B-\n-jT v a
- mb _pn-
bmWv ka. AXv IqSp-X kvt\l-nsbpw Imcp-Wy-n-
sbpw ka-\z-b - n-sbpw hgn-bm-Wv. Cu cp in-Ifpw
Adnpw Adn-bm-tXbpw \-fn-sems {]hn-p-p-
v. ]t, Ch cpw {]mIr-Xn-Ia - mb in-If - m-Wv. AXp-
sImv A\ybpw kabpw _-tl-Xp-Ia - m-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp-
Xv B-km-m-XvIm-c-n-tev AW-b-W-sa-n Hcp
LwIqSn apt-td--Xp-v FmWv .A\ysb kabn
tN-Ww. A\ysb Aap-J-am-n-thWw ka-bn kao-
I-cn-p-hm. kmay-amp- Dcp B-kz-cq]w Xs-bm-
Wv. AXv t_m[-ns A[n-jvTm-\amWv. B A[n-jvTm\w
Adn-hns tIh-eX - b - m-Wv. A\y- kabn Aa-cp-Xn-eqsS
\mw Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXn\mbn \nse XrjvW-I-
sfmw HSp-t--Xm-bn-p-v. At_m-[-n Hfn-p-In-S-
p Ima-t- {Im-[- t- em` t{]c-WI - Fmw HgnpXo-cWw.
Atm Dw sXfn-hp--Xm-bn-o-cpw. B sXfn-abn
Ftmgpw DWn-cn--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 91
37
hnj-a-X-bms-gp-a-\y- sh-p-sImhm
hnj-a-a-J-WvUhn-th-I-i-n-sbty
hnj-asb sh-Xn-\m hnth-I-amIpw
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbm-S-W-n-tS-Ww.
hnj-a-X-bmsgpw A\y A\y F in hnj-a-X-I

Dm-p-X - m-Wv.
shp-sImhm hnjaw CXns\ adn-I-S-p-hm hfsc
{]bm-k-am-Wv.
AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i-n-sbty Fm AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-in
bp-sn km[n-pw.
AXn-\m AXp-sImv
hnj-asb shv A\y-bm-Ip hnj-asb AXn-
hnv
hnth-I-amIpw AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-am-Ip
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbmSv hnj-b-ns ]en-m
B-t_m-[t- mSv
AW-n-tSWw tNn-cp-ntS-Ww.
A \ysb Pbn-p-hm hnj-a-am-Wv. Xn\nv Fm-n-

t\bpw A\y-YmI-cnv Adn-bp--XmWv A\y. Cu
{]]w apgp-h\pw Xn-\nv A-\y-am-sW--dn-bp-tm
Abm-fn Dm-Ip BZys Ah Zmcn{Zy-am-Wv. A-
ns A`mhw am{X-a Zmcn{Zyw. Cmbva a\-ns\ _m[n-
p-Xp-S-p-n-S-p-\n-mWv Zmcn{Zyw XpS-p--Xv. Atm
temIw apgp-h Xt-Xm--W-sa B{K-lw Abmfn P\n-
pw. B{K-l-amWv Abmsf Zcn-{Z-\m-p--Xv. ]ns Abm
temI-Po-hn-X-n \S-p ]cn{ia- apgp-h, Fsm-
s-bmtWm Xn\n-v A-\y-am-bn-cn-p-Xv AXn-s\-
sbmw Xt-Xm-p-Xn-\p-thn-bm-Wv. apgp-h \mK-cn-I-
Btm]tZiiXIw 92
X-bp-tSbpw hnI-k\w A-s\-sbmcp Zmcn-{Zy-n\n-mWv
\S--p--Xv. kpJw Xnc-bp--Xp-t]mepw temI-hn-jb--fn-
em-Wv.- A-Xns ImcWw, BZy-ta-Xs \mw temIs
\n\npw A\y-am-n-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. kmay-`-RvP-\-
n \nmWv A\y-Xz-_pn P\n-p--Xv.
A\y-Xz-ap- _pnsb Pbn-p-hm Htc-sbmcp hgn-tb-bp-
q. Rm ka-t_m-[-n-Xs\-d - n-bp-I. Rm ]q-s\-
dn-bp-I. Rm \mi-an-m-h - s\-dn-bp-I. Cs\ apdn-hn-
msX Xs kmt_m[s Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--
Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUhnthIw Fp ]d-bp-X - .v hnth-tIm-
Zbw Dm-bm hnj-bs - sh-ja - y-n\n-p- apn Xmt\
kw`-hn-p-sIm-pw. sshcmKyw _ew ]nSnp Dm-n-sb-Sp-
tX. kpJ-hk - X
v p-hn-tev a\v N-en-p-t]m-Ip-Xv
kzm`m-hn-Ia- m-W.v Fm hnthIw Dm-Ip-tm Fm kpJ-
-fp-tS-bpw \ntI-X\w Bm-hp-Xs - -bm-sWv Ah Adn-
bp-p. Atm kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-bn-Xs Ah hnj-bh - n-tcm-
[n-\nbmbn `hn-p-p. hntcm-[a - n-m hntcm[n\n Fp a\-
n-em-W - w. hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n\n Bssa{Xn-X-sbm-Wv.
kv{Xoenw-K-n-emWv hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n F ]Zw Kpcp
{]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. ambm-in Fpw kvss{XW-am-Wv.
A\ybpw kabpw ambm-i-n-I-fm-Wv. AXn ka Bm-
hn-tep tNp in-bm-Wv. hnj-asb Pbn-p-Xv
Pohn-X-ns hnPbw IqSn-bm-sWv Hm-Ww. Xo{h-kw-
th-K-ap--hv hnPbw Bk--am-bn-cn-p-sav ]X-RvPen
aljn ]d-bp-p. AXn\v hnth-Im-`y-k\w XS--an-msX
sImp-t]m-tI--Xp-v. h-tmgpw am{Xw hnNmcw sNbvXm
B-km-m-Xvmcw e`n-p-I-bn-. AJ-WvU-hn-thIw
thWw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 93
38
]e-hn-[-am-b-dn-bp--X-\y-sbm-mbv
hne-kp-hXmw ka-sbp taen-temXpw
\ne-sb-b-dnp \nhp kmay-taepw
Ie-bn-e-enp Ien-cp-n-tS-Ww.
]e hn[-ambv Adn-bp-Xv Bm-hns\ ]e-Xmbn Adn-bp-Xv

A\y A\y-bm-Wv.
Hmbv hne-kp-hXmw kI-e-Xn-t\bpw Hmbn Adn-bp-Xv
ka ka-bmWv
Fv taen--temXpw CXns ASn-m-\-n C\n
hni-Zo-I-cn-m t]mIp
\nesb Adnv Xs \ne GsXp a\-n-emn
\nhv t_m[s A\y-bpsS ]nSn-bnpw
]mtS hnSp-hnv
kmay-taepw Ie-bn A[n-jvTm-\-amb \Sp-\n-e-bn
Aenv kzbw Aen-p-tNv
Ien-cp-n-tSWw B A\p-`q-Xn-bn Ftmgpw
Pohn-p-sIm-Ww.
\y Fm-sWpw ka Fm-sWpw \nhNn-p--

A XmWv Cu ]Zyw. Adnhv \m\m-Xz-n-tepw GI-Xz-
n-tepw Nen-p kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX - m-W.v Adn-hns
Cu KXo-bX - sb (dynamism) Hcp DZm-lc - W
- - n-eqsS a\-n-
em-mw. kqcy-civansb Hcp {]nkneqsS IS-n-hn-Sp-Ib - m-
sW-n AXv hb-e-v, CUn-tKm, q, {Ko, sbtm,
Hmdv, sdUv Fo k]vXh - -fn NnX-dn-n-cn-bp-Xp
ImWmw. Fm k - q-cy-ci v n-Isf Hcp ImN-n-eqsS (lens)
- a
IS-n-hn-m AsXmcp _np-hn hp tI{o-Ic - n-pXpw
ImWmw. {]Imiw ]ncn-p-\n-evp-tm AXns in
Btm]tZiiXIw 94
Ipd-bp--Ibpw ImN-n-epsS tI{o-Ic - n-s- -Sp-tm AtX
{]Im-iw-Xs GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-t\bpw Nps-cn-m
t]mcp in Bn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Adnhv Bm-
hn-tep tI{o-I-cn-p--Xns\ ka Fpw hnj-b--
fntep NnX-dp-X - ns\ A\y Fpw a\-n-em-W - w. tI{o-
I-cn-Wsa-n Aap-Ja - m-IW- w. hnj-b - f - n imiz-X-
ambn tI{o-Ic - n-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-. hnj-b - _lp-e - -
fm-Wv. Adnhv _lnap-Ja - m-Ip-tm ]e hnj-b - f
- n-tev
NnX-dn-tm-Im-\p km[y-Xbpw IqSp-Xe - m-Wv. Adnhv tI{o-
I-cn-p-tm [ym\hpw hntI-{o-Icn-p-tm t`mKhpw
Bbn-am-dp-p. [ym\w hynsb Pohap-\ - m-p-p.
]mm-Xy-Nn-I - f- n tIp-t]m-cp hnt-jWw (analy-
sis) Adn-hns A\y F Xe-hp-ambn _-s-Xm-Wv.
Fm kwt-jWw (synthesis) Adn-hns ka F in-
bneqsSbm-Wv. Ch cn GsX-nepw Hn\p {]m[m\yw
sImSp-p-sIm-p- Hcp Pohn-Xh - o-W- s
- -b Kpcp hnI-
kn-n-s-Sp-p-X - v. Chbvp cn\pw Ah-bp-tS-Xmb kmwK-
Xy-ap-.v {]k-nbp-.v kasb D]-tbm-Kn-t-n-Sv kasb
D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw A\ysb D]-tbm-Kn-t-n-Sv A\ysb
D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw Adn-bp-h - \ - mWv tbmKn. As\ cp
{[ph-t- fbpw Ipi-eX - t- bm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-W - s
- a-n \mw
\psS Dsb Hcp \Sp-\n-eb - n \ndpt-Xp-v. AXn\p
\nesb AdnbWw. Bm-hp-Xs - -bmWv Hcp-hs bYm
\ne. Bm-hn \ne-bp-d - n-p-tm PohnXw GI-Xm-\hpw
ka-\zn-Xh - p-am-Ip-p. a\-ns sIp-]m-Snp tamN-\a - mWv
\nh-c. \Sp-\n-eb - mWv kmay-taepw Ie. B Ie-bn Aen-
p-tNv AXm-bn-Xs - -bn-cn-W - w. ChnsS Zzzm-Xo-X\- m-
bn-ocp tbmKn IXr-Xz--m-Xr-Xzt`mrXz tZmj-
-fn\n-smw hnap--\m-bn-cn-pw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 95
39
Acp-fnb in-IsfpSp cmw
]ncn-hn-h-bn ka-Xhn-ti-j-taIw
hncXn hcm hnj-am-hn-ti-j-sam-n
c-anh cp Xc-n-em-bn-Spp.
Acp-fnb apI-fn ]d
in-Isf XpSv cp in-Isf Xp-Sphcp
cmw ]ncnhv cp ]ncn-h-p-IIqSn Dv.
Ch-bn Cu ]ncn-hp-I-fn
ka-X hntijw ka-bpsS hnti-jw
GIw GI-am-Wv.
hncXn hcm F-a
hnj-am-hn-tijw A\y-bpsS hnti-jfmWvv
Hv thsdmv.
Ccw Cs\
cp Xc-n cp Xc-n-emWv
Ch ]ncn-hp-I
Bbn-Spp Bbn-cn-p--Xv.
k a F in-sb-p-dnpw A\y F in-sb-p-

dnpw Hcp G-It- Z-i- hn-hc
eqsS \In-g
- Ww Ign aqp ]Zy-f
- n-p. Ign ]Zy-n ka-tbbpw A\y-
- n-
tbbpw \n-h-Nn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Ahn-tSbpw Adn-hn-s\-p-

dn-p ]cym-temN\ Ah-km-\n-p-n-. Ipd-p-IqSn hym]vXn-
bn Adn-hns Cu in-Isfpdnv a\-n-em-t-X - p-.v
kabvpw A\ybvpw kmam-\yw (generic) hnti-jw (specific)
F Xc-n hopw Hcp D]-hn-`P - \w Bh-iy-ambn hn-cn-
p-p. kmam\yw Fm Fm-n-t\bpw Hn-s-Spv ]d-
bp--Xn-s\-bmWv. hnti-jw- F-m AXn- G-sX-nepw
Hns\ {]tXy-In-s-Spp ]d-bp-X - n-s\-bm-W.v hmg FXv
Btm]tZiiXIw 96
Hcp kmam-\y-]Z- a- m-W.v ]qhhm-g, IZ-fn-hm-g, Ihmg Fnh
hnti-j-]-Z--fm-Wv. \nc- h [n hnti-j- tNmWv
kmam\yw Dm-Ip-X - .v Fm Nne-tm kmam\yhpw hnti-
j-am-bn-o-cm\nS-bp-.v hrw F kmam-\ys FSp-p-I-
bm-sW-n At\-Ih - r- - f
- n HmWv hmg. Atm hmg
hnti-ja - mbnocp-p. Fm kmam-\yfpsSbpw kam-\m-[n-
I-cW
- a- m-bn-cn-p (common basis) HmWv Adnhv. Atm
kasb- kmam-\y-kahntijka Fpw A\y-sb-Xs
kmam\y A\yhntij- A\y Fpw ]ncn-p-]d - t- b-n-hc
- pw.
kabvv Htcsbmcp hnti-j-ta-bp-q. ka Bm-hm-Wv.
Bm-hn\v At\-IX - b- n-. CXv Bm-hm-Wv, CXv Adn-hmWv
F hmIy-n CXv kmam-\yhpw Bmhv As-n
Adnhv hnti-j-hp-am-Wv. Fm hn+ka-bmb A\ybpsS
hnti-j- hncXn hcm-X - m-Wv, hncm-aa
- n-m-X
- m-Wv. {]]-
-nse \ma-cq-]--fpsS _mlp-eyw-t]m-se-Xs A\y-
bpsS hnti-j-i-n-Ifpw s]cp-In-s-cpIn hcpw. Hcp sNdnb
IoSs FSpp ]cn-tim-[n-m {ian-mXs \nc-h[n
Bhm-c - h
- n-`m-K
- f
- n-tep \psS khn-tij{i ]Sp
]-en-p-Xp ImWmw. B[p-\n-Ii - m-kv{X-n\v C{X-am{Xw
imJm-Nw-{I-a-W-{]-h-WX ssIh-Xv hnj-a-bmb Adn-hns
hnti-j-v hncm-a-an-m--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. AXp-sIm-
mWv B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-n\v Adn-hns Imcy-n Hcp
Xon Fm Ign-bm--Xv. ka-bpsS hiv At\z-j-
W-n\v Xop-v. ka-bpsS hntijw GI-am-b-Xp-sImv
]c-a-km-m-Xvm-c-n \app ]qX e`n-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 97
40
ka-bnepa\y-bnepw kZm]n hn
a-cp-h-Xp--X-Xn hnti-j-in
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-ep-amsI cn-h-n
{à-I-e-bm-e-Jnew {]ta-b-am-Ipw.
ka-bnepw A\y-bnepw kao-I-cn-p Adn-hnepw A\y-

Ym-I-cn-p Adn-hnepw
kZm]n Fmbvtmgpw
AX-Xn hnti-j-in kabvv ka-bpsS hnti-j-
i-nbpw A\ybvv A\y-bpsS
hnti-j-i-nbpw
hnv Aa-cp-h-Xp-v HptNp \nm-dp-v.
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-epw hnti-ji - - n-I Fn-bm-sem-Sp-
m-h - b- m-sW-nepw
BsI cn-h-n BsI-IqSn t\m-n-bm Cu
cp ]ncn-hp-Ifp-tSbpw
{`-a-I-e-bm {ZpX-N-e\w Imc-W-amWv
AJn-ew kIe temIhpw
{]ta-b-am-Ipw Adn-hn\p hnj-bo-`-hnp-Xv.
H cp hkvXp-hn-s\-p-dnp kmam-\y-ambpw hnti-j-ambpw

\ap--dn-bm Ign-bpw. kmam-\y-m-\-n Hcp GI-
tZ-i-[m-c-Wtb Inp-I-bp-q. hnti-j-m-\-n hkvXp-
hns\ kw_-n IrXy-amb Adn-hp-I e`n-p-p. Hcm
\tmSv sNSn In-ptm Fp tNmZn-p-I-bm-sW-n
\mw DS-s\-Xs Hcp adp-tNmZyw Atmp tNmZn-pw: ""GXp
sNSn?'' sNSn Hcp kmam-\y-m-\a - m-Wv. B kmam-\y-n
At\Iw hnti-j\ - m-a
- D-S
- n-bn-cn-p-p-v. Atm
kqcy-Im-n-sSn In-ptm? Fp {]tXy-In-s-Spp
tNmZnm Abmv a\-n-em-Ipw. IrXy-amb Adnhv Abm
Btm]tZiiXIw 98
v e`n-p-p. CXp-t]mse Hcp Ipp hfp-hc- p-tm
temIs kw_-n hnti-jm-\p`hsf kzmb-a - m-p-
hmthn-bmWv A-t\mSpw A-tbmSpw tNmZy- tNmZn-
p-X
- v. Hmtcm tNmZyhpw kmam-\y-n\npw hnti-j
s Is-m-\p At\z-j-W-am-Wv.
ka F Adn-hnepw A\y F Adn-hnepw Cs\
kmam\yw Fpw hntijw Fpw D cp ]ncn-hp-Isfn
Ign ]Zy-n kqNn-n-p-htm. hnti-j-i-n-I
Ftmgpw kmam-\y-tmSptNv hn-m-dp-v. Fn-bm-
semSp-m Xc-n-ep- hnti-j -- f
- mWv Hmtcm hkvXp-
m-\nepw Ccn-p-X - v. Hcp ]qjv]s-Xs - ]cn-tim-
[\bvv FSpp-t\m-p-tm Hcm-bncw tNmZy- B
]pjv]s kw_-np \ap--dn-bm B{K-l-ap-m-Ipw.
]qhns \ndw, aWw, BIr-Xn, PmXn F{X-Imew B ]qhv
Pohn-pw? AsX-s - \-bmWv ]cm-KWw \S-p-X - ?v Cs\
XpS-p tNmZy- Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m--Xm-Wv. kmam-
\y-n\pw hnti-j - n\pw CS-bn Adnhv Gdn-am-dn-n-cn-bp-
p-v. \mw AX-dn-bm-dn-sp am{Xw. Hcp hv Nnd-IS- n-p-
-Xn-t\-m {ZpX-KX - n-bn-emWv Adn-hns Cu {]{Inb \S-
p-X - v. Adn-hn \S-p `m\-hrn apJm-c-amWv temI-
n-ep-sXmw \apv {Kmly-am-bn-o-cp-X - v. {]am-Xmhv,
{]tabw, {]a Ch aqpw tNmWv hnj-b - m-\- nse
{Xn]p-Sn-I cq]-s-Sp-X - v. {Xn]p-So-m\w {à-am-Wv, Ab-
Ym-am-Wv. ASp cp tmI-n Cmcyw DZm-lc - -
W-kl - nXw Kpcp hy-am-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 99
41
"CXp IpS'sa--Xn-em-Zy-am"an-sX'-p
Xp hnjam "IpS'tam hnti-j-am-Ipw
aXn apX-emb atl-{-Pm-e-ap-m
hXn-\n-Xp-Xm Icp-shp In-tS-Ww.
CXp IpSw F-Xn CXp IpSamIpp F hmIy-n

BZy-amw BZyw ]d
"CXv' Fp--Xv CXv F kh-\maw Dt-in-p-Xv
hnj-am A\y-bpsS kmam-\ys-bmWv.
IpS-tam IpSw F hmp-sImv
Aam-p-Xv
hnti-j-am-Ipw A\y-bpsS hnti-jsbm-Wv..
aXn apX-em-b _qn apX-emb -hr-n-I-fpsS
atl-{-Pm-ew C{-Pmew t]msebp- {]Xo-Xn-I
Dm-h-Xn-\v Dm-Ip--Xn-\v
CXp Xm "CXv' F A\y-bpsS kmam-\y-
in-bmWv
Icp-sh-v Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fv
In-tS-Ww a\-n-em-n-sm--Ww.
C Xp-hsc ]d A\y-bpsS kmam-\ywhntijw F

Xc-n-ep- {]h-\s \psS \nXy-Po-hn-X-
n A\p-`-h-s-Sp Hcp ZrjvSm--n-eqsS Kpcp hy-
am-n--cn-I-bm-Wv. CXp IpSw, CXp ]Sw Fsms \mw
]d-bm-dp--tm. Cu hmIys \mw icn-bmbn A]-{K-Ynp
t\mn-bn-ptm? ""CXv'' Hcp \nt-i-I-kh-\m-a-am-Wv.
Fn-t\tbm \nt-in-p-I-bmWv ""CXv'' F ]Zw-sImv
sNp--Xv. Hcm \n-tfmSv ""CXv'' F hmp ]dp
\ndpp-I-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS Dn Hcp BImw
Btm]tZiiXIw 100
apn-\np-p-m-bn-cn-pw. B BImw-bvv ia\w hcp-
-Ww. AXp tNmZy-ambn ]pd-p-h-cpw. \mw tNmZnpw:
"CXv FmWv?' CXv F kmam-\y-m-\-n F-a
hnti- j - m- \ D- S - n- b n- c n- p- p- v . kmam\y-
m\w Ahy-a - m-Wv. hnti-j - m\w hy-am-Wv. kmam-
\y-m\w kqtcym-Z-b-n\p app {]`mXw t]mse-bm-
Wv. Zriy- Hp-wXs hy-ambn ImWp-I-bn-. Zriy-
Ccp-n-em-b-Xp-sImv Zriy- C Fp ]d-bm-\m-
hn-. hy-am-bn-n Ft ]d-bm-s\m-q. kqcy-\p-Zn-m
Zriy- hy-am-Ipw.
""CXv'' FXv Hcp Ahy-X - b- m-Wv. CXp IpS-am-Imw.
CXp aT-am-Imw, CXp ]S-am-Imw, CXp ]pm-Imw, CXp ae-
bmImw...... Cs\ CXv F kmam-\y-n\nv F-a
hnti-j - m-\ - Dm-Imw. t_m[-n-emWv kv]jvSo-I-
cWw \S-t-X - v. Ipp-f - n \mw Cu kv]jvSo-Ic - W
- -
amWv Dm-n-sm-Sp-p-X - v. CXv F kmam-\y-t_m[w
temI-nse kI-e- \ma-cq-]--tfbpw K`w [cn-phncn-
p-p-v. Atm CXv Fp ]d-bp-Xv kh-n\pw Pw
sImSp-p P\-\n-bm-Wv. a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw
Cu A-c - W
- h - r-n-Ismw Icp-hm-bn-cn-p-Xpw CXv
B-Wv. A-c - W- - f
- n A\p-`h - c- q-]
- n sXfn-bp \ma-
cq-]
- s - fmw ambm-hy-hl - n-X- f - m-Wv. Ah-bpsS bmYmyw
XXvme-tbvv am{Xta Dq. hyh-lm-cZ- i - b
- n {]]w
Dsp tXmpw. kz]v\-ns anYymXzw DdapW-cp-
tm t_m[y- s - S p- - X p- t ]mse m\w hcp- t m
m\nv {]]-hpw C{-Pm-ek - a - m-\a
- m-sWv t_m[y-s-
Spw. Cmcyw hfsc kqva-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\-n-em-t
XmWv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 101
42
"CZ-ad- n'sh-X- n-em-Zy-am-"an-sX'p
Xp kaXs hnti-ja- mWp t_m[w
aXn apX-em-bh - s- bms amdn ta kZv
KXn hcp-hm-\n-Xn-s\-`P - n-n-tSWw.
CZw Adnhv F-Xn CXv Adn-hmWv F hmIy-n

BZy-amw CZw F-Xp-sIm--am-p-Xv
ka ka-bpsS kmam-\y-i - n-sbbmWv.
Xs kmam-\y-i-n-bmb ka-bpsS
hnti-ja- mWv hnti-j - m-\a- mWv
t_m[w t_m[w Fp-Xv.
aXn- ap-X-em-b-h-sbms Ac-Whrn-Is- fms
amdn Cm-Xmbn
ta Fm-n\pw D]-cnbp
kZvKXn hcp-hm Bkmm-Xvmcw hcp-hm
CXns\ ka- F Adn-hns\
`Pn-n-tS-Ww CS-hn-SmsX [ym\n-Ww.
Cu tmI-n ka F Adn-hns insb DZm-l-

c-W-k-lnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. "CXv Adnhv'
F hmIy-n CXv F kmam-\yhpw Adnhv F hnti-
jhpw tNn-cn-p-p. Ign DZm-l-cWwt]mse s]s
p a\-n-em-m Ign-bp Hcp DZm-lc- W
- a
- CXv. ImcWw
[ym\m--I-amb a\-p-sImp am{Xta Cu hmIy-ns
As AXns kv]jvS-amb A-n {Kln-p-
hm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Hmbn Adn-bp--XmWv ka. A-s\-bm-sW-n
ChnsS ]d-bp Adnhv Ht-bp-q. Rms\mcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWpp, i_vZs tIpp, aWs {Lm-Wn-p-p,
Btm]tZiiXIw 102
cks cpNn-p-p, kv]is A\p-`h - n-pp. Ch-sbm
s Adn-hp-I-fm-Wv. Rm Hcp tdm-km-]qhns\ ImWpp
F hmIy-n Rm ImWp-h - , ImWsSp hkvXp-
hmb tdmkm-]pjv]w, Fsbpw tdmkm-]p-jv]-tbpw
tNp ImW- F {Inb C{Xbpw Imcy-sf hyh-
t-Zndn-bp-hm Ign-b-Ww. Atm ImW, tI,
kv]in-, cpNn, Nnn- Chsbmw Adn-hns -
{- In-bmt`-Z
- f
- m-Wv. Ic-Wt- `-Z
- f
- mWv {In-bm-t`-Z
- f
- mbn hcp-
-Xv.
CXnse Adn-hns\ am{Xw \ GI-ambn Adn-b-Ww.
Htc-sbmcp Adn-hmWv ImgvN-bmbpw kv]i-ambpw Hs
hcp--Xv. C{n-b-hy-Xym-k-amWv Adn-hns\ \m\m-Xz-ap--Xm-
n-op--Xv. Adn-hns sFIys hnti-jn-s-Spv
a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-n _pn-bn kw`-hn-p-
sIm-n-cn-p {àm--IX ]mtS \ontm-Ipw. ka kao-
I-cn-p in-bm-Wv. inYn-e-i-n-bmb A\y-bn\npw
]pd-p-I-S-m kasb kam-{i-bn--Ww. A\y-bn\npw
]nSn-hn-Sp-hn-m-\p Bm-hns Ir]m-i-n-X-s-bmWv
ka. ZuXyw \nh-ln-p-I-gn-m ka Bm-hnXs
HSppw. Amhv am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-pw. NnZvkz-cq-]-amb
Adn-hn nX-{]-X ssIh-cpw. AXp-sImv Ftmgpw
F-dn-bp-tmgpw CX-dnhv...CX-dn-hv...CX-dnhv... Fv `Pn-p-
sIm-n-cn--Ww. Fmw Adnhp am{Xw. Adn-hn \n-\y-
ambn Hp-an-. Atm \appw kZvKXn hcpw. kZvKXn
tam-am-Wv. ZpxJ-n\npw _-\-n\n-p-ap
tamw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 103
43
{]IrXn ]nSnp Npg-nSpw {]Imcw
kpIr-Xn-It]mepatlm! Npg-n-Sp-p!
hnIrXn hnSp--Xn-\mbn the sNbvho
eIrXn êm-{K-l-a--dn-n-tS-Ww.
{]IrXn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
]nSn-pNpg-nSpw {]Imcw i-amb Npgn-bns]p Itc-dm-
\m-ImsX
kpIr-Xn-It]mepw km-k - m-cn-It]mepw
Atlm! Npg-n-Sp-p! \neInmsX \wXncn-bpXv
B-cyw-Xs!
hnIrXn hnSp--Xn-\mbv I-_w hnp-In-p--Xn-\mbv
the sNbvhoe AIrXn \njv{In-b-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Xtam-
Kp-Wh
- n-\n-bmb AIr-Xn-bm-Wv.
êm-{K-l-av hnln-X-I- ^te--Iq-
SmsX sNpIbpw
Adn-n-tSWw kmn-cq-]-n hn-
pIbpw thWw.
{] Ir-Xnsb \mw hyh-lmc-`m-j-bn ]d-bm-dp- A-

n-e a\-n-em-t--Xv. {]m]-n-I-k--bn \S-
p Fm {Inb-I-fp-tSbpw Npm ]nSn-p-Xv {]Ir-Xn-
bm-Wv. AsXmcp \nb-a-amWv. B \nb-as ewLn-p-hm
Ignbp-I-bn-. ewLn-m Cc-n-i-n-tbmsS AXp Xncn--
Sn-pw. {]IrXn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw hyXy-kvX-am-sW-nepw
Fm- n- t \bpw Hcp hyh- - b n sImp- h - c p kma-
RvPkyw {]Ir-Xn-bn BIth DWp hn-p-p-v.
B hyh-bvv [w FmWv ]d-bp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bn
Xs-bp- cp-Xc - w ]nSn-he
- n-If
- p-v. Hv NnX-dn-s-dn-p-
t]m-Ip in. B i-n-bp-ambn XmZm-y-sv a\p-jy-\S- -
-ap-ff Fm Pohn-Ifpw he-bp-Ib - mWv sNp-X - v. Fm
Btm]tZiiXIw 104
[-ns am-n-eqsS [n-sb Adn-psIm-p
GIm--I-amb Hcp bm\-ap-v. AXp Pohn-Xs DZm-o-I-
cn-p--Xm-Wv. B hgn-b-neqsS kcn-p-tmgpw hopw
\s On{Z-i-n-I Bt-jn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AXmWv
hnIrXn. hnIr-Xn-bpsS ]nSn-bns]-m AXn\n-pw Ducn-
tm-cm \njv{In-bX- ztam Ae-kX- tbm Ah-ew-_n-p-Ib
-
th-Xv. \njvIm-a-amb I-hym-]m-c-amWv th-Xv.
Nnev Fs-nepw ZpxJ-ap-m-hp-Ib - m-sW-n Ah
ivaim-\s - sh-cm-Kn-Is
- f-tmse Hpw sNmsX Hcn-Sp NS-
p-IqSn Ccn-pw. \njv{In-bXzw ]men-X - p-sImv Ah-cpsS
ZpxJw Xocp-n-. imco-cn-I-am-b \njv{In-bXzwsImv am\-
kn-Ia- mbn Ahv hnIr-Xn-bn\npw hnp-t]m-cm Ignbmdn-
. Hpw sNm-Xn-cnp-Xv AIr-Xn-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse
\nb- a - Fm Pohn- I fpw A\p- k - m\w sN- W w.
AXn\n-pw Hgnp-am-dm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. Zmln-p-h-
shw IpSn- - W w. hni- p- - h Aw Ign- - W w.
CsXmw Bh-iy-f - mWv. Pohn-p Pohn-Ismw Cu
Bh-iy- \nd-th-dp-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-thn Iw
sN-Ww. I- Rm sNpp F `mhw ]mSn-.
I-s - fmw {]Ir-Xn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. Rm\mWv Iw sNp-
-sXp `mhn-p-I-bm-sW-n I--fpsS ê-n
F\nv Imw-bpw kwKhpw Dm-Ipw. AXp _-\a - m-Wv.
kpIr-Xn-It]mepw _-\-n\v ASn-s-Sp-p. \
I- sNp--h-cmWv kpIr-Xn-I. \n[-\-\\v hoSp-
m-n-sm-Sp-p-Xv \-bm-Wv. ]t "Rm' hoSp-mn
Zm\w \In F Nn \s _n-pw. AXp-sImv
{]Ir-Xn-bn\npw tamNn-Xcm-Im B{K-ln-p--h \
I-f - psS IXr-Xz-n\npw tamNn-Xc
- m-IW
- w. Fnp
^te--bn-msX Iw sN-Ww. Atm {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
Iw hyn-bn-eqsS \nd-th-dsSp-p. \mw I-s
mw kmn-bm-bn- hn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Btm]tZiiXIw 105
44
]e-a-X-km-c-hp-ta-I-sap ]mcm
Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e--sc--t]mse
]e-hn-[-bpn ]dp ]ma-c-m
ce-hXp I-e-bm-X-an-tS-Ww.
]e-a-X-km-chpw ]eXmb- hyh-m-]nXa-X--fp-

sSsbmw kmcw
GIw Hp-Xs- -bmWv.
Fv ]mcmsX CXp a\-n-em-msX
De-In temI-n
Hcm-\-bn Hcp B\sbn
A-sc--t]mse A-m Xn-p--Xp-t]mse-
]e-hn-[-bpn ]dv ]e-am-Xn-cn-bp- hmZ- D-bnv
]ma-c-m Adn-hn-m P\w
Ae-hXp Iv ey-t_m-[-an-msX Npn-n-cn-
bp--Xp-I-v
Ae-bmsX \mw Ah-sc-tmse Ae-bmsX
Aan-tSWw B-t_m-[-ns hy-X-bn
\ne-sIm-n-tS-Ww.
F {X-sb{X aX--fmWv Cu `qap-J-p--Xv. t]sc-Spp

]d-bm-hp {]kn--amb aX-hn-`m-K- {InkvXp-a-Xw,
Cmw-a-Xw, lnp-a-Xw, PqX-a-Xw, _p-a-Xw, ssP\-a-Xw,
knp-a-Xw, jntm-a-Xw, Xmthm-a-Xw, I^yq-jnb aXw,
]mkn-aXw Ch-sb-m-am-Wv. Ch IqSm-sX-Xs [mcmfw
Ahm--c-a-X-hn`m-K--fp-v. Cu aX--sfms Fn-\p-th-
n-bmWv ChnsS kwm-]n-Xa - m-bn-p-Xv? kam-[m-\
- n\p
thn-bm-Wv. Fm aX-fpw aptmp hbvp eyw
HpXs-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c Ht-bp-q As-n kXyw
Ht-bpq Fv Fm-hcpw ]d-bp-p. AtXm-sSm-w-Xs
Btm]tZiiXIw 106
aX-ns NqSp-Ipw A\p-jvTm-\-pw BNm-c-
pw {]Xy-n-ep- hyXym-k - Ip-t]m-cp-p-
apv. AXp-sImv kmam-\y-P\w A-em-n-em-bn-cn-p-Ib - m-
Wv. AXp Xom-\mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-X
- ,v ]e-aX
- k
- m-chpw GIw
Fv. Fm aX-f - ptSbpw kmcw HmsW-v.
GsXmcp ey-n-te-mtWm aXw Dup--Xv, B
eyw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. AXmWv aX-ns kmcw. Fm
\Zn-Ifpw IS-enX-s-bmWv sNptNcp--Xv. GXp hgn-I-
fn-eqsS k-cn-mepw Ah-km\w Cuiz-c-\nemWv \apv
ebnt-Xv. ]t, a\p-jycmin CX-dn-bm-dn-. B\sb
ImWmt]mb Ipcp-S-m-sc-tm-se-bmWv Chn-sS-bp- Bfp-
I kwkm-cn-p--Xv. Hcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ Nqep-
t]m-se-bm-sW-v. thsdmcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ ]\--
Sn-t]mse-bm-sW-v. C\n-sbmcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ apdw-
t]m-se-bm-sW-v. Ipcp-S\v B\sb ImWm Ign-bn--tm?
Ah B\-bpsS Hmtcm Ah-b-h-s-bmWv ]nSn-p-t\m-nb-
Xv. Ah Fn-t \nK-a\ - amWv Ah ]d-bp-X - v. Fm
B\-sb Pohnsb apgp-h\ - mbpw Ahp ImWm Ign-
bn-. AXp-sImv Hmtcmtcm bpn-I ]dv Ah Xn-
p-p.
aX--fpsS Imcy-nepw Cu amXncn X- \S-
p-Xv \ tIp-t]m-cm-dp-X - m-Wv. Bbncw hj-an-cpp
Xn-mepw Hcp ]cn-lm-chpw Cu Xmn-I-mn-S-bn
Dm-Ip-hm- t]mIp-n-. A\p-`-h-m am{Xta X-
Ah-km-\n-p-I-bp-q. \mw AXp-sImv X-samw
Ah-km-\n-nv aX-ns kmcw A-cm-m-hn A\p-`-
hn-d
- n-bW
- w. AXp imn-bm-Wv.... AXv kam-[m-\a - m-Wv... AXv
]q-Xb - m-Wv...-AXv kvt\l-am-Wv... AXv B\-a
- m-Wv.... AXv
kzmX-{y-am-Wv... AXv kmtlm-Z-cy-am-Wv....
Btm]tZiiXIw 107
45
Hcp aX-a-\y\p \ny-sam-n-temXpw
Icp-h-]-cs IW-n-\q-\-amIpw
[c-bn-enXns cl-ky-sam-p-Xm-s\
dn-h-fhpw {à-sa--dn-n-tS-Ww.
Hcp aXw A\y\p\nyw Hcp aX-hn-izm-knv thsdmcp aX

hnizm-ks \ny-ambn tXmp-p.
Hn-temXpw Icp Hcp aX-n ]dbp kXyw
A]-cs IW-n\v asmcp aX-hn-izm-kn-bpsS ho-
W-n
Du\-amIpw hnI-e-am-Wv.
[c-bn temI-n
CXns clkyw aX--fp-sS-sbmw kmc-am-bn-cn-
p clkyw
Hp-Xm Hp-Xs- -bm-Wv.
F Adn-h-fhpw Cmcyw Adn-bp--Xp-hsc,
{àw kzaX-hn-izmkhpw CX-c-a-X-\n-bpw
shdpw Nn-{àw am{X-am-bn-cn-pw.
Fv Adn-n-tSWw CXn- t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cn--Ww.
F m aX-f
p-hb
- p-tSbpw kmcw GI-am-sW-mWv Kpcp aptm-
- vp aX-Zi-\ - ns A-m-cw. CXp ]d-bp-
tmgpw ChnsS \ne-hn-en-cn-p aX-hy-h-lm-c-sf Kpcp
IW-n-se-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-n-. Hcp aX-hn-izm-knv thsdmcp
aX-hn-izm-knsb ]p-am-Wv. Xs hnizm-k-amWv icn, A]-
cs hnizmkw sXmWv Fsmcp [mc-Wb - mWv Fm aX-
I-el-
- pw bp-pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-p-X- v. thsdm-
cp-hs aX-hnizm-k - n Ak-ln-jW v pX ]pep at\m-
`mhw Bim-ky-a - . {InkvXp-aX
-
- n kz-\ - mb ]nXm-
hn-s\-bmWv kth-iz-c-\mbn ImWp--Xv. Cmw-a-X-n
Btm]tZiiXIw 108
Am-lp-hn-t\bpw PqX-aX - - n btlm-ht- bbpw ]c-tam-
X-\mb \mY-\mbn {]Ion-p-p. `mc-X - n inh-t\bpw
hnjvWp-hn-t\bpw tZhn-tbbpw ]qPn-p- aX-hn-izmkfpv.
Chv ]c-kv]cw tNp Pohn-m Ftm Hcp {]bm-
kw-t]m-se-bmWv. Cmw-aX - - m-c akvPn-Znt]mbn \nkvI-
cn-p-p. {InkvXym\n ]n-bn t]mbn Ip_m\ \S-p-
p. lnphmIs t{X-n t]mbn {]mn-p-Ibpw
]qP-I \S-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu _mly-amb Pohn-X-{I-as aXambn sXn--cn-p-
t]m-cp Hcp P\X hfsc Ak-ln-jvWp-Xm-]qhw CX-c-a-
X-s Pohn-X-{I-a--tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-p ImgvN-bmWv
\mw ChnsS ImWp--Xv. Cu tmI-n a\p-jy-a-\-ns
Ielkz`m-hs FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-I-bmWv Kpcp sNp--
Xv. aX--fp-sS-sbmw kmcw H-msW clkyw Adn-bp-
-Xp-hsc a\p-jy Imn-q-p Cu tIm{]m-b--sfmw
shdpw {`mm-sWv Xncn--dn-tb--Xm-bn-p-v. aX-c-lkyw
Adn-bp Hcm Hcp {kjvSm-hns Fm krjvSn-I-tfbpw
ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS ImWpw. Ah-tbmSv kvt\l-tm-tSbpw
lrZ-bm-\p-`mh-tm-tSbpw s]cp-am-dpw.
aX--fpsS sFIyw Zmi-\n-I-am-Wv. tIhew hnizm-k-
n am{Xw A[n-jvTn-X-a-. hnizm-k--fn Adn-hn-m-
bvabpw auVy-hp-ap-v. ]e-tmgpw m]n-X-XmXv-]-cy-ap
aX-kw-LS- \
- I
- aXm-\p-bm-bn-If
- n am-cn-IX \ne-\nn-
sm-p-t]m-Im t_m[-]qhw A-amb hnizm-ks
hfm {ian-pw. hnizm-k-n\npw hnth-I-n-
tepw m\-n-tepw hyn hf-tc-p--Xns Bh-
iy-I-X-sb-bmWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. aX-n\npw a\p-
jy-Xzhpw Poh-Im-cp-Wyhpw Hcn-epw \jvS-s-p-t]m-Im
]mSn-. aX-`n--X-I s]cp-Ip-Xv aX-km-c-n-ep A\-
`n--X-sIm-mWv Fv Adn-b-Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 109
46
s]mcpXp Pbn--X-km-y-sam-n-t\m-sSm
smcp aXhpw s]mcp-Xm-sem-Sp-p-hoe
]c-a-X-hmZn-bn-tXmn-SmsX ]mtg
s]mcp-Xp- s]m-en-n-Sp-sa _pn-th-Ww.
s]mcpXp Pbn-Xv bp-n-eqsS A\y-a-Xs

tXmev]n-m-sa-p-Xv
Akmyw Akm-[y-am-Wv.
Hn-t\m-sSm-v Atmpw Ctmpw
s]mcp-Xm s]mcp-Xn-smv
Hcp aXhpw Hcp aX-tbpw
HSp-p-ho-e Dq-e\w sNm Ign-bp-Ibn.
]c-a-X-hmZn Xs aX-a-m aX--tfm-
sSms hntZz-j-ap--h
CXv Hmn-SmsX ]mtg CXp a\-n-em-msX shdptX
s]mcpXp s]men-nSpw s]mcpXn Xpe-p-t]mIpw
F _pn thWw F shfn-hp-m-I-Ww.
a Xw Pohn-X-n kam-[m-\hpw kvt\lhpw shfn-hpw

]Ip-sIm-Sp-m\p--Xm-Wv. GIo-I-c-W-ns hN-
\--fmWv aX-n-ep--Xv. B hN\w ssZh-ns GI-
Xzs Dd-n-p-Xpw temI-Po-hnXw ssZth-b\p--cnv
\S-n- htc-Xm-sWpw t_m[y-s-Sp-p-XpamWv.
Cuiz-cs C ka-kvX-Po-h-Pm-e-fneq-tSbpw \nd-th-d-
s-Sp-tm `qan-bn kam-[m\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h-W-
bpw. Fm a\p-jy ssZth-sb \nd-th-dm k-Xn-
m-dn-. Ah Ah-t-Xm-b kzm-ey-fpw ImgvN-
m-Sp-Ifpw sa\-s-Spv AXn-eqsS Ahs Hcp Imev]\n-
I-temIw krjvSn-m {ian-pIbmWv sNp--Xv. A-
Btm]tZiiXIw 110
s\-bmWv Ctm \ne-hnep bmYm-n-Xn-I-a-X--fn
]nSn-hm-in-Ifpw ZpximTy-fpw Ib-dn-q-Sm CS-bm-b-Xv.
am{X-a-, aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS Fw hn-p--Xn-\-\p-k-
cnv aX-ns in hn-p-sa-p- sXmb Hcp
[mcW kaq- l - a - \ - n- e p- v . A- s \- b mWv aX-
kwLSn-X-am-Im XpS-n-b-Xv.
kwL-Sn-X-aXw `qan-bn A[n-Im-c-n\pw A[o-i-Xz-
n\pw thn CX-c-a-X-sc ]mtS Dq-e\w sNm
{ian-n-p-Xpw {ian-p--Xp-amb Ncn{Xw \app ]cn-
Nn-X-am-Wv. bqtdm-n Dmb Ipcn-ip-bp--fpw Zn-
tW-y-bn ssihcpw sshjvW-hcpw Xn-ep t]mcm-
-fpw aX-ns A{I-tam-p-I-a-t\m-`m-hs shfn-hm-
p- - X m- W v . CX- c - a - X m- \ p- b m- b n- I sf sImp- - X n- e qsS
X-fpsS aX-n\p Pbnmw Fp-- Nnm-K-Xn-bn
aX-Xz-n\v \nc-m Hcp sshcp-yv.
ssZhw kvt\l-am-sWp ]d-bp-Ibpw, B kvt\ls
\ntj-[n-p bp--fn aXw Gs-Sp-Ibpw sNp-Xv
aqey-h-mb PohnXw \bn-m-\m-{K-ln-p a\p-jyv
kwL-Sn-X-a-X--tfmSp-Xs ]pw tXmp-hm CS-bm-n-
bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. bYm-aXw kwL-Sn-Xtam hyh-m-]n-
Xtam A. AXv a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw Xn-ep-ff {]W-bm-
\zn-X-amb Pohn-X-am-Wv. AhnsS A\p-`-h-km-{-na-bpsS Hcp
sFIyapv. B sFIyw ]c-am-mZ-Ic - a
- m-Wv. CsXmpw Adn-
bmsX ]c-kv]cw a-Snp Nmhp sXcp-hp-\m-bvsf-tmse
aXm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aX-h-m-fpw Cu temI-n s]cp-
am-dp-Xv Gsd IjvS-amWv! Aev]w Dsh-fn--ap-h C-
s\-bp- t]mc-Sn-p aXXo{h-Xsb t{]mm-ln-n-p-I-
bn-. aXw-am--ns ]nn-ep a\x-im-kv{Xhpw am-cn-
IX Xs-bm-Wv. aX- X-n ]c-kv]cw a\-n-emm-
\mWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. Ie-ln-m-\-.
Btm]tZiiXIw 111
47
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn-p-c--sX-m
hcp-anXp hmZn-I-fm-cp-tamp-hoe
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn ]WvUn-X-m
cdn-bp-an-Xns cl-ky-an--ti-jw.
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xnv ChnsS Hcp aXw am{Xta thq.

Fm-hcpw Fm aX--fnse Bfp-Ifpw
Dc-X
- v CXmWv ]d-bp-Xv.
CXv B aXw X-fpsS aX-am-bn-cn-Ww
FXnse s]mcp--tSv
hmZn-If- mcpw aX-hm-Zn-If
- m-cpw-Xs
Hmp-hoe Hmp--tX-bn-.
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn- ap aX-s-Xnsc hmZ-hn-hm-Z-
-sfmpw Cm
]WvUn-X-m m\n-I
CXns clkyw aX-hm-Z--fpsS ]nnse Am-c -
hn-lo-\-X-bpsS anYymXzw
Cv Ati-jw ChnsS ]q-ambn
Adnbpw Adn-bp-p.
tem I-n Htc-sbmcp aXta thq. Atm Ie-l-

-sfmw Xocpw. CXp ]d-bp--hsc kqn--Ww.
Ah-cpsS a\-n-en-cnv XfpsS aX-am-bn-cn-Ww B aXw
Fm-Wv. Hcp lnp-hns B{Klw, Xs aX-amWv temI-
n \ne-\n-t-Xv Fm-Wv. Fm Hcp {InkvXym-
\ntbm apkamt\m Nnn-p-tm Ah-cpsS aX-n-\mWv
B alna Nmn-sIm-Sp-p-X- v. AXp-sImv aX-ku-lm-
fpw apw Bfp-I kwL-Sn-n-p-tm AXn-sems
Btm]tZiiXIw 112
Hfn-n-cn-p Iptd \nc-I-X-I-fp-v. kulmw ]d-
bp--h-cmcpwXs Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hm-inIfpsS tcmKm-Xp-c-
amIpwhn[w Ddpt]mb NphSv amnhbvm Xm-d-. Ah-
c-h-cpsS aXw Ah-c-hv {]nb-s-Xv Xs-bmWv. ]t,
temI-Po-hn-X-n a\p-jy ]ckv]cw _-sp Pohn-
tnhcp-tm aX-Po-hn-X-nse sshIm-cn-I-X-I-fp-ambn
Adntm Adn-bm-sXtbm Dc-k-ep-I Dm-Im-dp-v. sNdn-
sbmcp Xosmcn Bbn-cnpw BZyw {]I-S-am-hp-I. ]ns,
AXv Bfn-n-Sn-pw. òI-c-amb \c-ta[--fn-tephsc aX-
kw-Lj- Fn-s-Sp-Xv \mw Znh-tk\ Ip-sIm-
n-cn-p \-k-Xy--fm-Wv. kza-Xm-k-nbpw ]c-a-X-\n-
bpw hy--fm-Wv. aXs ]pd-ta-\np t\mn-m-Wp-
tm-gmWv hmZ- P\n-p--Xv. aX-ns ckm-\p-`qXn
Bkz-Zn--h\v X--fn-. Ah Fm aX-fp-tSbpw
Xz-]-c-amb GIX a\-n-em-p-p. aX-hm-Zn-Iv A\y-
a-X-\n-cm-I-cWn\p- X{Xm-Sn Imcp-Wyhpw kvt\l
hpw hn-tm-Ip-p. Xs aX-tm-Sp sshIm-cn-I-Xo-{hX
\nanw aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-bmbn Ah amdp-p. aX-ns
Dmcw ]Ip-sIm-Sp-m\p {]m]vXn-bn-m ]utcm-
ln-Xy-amWv aX-hm-Z-n\v hfw-h-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv.
ssZhw GI-am-sWpw Cu {]]- - n-ep- Fmw ssZh-
kr-jvSn-I-fm-sWpw A-cm-m-hn A\p-`-hn--dn-bp
m\n-I aX-hn-tZz-j-an-msX am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h
sFIy-tbpw {]_-e-s-Sp-p I--fn-eqsS aX-Po-
hn-Xs Bhn-jvI-cn-m-dp-v. Ah-sc-bmWv ]WvUn-X-m
Fp Kpcp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p--Xv. ]WvUnXm ka-Zin-
I-fm-Wv. Bm-\p-`-hn-I-fp-am-Wv. Ah ssZhs icn-bmbn
Adn-bp-Ibpw AXp shfn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahp
am{Xta aX-I-e-l--fn-msX aX-ns A-k {]Im-
in-n-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Btm]tZiiXIw 113
48
X\p-hn-e-a icocn, Xs km
X\p-hn-e-sX-s-Xn-sX-s-sXp khw
X\p-X-sbm-gnp [cn-n-Spp kmm
e\p-`-h-im-en-I-fm-an-tXmn-emcpw.
X\p-hn Aa icoc-hp-ambn XmZmys

icocn Poh
Xs Xs
km-X-\p-hn B-k--bn
AXv F-tXv AXpw Ft-XmWv
CXv FtXv CXpw Ft-XmWv
Fv Fns\
khw Fm-n-t\bpw
X\p-X-sbm-gnv aa-X-bn-msX
[cn-n-Spp kmm-XvI-cnpp.
CtXmn Cmcyw t_m[ysm
Bcpw GsXm-cmfpw
kmm {]Xy--n
A\p-`-h-im-en-Ifmw A\p-`-h-im-en-I-fmIpp.
A l-m-c-amWv _-\w. Al-m-c-n\n-p hnSp-

X-emWv kmm-Xvm-cw. ""Rm ico-c-amWv'' F
_pn- b mWv \ssbmw _n- n- p Almcw.
Am\w \nan--amWv \n B-t_m[w {]Im-in-m-
Xn-cn-p-X
- v. ico-c
- ns ]cn-an-Xa
- mb AkvXn-Xb
- n Rm
Fs kzXzs a\-n-em-p-tm Rm\-m \nc-h[n
ico-c-v _lp-e-amb AkvXnX \mw A\p-h-Zn-p-sIm-
Sp-p-p. Ah-sbmpw Rm\-. Rm\-m--h-tbmSv F\nv
BIj-Whpw hnIj-Whpw Nne-tm DZm-ko-\-Xbpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 114
tXmmw. _lpXzw ZpxJ-am-Wv. ZpxJw Am-\-P-\y-am-Wv.
Fm Cu Am-\-n\npw \app ]pd-p-I-S-p-
hm Kpcp Hcp hgn ]dpX-cp-p. Cu hniz-nse kIe
Ncm-N-c--tfbpw Hcp-h Xs D-bn tN-dn-bp-I-bm-
sW-n Abm Bm\nbmbn amdp-p. Abm
Hpw-Xs Xn\npw A\y-ambn A\p`-hn-p-n-.
BIm-inepw A-cn-nepw `qanbnepsamw Fs
D A-cy-man-bmbn hnp-p. Rm Fm-nepw Fmw
Fnepw hkn-p-p. Fsm-s-bptm AsXmw Ft-
Xm-Wv. FtXp am{X-a AsXmw Rm Xs-bm-Wv. C
s\ GIm-I - a
- mb Hc-dn-hp-m-IW
- s
- a-n Fnse aa-Xm-
t_m[w Hgn-p-t]m-I-Ww. X\pX Hgn-b-Ww. Bm-\p-`-hn-
I-fm-Im C{X-bpw sNbvXm aXn. Fm-n-t\bpw lrZ-b-
n ]pIp-I. Atm hnizw apgp-h\pw \s Bt-jn-
pw. Al-m-c-ns kzIm-cy-K-lz-c--fn \npw ]pd-
p-I-S-p-I. hniz-ns D-bn Aen-p-tN-cp-I. AXn-
cp-I-fn-m-Xm-Ip--XmWv B\-w. Cs\ Pohn-Xs Adn-
bp Bcpw kmm A\p-`-h-im-en-IX-s. Hcn-
Ck F sslq Ihn {]`m-X-k-hm-cn-v C-d-n-b-tm
ap s]p-p-m-bn-cp-p. Ihn-bpsS apf-smnbn lna
[qfn-I AS-cp-I-fmbn Ipan-p. Atm Ihn sXmn bn
hnc-tem-SnpsImv Hcp Ipp-I-hnX sNmn.
When I think of it
As my snow, how light it is
On my bamboo hat.
Fs apfwsXmn-bn Ipan lna-hjs ""Fs

s]mSn-av'' F\p`hnp-tm CXn-s\mcp `mc-hp-an-
tm! CXmWv X\pX Hgnp [cn-n-Sp hgn. Fmw
Ft-sXp Icp-Xp-I. t`Z-_pn CmsX Fm-nepw kzw
D Zin-p-I. kzw Ipv Abvv `mc-am-Im--Xp-
t]m-se.
Btm]tZiiXIw 115
49
AJn-e-cp-am--kp-J-n-\mbv {]b-Xv\w-
k-I-e-hp-anp kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp-p-
P-K-Xn-bn-en--X-ta-I-sap Nnn
L-aW - b- m-XI
- X- m-ca- n-tS-Ww.
AJn-ecpw Fm-hcpw
B-kp-J-n-\mbv B-kp-J-n-\p-th-n-
{]bXv\w I-
kI-ehpw Cp Fm-hn-[-nepw ChnsS
kZm]n sNbvXn-Spp Ftmgpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
PK-Xn-bn temI-n
CXw B-kp-Jm-t\z-jWw F aXw
GIw Hp- am{X-ta-bp-q.
Fp Nnnv Cu Nnsb Dun-bp-d-nv
AL-aW - b
- msX Zqjy-Nn--I-fn AI-s-SmsX
AI-Xm A-cw-Ks
Aan-tSWw Bm-hn-e-an hbvWw.
F m-hcpw Ifn hym]r-X-cm-Ip-Xv kpJ-n-\p-

th-n-bm-Wv. ZpxJw Hgn-hm-m-\p {iaw-t]mepw
kpJm-t\z-j-Wns `mK-am-Wv. kpJw thW-sa Imcy-
n Bpw Hcp Xhpan. lnp-hm-bmepw {InkvXym-
\n-bm-bmepw apnambmepw kpJw thWw. sImSnb ]oU-\-
fpw bmX-\-Ifpw A\p-`-hnv Hcp-h\pw Hcp aX-ntbpw
A\p-`m-hn-bm-hp-I-bn-. Ah kpJ-ap- aX-n-tep
t]mIpw. tZim-S\- ]
-
- n-I Imem-h- m-t`Zw Dm-Ip-tm
hnZq-c--fn-tep ]d-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se.... -F-n-\m-Wh
]d-p-t]m-Ip-Xv? kpJw thWw. a\p-jy X-an-msX
Hn-p Hcp kXy-am-WnXv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp ]pXnb
Btm]tZiiXIw 116
Hcp aXs m]n-pI-b sNbvX-Xv. aX-ns ImX-
emb Xzs Ghpw a\-n-em-Ip coXn-bn Fgp-
Xn--cn-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ]e-a-X-km-chpw GIw FXv
Hcp ka-\z-b-a-{-am-Wv. Bm-hn aX-km-cs kvt\l-
ambn kv]in--dn-b-Ww. lrZ-b-n Imcp-Wy-ambn aX-
kmcw hgn-sm-gp-I-Ww.
Aev]-t\cw izmk-X-Sw Dm-bm aXn \ hnn-
sSpw. {]mW XS-bs - -Sp-Xv kpJ-ns \ntj-[a - m-W.v
kzmX-{yhpw kpJhpw Hn-mWv hn-p-X - .v Cy-bn
am{X-a- , Fm cmjv{S-f - n-ep- P\-fpw kpJm-t\z-jn-I
Xs-bm-Wv. GXp Xc-n-ep- kpJ-amWv th-Xv? \nXy-
amb kpJw. AXp Is-p-X - p-hsc AXnepw CXn-ep-sams
kpJw s\mn-\p-Wv \S-pw. ]t, B-kpJw am{X-amWv
]q-kp-Ja - m-bn-cn-p-X - .v Fm bm{X-Ifpw Fm At\z-j-
W-fpw, Fm Ne-\ - fpw, Fm t{]c-WI - fpw Bm-hn-te-
p-X - m-Wv. temI-n Cu aXw As-n A`n-{]mbw
GI-am-sWv a\-n-em-W - w. Cu Xzw a\-n-em-n-bnv
kzm-Xs - Imv Zqjn-Xa - m-ImsX a\-ns\ Bm-\ -
- n
hne-bn-n-W - w. Atm Hcm lnpthm {InkvXym-\ntbm
apotam Bbn-cn-p-Ib - n-. BZy-h - n-lo-\a - mb kXy-km-Kc - -
am-W,v m\-km-Kc - a
- m-W,v B\-k - m-Kc- a
- m-W.v
Am-lphpw {InkvXphpw IrjvW\pw Bm-hn-emWv Hm-
bn-cn-p-X - v. Bm-hn B\-k - z-cq-]n-If
- mbn Ch hn-
p- t m aX- I - e - l - Dm- h p- I - b n- . a\p- j y- \ n
kvt\lhpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw Xzmh-t_m-[a - n-msX P\n-
p-Ib - n-. aXs {K-f - n-eqsS am{Xw kao-]n-m t]mcm.
A\p-`h - h
- i- - p-\npw ]qcn-n-W - w. thsdm-cp-hs kpJw
sISp-n-f - b- p-X- mWv ]m]w. Adn-hn-m-bvab - mWv ]m]-tl-
Xp. Bm-\n thsdm-cp-hs B\-s l\n-p {]hr-
n-I sNp-Ib - n-. Abm Xs-s thsdm-cp-h\ - nepw
ImWp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 117
50
\ne-samSp \oc-Xp-t]mse Imp Xobpw
shfn-bp-a-lw-IrXn hnZybpw a\pw
Ae-I-fp-am-gn-bp-sa-p-th--sbm
hpe-Ip-ap-b-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p.
\ne-samSv `qan- XpSn

\ocv AXp-t]mse AXp-t]mse Pew
Imv hmbp
Xobpw An
shfnbpw BIm-iw-h-sc-bp- ]-`q-X-fpw
Alw-IrXn Alw-Im-chpw
hnZybpw _pnbpw
a\pw a\pw
Ae-Ifpw Xnc-Ifpw
Bgnbpw ISepw
Fp th am{X-a
Fm DeIpw Fm temIhpw
Dbv hnIm-kw -{]m-]nv
Adn-hmbn ]c-am-m\p`hambn
amdn-Spp amdpp.
B tm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-ns ay-`m-Kp hcp Cu

tmI-n {]-bpsS hnImk]cn-Wm-as Kpcp
FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p. qe-n A`n-ca - n-n-cp a\p-jy
qeshnv kqva - n-tev {]th-in-p-p. Fs-m
qe-nse B\w Xphpw ss\an-jn-Ih - p-am-Wv F-h
Xncn-d
- n-bp-p. a\p-jys hnth-tIm-Zb
-
- n-eq-sS-bmWv Cc-
nsemcp ]cn-Wmaw t_m[-n kw`hn-p-Xv. an
]Wn-sb-Spv an\npw Inp--Xp-am{Xw Xnp Pohn-
p a\p-jy Aev]w-IqSn kqva`q-Xa - mb Pe-X - zs
Btm]tZiiXIw 118
Adn-bp-Ibpw Ipd-p-IqSn kqva-`q-X-amb An-X-zs
Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns hmbp-X-zs Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns
kh-hym-]n-bm-b BIm-it- mfw hnI-kn-Xa - m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw
sNp-p. qe-n\npw kqva-n-tev Db
Xs ksb Adn-bp--Xp-X-s-bmWv {]m-]-cn-Wm-
aw. Adn-hmWv Hcp-hs \nP-kz-cq-]w. ]-`q-X-fpw Ax-
-c-W-fpw Adn-hns kmm-Xvm-c-n\v XS-hpw
adbpw krjvSnp-p. Rm ]rYzn-b-, Pe-a-, tXP--,
hmbp-h-, BIm-i-a-, A--c-W--f-, _lp-e--fmb
\ma-cq-]--f Fv Xp-am-b-Xns\ \ncm-I-cn-p-tm Ah-
km\w \ncm-I-cn-p-hm Ign-bm--hn[w A\n-tj-[y-amb
AkvXn-Xb - p kXy-amb Rm Ah-ti-jn-p-p. B Rm
Bm-hm-Ip-p, Adn-hm-Ip-p. \ncm-I-c-W-ns amw
Aev]w Zpjvc - amWv. am{X-a
- , sXfn hnth-I - n-tbpw
i-amb sshcm-Ky-n-tbpw ]n_ew B am-n\v
Bh-iy-ap-p-Xm-\pw.
Fm am{Xta Xs \nP-kz-cq]s Al-m-aa - X
- m-Zn-
I-fn\npw hnm-\ - f
- psS Ipg-ad- n-n-epI-fn\npw a\-
ns \qem-am-e-I-fn\npw Hs hnap--amm\m-hpI-
bp-q. ISX-s-bmWv Xnc. IS kmam-\y-amWv. Xnc
hnti-j-hpw. kmam-\y-n At\Iw hnti-j- AS-n-
bn-cn-pw. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-ambn F-a Xnc-I IS-c-
n B-etmw.. B Xnc-If - n-epw IS-enepw D-bm-
bn-cn-pXv Pe-am-Wv. \ma-cq-]m-I
- a - mb Fm temI-fpw
Adn-hns tIh-e-kz-cq-]-X-bn\npw- Ddp hcp Aar-
XXcw-K--fm-Wv. Ah Adn-hnXs ASp-p. CXmWv
Pohn-X- ns ]c-tam-Xa - mb \ne.
Btm]tZiiXIw 119
51
Adn-hn-en-cp-sm-c-lbmZy-ap-m-bv
hcp-an-Xn-t\m-sSm-cn-Z hma-bmbpw
hcp-anh cp-e-]-t]mse ambm
ac-a-Jnew ad-sb--Sn-Sp-p.
Adn-hn-en-cpv A[njvTm-\-amb Adn-hn-\nv

Hcp Al Hcp Alwt_m[w
BZyw Dmbv hcpw BZyw apf-s]m-pw.
CXn-t\mSv Al--bpsSIqsS
Hcp CZ Hcp {]m]-n-I-t_m-[hpw
hma-bmbpw hcpw Al-p ]cn-]q-cI - a- mbn Dm-Ipw.
Ch Cu Al-bpw CZ-bpw
cp De-]-t]mse cp hn--It]mse
ambm-acw ambbmIp -acw
AJnew adsb Adn-hns\ ad-p-sImv
]Sn-Spp ]Sp-]--en-pp.
\mw Adn-hm-W.v Adnhp am{X-am-W.v Adn-h - msX cm-a-

sXmcp k \ap-n-. Adnhv A[n-jvTm-\hpw kzcq-
]-hp-am-Wv. Fm Cu Xzw \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cu ad-
hnbvv Imc-W-amb ambm-X-z-ns kz`m-hs Kpcp
ChnsS kpXcmw hy-am-p-p. A[n-jT v m-\a
- m-b Adn-hmWv
kI-eX - n-t\bpw {]k-hn-p A. Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m
{]]-P - m-e- sf {]k-hn-p-X
- n-\p-apv BZyw-Xs tIh-
e-amb Adnhv kzbw `nn-p-p. BZyw Al-b - mWv {]Xy-
-s-Sp-X - .v Al-b
- n mXr-Xzhpw IXr-Xz-hpw t`mr-
Xzhpw AS-n-bn-p-.v Al Poh-\m-Wv. Poh ico-chpw
a\-p-ambn XmZm-ysv kzbw ]cn-an-X\pw Aev]-\p-am-
sWv apV-ambn hniz-kn-p-p; A]q-\m-sWv Am-
Btm]tZiiXIw 120
\-m hniz-kn-p-p. Pohs Bh-iy-sf ]cn-]q-cWw
sNm-\m-bmWv {]]w hnc-Nn-Xa - m-bn-cn-p-X
- .v {]]-s
CZ FmWv ]d-bp-Xv. CXv C-Xm-Ipp Fv thZn-
n-p--XmWv CZ-. CXv ]{Xw, CXv Nn{Xw, CXv acw, CXv
\Zn Fv shfn-s-Sp-p-X - mWv CZ-. CZ \ma-cq-]m--
I-am-Wv. \m\m-hn[ sshNn-{Xy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. Cu apgp-
h {]]--{]-Xn-`m-k-pw Imc-W-amWvv CZ-. CZ
Ime-tZ-i-kw-bp--am-Wv.
Al-bpw CZ-bpw ]c-k] v c- w thgvNb- n Gs-Sp--
XmWv hyh-lm-cw. hyh-lm-c - n\npw a\v hf-cm XpS-
p-p. AXv {]mXn-`m-kn-It- em-Is kwc-Nn-p-p. CtXmsS
Adn-hns \ncp-]m-[n-Iamb tIh-eX - b - n\npw \mw ASp-
t]mcpp. cp hn-I-fm Np-s abm-acw AJn-es
ad-p-sIm-mWv ]Sp ]-en-n-cn-p-X - .v AJnew Bm
hmWv, Adn-hm-Wv. Hcp achpw AXns\ s]mXn-p-\n-evp
hn-IfptSbpw Nn{XWw ambm-k-`-n HuNn-Xy-]q-
am-Wv. achpw hn-Ifpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv amb-bpsS {]Xo-
I--fm-Wv. ambm-a-c-nse Al-bpw CZ-bpw BIp
hn-I m\-kz-cq-]s ad-psImmWv Xg-p-h-f-cp-
-Xv. ambmacw Bh-c-W-i-nbmWv. hn-I hnt-]-i-
n-bpw. ambm-acw Adn-hns {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-Xsb ad-bv-p-
tm hn-bnse F-a Ce-I Bbn-c--W-n\p
t]cpw BIm-chpw {]Xn-`bpambn Pohs\ tamln-n-p-p.
B-hn-kva-c-W-ns aqe-Im-cWw thZn-n-p Cu
tmIw [ym\n-p-d-n-mte {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns Xzm-
h-X-c-W-ns coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) \app a\-n-
em-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. kXyw Ht-bp-p. AXv Adnhv
am{Xw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 121
52
[z\n-a-b-ambvKK\w Pzen-p-a-m
fW-bp-a-Xn--e-ti-j-Zr-iy-Pmew
]p\-ch- nsS {Xn]p-Snp ]qn \Ipw
kz\-hp-a-S-p-anSw kzbw{]Imiw!
[z\n-a-b-ambv {]W-h-[z\n \nd-p Xqhn

KK\w Bm-Imiw
Pzenpw shfn--ns \nd-IS-embn
Pzenpw
Am AXn- Cu A\p-`-hm-ar-X-e-l-cn-bn
Ati-jZ- r-iy-Pmew apgp-h \ma-cq-]m-I
- Zriyfpw
AWbpw sIp-t]m-Ipw.
]p\chnsS ]ns AhnsS
{Xn]p-Snv Adnhv aqmbn ]ncn-v
]qn-\evIpw {]I-S-am-Ip
kz\hpw i_vZhpw
ASpw AS-pw.
CSw B CSw
kzbw {]Imiw kzbwtPym-Xn-kz-cp-]-amb
Bm-Imiw- X-s-bm-Wv.
{] Xy-n-ep- Aw ]d-m Cu tmI-ns

apgp-h ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw s]men-p-t]m-Ipw. A\p-`q-
Xn-k---\mb Hcp tbmKn-bpsS lrZ-b-I-a-e-n Dt
n-cn-p {]W-h[ - z-\nsb hmp-If - n ]Ip-sIm-Sp-m
Ign-bpIbn. Fs-m {]Whw kwKo-X-ns kwKo-
X-hpw A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS \nd-hp-am-Wv. AtXm-sSmw B kwKoXw
au\-n-s au\-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. au\s hn\n-abw sNm-
\p am[y-a-ambn `mj C\nbpw hnI-kn-n-n-. Kpcp-hns
`mj ann- Xe-ntev ]cn-hn-p-Xv Cu tmI-
n ImWm-\m-Ipw. KK-\hpw [z\nbpw tafn-p- A\p-`q-
Btm]tZiiXIw 122
Xn- bpn-Nn--bv-[o-\-a-. Fm bpn-Ifpw Bm-\p-`q-
Xn-bpsS ljmXn-tc-I-n \njv{]-`hpw \ncm-[m-c-hp-am-
bn-o-cpw. imkv{Xo-b-amb `mj Ihn-X-bn-tev sXn-tm-
Ip-Xv Cu \nhr-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
[z\nsb i_vZho-Nn-bm-bn-mWv \mw Adn-bp-X - v. i_vZ
hoNn ]pd-ta-\npw tIp-X -
- . B-KK
- \
-
- ns A\-
hn-im-eX
- b
- n Pmz-ey-am-\a - mbn \nd-p-hgn-bp-XmWv B
{]W-h-\n-\Zw. Ccp-fn-a-bpsS Hcp sNdp-]mSp-t]mepw AXn
Xn-\n-evp-n-. \mw Adn-Xpw Adnbm-\n-cn-p--Xp-
amb Fm temIm-\p-`-h-fpw Cu ]obq-j-hjm-h-en-bn
apn-tm-Ipw. Rm B\-n-p--h- Ftm CsXmw
Fs {]nb-hn-j-b- Ftm ]d-bm AhnsS \mhp
s]mp-I-bn-. Adnhv ]ncnv {Xn]p-Sn-IfmIp- eoem-hn-
em-khpw HSp-pw. temIm-\p-`-h--fn am{Xta {Xn]p-Sn-
Ip m\-ap-q. Aeu-In-I-amb \mZ-[m-c-bn {Xn]p-Sn-
Ip kv^qn \evIp kz\hpw a{-a-[p-c-ambn ebn-
p-tN-cpw. {Xn]p-Sn-Iv Imc-W-am-b i_vZw {]W-h-km-{-
amb kwKo-X-ambn amdpI-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Bm-Imiw apgp-h
kzbta shn-n-f-p-p. AI]p-d--fn-m-sX. samgn-am-dm-
\m-Im clkyw amkvac - n-Ia - mb _nw_m-tbm-P\ - - f- n-eqsS,
A\ym-Zr-i-amb cN-\m-]m-S-h-tmsS Kpcp Cu tmI-n
hn\y-kn-n-cn-p-p. tbmKn-{]-h-c-\mb Kpcp-hns kK-Ip-
i-e-Xsb A-c-tmsSbpw B-cy-]c-X-tbmsSbpw am{Xta
t\mn-m-Wm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Btm]tZiiXIw 123
53
CXn-se-gp-am-Zn-a-i-n-bnp ImWp
nXp kIew s]dpamZn-_o-P-am-Ipw
aXn-b-Xn-emn ad-n-SmsX ambm
aXn-b-dp-hm a\\w XpSn-tS-Ww.
CXn-segpw kzbw-{]-Im-in-X-amb Cu Adn-

hn\npw Bhn`-hn-p
BZn-a-in BZn-a-amb in
Cp ImWp ChnsS \ma-cq-]m--I-ambn
ImWsSp
CXp kIew kakvX PK-n-t\bpw
s]dpw {]k-hn-p
BZn-_oPw BIpw BZn-a-amb _oP-am-Wv.
aXn AXn-emn hnjb_pnsb B BZn-a-
_o-P-n Dd-n-p-\nn
ad-n-SmsX Bkz-cq-]s ad-msX
ambm-aXn Adp-hm amb- sImph {à_pn
Ah-km-\n-p--Xn-\p-thn
a\\w XpS-n-tSWw XpS-bmbn a\\w sNWw.
A dnhv \nt-jvS-a-. AXp kzbta {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-

p-XmWv. {]Im-in-pI Fm {Inbm--I-am-
IpIbm-Wv. {Inb sN-W-sa-n in thWw. Adn-hnX-
s kl-P-amb Hcp in-bncn-pp-v. B in-bpsS
BthKw sImmWv {]]--n-ep-ff Fmw Ncn-p-sIm-
n-cnp--Xv. Cu BZn-a-i-nsb {]]--ns BZn-Im-
c-W-ambn `mc-Xo-b -Ejn-am Fn-tm-cp-p. CXp kI-e-
n\pw A-bm-Wv. Cu A-bmWv {]]-s {]k-hn-
p-X - v. kIews]dpw BZn-_oPw FmWv Kpcp CXns\
]d-bp-X - .v Cu BZn-am-Xm-hn _pnsb Dd-n-W
- w. AsXmcp
Btm]tZiiXIw 124
ka-W-am-Wv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns `nZi\w C-
s\-bm-Wv. AXv BZn-_o-Pm-\p-k-m-\-am-Wv. \manhnsS Imn-
q-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp `n-b AXv. BZn-P-\-\nsb Hcp
\nizm-k-nt]mepw ad-msX Hm-n-cn-p `n-bm-
W-Xv. Kpcp-hns `n-Zi-\-n \h-hn-[-`-n-bnse kvac-
W-n\v {]Y-a-m\w ssIh-cp-p. \mw HmtXv hnj-
b-s-b-, hnj-bm-[n-jvTm-\-s-bm-Wv. GsXmcp t{kmX-
n\n-mtWm {]]--ns Dev]-nbpw nXnbpw
ebhpw Dm-Ip-Xv B Dd-hn-S-n a\-ns\ Dd-np
\ndpn hmk-\m-\miw hcp-thmfw a\\w XpS-c-Ww.
an-hmdpw \nsems At_m-[-ns A-Im-c
n--bm B-hn-kva-c-W-n\v CShcm-dp-v. hnkva-c-
Wn\p ImcWw temI-Po-hn-X-n-ep sImXnbpw AX-
\p-`h
- n-m-\p A\n-b-{n-Xa
- mb Bk-n-bp-am-Wv. Bm-
hn-ep {i sXp-tmsgms t_m[-]qhw B-kvarXn
sb XncnsI m]n--Ww. DW t_m[-ap--h\v Bm-
hntev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm Ffpw Ign-bpw. [ym\m--I-amb
PohnXw \bn-p--hv Bm-hn\nv AI-p-t]m-Ip-
Xv thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-Wv.
Pem-ep-o dqan akv\m-hn-bn ]mSpp: ""Xmbv-n
\npw ASp-t]m Hcp ]pm-p-g-emWv Rm. t{kmX-
n-tep Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\p hnem-]-amWv Fs kwKo-
Xw. Krl-n\nv Zqtc-p-t]m-bh- Xncnp hon-se-p
B Znh-ks HmmWv PohnXw t]mp--Xv.''
Bmhv hoSp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Am\w \nanw
Zqsc Ae-bp--h-cpw. \psS _pn ambm-tam-l-v
Ffpw hi-K-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. F{X-am{Xw ss\c--cy-tm-Sp-
IqSn a\\w sNbvXm-emWv _pnsb sacp-n- kI-ew-s]dpw
BZn-_o-P-n \ndpm Ign-bp-I. AXp-sImv aXn-b-dp-
hm a\\w XpSp-sIm--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 125
54
DW-cp-a-h--bp-d-n-en-p-dw
]p\-cp-W-cp-sm-gpXpw kv^pcn-p-hoe
A\p-Zn-\-an--s\- c-p-am-Zn-am-bm
h\n-X-bn\np ]pdp amdn-Sp-p.
DWcpw Ah DWn-cn-p Ah
Dd-n C Dd--n C.
Ddw Dd-p Ah
]p\ DW-cp-sm-gpXpw hopw DW-cp-tmgpw
kv^pcn-p-hoe Dm-Ip-n-.
A\p-Zn\w Hmtcm-Zn-h-khpw
Cs\ cpw Cu c-h--I-fpw
BZn-am-bm-h-\n-X-bn\nv BZn-am-b- B-Ip h\n-Xb
- n\nv
]pdp ]ndv
amdn-Spp sshcp-y-ap-Xm-bn Xon-Sp-p.
F mWv Ddw? FmWv DWhv? Bpw s]s-

smcp \nhN\w sImSp-m Ign-bp-Ibn-. C{n-b-
fpw a\pw hnj-b--fp-ambn kn-Ij-n-em-Ip-tm
DWshp thW-sa-n ]d-bmw. hnj-tb-{n-b-a-\-p-I-
fpsS Xntcm-`m-h-amWv kpjp]vXn Fpw ]d-bmw. Cu cv
Ah-I - n-Sb - n-emWv Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jys PohnXw
Btm-f\w sNp--Xv. Cu {]tl-fn-I-bn-tev hy-amb
Hcp DmgvN \Ip-IbmWv Cu tmI-n-eqsS Kpcp sNp-
-Xv. \ Bcpw-Xs Dd-m--h-cm-bn-n-. Dd--n
FmWv A\p-`hw? Hpw Adn-bp-n F-XmWv A\p-`-
hw. Hpw Adn-bp-n-s-nepw Dd-p--h-\n kpJ-ap-v.
kpJ-an-s-n Bpw Dd-m tXmp-Ib - n-. Dd-
- n
temIm-\p-`h
-
- f- psS A`mhw Ds-nepw Bm-hns kzcq-
Btm]tZiiXIw 126
]-amb B\w Dd--n {]kv^pcn-pp-v. ""A`m-h-{]-
Xy-bm-ew-_-\m-hr-nx \n{Zm'' FmWv ]X-RvPen \n-{Zsb
\nh-Nn--Xv. kpjp-]vXn-bn Al-bpw CZ-bpw Imc-
W-i-co-c-amb Idp aqSp-]-S-n-\p-n ad-p-t]m-Ipp.
hnj-b- f - p-tSbpw a\-n-tbpw A`m-ha
- m-Wn-Xv. AXp-sImv
DWs-Wo-p--Xp-hsc Rm B-kpJw A\p-`-hn-
pp Fv F\n--dn-bm\pw Ign-bp-n-, ]d-bm\pw Ign-
bp-n-.
DWs-Wo-m C{n-bhpw a\pw {]h-\\ - n-cX
- a
- m-
hpw. Atm Dn-ep-m-bn-cp Ccp-fn-as - bmw amp-t]m-
Ipw. hkvXp-t- fbpw hkvXp-XI - t- f-bpw kv]inpw {LmWn
pw Nnn-p-sams Adn-bm XpS-pw. DWn-cn-p-tm
ico-c
- ns hnipw Zmlhpw a\-ns Pnm-kbpw Hs
ian-n-p-sIm-n-cn-W
- w. {]]-m-\p-`hw Fp ]d-bp-Xv
Cu cp {[ph-n-Sb - n-em-Wv. Hcp Imhm-kn Idp-n\pw
shfp-n\pw CS-bn hcp ]e-]e h-f - psS tNcp-h-
IsImv Nn{X-Im-c amkvac - n-Ia- mb Hcp Nn{Xs hc-p-
h-bvp-Xpt]m-se-bmWv Ccp-n\pw shfn--n\pw CS-bn-
F-a cq]-t- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {]]w \n Ap-
XtfmsS Ahn-jvIr-X-am-Ip--Xv.
Cu c-h--I-fn-tev t_m[w hoWpw Dbpw amdn-
a-dn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Pohn-X-n kpJhpw ZpxJhpw
asm sshIm-cn-I-X-Ifpw Hn\p ]ndsI Hmbn hp-
sIm-n-cn-pw. Hcp ambm-h-\n-X-bn\n-mWv A\p-Zn-\-sa-
tmWw Ccpfpw shfn-hpw, Dd-hpw DWhpw amdn-amdn
P\n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-X - v. kI-ew-s]dpw BZn-_o-PsbmWv
ChnsS ambm-h-\n-X-bmbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. Fm Adn-
hns tIh-e-kz-cq-]-n \np-sImv Dd--n-t\bpw
DWhn-t\bpw t\mn-m-Wm Ign-bp Hcp ]qW-Pm-K-
cn-Xw (total awakening) kw`-hn-pXp-hsc \psS kXy-Pn-
m-ksb D]-i-an-n-m ]mSn-.
Btm]tZiiXIw 127
55
s\Snb-In-\m-hnXp \n{Z-t]mse \nXyw
sISp-an-Xp-t]mse In\m-hp-an-{]-Imcw
sISp-aXn ImWp-I-bn tIh-e-n
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m-e-\niw {àn-n-Sp-p.
s\Snb In\mhv CXv PohnXw Hcp \o kz]v\-am-Wv.

\n{Z-t]mse Dd--ne\p-`-hn-p In\m-hp-
t]mseXs.
\nXyw sISpw DWs-Wo-p-tm B
In\mhv sIp-t]m-Ipw.
CXp-t]mse Dd--nse kz]v\w
t]mseXs
In\mhpw Pohn-X-am-Ip s\Snb In\mhpw
sIp-t]mIpw.
C{]-Imcw Fm C-c - n
sISp-aXn hnj-b-_pnbp-h
ImWp-I-bn a\-n-em-pn-.
tIh-e-n {]]w F Cuiz-cs
kz]v\n
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m Fm-hcpw Htc-t]mse IpSp-n-bn-
cn-p--Xn-\m
A\niw Ftmgpw
{àn-n-Spp s\Snb In\m-hns\ kXy-sa--Xp-
t]mse sXn--cnp-p.
hn-Xs- a-Xv Hcp s\Sp-\of kz]v\a - m-W.v Hcm-bp-jvmew

Po apgp-h ssZLy-ap- kz]v\a
Xs kz]v\sap Xncn-d
- m-bX - p-sImv \mw Pohn-
- n-bm-dn-. \psS Dd-hpw Dd--
n ImWp kz]v\hpw DWn-cn-p-tmgp temIm\p-
`-h
- fpw Fmw B ZoLkz]v\ - nse hnhn-[a - mb Ah-
-If - m-Ip-p. \n{Z-bn \mw ImWp kz]v\w, \n{Z-hnv Fgp-
tp-tm Ab-Ym-ambn tXmm-dpv. kz]v\ - n
Btm]tZiiXIw 128
\mw t]Snp \ne-hn-fn-n-cn-mw, B\-w-sImv \rw
sNbvXn-cn-mw, lnam-eb - k- m-\p-f
- n hnl-cn-n-cn-mw, òI-
c-amb Zpc-
- n acn-p-t]m-sbp hcmw. Fm DWp
Ip-Xp-dp t\mp-tm Ahsbmw kev]-fm-bn-cp-
p-shv \mw Xncn-d- n-bm-dp-v. ]t, A\p-`h - n-p thf-
bn Ah kmev]n-I - f-
- , Ah bmYmy-f - m-Wv.
Cu Pohn-Xs apgp-h\pw Hcp kz]v\-tmSp Xpe\w
sNp-tm \ap--Xns\ kzoI-cn-m {]bmkw tXmpw.
Cu s\Snb kz]v\-n\npw DWs-Wo-n-mWv Kpcp
\tmSnsXmw ]d-p-Xc - p-X - v. Npp-]m-Sp-I Xo thZ-
\-I-fn\npw sIp-]m-Sp-I-fn\npw \appw ap-cm-
Im Ign-bpw. temIv Fm-hcpw Pohn-Xs ]c-am-
sa--Xp-t]mse \n\v Pohn-p-Xp ImWp-tm \psS
Dnepw tXmpw Cu ImW-s-Sp temIhpw Pohn-Xhpw
BWv ]c-aa - mb kXy-sa-v. AXn-s\-bmWv tIh-e - ns]v
{àn-pI Fv Kpcp ]d-bp-X- .v {àw If-bW - w. Atlm! \mSIw
\nJn-ehpw F-XmWv m\n-bpsS temI-ho-W - w.
Cu temI-P-\X apgp-h\pw BIm-iv \o-en-asb Zin-
mepw Hcp imkv{X--\-dnbmw AhnsS \oen-a-bn-s-v.
\psS Ins ]cn-anXn-bmWv N{I-hm-f-sf krjvSn-p-
-sX-v imkv{X--\-dn-bmw. km[m-cW Pohn-X-nse
Ccw Imcy-fnt]mepw \ {àn-p-t]m-Im-dp-v. CXp-
t]m-se-X-s-bmWv Hcp apgp-h Pohn-X-nepw Dm-Ip
{àm--I-X. C\n DW-c Bh-iy-am-Wv. B DWc B-
kq-cy-\n-te-m-Wv. shfn-w.... shfn-w..... kh{X shfn-w......-
C-cp-ns Hcp IWnI-t]mepw ImWp-n-tm? Fsm-c-
pXw! CXm-Ipp ]q-t_m-t[m-Z-bw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 129
56
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse Imb-tam-tcm
pS-\p-S-t\-dn-bp-b-an-Spp
apSn-hn-Xn-s\-nXp l!aqe-kw-hn-Xv
IS-en-e-P-{k-hp-ap- I-at{X!
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse IS-en Xnc-I Db-cp-Ibpw

Xmgp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse
Imb-tam-tcmv Hmtcmtcm icocw
DS-\p-S Hn\p ]pdsI Hmbn
Gdn Db-an-Spp Dmbn \ne-\nv ad-bp-p.
apSn-hn-Xn-s\v Cu {]{In-bv Hcp Ayw
Fhn-sS-bmWv?
CXp l! CsXmcp B-cyw-Xs!
aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en {]]--n\p aqe-Im-c-W-amb
{]m-kmK-c - n
AP-{khpw D Fspw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
I-at{X k-{]-{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv.
I S-en Xnc-I kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Xnc-bn-m IS

FXv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw-t]mse tXmpw. Xnc Fp
]d-bp-tm AXn \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hmf-fpw Ae-Ifpw
alm-Xc - w-K
- fpw Fmw Ds-Spw. IS-en Xnc-bn-m-Xmbn
Ign-m ]ns AXv IS-e-m-Xm-Ipw. Fnepw hnim-e-
amb IS-en Hcp Xncbvpw imiz-Xa - mb \ne-\nn-. Pew
Xnc-bpsS BIm-cw]qv Ipd-p-t\cw \ne-\nv ]ns IS-en-
te-p-Xs Xncnp ebn-p-p. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hj-
p-appw IS-en Xnc-Ifpm-bn-cp--p. Ctmgpw \mw
Xnc-I ImWp-p. \mw t]m-bmepw IS-en Xnc-I Dm-
Ipw. Cu {]{In-bv Hcp apSnhpw Dm-hp-n. Ahn-cm-aa- mbn
\S-p Cu k-{]-{Inb Hcp BcywX-s-bm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 130
CXp-t]m-se-X-s-bmWv {]]--k-\-{]-{In-bbpw \S-
p--Xv. {]]-Zriy-fpw Xcw-K--sf-tmsebmWv. \nc-
h-[n-bmb cq]--fn-eqsS {]m]-nI{]Xn-`m-k- \psS
apn Gdn Dbv Aa-cp-p-v. Hmtcm cq]hpw Hcp ico-
c-am-Wv. AWp apX alm-]h-X- hsc kwhnXvkmK-
c-nse Hmtcmtcm Imb--fm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en-emWv
{]m]-n-I-X-cw-K- cq]w-sIm-p--Xv. kwhnXv Fp ]d-
m Adn-hm-Wv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Bm-hn-t\bpw At`-Z-
ambn Adn-b-Ww. B-km-K-c-n-emWv \nc--c-ambn temI-
k\w \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. CXv A\-ambn \S-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. CsXmcp alm-pXw-X-s.
{]]-k - r-jvSn-sb-p-dnv B[p-\n-Ii - mkv{Xw aptm-p-h-
bvp ]cn-t{]-yhpw Kpcp-hns {]]Zi-\hpw sshcp-
y-an-msX ChnsS tNcp-p. {]]-k - rjvSn Hcp XpS-bm-
Wv. AXv Fs-nepw XpSn Ah-km-\n-p-X -
- . hncm-a-
an-msX XpS-cp-X - mWv. hyjvSn-Xe - - nepw ka-jSv n-Xe -
- nepw
krjvSn{]{Inb \S-p-p-.v krjvSn, nXn, ebw Ch aqpw
A\p-{I-aa - mbn XpS-cp-Ib - m-Wv. Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
F Ah--I-fpsS Nm{In-I-Xt]mse ùXn-I-tZ-l-fpw
Dmbn \ne-\nv ]cn-W-anv bnv \in-p-p. \miw
imiz-X-a-. ]pXnb Hns Bhn`m-h-n\v aptm-Sn-bm-
bp Xntcm-`m-h-am-Wv. Bhn`m-hhpw Xntcm-`m-hhpw Htc
kw`-h - ns cp ]pd-f - m-Wv. acWw Xntcm-`mhw am{X-am-
Wv. Cu kwkm-c-K-Xn-bn\nv ]pd-p-I-S-m Hmtcm-cp-
cpw Ah-cpsS kzcq-]s Adn-m aXn. kzcq-] - n\v
P\-\a - c
- W
- - f
- n-. kzcq]w \nXy-am-W.v AaXy-am-W.v IS-ens
Bgw \n-ea - m-Wv. D]-cn-Xe- a- mWv Ne-\m-I - w. D]-cn-Xew
{]m]-n-Ihpw Bgw Bym-n-Ih - p-am-W.v Bym-n-I - n
Dd-n-cpv D]-cn-Xe -
- nse Ne-\ - Hcp Ifn-t]mse Ip-
c-kn-p-I. CXmWp Pohp-n.
Btm]tZiiXIw 131
57
Ae-b-dp-am-gn-bn-ep--\--am-bm
Ie-bnXp Iey-b-\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw
ken-e-c-km-Zn-i-co-c-tan \m\m
hpe-Ip-cp-hm-bp-cp-hmbn \nn-Spp.
Ae-bdpw Bgn-bn Xnc-bn-m IS-en

A\--am-bm-Ie Dv Ay-an-m ambm-Ie
Dv.
CXv Iey Cu ambm-Ie k-\-{]-{In-
bv ka-am-Wv.
A\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw CXv A\m-Zn-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-p
ken-e-c-kmZn Pew, AXns KpW-amb ckw
XpSnbh-bpsS
icocw Gn BIm-cw ssIsm-v
\m\m DeIv \m\m-Xc-
- n-ep- temI-f- psS
Dcp-hmbv Dcp-hmbv cq]-t`Z-fmbn
\nn-Spp ChnsS \ne-\np-p.
I S-en ]q-ambn Xnc-I Hgn-p-t]m-Ip Ah

kwPm-Xa - m-hp-Ib - n-sv \mw Ign tmI-n ]d-
p. Fm Imepw Xncbpw ISepw Hn-p-XsbmWv
Ccp-n-p-Xv. Xnc-Iv Nne-tm-sgms ia-\-ap-m-Im-
dp-v. ia\w Xnc-I-fpsS ]q-amb \mi-a-. AXv hnIr-Xn-
bmb Ipn Dd-p-tm Ahs hnIrXn Dd--n ad-
p-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]msetb Dq. Ah- DWm Fm
hnIr-Xn-Ifpw ]pdp hcpw. AXp-t]mse IS-ens im-
Xbpw XmXvIm-en-Ia - m-Wv. IS-ens Bg-f - nXs henb
Xnc-q-
- Dm-m\p a- Hfn-n-cn-p-p-v.
B-km-Kc - hpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. {]]- - n ImWp
Fmw B-km-Kc - - n kqvaa - mbn ad-n-cn-p-p-v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 132
hnn-p-n hS-hrw ibn-p--Xp-t]m-se. Bm-hn
ad-n-cn-p {]]-k - m-[y-Xsb ambm-Ie FmWv Kpcp
]d-bp--Xv. km[yX Fm ]pdp hcp--Xn\p app
Ah--bm-Wv. A-bpsS K`-]m-{X-n Ipv {`qWm-h-
-bn hf-cp-tm AXns\ Ie F A-ap Ieew
F hmmWv D]-\n-j - p-I D]-tbm-Kn-p-X
- v. Hcp kv{Xo
K`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn-p-tm ]pd-p-\np t\mn-bm Ah
I\y-I-bm-sWp tXmpw. Fm AtmXs Ah
A-bm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvIS- e
- n {]]-K
- `w k-\ - n\p
Xm-dm-bn-bn-cn-p--Xp-sImv Adn-hns\ P\\n Fpw
Hmb amaXn Fpw Kpcp Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
Ie Fm Hc-Sb - m-fa
- m-Wv Hcp ap{Z. Cu ap{Z-bn {]]-
-kvac- W
- I
- sf hmk-\m-cq-]-n D-S - n-h
- n-p-v. Iyq-
-dns Nnp-I-fn hnh-c- ASw sNbvXn-cn-p--Xp-
t]m-se. hfsc ka-amb coXn-bn krjvSn-Pm-e-sf
k\w sNp-hm Cu Iebvp Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-m-
Wn-Xns\ Iey Fp ]d-bp-X - v. Iey Fm {]k-h-km-
ay-ap--h Fm-Wv. {]k-h-amWv k-\w.
Cu {]]w Ap `qX-f - psS tNcp-hb - m-Wv. Hmtcm `qX-
n\pw Hmtcm {][m\ KpW-ap-v. `qan-bpsS KpWw K-am-
Wv. sh-ns KpWw ck-am-Wv. An-bpsS KpWw cq]hpw
hmbp-hntXv kv]i-hp-am-Wv. BIm-i - ns KpWw i_vZ-
am-Wv. ]-`q-X- fpw KpW-fpw tNv \m\m-Io-amb
temIw Bhn`-hn-p-p. aqe-{]-IrXn \ma-cq-]m-I - a- m-Ip
{]{Inb A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. AXv BZy-cl - n-Xa- mbn \S-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-p. Ctmgpw \S-p-p. {]]w {]fbm-h - b
- n
ebn-mepw Adn-hn AXv Iey-bmbn ad-n-cn-p-t-bp-q.
\in-p-n-. {]]-- ns Nm{In-IX - bpw Bm-hns A\-
iz-cX
- bpw Cu tmI-n-eqsS Kpcp shfn-hm-n-cp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 133
58
\h-\-h-an--se-bn-p- \m-sf- a-t
nh-k-an-Xn-s\ Nn sNbvXn-SmsX
Ahn-c-X-sa-n-b-f-n-Sp--sXmw
{à-samcp t`Z-hp-an--dn-n-tSWw.
\h-\hw ]pXnbXv ]pXnbXv

Cse Cv Cse, Cv
\msf at-Zn-hkw \msf, a-m
CXn-s\ C{]-Imcw Imes Xpambn-ap-dnp
a\-n-em-p Xc-n-ep-
Nn sNbvXn-SmsX Nn-bn Gs-SmsX
Ahn-cXw Ftmgpw
Fn Af-n-Sp--sXmw Fnbpw Afpw Adn-bp--sXmw
{àw {àw am{X-amWv.
Hcp t`Z-hp-an Bm GIhpw At`-ZhpamWv.
Adn-n-tSWw CXv t_m[y-s-S-Ww.
] g-bXv Ifv ]pXn-b-Xv ssIsm-m-\mWv Bfp-I

sImXn-p--Xv. a\p-jya-\v ]g-b-Xv s]sv aSp-p-
p. a\-mWv hkvXp--tfbpw hyn-I-tfbpw ]g-b-Xm-p-
-Xv. B-kv]i-ta-m Fmw \ho-I-cn--s-Spw. Bm-
hn\v hmIyw _m[n-p-I-bn-. Bmhv \nhn-Im-c-am-b-
Xp-sImv Ime-kzm-[o\w Bm-hn Gevp-n-. a\-v
Ftmgpw ]pXpa tXSp kz`mhtmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. a\v
Imew-Xs - -bm-W.v Imew Ne-\a - m-W.v a\v \n-ea
- m-Ip-tm
A\p-`h - - Aar-Xm-\p-`h
-
- f - m-Ip-p. Atm Bmhv
kmn-ssN-X-\y-ambn {]Im-in-p-p. Hcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWp-tm AXns\ ]pXn-b-sXpw ]g-b-sXpw hnth-
Nn-d
- n-bp-XmWv a\-v. ]g-bX - ns\ \mw Xn-f - bpw. ]pXn-
b-Xns\ ssIsm-pw. \mw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ]pXn-bs - Xpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 134
]g-b-sXpw Xcw-Xn-cn-p-Xv GX-Sn-m-\-n-emWv? Ime-
t_m-[-n-emWv Fm A\p-`-h-fpw kw`-hn-p-Xv.
Cse FXv Hcp Ime-b-f-hm-Wv. AXp kw`-hn-p-I-gn
Imcy-am-Wv. kw`-hn-s
- Xmw `qX-am-Wv. kw`-hn-s
- Xmw Fhn-
sS-bmWv Ccn-pXv? kvac-W-bn-emWv ibnp--Xv. B
kvac-W-bpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv Cv Fv \mw ]d-bp-
-Xv. Cv h-am-\-Im-e-am-Wv. Cv C-se-tb-m IqSp-
X bmYmy-ap--Xm-Wv. Cns\ hp-sIm-mWv hcm-
\n-cn-p \msf-sb-p-dnv Nnn-p--Xv. CvCse
\msf Fv Imes apdn-bvp--XmWv a\-ns tPmen.
a\v AXp-sImv {àm--I-am-Wv.
]mm-Xy-Nn-I - \
- mb _Kvk tIh-ea - mb Imes
pure duration FmWv ]d-bp-X - v. {io\mcm-bW
- K - p-cp-hpw _
Kvk-sW-tmse GI-amb Ime-[m-csb JWvUn-p--Xns\
{àw FmWv hnfn-Xv. C-se-sbpw Cspw \msf-
sbpw D Iev]-\-I {à--fm-Wv. Ime-hn-n-n-I a\-
n-epm-Ip Nne {]Xo-Xn-I am{X-am-Wv. Ime-ns
ASn- m- \ - n ]g- b - s Xpw ]pXn- b - s Xpw hyh-
tZnp A\p-`-h-fpw {à-fm-Wv. Ime-ns Cu {à-
Nn--bn\npw m\-ns tIh-e-a-ln-am-hn-tev a\-
ns\ Dbn-sb-Sp--Ww. t`Z--fn-msX BZy--hn-lo-
\-amb Adn-hn A\p-`-h- ImeKW-\-bn s]Sm-sX-
Xs kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pv. B-{]-Xn-jvTn-X-amb
Hcp m\nv Ime-ns ]cp-t--msX Pohn-m-\-dn-
bmw. ac-W-amWv Ime-ta-ev]n-p Ghpw tLmc-amb ]cn-
v . Xm Aar- X - k z- c p- ] - \ m- s Wp kmm- X v - c n
m\nv qe-i-co-c-\m-i-n ac-W-`-b-ap-m-Ip-n-.
Ah\v Fm-n-t\bpw Hmbn ImWm Ign-bp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 135
59
Adn-hns\ hnY Rm\p-ansbs
ncn-bp-In-en--dnhpw, {]Im-i-am{Xw
Adn-h-dn-bp--h-s\p cp-tamm
semcp-s]m-cpfmaXn-en hmZ-ta-Xpw.
Adn-hns\ hnv Adn-hn\npw A\y-ambn

AY ]ns
Rm\pw C "Rm' F t_m[-n\pw
AkvXn-X-bn-.
Fs ]ncn-bp-In Fn\npw A\y-ambn
Adnhpw C Hc-dnhpw \ne-\n-evp-n-.
{]Im-ia- m{Xw Rm\pw AdnhpwHsdm {]Imi
ns cp hiam{Xw.
Adnhv Adn-shpw
Adn-bp--h Fp Adn-bp--h-s\pw D
cpw Hmm cpw At\z-jn-p-t\m-n-bm
Hcp s]mcpfmw Htc-sbmcp s]mcp-fmWv.
CXn m\nbvv Cm-cy-n
C hmZ-taXpw Xw Hp-ta-bn-.
hy h-lm-c-`mj-bn Rm Adn-bp-p, Fs Adnhv

Fsms \mw ]d-bm-dp-v. As\ ]d-bp-tm
hen-sbmcp sXns\ \mw ]nK-an-p-I-bmWv. "Rm' Adnhp
Xs-bm-Wv. Rm\pw Adnhpw Xn Hcp t`Z-hp-an-. "Rm
Adn-bpp' F {]-{In-bbn Adnhv \n--\npw AI-
n-cn-pXpt]mse tXmpw. F{Xtbm Bfp-I Adn-hp-
I tiJ-cn-m-\mbn ]pkvX-I- hmbn-p-]-Tn-p-Xv
\ ImWm-dp-v. ]pkvX-I-n-emWv Adn-hn-cn-p--sX
cqV-aq-e-amb tXm-ep-sIm-mWv \-psS hnZym-`ymkw-
t]mepw {K-tI-{o-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. am{X-a-, Fs
Btm]tZiiXIw 136
Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tm Fs hoSv, Fs Im F
hnh--I-fn hcp--Xp-t]mse Adnhpw Rm kzmb--am-
nb Fs Hcp ssIh-i-h-kvXp-hm-Wv. Adn-hns\ am{X-m]-
c-ambn a\-n-em-p-tm Af-hp-tIm-ep-I D]-tbm-Knv
Adn-hns\ Af-m \mw {ian-pw. hnZym-`ym-k{- ]-{In-bb
- nse
]co--I Fmw Bn-X-hn-m-\s Af-m-\p
am\-Z-WvU-fm-Wv.
Atm IqSp-X Adn-hp-h- kaq-l - n AwKo-Ir-
X-\m-Ip-p. Ah Adn-hmIp k-p-sImv A[n-Im-
cs ssIbm-fp-p. Adn-hns\ Zpcp-]t- bmKw sNm C-
s\-bp- Cu sXpm-cW CS-bm-n-bn-p-v. {^mknkv
t_s Adn-hmWv in F sNmv {]kn--am-Wv. hm
kvXh-n Rm\pw Adnhpw Htc-sbmcp {]Imiw am{XamWv.
Hcp s]mcpX-s-bm-Wv. Cmcyw kzm\p-`h - a
- m-bnp hc-Ww.
Atm-gmWv aqey-h
- mbn \app Pohn-m Ign-bp-I. Kpcp-
hns A\p-`-h-n\n-mWv Adn-hnsbpw Adn-bp--h-
tbpw GI-Xsb Kpcp Dun--d-bp--Xv. CXv eh-teiw
kwibanm kmy-am-Wv. AXp-sImv hmZ-s - fm-p-an-
msX Rm\pw Adnhpw Hs-p- A\p-`s - shIyw \mw t\Sn-
sb-Sp-p-Ww.
Imivao-cs
- si-hn-k
- ns aqe-{K-a - mb inh-kq{Xw XpS-
p-Xv ""ssNX-\y-amm'' Fp ]d-p-sIm-m-W.v ""ssNX-
\ym-Zm-KXw qe-kq-vam-I - a
- nZw PKXv'' Fp ]d-p-
sIm-mWv Kpcp A]-hm-Z-Zi\w XpS-p--Xv. {]Imiw
ssNX-\y-am-Wv. B ssNX-\y-amWv Adn-bp--h\pw Adn-b-
s-Sp {]]-m-\p-`-h--fp-ambn thn-cnv tkm]m-[n-
I-m-\-am-bn-o-cp--Xv. Adn-hn BZyta \Sp Cu
Zzzo-I-cWw Imc-W-amWv ]no-Sp apgp-h A\p-`-h-fpw
Xe-Xn-cn-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. m\w-sImv ssNX-\y-amb
BZn-a-k-sb Adnv Ctm Chn-sS-Xs Pohap-
n-]-Zs {]m]n--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 137
60
Adn-hn-s\bpw aa-X-bv-[o-\-amn
d-bp-an-Xn ]c-am-tamn-SmsX
]d-In-ep-a--c-X-z-sa--t]m-eo
bdn-h-dn-bp--h-\-\y-am-Ip-ho-e.
CXn CXns
]c-amw ]c-amw
Hmn-SmsX At\z-jn--dn-bmsX
Adn-hn-s\bpw Adn-hn-s\-tmepw
aa-Xbvv A[o-\-amn Fs Adnhv F Xc-n
Adn-hns\ kz-amn
]d-bpw Bfp-I ]dbpw.
]d-Inepw As\ ]d-mepw
B ]c-Xzw F-t]m B ]c-am--Xzw Adn-bp--h
AXp-X-s-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse
Cu Adnhv Fs Adnhv F Xc-n
Icp-Xn-tm-cp Adnhv
Adn-bp--h\v CX-dn-bp--h\v Ah-\n\npw
A\y-am-Ip-hoe A\y-am-bn-cn-p-n-.
C Xv Fs `qan, AXp \ns `qan, CXv Fs ]Ww, AXp

\ns ]Ww Fp ]d-bp-X
a\p-jy Fs Adn-shp hyh-lc
- p-t]mse Am-\n-bmb
- n-m-dpv. Adnhv ssNX-
\y-am-W.v A[n-jTv m-\k
- - I- q-Sn-bm-WX - .v ChnsS Rm sNdpXpw
Adnhv A\-h - p-am-W.v A\-X - sb ssIp-n-fn-sem-Xp-m
{ian-p Hcp Ipns _men-i-X-t]mse am{Xta Cu
hmIy-s Icp-Xm-\m-hp-Ib - p-q. ]c-am-n Rm Adn-
hp-X-s-bm-Wv. Adnhv Ft-X-. hen-sbm-c-n
Rmt]mepw Adn-hn-t-Xm-Wv. kXy-n Rm\pw Adnhpw
c. ]t, Fs Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tm Adnhv
Btm]tZiiXIw 138
Fn\npw _mly-amb Ftm Hm-sWv Icp-XpIbm-
Wv. AXp-sImv Adnhv kzmb-a - m-mthn a\p-jy
{]b-Xv\n-p-p. ]W-ap-m-m {]b-Xv\n-p a\p-jy-sc-
tm-se-Xs. hnZymeb-f - nepw tImtf-Pp-If
- nepw hnZymn-
I Ipn-bn-cpp ]Tn-p-Xp ImWptm Adnhv B
nm-\p at\m-`m-h-amWv Ah-cn {]hn-p--Xv.
AXn lnwk-bp-v. tkm{I-okv ]d hn{ip-Xh - N
- \
-
- -
fn-sem-v, \o \ns-s Adn-bpI Fm-Wv. \mw \s
Adn-bp-tm \mw Adn-hmbn amdp-p. Adn-bph-\pw
Adnhpw Hm-bn-o-cptm \nhrXn P\n-p-p.
Rm ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bpp Fp ]d-bp-X - n Hcp
sXp-.v Adn-bp-h
- ]c-am-m-hm-Wv F Imcyw A-h
Hmm-dn-. AXp-t]mse Fs Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tmgpw
Adnhv Fn\npw A\y-am-bn-tm-hpI-bm-W.v B tXm
\n \nc-IX krjvSn-pw, A]-Ij-t_m-[s krjvSn-
pw. "{]hm-NI
- ' F IrXn-bn Jeo Pn{_m ]d-bpp:
Fs ssZhta, Fp hnfn-m ]mSn-. Fs-m Rm
ssZh-n-t-Xm-Ip-p. ssZhw Ft-X - .
ssZhw Ft-Xm-sW-n Fs sNmev-Snv ssZhw
\nevW - a- m-bn-cp-p. \ ]d-bp-X - p-t]mse ssZhw A\p-
k-cn-W - a- m-bn-cp-p. hmkvXh -
- n ssZh-ns Cm-\p-
m-cn-I-fmWv \-sf-mw. ssZhw Fs-Xm-sWv hnNm-cn-
p B A-l - I - qSn \-n\npw t]mI-Ww. \mw ssZh-
t-m apn-bh - \ - m-sW {]Xy-a -
- m Hcp A-l
- mcw
\psS At_m-[ - n-se-hn-sStbm ibn-p-p-v. \-psS
aX-fpw Xz-Nn-I - fpw Cu Zqjn-Xt_m[-n \npw
Dmb Pmc-k - X - n-If - m-Wv. AhnsS Zzzm-I- X ]q-ambn
hnp-t]m-Ip-n-. Adn-hn\v \s hnp-sIm-Sp--Ww. ssZh-
n\p \s kan--Ww. Atm Al t]mIpw.
]ns Fv Ah-ti-jn-p-pthm AXmWv BXy-n-Ia - mb
kXym\p-`hw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 139
61
shfn-hn-jbw hne-kpp thdp-th-dm
bf-hn-Sp-an-{n-b-amp Xs [w
Pf-X-b-Xnp ZnKw-_-cmZn \mam
hen-sbm-Sp-b-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p.
shfn-hn-jbw ]pd-wtem-I-p- hnj-b-

thdp-th-dmbv Hv Hn\nv thsd-bmbn
hne-kpp {]Xo-Xam-Ip-p.
C{nbw Hmtcmtcm C{n-bw
Xs [w Bv AXm-Xns [s
Ah-ew-_n-p-sImv
Af-hnSpw C{n-b-hn-j-b-sf Af--dn-bpp.
PfX AXv C{n-b- sht-sdbmbn Af-d- n-
bp--Xv Am\w \nan--amWv.
Cv ChnsS {]Xy--n
ZnKw-_c- mZn Znv, BImiw ap-X-emb
\mam-h-en-sbmSv \ma-k- b - t- m-sSmw
Dbv \ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn Dbv
Adn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p tIh-e-m\s {]m]n-pp.
sh fn Fm ]pdw-tem-Ia - m-Wv. BIm-it- bpw shfn

Fp ]d-bpw. BImiw kh-hym-]n-bm-Wv. GsXmcp
hkvXp-hn\pw nXn sNp-hm CSw thWw. Ah-Im-iZ- m-
Xm-hmWv BIm-iw. Ah-Imiw Fm nXn-sN-m-\p
CSw Fm-Ww. Fm hkvXp-fpw BIm-i - n-emWv
Ccn-p-X- .v BIm-i
- n hkvXp Ccn-pI am{X-a
- , hkvXp-
hn BImihpw Ccn-p-p-v. BIm-i - n IpSw Ccn-p-
-Xp-t]m-se-Xs IpS-n BImihpw Ccn-p-p-v.
almImi-n-emWv F-a hnj-b - nXn sNp-X - v.
Hcp hnjbw thsdmcp hnj-b - n\npw thdn-mWv nXn
Btm]tZiiXIw 140
sNp--Xv. N-t]m-se-b am. amt]mse-b tX.
aWw-t]m-se-b kv]iw. cpNn-t]m-se-b i_vZw. C{n-
b-fpsS [-hy-Xn-cn-XsImm-Wv hnj-b- sshNn-
{Xy-ap--Xm-Ip--Xv. In\p cq]s ImWm Ign-bp-p.
cq]-amWv Ins [-hn-j-bw. In\p ImWp-hm-\p-
Ignthbpq. tIp-hm-\p- Ign-hn-. tIhn ImXns
[-am-Wv. ImXns hnj-b-ambn hcp--Xv i_vZ-am-Wv.
aqn\v Khpw \mn\v cpNnbpw Xzn\v kv]ihpw
[hnjb--fm-Wv. Cs\ Hmtcm C{n-b-n-\pw AXm-
Xns [hpw B [-n-\n-W-p hnjbhpw ]pdw-
tem-I-n nXn sNp-p-v.
Af-hn-m sshhn-[y-tm-Sp-IqSn temI-n cq]-
DXp-t]mse kv]i-fpw i_vZ - fpw K-fpw ck-
fpw At\-Ia - m-Wv. C{n-b - Chsb Adn-bp-Xv Af-
m-W.v Fm C{n-bh - n-jb-
- t- fbpw Af-m Ign-bpw. B[p-
\n-Ii
- mkv{Xw temIs a\-n-em-p-hm Af-hp-Isf am\-
I--fm-p-p. Kpcp JWvUn-X-ambn ]d-bpp: CsXms
Pf-Xb - m-Wv. Pf-Xs - bp ]d-bm ImcWw \m\m-Xz-n-
imiz-Xa - q-ey-sf ImWm {ian-p-Xn\m-Wv. {]m]-n-I-
{]-Xn-`m-k - s- fmw amdn-sm-n-cn-p-p. am-an-m-X - mbn
{]]-n Hpw-Xs C. Hcp hnj-b-n\np
thsdmcp hnj-b - n-tev {]nbs ]dn-p-\S- p-X - p-t]m-se-
b hnj-b - n\npw {]nbs ASn-sb-Spv Bm-
hn Dd-np \ndpp-X - v. BIm-iw, Znv XpSn ]m-ù-
Xn-Iamb temIw ap-gp-h \ma-k - b -
- f
- m-Wv. Fm \ma-
fpw A\m-an-bmb Adn-hn AS--Ww. Adnhv am{Xta
mbn-bmbnpq. CXdn-bp-tm PfX t]mIpw. Adnhp
Xs-bmWv Rm Bm-h.v CXdn-bp-tm AIta B\w
Ae-X-pw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 141
62
]c-h-i-\mbv ]c-X-z-sa-s-sX-tm
-cp-XcpsXp IYn--sXm-n-\mte
hcp-a-dn-th-Xp- hcm IYn--Xmte
]c-a-]Zw ]cn-Nn sNbvXn-tS-Ww.
]c-h-i-\mbv euIn-IXbvv ASnsv

]c-Xzw ]c-am-m-hns\
Fs-sXv Fs ]c-am-m-shv
Hm-cpXv Icp-Xm ]mSn.
Acp-sXv Icp-Xm ]mSn-sv
IYn--sXm-n-\mse ]d--Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw
hcp-a-dn-thXv? - F-dn-hp-m-Im-\mWv?
hcm IYn--Xmse shdptX ]d--Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw
m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-.
]c-a-]Zw ]c-am-m-hns\
]cn-Nn sNbvXn-tSWw a\-\-[ym\neqsS Adnb-Ww.
] c-hi
- X
- b
- mWv Hc-phs\ Xfp-X - v. kXyw thsd Fhn-
sStbm BsWp IcpXn AXns em`-n-\mbn {]b-
Xv\n-p-tm-gmWv ]c-h-i-\m-Ip--Xv. Xn\nv A\y-amb
Hcp hkvXp-hmWv Xm At\zjn-p-Xv Fp hnNm-cn-p-
-h Hcn-Spw Fn-t-cp-I-bn-. D-tc-y-bn Pohn-
n-cp m\n-bmb I_o ]d-bp-p: ""Cuiz-c an-c-
nepw akvPn-Zn-ep-a-. bmK-nepw tbmK-nepa. Cuiz-
c \ns {]mWs {]mW-\m-Ipp.'' \mw \nXym-\w sXc-
p-\-S-m XpS-n-bnv P- Hncn Ign-p. bm{X
Gsd sNbvXv `qan F Cu k{X-n Fn-tn-p
]Yn-I-m-cmWv \-sf-m-h-cpw. \-fpsS bm{X \psS
bYm ksbt-Sn-bp-XmsWv Adn-bp-tm
CXp-hsc sNbvX bm{X-I-sfmw hrYm-hn-em-bn-cp-p Fp
Btm]tZiiXIw 142
t_m[y-s-Spw. Ghpw ASp Hns\ Adn-bmsX AI-
se-bp--Xn-tep Xe \op \psS _pn ]mc-h-iy-am-
Wv. Xe-Xn-cn B _pn-sIm-mWv hopw \ ]c-
am-m-hns\ Adn-bm {ian-p--Xv. ]c-am-mhv GtXm Hcp
henb hkvXp--hn-s\-tmse am{Xta As\ At\z-jn-p-
-hs a\-n tXmpI-bp-q. Fs ]c-am-m-shv
Nnn-p-Xv sXm-Wv. ImcWw Fm Ft-Xp-Ifpw Rm\-
m--Xm-Wv. Fs hoSv Rm-\-. Fs DSpv Rm\-. Fs
ssI Rm\-. Fs icocw Rm\-. Fs a\v Rm\-.
AXp-t]mse Fs Bmhv Fv \mw ]d-p-t]m-Ip-tm
HmWw Rm\pw Bmhpw c Fv. ]cX-z-amb
Bmhv Ft-X-, Rm\m-Wv. Bm-hns\ kmm-Xv-cn-
m apv Gt-sXv Icp-Xn-bn-cp--sXmw Bm-\p-`-h-
n Hmbnocpw. \m\m-Xz-- B-m-\-n
AkvX-an-pw.
]c-am-m-hns\ Ft-sXp Nnn--cp-sXp ]d--
Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw \apv ]c-am--m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-.
D]-\n-jpw ss__nfpw JpB\pw at\m-l-c-ambn Dcp-
hn-Sp-hm Ign-bp ]WvUn-X-in-tcm-a-Wn-Isf \app ]e-
bn-Spw Is-m Ign-bpw. Ah aWn-a-Wn-t]mse thZ-
]p-kvXI sNmn-tn-p-X-cpw. ]t, Poh sImcp-
n sIWn-bn Ahcpw Hcp ]d-h-sb-tmse Nnd-In-Snp
\ne-hn-fn-p k`- ]e-tmgpw DmImw. _\w
Bg-n-ep ISpw-sI-m-Wv. Fs ]c-am-mth, Fs
ssZhta Fv ImWm-mTw ]Tnv ]d-p-\-S-m apn
ssIh-cn-. apn Gp-sNmn lrZn--am-m-hp--Xp-a-.
Bm-hns AKm-[-X-bn-tev kzw X]-n-\m Bn-
d--Ww. a\-\w-sImv a\-ns\ Dw-Ln--Ww. [ym\-
ns kmK-c-kz-X ssIh-cp-thmfw Cu ]cn-Nn- XpSn-
tS-Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 143
63
Adn-hn-en-cp--]-c-Xz-amn-Sm-Xo
bdn-hn-s\-bn--dn-bp--sX-ntb Xm
]c-h-i-\m-b-dn-hoe ]WvUn-X X
]c-a-c-l-ky-an-Xmcp ]mn-Sp-p!
Adn-hn-en-cpv Adn-hn\nv
A]-c-Xz-amn-SmsX Xs A\y-am-msX
Cu Adn-hns\ Bmhp Xs-bmb Adn-hns\
C-dn-bp-s- X-ntb ChnsS Adn-bm-sa--msX
]c-h-i-\mbv Xn\npw A\y-amWv Bm-hv
FpIcpXn At\z-jnp-Xn-eqsS
Adn-hoe Bm\p`hw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-.
]WvUn-X X Bm\n-bpsS
]c-a-c-lkyw ]c-a-clkyamb B-cn-Im-\p-`hw
CXmcp ]mn-Spp! BmWv a\-n-em-hp--Xv?
B m-t\z-jWw \S-p km[-Icn s]mXpth kw`-

hn-m\nS-bp- Hcp sXns\ Kpcp Xncp-n--cn-I-
bmWv sNp--Xv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Adn-bp--h-t\bpw ]rY-
-cnp ImWm ]mSn-. Bm-hn-s\-bmWv kmm-XvI-cn-
t--Xv. kmm-Xvmcw ka-Zi-\-am-Wv. kI-e-Xnepw
Bm-hn-s\-m-Wp-tm-gmWv Hcm ka-Zin-bm-Ip--Xv.
Fm Hcm km[-\-I sNp-tm Bmhv Xm\-
m thsd Fhn-sStbm Ccn-p Hm-sWp Icp-Xn-
bmWv A\p-jvTm-\- sNp--Xv. {]mn-p--hcpw
tbmKbpw {]mWm-bm-ahpw sNp--hcpw a{hpw ]qPbpw
\S-p--hcpw Fmw Ah-cn\nv A\y-Ym-I-cn Hcp
k-bmbn Bm-hns\ Ip-sIm-mWv A-t\z-jWw \S-
p--Xv. Hm-b kXys cmn hn`-Pnv hopw Hm-
n-tp-hmthn a\p-jy \S-p s]Sm-m-Sn-s\-
Btm]tZiiXIw 144
p-dn-tmv hyk-\-kz-c-n-emWv Cu tmI-ns Ah-
km-\-]mZw Kpcp Na-n-cn-p--Xv. ]WvUn-XX ]c-a-c-
lkyw Bpw Adn-bm Ignbpn-tm!
BcmWv ]WvUn-X? {K-im-e-bpsS Hgn tImWn-
en-cpv alm-{K- - hmbn-p-Iq-p-Ibpw Zp{Kl-amb Imcy-
]d-bp-Ibpw sNp Hcp _pn-Po-hn-sb-bmWv ]WvUn-
X-s\v kmam-\y-P\w Icp-Xp--Xv. Fm Kpcp C-c-
msc ]c-h-i-m FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. ]WvUn-X F-
. tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw Am-Z-an-I-fnepw an-hmdpw B{i-a--
fnepw Cu ]c-h-i-m A[--c-hym-bmaw sNp-Xv \
ImWm-dp-v. ]t, ]WvUn-X F hmns t\cmb
Aw A\p-`-h-km-I-ey-ap m\n Fm-Wv. ]c-a-amb
Adnhpw Rm\pw c F A\p-`-hs ]WvUm Fp
]d-bpw. Aev]w-t]mepw hn`m-Ko-b-X-bn-m t_m[-amWv
]WvUm. ]WvUm B-m-\-am-Wv. Cu A\p-`hw hen-b-
h-enb ]Zm-he - n-If
- n tImn-Wn samgn-p-sIm-Sp-m
Ign-bp-I-bn-. au\-ns AKm-[-amb Dsh-fn--am-Wn-Xv.
]c-a-c-lkyw Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-a-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm Poh-
sbpw ]cn-Wmaw Cu ]c-a-c-l-kys Ddn-bp--Xn-te-
mWv th-Xv. Fm CXv Bcpw a\-n-em-p-n-tm
F Aev]w tJZw \nd Hcp kzchpw Cu tmI-n
AS-n-bn-cn-p-p-v. Adn-tb--Xns\ Adn-bmsX Bbpv
If-p-Ip-fn-p Pohn-X-hr-n-I-fn Fsv AXmWv
Fmsavv sXn--cnp Pohn-bvp-hcpsS a-bvp
Hcp taSv IqSn-bmWv Cu tmIw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 145
64
{]Xn-hn-jbw {]Xn-_--ta-dn- ta-hp
nXns\ \nP-kvar-Xnsb \ncm-I-cnq
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm-e-XoX hnZym
\n[n sXfn-bp-n-Xn-\n \oXn-lm\n.
{]Xnhnjbw Hmtcm hnj-bhpw

{]Xn-_--tadn tahpp B-km-m-XvIm-c - n\p
XSambn hnpp.
CXns\ Cu XS-s
\nP-kvar-Xnsb B-kvar-Xn-sImv
\ncm-I-cnq Xn-f - b
- W
- w.
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm Bm-hns koa-b Hm-bm
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n Fm D]m-[n-Ipw AXo-X-amb
B\--L-\m\p-`qXn
sXfn-bpp Dn sXfn-bpp.
CXn\v C \oXn-lm\n CXn Abp--ambn Hp-an-.
h kvXphpw hnj-bhpw Xn A-c-ap-v. hkvXp a\-

ns {]nbm-{]n-b--fp-ambn Ie-cp-tm AXp hnj-
b-am-bn. hnjbw hnjw-t]m-se-bm-sWmWv AjvSm-h-{I-ap-
\n- ]d-bp-X
- v. ""apn-an-n-n hnq hnjw-t]m hnj-
b--sf.'' As\ ]d-bm Imc-Ww, hnjbw \-psS hmk-
\sb apgp-h DWn \s I-tm-p-I-cm-pw. hnj-b-
-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-tm cmK-tZz-j-sImv {]Xn-I-c-
W- {]Xn-_-- krjvSn-m-dp-v. Iw Fp ]d-
bp--Xv, Imay-hn-j-b-n-\p-th-n-bp- \nc--c-amb {]h
-\-am-Wv. Hcp hnjbw \psS A\p-`-h-n-tep IS-p-
h-cp-tm B hnj-b-tmSv A\p-_--ambn thsdbpw
At\Iw hnj-b- Iqw-Iq--ambn at\m-apIp-c-n-tev
Btm]tZiiXIw 146
Xn--bdn hcpw. Hmtcm hnj-b-Nn-bpw ""F\n-mZyw
]qo-Ic- Ww \Iq'' Fp ]d-bp-X - p-t]m-se-bmWv Imay-
hn-j-b-n-tep t{]cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. As\ Hcp
PohnXw apgp-h hnj-b-Nn--tbm-SptN {]h-\--fp-
ambn \ Ign-p-Iq-p-tm Pohn-X-ns BXy-n-I-
amb eyw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p.
cp Xc-n-ep-ff kvarXn-I (memory) \-n {]hn-
p-p-v. Hc-n Htc-sbmcp kvarXn Xs-bmWv
cp apJ--fn-tep Xncn-p-\nv {]hn-p--Xv. Hv
hnj-b-kvar-Xn-bpw, thsdmv B-kvar-Xn-bpw. B-kvar-
Xn-bn-eqsS am{Xta hnj-b-kvar-Xnsb Cm-Xm-m Ign-bp-
I-bp-q. hnj-bk - varXn _-\- n\p Imc-Wa - m-Ip-p. B-
kvarXn apn-k-m-b-I-am-Wv. Bm-hns kvarXn-sbbmWv
AXn-hn-iZ- k
- varXn Fv Kpcp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-X - v. Bm-
hns kzcq-]-hn-h-cWw Hcp kZvKp-cp-hn\npw tI-
Ww. Fm kvac-W-I-fp-tSbpw aqe-I--amWv B-k-. B
B-k--bn {]m]-n-I-Po-hn-X-ns apgp-h Hm-
I-tfbpw kqvaambn tImdn-bn-n-p-v.
ChnsS Cuiz-cs akvXn-jvI-n-emWv {]m]-n-I-tc-
J-I-sfmw tiJ-cn-ncn-p-sXv ]d-tb-n-h-cpw. B
kvarXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw AXn-cp-I-fn-m m\s
Bm-\--ambn A\p-`-hn--dnbp--Xv. sXfn-a-bp- Hcp Pohn-
X-ntev thsd Hcp Ffph-gnbpan. \mw B-\n-jvT-
amb km[\ A\p-jvTn--Ww. Fn-\mWv Aam-n-p-Xv?
hnj-b--fpsS XSw hnj-b-Nn Dn-S-tmfw am{Xta
Dq. F\npw Bm-hn\pw CS-bn Hcp a[y-hn
C. CXp X-an-m kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. \nP-kvar-Xn-sb- D-
Wn Pzen-n-p-\n-Ww. B\--n-tev ]ns Zqc-
ta-bn-. AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n Bm-\p-`qXnbmWv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 147
65
Hcp Ipdn \ma-dn-bm--sXm-p-an-n
pcp-a-d-hm-e-dn-ho-ep-Wn-sXmw
Adn-h-h-cn--Xn-c--Xm-I-bm-eo
bcp-a-sb-bm-c-dn-bp-tlm! hnNn{Xw!
Hcp Ipdn Hcp hi-p-\npw t\mn-bm

\mw Adn-bm-Xv \apv Adn-bm Ign-bm
Hpw Cv C Hpw-Xs temI-n C.
Dcp ad-hm cq]--fpsS ad ImcWw
CsXmw Cu temI-hn-j-b--sf-sbmw
DWv Adn-hoe B-t_m-[-m DWv \mw
Adn-bp-n
AXn-c- X
- m-Ib
- m A\--hn-im-e-am-b-Xn-\m
Cu Acp-asb t{]a-kz-cq-]n-bmb Cu Bm-hns\
Adn-h-h-cn Adn-bp--h Bcpw CXs.
Bc-dn-bpp As-n CsXms Bc-dn-bpp?
Atlm! hnNn{Xw! B-cy-I-c-amb Cu A\p-`hw
F{X hnNn-{X-am-Wv!
_ {Sm v d-en-s\-tm-sebp- Nn-I-m ssZh-n

hniz-kn-p-n-s-nepw Adn-hns in-bn hniz-
kn-p-p-v. Ch-cpsS Nnsb temPn- t]mkn-o-hnkw
(logical positivism) FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. Cu Nnm-]--Xn-
{]-Imcw Cu temI-n-ep Fm Adn-hpIfpw Hcn-
\apv ]q-ambpw Adn-p-Xom Ign-bpw. {]]-
ns AXnn-I Fhn-sS--bmWv? {]]w Fn\n-
mWv Dm-bXv? {]]--kr-jvSnp ]nn Fs-nepw
Dt-iyaptm? C-s\-bp- tNmZy-smw Hmtcmtcm
D-c- ]co--W--fn-eq-tSbpw \nco--W--fn-eq-tSbpw
Isnbnv AsXmw tNp-hp Nnn-p-tm
Btm]tZiiXIw 148
temIs kw_-n-p kp\n-n-Xa - mb Hcp Dcw Inp-
sapXs-bmWv temPn- t]mkn-o-hn-kp-I-fpsS hnizm-
kw. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp CXns\ Hcp hnizm-k-am-bn- ImWp-
-Xv. CXns\ Hcp km[y-X-bm-bn-mWv a\-n-em-p--Xv.
Hcp aXcnsb \apv Adn-bm-sa-n `qansb apgp-h
Adn-bm Ignbpw Fp-Xv Hcp km[y-Xb - mWv. AXp hnNm-
cnv BcmWv `qan-bn-ep- aX-cn-I-sfmw Fn-s-dpn
Xn-s-Sp-m t]mIp--Xv? As\ Bsc-nepw {ian-p-
p-s-n AXns\ apgp {`mst ]d-bm-s\m-q.
Hcp Ipdn \mw Adn-bm--sXm-p-an-n. Cs\ Hcp ho-
W-tIm-Wn\npw t\mp-tm \ap--dn-bm-\m-Im--
Xmbn Cu temI-n Hpw-Xs C. ]t, Cu Adn-
hn Hcp XI-cm-dp-v. Hns\ thsdm-n\npw hyXn-cn-
-am-n-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-X - v. AXn\p ImcWw Hcp hkvXp-
hns\ \mw Adn-bp-tm AXn\v Hcp cq]w Ds-p--Xm-
Wv. temIw Fp ]d-bp-Xv _lp-k-l{kw cq]-Xs-
bm-Wv. B cq]-smw \ma- sImSp-p-tm-gmWv
temI-hp-ambn \apv hyh-l-cn-m Ign-bp--Xv. Fm \ma-
cq-]--tfbpw ka-\z-bn--dn-bp Hcp kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bp-
v. cq]--fpsS ad ImcWw Cu kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bn-tev
a\-ns\ DWn-sb-Sp-m \apv Ign-bm-dn-. Cu kam-
\m-[n-I-cWX Pohn-X-n-s- ]c-a-amb A-am-Wv.
\nc-Xn-i-b-amb B\-hpw t{]ahpw hgn-sm-gp-Ip
Acp-a-bmb Cu Adn-hns\ Bcm-W-dn-bp-Xv? A{Xbpw
m\-]n-]m-kbpw kXym-t\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpap Hcmv
Cu Acp-a-bpsS Aa-c-k-m]w Km\-]o-bq-j-ambn A\p-`-hn-
m Ign-bpw. tbmKn-I-fpsS Nn-n elcn ]I-cp
Cu A\p-`hw F{X hnNn-{X-amWv! Fm Ap-X--fn-te-
pw-hv alm-p-X-am-bn-cn-p B-\nhrXn. Atlm!
hnNn{Xw!
Btm]tZiiXIw 149
66
Cc apX-em-b-h-sb-p-an-{]-Imcw
hcp-an-\nbpw, hc-h-p-\n-ev]-tXIw
Adn-hXp, \ma-Xp-Xs ap-sa-m
hcp-a-Xp-X hSn-hmp \nn-Sp-p.
Cc apX-em-bh kpJZpxJk-n-{i-amb hnj-b-

Fpw Fm-bvtmgpw
C{]-Imcw Ctm-gs- -t]m-se-Xs
hcp-an-\nbpw C\nbpw hp-sIm-n-cnpw.
hc-hv \nev]Xv \n--e-ambn \np-Xv
GIw Hp am{X-am-Wv.
Adnhv AXv AXv GI-amb Adn-hm-Wv.
\mw AXp-Xs \mw B Adn-hp-X-s-bm-Wv.
ap Fm-hcpw ap Fm-hcpw
AXp-X B GI-amb Adnhns
hSn-hmv kzcq]w ssIsmv
\nn-Spp \ne-\npp.
F m Pohn-Ifpw P\n-p-Xv hni-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hniv

Hcp Ima-am-Wv. hniv An-t]m-se-bmWv In-mfn
sm-n-cn-p-X - v. Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-p An-IpWvU - n
tev hnd-Ip-I Cp-sIm-Sp-m Ah In-m--emIp
Xp-t]mse hni-m-Ip Ansb ian-n-pXn\v Blm-
c-am-Ip hnd-Ip-I thWw. C{n-b- Bn ]q
hni-m-fn-I-fm-Wv. hnj-b--sf-bmWv C{n-b- Bl-cn-
p--Xv. Kpcp C{n-b-hn-j-b-sf Cc-I-fm-bmWv hnti-jn-
n-n-cn-p--Xv. ]e-X-c-n-ep Cc-IfmWv C{n-b-v
thXv. ]-hn-j-b-fpw Ah-bpsS ]e A\p-]m-X-n-
ep tNcp-h-Ifpw Cc-I-fpsS hn]p-e-amb {]]--s-bmWv
Btm]tZiiXIw 150
\apv apn Xon-cn-p--Xv. Cu hnj-b-{]-]--samw
\psS Ima-\I - f
- psS D]-ia
- \
-
- n-\m-bp- Cc-If
- m-Wv. i_vZ-
kv]i-cq-]-c-k-K-m-Zn-I-fmb Cc-Isf XnmWv Poh
Iqm-Sp--Xv. Xnmepw Xnmepw hnj-b- Xocn-.
hopw hopw hnj-b- hp-sImncnpw. hcn-I-am-
{X-a, Ah hp-t]mhp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. Fm t]m-
p-\n-evp kXyw Ht-bp-q. AXv Bm-hm-Wv. AXv
Adn-hm-Wv. B Adn-hmWv Rm.
Poh-s\ th-m-c\pw hnj--fm-Ip Cc-Ifpw Xn-
ep D`-b-_w Hcp ssPhn-I-{]-{In-b-bm-Wv. Fm Cu
ssPhn-I{- ]-{In-b - - p-dv Hcp ssZhn-I{- ]-{In-b- Nne hyn-
I-fn [ym\m-I - a- mb ]cn-h\w hcp-m-dp-v. Atm
Cc- I - f n- e p {]nbX Poh\v Ipd- b p- p. \nivvN-e-ambn
\np kmn-kz-cq-]\ - mb Adn-hn-t\m-Sp B`n-apJyw
Poh\v P\n-p-tmgm-Wv Cc-I-tfm-Sp Bk-nbpw B
nbpw eLq-I-cn--s-Sp--Xv. B-m-\-ns aptm-
Sn-bmbn \nth-Zm-h - sb {]m]n-t-X - p-v. B-m\w
hp-wt]mbpw Ccn-p Xc-nep-X-. AXv GI-am-Wv.
B GIw At\-IX - Ismw Imc-Whpw A[n-jT v m-\h
- p-am-
Wv. Rm B-cmWv? F tNmZy-n\v Rm GI-am-b Adn-
hp-Xs- -bmWv F D-ca - mWv e`n-p-X- .v Cu al-mb
Adn-hns {]kv^p-cW -
- f- mWv kIe \ma-cq-]-{]-]--hpw.
B-m-\n Xn\npw A\y-ambn {]]-s ImWp-
n- . A\yXzw Am- \ - Z - i - b n- e m- W v . hSnhv Fm
BIrXn FmWv Aw. Pe-ns hSn-hmWv Xnc. Xnc-
bpsS Df-f-Sw Pe-am-Wv. Adn-hns hSn-hp-I-fmWv Zriy-{]-
]-w. Zriy-{]-]--ns D-Sw Adnhp am{X-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 151
67
KW-\b- n\np Ihn-s- Xmp km[m
cW-anh cp-sam-gn-sm-c-\y-cq]w
\n\-hn-ep-an-Xp \n{Z-bn-epw ta
en\-\-K-c-n-ep-sa-p-an \q\w.
KW-\-bn \nv C{n-b-n-tbpw a\-n-tbpw

IW-p-Iq--ep-Iv
Ihn-Xv Hv Apd-p- Hv,
km[m-cWw C{n-b-sImpw a\-p-
sImpw KWn--dn-bm-hp Hv.
Ch cpw Hgn Ch cpw IqSmsX
Hcp A\y-cq]w thsd Fs-n-epw- X-c
- n-ep
Hcp A-dnhv
\n\-hnepw C DWhnepw C,
CXp \n{Z-bn-epw Dd--nepw C,
ta C\-\-K-c-nepw kz]v\nepw C.
Fpw C Fhn-sSbpw C.
\q\w CXp Xo-bm-Wv.
A dn-hns taJ-eI
- sf cmbn ]Ip-p-hv a\-n-em-p-
Xv imkv{Xo-ba - mb Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. KW-\b
KW-\-bn\np Ihn-Xpw Nne Bfp-I kwkm-cn-p-
- n-ep-Xpw
tm Cu cp hi-t- fbpw Iqn-p-gp kwkm-cn-pw.

Ah Nnn-p-Xpw Bi-b - p-g
- a
- p-m-p Xcn-em-
Wv. A-s\-bp-h-cpsS Nnbvv Hcp ASppw apdbpw
DmnsmSp-t-Xv Kpcp-hns [-am-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp
Cu hn`-P\w ]mm-Xy-Nn-I - cpw AwKo-Ic - n-p-X- m-Wv. Hv
tkm]m-[n-Im\w (relative knowledge). atXv \ncp-]m[n-I-
m\w (absolute knowledge). KW\ F hmp tIp-
tm AXv shdpw IW-p-Iq- am{X-a - , ]cn-KW- \IqSn-
bm-W-Xv. Fm- C{n-bm-\p-`-h-fpw AXp-t]mse t_m[
Btm]tZiiXIw 152
At_m-[A[-t_m-[{- ]-{In-bI - fpw ChnsS ]d-bp KW-\-
bpsS ]cn-KW - \- b- n hcp-X - m-Wv. KW-\b - ns]Sp Adnhv
km[m-cW - a- m-Wv. KW\ sF{n-bK - W
- \- b
- m-Wv. i_vZk
- v]i-
cq-]c
- k
- K
- - - f - mWv km[m-cW Adn-hns hnj-. km[m-
cW Adnhv At\-Ia - m-Wv.
KW\-bn\nv Ihn-Xv imkv{X-ns ]cn-KW - b - n
hcp-X -
- . AXv Am-\] - c
- a
- m-Wv. tbmKm-\p-`q-Xn-bn
ssIh-cp sXfn-hp D-am-W.v _pn-sImv Nnntm C{n-
b-sImv KWntm Adn-bm-hp KW-n s]-X
Cu Adn-hv. CXv Fm Adn-hnepw Ihn Adn-hm-Wv. Im v
]d-bp transcendental knowledge - AXo-X - m\w Gsd-p-
sd-sbms KW-\b - n\nv Ihn-X - m-Wv. ]uc-kvXyv
Cu `mj s]sp a\-n-em-Ipw. ]mm-Xy-a\ -
- p-h- v
{]Xy-{- ]-am-W- n-\- p-dt- v Xe-Xn-cn-p-t\m-p-hm cqV-
aq-ea
- mb Hcp ssh-_y-ap-v. Cu cp KW-\b - n s]Sm--
Xmbn aqm-as - Xmcp Xc-n-ep Adnhpan.
Nne aX-{K- - f - n- s]cpnp ]d-bp hyn-Ifnse
hn{`m-aI - mb (hallucinatory) A\p-`h
- a -
- s - f-tmepw km[m-cW
Adn-hns KW-nte Kpcp s]Sp-n-bn-p-q. a-- p-Sb - m-
Sbpw abno-enbpw NqSnb Dn--t\bpw ssIbn
Ipm-Sp-ambn acp`q-an-bn-eqsS \S-p-\o-p tbip-tZ-ht\bpw
Nnev kzm\p-`h - - n sXfn-bp-tm AsXmw Imev]\ - n-
I-amb a\-ns hncp-Xp-I am{X-am-bmWv Kpcp Fp-X - .v
C\-\K - cw kqcy-aW - U v e - a
- m-W.v apgp-h km-e] v n-I temIm\p-
`-h
- fpw Cu KW-\b - n hcp-p. AXv kz]v\ - ns t- em-
Ihp-am-Wv. a\v F{X k-ev]n-mepw Ahsbmw km[m-
cW Adnhp am{X-am-W.v KW-\b - n\npw KW-\m-Xo-Xa - mbn
t_m[s Dbn-sb-Spv \ncp-]m-[n-Ia - mb m\-\njvT-
bn Pohn-p-h - \v temIw _-\a -
- . hnjm-Z - nt\m \ncm-
ibvtm hiw-hZ- \ - m-tI Imcy-hpan-. \nw-K\mbn B\--
tmsS Pohn-m Ah\p Ign-bpw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 153
68
Ac-h-h-Sm-Ir-Xn-t]m-e-l- -c-m
bdn-hn-ep-aw-Kn-bnepw IS--bmte
Hcp Ipdn-bmcy-bn-Xn--\m-cy-bm-Ip
smcp-I-pdn-sb-p-W-tc-W-aq-l-imen.
Ac-hh
- S- m-Ir-Xn-t]m Ib-dns BIm-cs ]mmbn
sXn--cn-p--Xp-t]mse
Al Poh
cmbv cp [mc-bmbn
Adn-hnepw B-k--bn-tepw
AwKn-bnepw A\m--k--bn-tepw
IS-b- mte Htc-t]mse {]th-in-p-X - p-sImv
Hcp Ipdn B-h-i-p-\npw t\mp-tm
Bcy apn-bn-tep \bn-p
Adn-hmbpw
Hcp Ipdn A\m--h-i-p-\npw
t\mp-tm
CXv Cv CXv ChnsS
A\m-cy-bm-Ipp _-Im-c-W-ambpw Xocpp.
Fv FImcyw
Dul-imen a\-\-io-e
DW-tcWw A\m-m-hn\npw Bm-hn-
tep DWp a\-n-em--Ww.
Hm tcm Ippw ChnsS P\nptm cp Xc-n-ep

km[y-X-I Ah-\n A`-hn-n-p-v. Hp-In
Ah sXmb Adn-hns taml-h-e-b-n Ipcpn IjvS-
\-jvS--fpsS IW-p-I ]dv Pohn-p kmam-\y-P-\-
-fn Hcp-h-\m-bn-o-cpw. As-n Ah ]c-a-]p-cp-jm
-amb apn-bn-tep \bn-p \ncp-]m-[n-m-\s
kzoI-cnv B am-n-eqsS Ncnv ]q{]\pw kzX-
Btm]tZiiXIw 154
{-\p-am-bn-o-cpw. Cu cp hgn-Ifpw \psS apn e`y-
amsW-nepw GXp Xncs-Sp--W-sa \nbw hcp-
pXv \psS AXp-h-sc-bp- kwkvIm-c-n\pw Cuiz-
cm-\p-{K-l-n\pw A\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn-pw.
Hmtcm Ippw P\n-p-Xv ]qhPkva-c-W-I-fp-am-
bmWv. B kvac-W-I km[m-cW Hm-It]mseb
\n {]Im-in-p--Xv. Ahy--X-e-n {]hn-p
t{]c-W-I-fm-Wv Ah. Ahsb hmk\I FmWv thZm-
-im-kv{X-n hnfn-p-Xv. hmk-\IfpsSIqsS \psS
Hmtcm \nanj-tbpw A\p-`-h--fpsS -kw-kvmcs-IqSn
tN-s-Spw. Atm hmk-\bpw kwkvIm-chpw Hcp
hyn-bn h-am-\-Po-hnX-s kzm[o-\n-p-p. A-
s\ A\p- K r- l o- X - \ mb hyn ]c- a amb Adn- h n- t ev
Xncnv A[n-jvTm-\-k-Xys Adn-bm XpS-p-Xv Bcy-
bm-Wv. Bcy Fm Adn-hns t{ijvT-amb am-am-Wv.
Fm {]nbm-{]n-b - f - psS IXrXzw sXmbn Gs-Sp-
AwKn-bn-emWv hyn hn-p-s - X-n AXv A\m-
cybmb Adn-hm-Wv. CXp t_m[n-n-p-Xc - p-hm thn thZm-
n-I D]-tbm-Kn-m-dp- Hcp ZrjvSm--s-bmWv Kpcp
ChnsS amXr-Ib - mbn FSp-n-p-Xv. Nne shfn- - p-dh
- p-
sImv Npcp-p-InS-p Ibdp ImWp-tm AXp ]mm-
sWp \n\p `b-hn-lz-c - m-Im-dp-v. Ib-dn ]mns\ Im
Wp-Xv Adnhp Xs-bm-W.v Fm AXv Chn-Ss - k`-
n A\m-cy-bm-Wv. \mw {]m]-n-IZ- r-iy-f - n kXys
Zin-p-tm B Adnhv A\m--I-am-Wv. Fm Ib-
dn ]mns\ I B BXs shfnw hcp-tm Ib-
dn I ]mns\ \ncm-Ic - nv Ib F kXys Xncn-
-dn-bp-p. CXv Bcy-bm-Wv. \appw {]]-Z- r-iy-sf \ncm-
Icnv A[n-jvTm-\a - mb B-k - sb kmm-XvIc - n-m\m-
Ipw. A[n-jvTm-\s Adn-bp-tm-gmWv Pohn-X-ns
Aw ]q-am-Ip-X - v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 155
69
{ipXn apXemw XpcKw sXmSp-sm-cm--
{]Xn-a-sbgpw Ic-W-{]-ho-W-\mfpw
cXn-c-Y-ta-dn-b-l cay-cq]w
{]Xn ]pdta s]cp-am-dn-Sp--P{kw.
{ipXn apXemw sNhn apX-emb C{n-b--fm-Ip

XpcKw sXmSpv IpXn-c-Isf ]qn
Hcp B-{]-Xn-a-sbgpw Bm-hns {]Xna Fgp-p
IcW{]ho-W Bfpw a\-s kmcYn \nb-{n-
p--Xp-amb
cXn-c-Y-tadn cXn-bm-Ip cY-n Ibdn
Al Al
]pdta ]pd-p-
cay-cq]w {]Xn kpJ-hn-j-b-smw
AP{kw hopw hopw
s]cp-am-dn-Spp Npnn-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Po hnXw Hcp bm{X-bm-Wv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Cu bm{X

bn ]m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Cu bm{X XpS-n-bXv FmWv?
bm{X-bpsS XpSw Ime-nsbpw XpS--am-Wv. {]]--
ns XpS--hp-am-Wv. Pohs XpS--hp-am-Wv. Ncn{Xw CXp
apXmWv XpS-p--Xv. krjvSn-bnXs A\n-ln-
X-amb Am-\-amWv Bm-hn-\npw Fs ASn-
am-n-b-Xv. Bm-hn\npw ASp-Xpw AI-p-Xpw
Bm-hns Hcp {IoU-bm-Wv. AI-ep-tm Rm Bscp
ad-p-t]m-Ipp. Fs kzcq-]s hnkva-cn-pp. F{X
Hmn-npw Fhn-sS-bmWv Fs Dd-hnSw F-dn-bm Ign-
bp-n-. B Adn-m-bva-bn-\n-mWv \mw bm{X Bcw-`n-
Xv. Pohn-Xa - m-Ip B bm{X-bpsS ca-Wo-ba- mb Hcp Nn{XW
Btm]tZiiXIw 156
amWv Cu tmIw. bm{X sNm \msamcp hml\s
B{i-bn-p-p-v. cXn-cYw FmWv B hml-\-ns
t]cv. cXn Fm A`n-c-a-\-hm-RvO-bm-Wv. cXn-bn-s-n
PohnXw Ac-Xn-bmbn amdpw. AcXn aSp-m-Wv. temI-Po-hn-X-
n cXn Is-p--XmWv km[m-c-W-Po-hn-Xw. Bm-
hn cXn Is-p--XmWv Aym--Po-hn-Xw. hnj-b--
fn ZoL-Imew can-m Ign-bn-. hnj-b- s]sp
aSppw. AXp-sIm-mWv hnj-b- amdn-amdn A\p-`-hn-
m a\p-jy B{K-ln-p--Xv. Fm Bm-hn-ep
cXn imiz-Xa- m-Wv. Bm-hns\ aSp-p-Ib
- n-. Bmhv \nXy-
am-Wv. \mi-ap--X-.
cXn-c-Y-n-emWv Pohn-X-bm-{X. AXnse km-cn-bm-b
Rm {]Xna IW-s-bmWv Ccn-p-X - v. {]Xna Poh-\m-Wv.
Bm-hns {]Xn-_nw-_c - q-]a
- mWv Poh. Rm {]Xn-ab - m-
bn-S- p-\n-mWv F\nv bm{X sNtnh-Xv. Fs cY-
n\p Ap IpXn-cI - fpv. mt\-{n-b - f - m-Ip Av
IpXn-cI - . Gsd {]ho-W\ - mb a\-s Ic-Wa - mWv IpXn-c-
I-fpsS ISn-m ]nSn-n-cn-p-X - v. ]t IpXn-cI - m-
Is kpJ-hn-jb - - f - ntev IpXn-p-]m-bm-\mWv hy{K-X. kp-
c-cq-]- fpw arZp-kv]i-fpw lrZy-amb cpNn-Ifpw hmk-\-
Ifpw Im-\ - I - c
- a- mb i_vZ - fpw C{n-b - sf c - a
- n-np-
sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p. FmWv Cu bm{Xv Hcdp-Xn-bpXv?
Rm Fnse Bm-hmb Fs Adn-bW - w. Rm thsd
Fhn-sS-bp-a-. Rm Fn-em-sWv Adn-b-Ww. Atm
bm{X Ah-km-\n-p. Bm-hn Rm \n-e-\m-Ipw.
Fnse Ima-\I - fpsS Xo AW-bpw. IpXn-cI - fpw tXcm-fnbpw
cY-N{- I-fpw aqSa-n kqcy-In-cW - - Gevp-tm
Aen-p-t]m-Ip-X - p-t]mse Xntcm-`h - n-pw. cYhpw IpXn-c-
Ifpw Bm-hn AykvXamb kz]v\k - - n-à- mb A\p-`-
h-f - m-bn-cpp Fp t_my-s-Spw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 157
70
Hcp cXn- X-s-b-l--bn-{n-bmx
Ic-W-I-tf-_-c-sam-n-sXm-s-bmbn
hncn-bp-an-Xnp hncm-a-sap thdm
adn-h-h-s\--dn-thm-f-tamn-tS-Ww.
Hcp cXn-Xs Htcsbmcp B\w Xs-bmWv

Al A-l--bmbpw
C{nb C{n-b - fpw
Ax-I-cW A-c-W-fpw
Itf-_cw ico-chpw
Fn-sXm-s-bmbn Fn-hs- bmambn
hncnbpw thsd-th-sd-bmbnocp-Xv.
thdmw Adn-h-h Adn-bp--h-\mb Rm thsd
F-dn-thmfw Fp sXn-c- n-n-cnp-n-St- mfw
CXnp Cu hnj-b-c-Xnbvv
hncm-a-sav? hncm-a-sa-s\ Dm-Im-\mWv?
Hmn-tSWw Cmcyw \ Hm thWw.
B \w Ht-bp-q. AXv Bm-\

am{Xta B\-
q. thsd Fmw I]-St- {km-X
- a
- m-Wv. Bm-hns\
- ns t{kmX-mbn Adn-bm ]mSp-
- p-If- m-W.v anYym-Xzw-sIm-mWv
\ Atmv Hen-p-t]m-Ip-X - v. hyn-ic - o-c
- n\v D]m-
[n-If- n-eqsS am{X-ta can-m Ign-bp-Ib - p-q. Al-, A-
cWw, C{n-b - , icocw CsXmw hyn-KX-amb D]m-[n-
I-fm-Wv. Hmtcm a\p-jy-\nepw Cu D]m-[n-IfpsS kz`m-h-n\v
hyXym-ka - p-m-bn-cn-pw. Nne Bfp-If - psS Ip-Iv \
ImgvNi - - n-bm-Wv. Fm thsdm-cmv h-sf Xncn-
-dn-bm-\m-hp-Ib - n-. Nnev Fmw Bg-n Nnn-d - nbm-
\m-Ipw. ap Nnem-Is F{X tImepw a\-n-em-hp-Ib - n-.
CXv Bm-hns tZmjw-sIm- - . Bm-hns\ ad-p-h - n-cn-
Btm]tZiiXIw 158
p D]m-[n-If - psS tZmjw-sIm-m-Wv. D]m-[n-Iv Cu
tZmjw ssIh-n-cn-p-Xv hnI-e-amb I- k wkv I m-
csIm-m-Wv. I-s ipo-Icnm kwkvIm-cs
kmXzn-I-am-m Ignbpw-. A--cWw ip-am-Ip-tm
D]m-[n-tZmjw ]cn-lr-X-ambn B-kz-cq-]s kz-Xt- bmsS
ImWm-\m-Ipw.
Htc-sbmcp B\w am{Xta Dq. Bmhv GI-am-b-X-
bp-sImv B\-hpw ]e-Xm-Im Xc-an-. D]m-[n-t`-Zw-
sImpam{X-amWv hnj-b-\m-\mXzw {]Xo-X-am-IpXpw hnj-
b-t`m-KXzc s]cp-Ip-Ibpw sNp--Xv. Kpcp shfn-s-Sp-p-
Xv, hnj-bhpw A\p-t`m-mhpw thsd-th-sdsb tXm-
ep-n-S-tmfw -cXn \m\m-hn-j-b--fn hncn-p-sIm-n-
cn-pw. Bm-\--n Cu thp-a-Ifn-. hnj-b-t`m-K-
fnemWv t`Zw hcp-X - v. AXp-sImv Fm t`mK-pw
Hcp AdpXn hcp--W-sa-n B-cXn Hp am{X-amWv
kXy-am-bn-p-q F A\p-`-h-\njvT Bn-p-I-bmWv
th-Xv. Hcp cXn ]c-a-t{]-a-am-Wv. \mc-Z-a-ljn `nbmbn
\nh-Nn-p-Xv ]c-a-t{]-a-s-bm-Wv. B\-n-p-hm-\p-
A`n-emjw Pohn-I-fn kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. B\--amWv Pohn-
X-ns Aw. Bym-n-I-Po-hnXw B\-s \ntj-
[n-p--X-. B\-s ]q-Xbpw XnI-hp-ap--Xm-p-
-Xm-Wv. km[m-cW Bfp-I ssewKn-I-kpJ-s-bmWv
cXn Fp ]d-bp--Xv. ssewKn-I-kpJw cXn-bpsS _mly-
Xew am{X-am-Wv. B cXnsb B-X-e-n B\p-`q-Xn-I-
ambn A\p-`-hn-m ]p-tm-gmWv lXm-i-\m-ImsX Pohn-
m Ign-bp--Xv. Adn-bp-h\pw Adnhpw Hsdn-bp--
XmWv cXnbpsS ]mc-ayw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 159
71
kh-\-sam-gnp ka-Xz-amp \nev]o
eh-\n-bn-em-cp-a-\mZn eoe-bt{X
Ahn-c-f-am-Ip-an-Xm-I-th-b-dn-m
eh-\-Xn-c kpJw `hn-n-Sp-p.
kh-\-sam-gnv krjvSnbpw eb-hp-an-msX

Ah-\n-bn temI-n
Bcpw Bcpw-Xs
ka-Xz-amp \n-e-amb \ne-bn
\nev]oe \np-n.
A\m-Zn-eo-e-bt{X P\-\hpw ac-Whpw hmgvhpw
BZn-bn-m- eoe-bm-Wv.
Ahn-cf-amIpw apS--an-msX \S-p
CXv BIth Cu {]{In-b-Isf ]q-ambpw
Adn-m B\p-`q-Xn-I-ambn Adn-m
Ah\v B m\nv
AXn-c AXn-cp-I-fn-m
kpJw ]c-am-\w
`hn-n-Sp-p e`n-pp.
`m K-h-X-`--m {]]-ns krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-c-

sf `K-hms eoe-bm-bmWv Zin-p-X - v. Nn{X-Im-c-
\mb `K-hm Hcp sImp-Ip-n-s\-tmse {]]-cN\
\Sn Ifn-p-Ibm-Wv. `K-hms Nmb-q-p-I-fn\npw
Dcphw sImp \mw Pohn-Xs Icp-n-Sn-np-h-cptm-
tgpw ]pXnb Nmb- tXv `K-hm \s ambvp-If - -
bpw. ]ns AhnsS thsdmcp Nn{Xw hc-bvpw. {]]-k - r-
jvSnv Hcp tkmt-iy-X-bp-sv ]d-bp-Ibpw AsX-m-
sWv Is-m {ian-p-Ibpw sNp Xz-Nn-I-fp-
v. Fm As\ Hcp eyhpw Csp hmZn-p-h - -
cp-apv. Cu cp KW-nepw {io\mcm-bW - K
- pcp ]d-bp
Btm]tZiiXIw 160
A\m-Zn-eo-esb Ds-Sp-m Ign-bp-Ibn-. \s kw_-
n-n-S-tmfw A\m-Zn-eo-e-bn ]q-ambpw \mw ]m-fn-
I-fm-bn-n-. B eoe-bn ]p-tN-cpI Fp-X - mWv \psS
kp\nn-X-amb Dt-iyw. {]]--eo-e-bn Dt-cp--Xn\v
XSw \np hyn-K-X-amb Al-sb \nm
\w sNm-\p- {iaw \mw \S-t--Xpv. {]k-hn-p--
Xn-s\-bmWv kh\w Fv ]dbp--Xv. Cu {]I-cW - - n
Bm-hn-emWv {]k-h - \S-p-X - .v {]k-hn-pI am{X-a - ,
{]Xn-{]-kh - n-p-Ibpw sNp-p-.v GsXmcp K`-n\npw
Hv PmX-amtbm B K`m-ib -
- n-te-p-Xs AXns\ Xncn-
s-Sp-p-X - n-s\-bmWv {]Xn-{]-khw Fp ]d-bp-X - .v {]k-
hhpw {]Xn-{]-kh - hpw Fspw Bm-hn \S-p-sIm-t-
bn-cn-p-p. AXn\v Hcp apSn-hp-an-.
]n.Un Hukvs]kvIn F XzNn-Is {]kn--
amb Hcp {K-amWv Tertium Organum. Atlw djy- ann-
mb KpPn-^ns injy\m-Wv. Hukvs]kvIn ]q-t
bpw (whole) Awi-tbpw (part) kw_-n-p Hcp Xz-hn-
Nmcw \S-p-p-.v ]qn At\Iw Awi- Dm-
Imw. Fm Fm Awi- tNmepw ]q-am-IW - s
- a-
n-. Hcp cq] \qdp ss]k-bm-W.v \qdp ss]k tNm
Hcp cq]bmIpw. CXv \psS km[m-cW KW-\b - m-W.v
Fm Bm-hns\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Cu KW\
hne-tm-Ip-n-. F-a \ma-cq-]--fmWv {]]w. AXv
At\-I-am-Wv. GI-amb Bm-hmWv Cu \ma-cq-]-v
A[n-jvTm-\w. Fm Fm \ma-cq-]--tfbpw Iqn-h-mepw
Bm-hns ]qX Inp-I-bn-. \ma-cq-]-sf \ncm-I-
cnv ]q-amb Bm-hns\ Hmbn Adn-b-Ww. AXmWv
Am\w. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp AXp-sIm-mWv Ahn-c-
f-am-Ip Cu kh-\-{]-{In-b-Isf BIth Adn-bWw Fp
]d-bp-X- v. Atm Ah ]c-am-\-
- ns koa-b thyma-
n aXn-a-dm\n-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 161
72
{Inb-sbmcp Iqdn-X-hnZy; tIhew Nn
bn adp-Iq-dnXp hnZy; amb-bmte
\nb-X-an-Xn-s\ \nevn-epw ]ncn-
zb-]-c-`m-h\ Xpcy-ta-In-Spp.
{Inb Hcp Iqdv Hcp hi-p-\npw t\mp-tm

{Inb-I \S-p-p.
CXv AhnZy CXv Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
adp Iqdv CXns FXnh-i-p-\npw
t\mn-bm
tIhew Nnbn GI-amb Adn-hns \ndhp am{Xw.
CXv hnZy CXv hnZy-bm-Wv.
amb-bmte amb ImcWw
CXv Cs\ hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw Cs\
\nbXw Ftmgpw
]ncn-p-\n-evnepw thdnp \np-sa-nepw
AZzb-]-c-`m-h\ AZz-bhpw ]c-hp-am-b-Xns\-
[ym\n-p--Xn-eqsS
Xpcy-ta-In-Spp Xpco-bm-\p-`qXn Dm-Ipp.
a \p-jy Fsmw sshhn-[y-ap I--fmWv Znh-

khpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Hcp arK-n\v a\p-jy-
t\mfw ko-XI - ImWp-n. a\p-jy {Inb-I sNp-
Xv ^tem-t-iy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ipdp kpJ-n\nv
IqSp-X kpJ-amWv Fm I--fp-tSbpw eyw. Akw-
kvIr-X-h-kvXp-sf kwkvI-cn--W-sa-n AXn a\p-
jy Ahs Azm-\s sNep-t--Xpv. A-s\-
bmWv imkv{Xw Hmtcmtcm Ip-]n-Sn- \S-p Xv.
Imep-sImp \S-m-hp a\p-jy Imdpw hnam-\hpw Ip-
]n-Sn-Xpw \nn-s-Sp-Xpw {Inb-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. imco-
Btm]tZiiXIw 162
cn-I-am-\-knIkpJ-n-\p-thn {Inb-I sNpXv Ahn-
Zy- ImcW-am-Wv. kpJw {Inb-IfpsS kz`m-h-a-. Bm-hns
kz`m-h-am-Wv. Bm-hns kz`m-h-am-b kpJ-n-\p-thn
IW-n-msX {Inb-I sNbvXpIqn-bXp-sImv Fp
{]tbm-P\w?
AXp-sImv bmK-fpw b-fpw A\p-jvTm-\ - fpw
B-km-m-XvIm-c - n\v t{]mm-l\ - o-b
- f
-
- . I-
Nn-ip-o-I-c-W-n\v klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]pWy-I-
]m]-k - p-ea - mb a\ns\ hna-eo-Ic - n-p-p. Fm ]pWy
Iw tam-Zm-b-I-a-. i-cm-Nm-cy m\-s-bmWv
I-ns m\v tam-tl-Xp-I-ambn IcpXp-Xv.
m\-e-_v[n-p-thn Iw sNp--Xn-eqsS m\-
I-k-ap--b-tZmjw kw`-hn-p-sav im-cm-Nm-cy ]d-bp-
p. I-sf s]mXpth sshZn-I-I--sfpw euIn-
I-I--sfpw cmbn XcwXncn-mw. euIn-I-Iw
Cl- t em- I - t `m- K - pw bmKm- Z n- I - kz- { ]m-
]vXnbvpw thn-bm-Wv. cnepw Imaw Ien-cn-p--
Xp-sIm-v Ahn-ip-a - m-W.v \njvIm-aI- -amWv Nn-ip-nv
Imc-W-am-Ip--Xv. AXns\ I-tbm-K-sav ]d-bpw.
I-f - psS adp-]p-dw hnZybm-Wv. Nn-bnbmb Bm-
hns\ `mh-\s - N-p-XmWv hnZy. Ahn-Zysb \ncm-Ic - n-m
hnZy-bpsS klmbw Bh-iy-ap-v. Hcp app Xd-m th
sdmcp app-sImv AXns\ FSpp If-bp-X - p-t]mse Ahn-
Zysb hnZy-sImv \nho-cy-am-mw. hnZy B-cn-Ia - mbn {]Im-
in-tXm-Wv. AXn\p I-ns Bh-iy-an-. hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw cmbn ]ncn-p-Xs Ftmgpw \np-p.
Ch cpw amb-bpsS A[o-\X - b
- n hcp-X - m-Wv. Pohs
kwXp-e\ - m-hv hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw ]c-kv]cw klm-b-
I-ambn hn-p-sa-nepw Bm-\p-`h -
- n\v Cu Zzz-tbpw
Dw-Ln-Ww. As\ AZz-bhpw ]-chpamb Bm-hns\
[ym\n-p-tm Xpco-bm-\p-`q-Xn- ssIh-cpw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 163
73
Hcp s]mcp-fn--e-t\-I-ap--t\Iw
s]mcp-fn-sem-c-hp-sa _pn-bmte
Adn-hn-e-S-p-a-t`-Z-am-bn-sX-m
hcp-a-dn-ho-e-Xn-tKm-]-\o-b-am-Ipw.
Hcp s]mcp-fn- Hcp k-bn

At\-I-apv At\Iw cq]-t`-Z- fpv.
At\Iw s]mcp-fn At\Iw cq]-t`-Z--fn
Hcp A-hpw GI-amb Ahpap-v.
F _pn-bmte Cu m\-ap-m-bm
At`-Z-ambn cq]-t`-Z--sfmw t]mbn
Adn-hn-e-Spw Adn-hns GIm--I-X-bn
- Fmw D-S-n-\n-evpw.
CXv Cu Zi\w
Fm-hcpw Adn-hoe Fm-hpw t_m[y-s-Sp-n-.
AXn-tKm-]\
- o-ba- mIpw CXp Xopw cl-ky-amb
m\-am-Wv.
ù Xn-I-imkv{Xw {]]--ns BZnaksb At\z-

jnp sN-tm AXp ]Zmw (matter) BsWp
Is-n. Htc-sbmcp ]Zmw {]]- - nse sshhn-y-
sf ]ns F-s\-bmWv P-\n-n-Xv? _lp-hn-[a - mb ssPh-
ssh-hn-y-f
- nsemw A-c - a
- m-bXv Htc-sbmcp ]Zm-
am-sWp ]d-bp-tm \mw Xw ]d-bm-dn-. Fm temI-
nse aX- {]]- - ns {kjvSm-hmbn AZr-iy-amb
Htc-sbmcp Cuiz-cs\ {]Ion-p-tm Nne AXns\
Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw thsd Nne Aan-Xa- mbn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.
Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv XpS-p--Xp-Xs PK-n-
semw Cui Bh-kn-p-p-sp ]d-p-sIm-m-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 164
Cui-\mWv At\Iw s]mcp-fnse Hcw. ]-`q-Xm--I-
amb {]]-hpw B {]]--nse F-a \ma-cq-]-fpw
At\Iw s]mcp-fp-I-fmbn Fm-hp--Xm-Wv. Cuiz-cs\ aX-
-fpsS krjvSn-bmbn sXn--cn-p--h-cp-v. Ahsc kw_-
n-n-S-tmfw Cu Zmi-\n-I-{]-tl-fn-Isb Xom Ign-
bp-Xv, ]c-aamb Imc-W-n \nmWv Cu temIw PmX-
am-bsXpw F-a krjvSn-Pm-e--fn- B ]c-a-Im-cWw
A-ambn Ccn-p-p-spw Adn-bp--Xn-eqsSbmWv.
CXn-eqsS Ahv Hcp ka-\z-b-_pn ssIh-cn-m\m-Ipw.
{]]--nse \m\m-Xz-v ]c-am-k-sb B{i-
bn-msX \ne-\n-evm-\m-hp-Ib
- n-. ]c-am-k
- bvv {]]-
-cq]w ssIh-cn-msX nXn-sN-m-\p-am-hp-I-bn-. GIw
At\-Iw Fp Nn-t]mepw Ah-km\w Adn-hn AS-
pw. t`Z--fn-msX Hm-Ipw.
Adnhp am{Xta Fm AkvXn-X-Ipw Dd-hn-S-am-bn-cn-
p-p-q. Fm-hpw Cu Xzw Adn-bm Ign-bm-Xv
FpsIm-mWv? Kpcp ]d-bpp, CXv tKm]y-am-sW-v. Cu
Ah-t_m-[-n-semcp cl-ky-kz-`m-h-ap-v. hnjbhmk-\-
IfpsS in-bmb Xn--aqew B-_pn sXfn-p-In-
m hfsc {]bm-kambXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp CXv tKm]-\o-
bsap ]d-bp-X - v. ]d-p-sIm-Sp-mepw _pn-sImv a\-
n-em-m-sa--msX A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS Xe-n hc-W-sa-
n hmk-\m-bw Dmbn B-tN-X\ - b
- n a\v \njv]-
-am-I-Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 165
74
s]mSn-sbm-cp-`q-hn-e-kw-Jy-a-sm-Sn-p
sSp-samcp `qhn-Xn-\n `n-`mhw;
PU-a-a-cp--Xp-t]mse Nnnepw Nn
pS-en-ep-an-n-Xn-\m-en-tXmn-teIw.
s]mSn s]mSn
Hcp `qhn Cu `qan-bn
AkwJyw F-a- X- mWv.
B s]mSnv DsSpw B s]mSn-bpsSsbmw
Dm-bn-cn-pXv
Hcp `qhv Htc-sbmcp `qanbmWv.
CXn-\n `n-`mhw `qan-bn\npthdnv s]mSntm -
s]mSnbn\np thdnv `qantm
\ne-bn-.
AXp-t]mse AXp-t]mse
PUw Nnnepw PU{]IrXn Adn-hnepw
Nnv DS-enepw Adnhv PUhkvXp-fnepw
Aa-cpp D-en-bpp.
Cv CXn-\m CXp-sIm-p-Xs ChnsS
Hmn a\\w sNbvXp t\mn-bm
CXv Nnpw PUhpw
GIw HmWv.
Cu `qan apgp-h\pw s]mSn-sImv Xnn-\n-d-ncn-p-Ib

Wv. s]mSn Fm kqvaa - mb Xcn-If
- m-
- m-W.v Fsmw
Xc-n-ep s]mSn-I? B[p-\n-Ii -- mkv{Xw ]d-bp-Xv ]c-
a-tc-Wp-- sImmWv {]]-w- \nn-Xa - m-bn-p-Xv Fm-
Wv. Ce-Ivt{SmWpw t{]mtmWpw \yqt{SmWpamWv Hcp B--
ns DL-S-I-. C-s\-bp F-a ]c-am-Wp
{]]--\nn-Xn-bn ]p-tNn-cn-p-p-v. Kpcp ChnsS
Btm]tZiiXIw 166
`qan-bnse s]mSnsbbmWv DZm-lc - W-n-s\-Sp-p-X
- v. Kpcp-
hns Cu Zmi-\n-I-hn-Nmcw hni-Z-amb A-n-emWv
\mw a\-n-em-t--Xv. Ipih Hcp IpSw Dm-n-bm
AXn-\p-]t- bm-Kn Ifn-av s]mSn-bm-Wv. B IpSw apgp-h
s]mSn-bmWv. B s]mSn-Ifnsemw IpSancn-p-psp ]d-
bp-Xv AXn-it- bm-n-b- . IpS-n\v BIm-cw \Ip-Xv
s]mSn-Ifm-Wv. s]mSnIsf hnv IpS-nt\m IpS-s-hnv
s]mSntm nXn-sN-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-. Atmpw Ctm
pw Dtn-cn-p Cu Ah Xs-bmWv \psS
AkvXn-Xbnepw D-Xv.
\mw a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw Nne-tm-sgms cmbn
]Ip-p-hv a\-n-em-n-tm-cm-dp-v. sds\ sUmv F
]mm-Xy-Nn--I-\mWv a\-n-t\bpw ico-c-tbpw ]ncn-p-
hv Nn-bvsmcp cq]-`-{ZX sImp-h-cp-hm {ian--Xv.
Fm sUmns Nn tcmKm-Xp-ca - mb Hcp hyn-Xz-
n-te-mWv a\p-jys\ \bn-X - v. a\pw ico-chpw csp
[cn-p-X- n-eqsS Pohn-X - ns Akw-Xp-en-Xm-h XpS-p-
I-bm-bn. Kpcp a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw PU-am-bmWv I-
Xv. Nnv Adn-hm-Wv. NnmWv a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw
{]Im-in-n-p-X - v. a\pw ico-chpw Nnn\v hnt[-ba - m-Wv.
Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`mXnAXns {]ImiwsImmWv
ChnsS khhpw {]Im-in-p-Xv F D]-\n-jZ- vhm-Iys
Kpcp Cu tmI-n kzmwio-Ic - n-p-p. ]mm-Xy-XzNn-
bvpt]mepw `{ZX \evIp Xc-n-emWv Kpcp ka-\z-
bs Ah-Xc - n-n-p-X- .v Nnpw PUhpw Fp hn`P\w
Hcn-epw kw`-hn-n-n-- Fpw PU-n Nnv A-an-cn-
p-Ibpw Nnn PUw A - a- n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-sv
Kpcp shfn-s-Sp-n. Imev]-\n-I-ambn a\p-jy krjvSn-
t`Z_p-n-Is - f Kpcp ka-{K-ambn ka-\z-bn-n-p-Ib - mWv sNp-
-Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 167
75
{]IrXn Pew X\p t^\-am-gn-bm-m
hl-a-l-sa--e-bp--Xqn-Pmew
AI-ae- c- m-dn-shms app-Xm Xm
\pI-cp-h-Xm-a-ar-Xm-b-Xnp \q\w.
{]IrXn Pew {]IrXn Pe--kam\amWv.

X\p t^\w ico-c- sh-p-an-f-I
t]mse-bm-Wv.
Bgn Bm Bm-hn\p kmK-c-ns
kz`m-h-am-Wv.
Alw Alw Fv Rm Rm Fv
Ae-bp-Xv ey-an-msX Ae-bp-Xv
Dun-Pmew Xcw-K\- n-cI
- f
- mWv.
AI-a-e-cm B-kq-\-ambn hncnbp
Adn-shms Adn-hp-I-sfmw
app-Xm ]c-am-\-am-Ip app-IfmWv.
Xm Aar-Xm-b-Xnv Hcp-h Ahsb Aar-X_np-
fmbn ChnsS
\pI-cp-hXmw \q\w Xo-bmbpw \pIcpp.
D ]-a-I-fn-eq-tSbpw _nw_--fn-eq-tSbpw {]Xo-I--fn-eq-

tSbpw kwkm-cn-p-Xv temIv Fhn-sS-bp-ap ]ucm-
Wn-I-amb Bym-n-Ikmln-XnI-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
B ]ucm-Wn-I-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS In apdn-bm irwJ-
esb {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNp {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphpw D]-a-I-
fn- e q- s SX- s - b mWv Bm- t \z- j - I - \ n Aar- X - h jw
sNmcn-bp--Xv. Bmhv Bgn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bgn Htc-k-
abw Bg-ap-Xpw A\--hp-am-Wv. Cu Ah-\n-bn Bgn-
tb-m t{ijvT-amb Hcp D]-asb Bm-hn-s\-p-dnv ]d-
bm thsd Hcp hkvXp-hnepw Zin-m-\m-hp-Ibn-. B
Btm]tZiiXIw 168
Bgn-bnse Pew-t]m-se-bmWv {]Ir-Xn. Pe-amWv Bgnv
k-bm-bn-cn-p--Xv. Bgn-bpsS D-Sw Pe-am-Wv. Bgn
kpvam-n AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. Bmhv AtKm-N-c-am-
bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se. Fm Pew tKmN-c-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-
t]m-se. B Pew Ipan-f-Iv cq]w sImSp-p-tm
AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-bn ImWp sshhn-[y-am ico-c - -
fmbn ImW-Ww. Pe-ns hSn-hp-I-fmWv t^\-. {]Ir-
Xn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a--fmWv AWp apX B\-h-sc-bp
Fm Poh-i-co-c--fpw.
\nc-\n-c-bmbn Ae-psIm-n-cn-p Xcw-K-Pm-e-
Al--bm-Wv. Xcw-K-\n-c-I FmWv At\z-jn-p-Xv?
Ah Ic-bn-tev HmSn-b-Wv kzbw Xn--Iv IS-
enXs Xncnpe-bn-p-p. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Alw
hnj-b - p ]nmse Ae-p-Xn-cnv kzbw `m-i-
\mbn Bm-hnXs hphne-bn-p-X - v. Kpcp-hns IrXn-
I-fn apgp-h IS-en-s Nn{Xw hopwhopw {]Xy-s - p
ImWm-dp-v. Kpcp A{X-am-{Xw IS-ens\ ASp-d - n-n-cn--
Ww. B IS-en-\S- n-bn app-I Hfn-n-cn-p-Xv D]-cn-X-
e-n\npw t\mn-bm ImWn-. Bgn-tep t]mI-
Ww. Bg-n-emWv B\--w. Bm\-hpw appw Hp-X-
s. Bg-n apm-p-gn-bn-m app-I-fpsS I-n-
p Ie-hd - b- n \mw Fn-tcpw. AXp-t]mse Bm-
hns Bg-f - ntev [ym\m-I - a- mbn Bp-t]m-bm B\-
m--I-amb Adnhv DWp-hc - pw. B Adn-hp-I apn-t\-
m aqey-ap B-kq-\ - f - m-bn-cnpw. Aar-X\ - n-jy-n-
bmb Cu Adn-hp-I Hcp m\n-bpsS sFln-I-Po-hn-X-
ns ku--cym--I-Xsb hy-am-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 169
76
aW-e-f-hp sNmcn hm]n-bn-t
eWn-b-Wn-bm-be hoin-Sp--hw
A\r-X-]-c-c hoin-b--cm-m
hns\-b-Ita _lp-cq-]-am-n-Sp-p.
aW Af-hv Aan-X-ambn aW
sNmcn hoWp-sIm-n-cn-p
hm]n-bn-t Ipf-n
AWn AWn-bmbv Hn\p ]ndsI Hmbn
Ae hoin-Sp hw Ae-am-e-I Dm-Ip--Xpt]mse
A\r-X-]-c-c hoin Hsm-mbn hcp
Ak-Xym\p-`-h--fpsS Imp hoin
A-cm-m-hns\ im-amb B-cn-I-t_m-[s
AIta Dn-h-p-Xs
_lp-cq-]a- m-n-Spp ]
- e
- c- q-]
- f
- mn tXmn-npp.
B mhv kzhpw \nehp-amb Hcp Pe-cm-in-t]m-se-bm-

Wv. Hcp Ipf-nse Pe-n-t\m-SmWv Bm-hns\ Kpcp
D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. B Ipf-n-tev \nc--c-ambn aW
hoWp-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib - m-Wv. A th\-en Im-Sn-p-tm
Ipf--fn aWh-p sNmcn-bp Zriyw {Kmao-W-Po-hn-X-
ns ca-Wo-b-amb apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. aW-ens ]X-\m-Lm-X-
m Pecmin-bpsS imn `RvPn-s - -Spp. Ipfw apgp-
h Ae-am-eI - f- m Ne-am-Ip-p. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv A-
cm-m-hnsbpw kz`m-hw. s]mXpth kz-am-bn-cn-p Bm-
hn hmk-\I - f- psS Imp aqew _mly-hn-jb-
- hphoWv
AcwKw Imdpw tImfpwsIm ISt]m-se-bm-Ip-p. kuay-
amb B-imnbpw sFIy-t_m-[hpw hmk-\bpsS aW
mSn-p-tm s]mbvtmIp-p. Nn-hr-n-I \m\m-
Xz-{àw Df-hm-pp. {]]-n shdppw Bk-nbpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 170
amdnamdn P\n-p-p. Pohn-X - nse Fmhn[ sshIm-cn-I-
{]-p-_v[X- I
- fpw kw`-hn-p-Xv C-c - n-em-Wv. hmk-\-
Isf hna-eo-I-cn-p-IbmWv hmk-\-bpsS aWm-Sn Ipd-
bvp-hm Htc-sbmcp t]mwh-gn. a\v kmXzn-I-amIp-tm
hnj-b-hr-n-I krjvSn-p BLmXw Ipd-bp-p. ]X-
RvPen aljn-bpsS tbmK-kq-{X-n Ahn-Zy, Akvan-X,
cmKw, tZzjw, A`n-\n-thiw Fn-h-bmWv ti--fmbn ]d-
n-cn-p--Xv. A\r-X]-c--cbvv aqe-Im-cWw Ahn-Zy-bm-
Wv. Ahn-Zy-bn\n-mWv ap \mep ti-fpw P\n-p--
Xv. AkvanX Alw-`m-h-am-Wv. Alw-`mhw cmK-tZz-j-tmsS
am{Xta s]cp-am-dp-I-bp-q. cmK-tZz-j- aqe-amWv Pohn-
Xm-k-nbpw ac-W-`-bhpw \ne-\n-evp--Xv. AXmWv _-
\w. Nn-hr-n-Isf \ntcm-[n--W-sa-n ti-sf X\q-
I-cn--Ww. Nn-n\v GIm-{KX e`n-p-tm kam[n
A\p-`-h-sp XpS-pw.
tSmtm-bn-bpsS Am-Ic - n-\o\ F hntizm-c - I
- r-
Xn-bn A-bp-tSbpw Ico-\n-sbpw kam-[m-\-]q-amb
Pohn-X
- n-tev XSmI-ns \n-eX - sb `RvPn-p-sImv
aW hogp-X - p-t]m-se-bmWv t{hmkvIn F A-bpsS
Imap-I IS-p-h - X- v. t{hmkvIn-bpsS cwK-{]-thiw AXp-
hsc \ne-\n-n-cp Ah-cpsS im-kp-c - a
- mb Pohn-Xs
Cf-n-ad- n-p. IpSpw-__ - - - BSn-bp-e - p. kvt\l-n\p
thn-bp anYy-bmb ]c-w-]m-n-en Imen--Sn-bnse
Dd \new \jvSs - v ]nSn-p-\nm-\m-hmsX A sdbn
m-f-n NmSn B-lXy sNbvXp. tSmkvtmbn-bpsS
Cu t\mh{]ta-b - ns X\n-bm-h-\ - Xs-bmWv
\-psS Pohn-X - nse ]e kw`-h - f - pw. hnj-b - sf Bm-
hns kz-am Pe-cm-inbntev IS-n-hn-SmsX t\m-
Ww. Bm-hns\ AXns kzm`m-hn-IX - b- n im-am-bn-cn-
m am{Xw A\p-hZ- n-pI.
Btm]tZiiXIw 171
77
]c-samcp hnp, ]c in Imm
adn-h-\-e, Pe-a-, -an-{n-bmw
[c-Wnbn-Xn-s\bpXz-ambv \n
scn-bp-an-Xns cl-ky-taI-am-Ipw.
]c-samcp hnv ]c-a-amb Bm-hmWv BImiw.

]c in Immw khhym-]n-bmb ambm-i-n-
bmWv Imm-bn-cn-p-X
- v.
Adnhv A\-e A-cWw An-bmWv.
Pew Aw C{n-b- Pe-amWv.
C{n-bmw [cWn C{n-b-hn-j-b--fmWv `qan.
CXn-s\ GI-amb kXyw Nn-U--fmbn
Hcp hyh--bn
Ap Xz-ambv Ap Xz-ambn
\ns-cnbpw \nebvmX Pzen-pp.
CXns clkyw Ap `qX-fpw Adn-
hns Ap `mh-fpw
tNscn-bp Xz-c-lkyw
GI-amIpw GI-amWv.
{]
p-X
]w Hcp hyh-bmWv (system). B hyh \nbX-
amb Nne \nb-a - f - n-eq-sS-bmWv \S-n-em-bn-sm-n-cn-
- v. _mly-tem-Iv {]]- - n-s\mcp hyh-b - p--
Xp-t]m-eX- s B-cI - t- em-Ipw Hcp hyh-b - p-v. Cu
cp hyh-I - fpw Hn-pXmWv Pohn-X-ns tbmKm-
-I-X. hyjvSnbpw ka-jvSnbpw Pohn-X-n-emWv ka-\z-b-
ns kwKoXw Is-t--Xv. ka-kvXXtbbpw sshcp-
y--fn-msX Dsm-p Hcp Nnm-kw-hn-[m-\sn
{^ntPm^v Im{] Pohs amdme (Web of Life) F {K-
n khn-kvXcw NsNp-p-v. AIw ]pdw F t`Z-
Btm]tZiiXIw 172
an-msX ka-{K-ambn Nnn-p Hcp LS-\-sb (structure)
Atlw aptm-p-hb - vp-p. systems thinking, network think-
ing, holistic thinking, organismic thinking F-sm-sbmWv
Atlw B Nnm-co-Xnp t]cp-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-X - v.
{io\mcm-bW - K- p-cp-hm-Is {]]---C-{n-b--A---c-W-
sf aptXs hfsc ASppw apd-tbm-Spw-IqSn Adn-bp
hn[w ]d-p-X - n-cn-p-Ib - m-W.v Hcp hiv BIm-iw,- hm-bp,
An, Pew, ]rYn-hn- Chsbms-t _mly-{]-] - w. C\n
B-c{- ]-] - - n- Xp-ey-ambn ]c-aa - mb t_m[w, ]c-S- n-
p ambm-in, A--c-W-n {]kv^p-cn-p Adn-
hp-I, C{n-b - , C{n-bm- Ch An-t\bpw ]-
`q-X
- f- p-ambn Xn-d - n-bW
- w. BImiw \apv ]cn-Nn-Xa - m-W.v
Fm ]c-aa - mb Bm-Imiw \apv ]cn-Nn-Xa -
- . AXp-sIm-
mWv BIm-i - ns A\-X - bpw Hu-Xyhpw kqvaX - bpw
khhym-]I - X
- bpw Fmw IW-n-se-Sp-p-sImv ]c-aa - mb
t_m[s BIm-i-hp-ambn tNp-a\-n-em-p--Xv.
hmbp-hns in A{]-Xn-lX - a- m-Wv. Fm-bn-Spw ]c-
-Sn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Imn-t\m-SmWv ambm-i - nsb _-
s-Sp-p--Xv. sNdnb AWp apX BImiwhsc- kh-
nepw ambm-in Hfnpw sXfnpw hoip-p-v. A-
-c-W-n Ap-cn-p Fm Adn-hp-Ifpw An-X - z-
am-Wv. C{n-b--fm-Is Pe-X-z-s-bmWv {]Xn\n[m\w
sNp-X - v. [c-Wnsb C{n-bh - n-jb - - f- p-ambn tbmPn-n-d
- n-
b-Ww. Atm \mw Nnnv Hcn-epw ImSp-Ib - dn t]mhp-I-
bn-. tIh-et- _m-[ - n Ch-sbmw Hcp hyh-t- bm-Sp-IqSn
s]cp-amdp-Xv kmn-sb-tmse t\mn-m-Wm Ign-hp-m-
Ipw. Cu cl-ky-m\w knn tbmKn-I A]qhPohnX-
n-s Ah-Im-in-If - m-Wv. hnj-b - sf Adn-bp-Xv At\Iw
apJ-t- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-W.v B-m\w GI-am-W.v AXdnm
]ns Hpw Adn-tb--Xm-bn-n-.
Btm]tZiiXIw 173
78
ac-W-hp-an ]pd-p-an hmgvhpw
\c-kp-c-cm-Zn-bp-an \ma-cq]w
acp-hn-e-a acoNn \ocp-t]m \n
evs]mcps]mcpfmw s]mcp-f - n-tXmn-tSWw.
ac-Whpw C ac-Whpw C.
]pdpw C P\-\hpw C.
hmgvhpw AXn-\n-S-bn-ep Pohn-Xhpw C.
\c-k-p-c-cm-Znbpw C a\p-jy, tZh-m XpS-n-bh
- cpan.
\ma-cq]w Ch-sbmw {]Xo-Xn-am-{X--fmb
\ma-fpw cq]-fpw am{XamWv.
acp-hn Aa acp-`q-an-bn ImWm-dp-
acoNn \ocp-t]m Pe-{]-Xo-Xn-t]mse
\nevs]mcp s]mcpfmw \ne-\n-p Hm-WnXv.
CXv s]mcp-f \ma-cq-]-- ]c-a-amb kXy-a.
Hmn-tSWw CXv Ftmgpw kvacn--Ww.
a c-Wa - mWv a\p-jys\ hmsX `b-s-Sp-p-X

tm \apv ]eXpw \jvSa
Cu temI-nse kpJ- ]ns A\p-`h
- m-Ip-X
- v. acn-p-
- p-t]mse tXmpw.
- n-p-hm Ign-
bp-Ib
- n-. ac-Wa- p-X- p-sImv am{X-amWv a\p-jy kXys
At\z-jn-p-X - p-t]m-epw. ItTm-]\ - njn A`n-i] - vX\
- mb
\Nn-tI-Xv arXyp-h{-n-tev [oc-Xt- bmsS \S-p-sNv
tNmZn-p tNmZyw, arXyp-hns\ Fs\ AXn-ew-Ln-m
Ignbpw FmWv. knm-cm-PI - p-am-c ac-W - ns _o`-
-apJw Iv `bpw ZpxJnpw BWv sImmcw hnv Cd-n-
tm-bX- v, ac-W
- n-s\mcp ]cn-lm-ca - nt F-dn-bm thn.
Kpcp ]d-bpp: ac-Whp-an ]pd-p-an. Rm acn-p-n.
ImcWw Rm P\n-n-n. Kpcp B-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. P\n-n-n-
m Kpcp-hn-s\-p-dn-mWv \mw Xn-p-X- .v P\n-n-n-m
Btm]tZiiXIw 174
Hcp Kpcp-hns t]cn-emWv \mw kwL-S\ - I- s
- fms Dmn
AWn-\n-c - p-X - v. Kpcp hopw ]d-bpp: PohnXhpw C.-
B-tm-]t- Z-ii - X- I-
- ns clkyw t_m[y-s-SW-sa-n
euIn-I_ - p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nnn-m ]mSn-. B-_pn sXfn-
ph-cW - w. Rm Bm-hm-sW-d - n-bp-tm imco-cn-Ia
- mb
AkvXn-Xb - n\n-smw hnap-\ - m-Ipw. Bm-hm-Is P\-
\-ac
- W
-
- f - n-msX Fpw \ne-\np- D-bm-W.v
ico-c-amWv P\n-p-Xpw \ne-\np-Xpw acn-p--
Xpw. Rm ico-c-am-sWp Icp-Xp--h acn-p-p. ico-c-
n-s\-s-nepw Xw ]n-bm ZpxJn-p-p. Pohn-X-n-
ep-S-\ofw Ch ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Ip-s-Sp--ep-I-fp-ambn Pohn-
p-t]m-cpp. Fm Kpcp \sf Bm-hn-tev Wn-
p-I-bm-Wv. Bm-hn Rm a\p-jy t]mep-a-. tIhew
{]Im-iw am{Xam-Ip-p. Bm-hn tZh-mtcm Akp-c-
mtcm C. B-t_m[w DW-h\v Chsbmw \ma-
fpw cq]-fpw am{X-am-Wv. Npp-s]mp shbn-ev acp-
`q-an-bn-eqsS Zml-P-e-n-\p-thn Ae-bp-tm A-Ise
Pem-ibw ImWp-p. shw sIn-n-S - p-- {]XoXn. ]t,
F{X \S-npw B Pem-i-b-n-tev \ap-v Fm Ign-
bp-n-. Pem-ibw AI-p-t]m-bvsm-t-bn-cn-pp. AXp
Im\ P-e-am-Wv. Im\ Fm tXm Fm-Ww.
Im\P-ew-sImv Zmlw Xocp-I-bn-. Im\P-e-n\p
bmYm-X-Yy-amb \ne-\nn.
AXp-t]mse P\-\hpw ac-Whpw \ne-\npw Fmw
B-n-X-\mb Hcp-h-\n acp-`q-an-bn ImWp Pe-{]-
XoXn t]msebmWv. shbn Ipd-bptm {- ]-Xo-Xnbpw \jvS-
amIpp. CXp-t]m-se--bmWv Pohn-Xhpw. s\Snb In\m-hmWv
PohnXw Fp ]d Kpcp-hn\v AtX kzc-ns
]dbmw, ac-W-hp-an ]pd-p-an Fv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 175
79
P\n-k-abw nXn-bn Pn-b-\y
W-a-Xn-en-n-Xn-cn--sX-{]-Imcw?
l\-\-hp-an--s\-X-s-bm-I-bmte
P\-\-hp-an-nXp NnZv{]-`m-h-sa-mw.
P\n-k-abw P-\n-p thf-bn

nXn-bn Pnbvv \n-eX C.
Pn P-\n-p--h
A\y--W-a-Xn P\n--Xn-\p-tijw
C \ne-\n-evpn-.
CXv Ccn-Xv F{]-Im-cw Htc-k-abw Pnbpw P\n--h\pw
Hn-n-cn-p-Xv F-s\-bmWv?
l\-\hpw Cs\ Xs P\-\-s-tm-se-X-s -a-c-Whpw
C-s\-Xs- -bm-Wv.
BI-bmte AXp-sImv
P\-\-hp-an P-\-\-hp-an- (ac-W-hp-an-)
CXv Fmw ChnsS ImWp--sXmw
NnZv{]`mhw Adn-hns Ap-X-I-c-amb
in-{]-I-S\w am{Xw.
P \n-pI F-sXmcp {Inb-bm-W.v {Inb Fm Ne-\a

Wv. Nen-p Hn\p \n-eX
- b
- n-. P\n-bvp--h-\mtcm
Ah-\mWv Pn. P\-\-ns DSa Ah-\m-Wv. \S-\-am-Sp-tm-
- m-
gmWv Hcph \-I-\m-Ip--Xv. \S\w Ign-m Ah

\-I-\-. ]mSp thf-bn Ah \-I-\-, Kmb-I-
\m-Wv. {Inb-sN-p ka-b-mWv {Inbbvv Im-hp--
Xv. Pnbvv P\-\-th-f-bn nXn-bn-. \n-e-X-sb-bmWv
nXn Fp ]d-bp--Xv. {InbmIm-e-n Im-hn\v
AXp-sImv nXn-bn-. P\\w F {Inb \S-p thf-
bn Pnv AXn nXn-sN-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-. P\n-bvpI
Btm]tZiiXIw 176
F {Inb-bn Pn F \maw Htc-k-abw hn-bvp-
Xv Hcp sshcp-y-am-Wv. Pn ssXn-Ia - mb Hcp \ne-bm-
Wv. AsXmcp {]{In-bb -
- . Cu {]tl-fn-Im-P\
- y-amb hmgvhns
cl-ky-n-tev shfnw hoip Cu tmIw [ym\m-I - -
ambn Cg-]n-cn-s-Sp-t Hm-Wv. P\n-p ka-bv Pn
bvv nXn Cm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw P\\w Ign-m ]ns
Pn Fp hnfn-m Ign-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. P\\w
F {]{In-bb - n\npw thsdmcp {]{In-bb - n-tep IS-p-
tm Ahn-tSbpw Pnp m\-an-msX t]mIp-p. -
Cu temIw NnUkw-Lm-X-am-Wv. Ne-\hpw \n-e-
Xbpw IqSn--e-Xm-Wv. t_m[w \n-e-am-Wv. temIw Nen-
p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xm-Wv. Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-
n IS-ens Bg-n \n-e-X-bp-m-bn-cn-thXs
apI-cv {]p-_v[a - m-bn-cn-pw. thsdmcp DZm-lc
- Ww FSp-
p-Ib- m-sW-n Npg-en-m-n-s \m`n- \n-ea - mb Hcp tI{-
amWv. Cu tmIw Du sImSp-p-Xv Fm {Inb-Ifpw
Adn-hn \S-p Ap-X-I-c-amb {]`m-h- am{X-am-
sWp ]d-bm-\m-Wv. Adnhv mXmhv F \e-bn \n-
ehpw {Inb F \ne-bn Ne-\m--I-hp-am-Wv. {]]w
Dmbn \ne-\n\v ad-p-t]m-Ipp FXv Adn-hn \S-
p Hcp {à-I-ev]-\-bmWv. Hcp bmYmy-a-. P\-\hpw
ac-Whpsamw B alm-{]-`m-h-n kw`-hn-p- tXm-
ep-I-fm-Wv. B-t_m[w sXfn-bp-tm Cu {]`m-h-ns
ImnI-X-bn\npw \mw ap-cm-Ipw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 177
80
nXn-KX- n-t]mse hntcm-[n-bmb krjvSn
nXn-eb - s- a-smcp Znn-semp hmgpw?
KXn-bnh aqn-\p-sa-p-an-n-tXmm
nXn apX-em-bh Kocp am{X-amIpw.
nXn-K-Xn-t]mse Hcp hkvXp nXn sNp-tm

Nen-p-n-. Nen-p-tm B
hkvXp nXn sNp-p-an-.
hntcm-[n-bmb - Cs\ nXnbpw KXnbpw Htc-
k-abw tNcm--Xp-t]mse
krjvSn-nXn ebw krjvSn, nXn, ebw Fo
{]{In-b-I
Fsmcp Znn F-s\-bmWv Htc-bn-Sv
Hp hmgpw Hn-n-cn-p-Xv?
Ch aqn\pw krjvSn, nXn, ebw
Ch aqn\pw
KXn Fpw C kzX-{-amb Hcp AkvXn-X-bn-.
CtXmm Cs\ hnNn-\w sNbvXm
nXn apX-em-bh `qan apX-emb Fm `qX-fpw
Kocp am{X-amIpw shdpw hmp-I am{Xam-sWp
t_m[y-am-Ipw.
{] ]- - n Ip-t]m-cp ]e- kw-`h -

- f
- nepw Hfn-n-
cn-p sshcp-y-sf kqva-X-tbmsS hnNn-\w
sNm-sX-bmWv \mw IS-p-t]m-n-p--Xv. ImWp--Xns\
ImWp-X - p-t]mse kzoI-cnv hmkvXh - s
- av Fp-Ib - mWv
\mw sNp-X - v. Hcp hkvXp Hcn-Sv nXn sNpp Fp
]d-m B hkvXp \n-em-h - b
- n-emWv F-dn-bW - w.
]ns AXn-\v F-s\-bmWv Ne\w Dm-hpI? hkvXp Ht-
bpp Fn AXv ]ns FhnsS\nv Ftmv Nenpw?
Btm]tZiiXIw 178
Nen-pXv Hcn-S - p-\nv thsdm-cn-St- -m-W.v Ne\w XpS-
m HcnSw thWw. Ah-km-\n-m HcnSw thWw. AXn-\n-
S-bn-ep A-cmfhpw thWw. Bmhn\p P-ap-sp ]d-
bp-Ib - m-sW-n AXn\p \mihpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. P\n-n--
W-sa-n thsd Hv Dm-bn-cn--Ww. Atm cv D
Dm-Ip-p. cv D-Iv Htc-bn-Sv Htc-ka - bw Ccn-m
Ign-bp-Ib - n-. Hcp tai hn-cn-p CSv Hcp Itk-cp
nXn sNm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. AXp-sImv B-k GI-
am-bn-cn-p-X - n-\m B-k - b- n Ne-\a- n-. Ne-\a - n-m
Hn\v \n-ea - mbn \nt Bh-iy-hp-an-. N\-ea - n-m-Xv
\n-ea- m-IW - s - av ]d-bp-Xv Hcp sshcp-y-am-W.v {]]-{- ]Xn-
`m-k - ns sshcp-y-s-bmWv Cu tmIw FSpp ImWn-
p-X - .v
krjvSn FXv Hcp Ne-\a - m-W.v ebw As-n \miw
Fp ]d-bp-Xv thsdmcp Ne-\a - m-W.v AXn-\n-Sb - n-ep \ne-
\nn-s\-bmWv nXn Fp ]d-bp-X - .v CsXms B-
k-b - psS GI-Xsb [ym\n-p-dh\v shdpw hmp-I am{X-
am-bn-o-cpw. \mw hyh-lm-ct- em-I - n A\p-`h - n-p Fm
A\p-`h -
- f- nepw hmp-If
- m \nn-s - {]m]-n-It- _m-
[-amWv \s \nb-{n-p--Xv. B-t_m-[-n\npw
hmns {]k-n-Isf ASn-am-n-bm krjvSn Fpw
nXn Fpw ebw Fpw \mw ]d-p-t]m-cp {]{In-b-
Ifpw Ah-km-\n-pw. Bmhv \n-ea - m-W.v Bmhv A]-cn-
Wm-an-bm-W.v ""hmNm-cw-`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw arn-tI-tXyh
kXyw'' F Omtm-tKym-]\ - n-j - nse hmIy{]Imcw hnIm-
c-s- fmw shdpw hmp-I am{X-am-W.v Nn-bnepw Ie-nepw
IpS-nepw av am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-p. Nnbpw Iehpw IpS-
hp-samw shdpw hmp-I am{X-am-W.v
Btm]tZiiXIw 179
81
{]IrXn ]ncn-smcp Iqdp t`mr-cq]w
kI-e-hp-ambv shfntb kap--knpw
Cl-]-c-am-samcp Iqdn-Z--bmte
hnI-kn-Xam-anXp t`mKy-hn-iz-am-Ipw.
{]IrXn ]ncnv B-i - n-bmb {]IrXn ]ncnv

Hcp Iqdv Hcp `mKv
t`mr-cq]w t`mm-hmbn \np-p.
Hcp Iqdv adp-`m-Kv
CZ-b- mte CZ ImcWw
Cl-]-camw Cl-]c- - f- mb
kI-e-hp-ambn Fm-ambn
shfntb kap--knpw _mly-temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-p-p.
CXv CXmWv
hnI-kn-Xamw hnI-knp \np
t`mKy-hn-iz-amIpw t`mKy-hn-iz-am-bn-cn-p--Xv.
kp Jntev Nmbp-Xv Pohn-IfpsS k-l-P-amb hmk-

\-bm-Wv. temI-hn-jb -
- f
- n-emWv kpJ-an-cn-p-s
A_--[m-cW Am-\-ns IqsS-n-d-m-Wv. AXv a\p-
- X
jy-sc-tmse ap Pohn-I-tfbpw _m[n-n-p-v. \ Imem-h-

-bp CS-tv ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I k-cn-p-X - p-t]mse
Bfp-Ifpw t]mIm-dpv. k-mWv kpJ-ns {]`hw
Fp IcpXnbmWv AXp CS- fn- t ev Bfp- I
t]mIp-Xv. kpJs Xnc-p-sIm-mWv a\p-jy Hmtcm
\nan-jhpw Pohn-p-X- v. hnj-b- fn kpJw Xnc-bp-tmgpw
kpJ-ns bYm Dd-hnSw hnNmcw sNbvXp a\-n-em-
p-hm km[m-c-W-mp Ign-bm-dn-. BcmWv kpJs
A\p-`-hn-p-Xv? A\p`-hn-p--h t`mKn-bm-Wv. t`mKn
Al-b - m-Wv. Bmhv Xs-bmWv t`mKn-bmbn cq]m-cw
Btm]tZiiXIw 180
{]m]n-n-cn-p--Xv. Bm-hns\ Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-p
{]IrXn cv Iqdp-I-fmbn ]ncnv Hcp hiv t`mmhpw
adp-hi- v t`mKy-hn-iz-hp-ambn hne-kp-p. Bm-hns in-
bmWv {]Ir-Xn. temIs `pPn-p-hm-\p Xm-sd-Sp-m-Wn-
Xv. hnj-bs `pPn-W - s- a-n Bmhn\v t`mm-hns
aqSp-]S- a
- W
- n-bW
- w. ckm-kzm-Z\ - a
- mWv t`mm-hns the. ck-
ap hnj-b--fpsS ]dp-Zo-k-bmWv t`mKy-hn-izw. ckhkvXp-
am{Xta t`mm-hn\p {]nbX Dm-p-p-q. A{]nbw
Df-hm-p hkvXp-sf Xn-f - b
- p-tmgpw t`mm-hn
ckw P\n-pw. t`mmhv A\p-`h - n-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu-
temIw cp Xc-n-ep kpJw {]Zm\w sNp-p-v. Nne
t`mKy- A\p`-hth-f-bnXs kpJw \Ip-p. Ah
sFln-I--fm-Wv. NneXv Iptd IgnmWv êw \Ip-
Xv. Ah ]c-f - m-Wv.
\psS hmbntev Hcp a[p-c-]-e-lmcw Cp-X-cn-I-bm-
sW-n Atms \ap-X - ns ck-ad - n-bmw. kpJw
A\p-`h- n-p-Ib
- pw sNmw. Fm Hcp hmg hm Iptd
Ign-mWv \ap-X - ns êw e`n-p-X - v. I-f - psS
êw Cs\ ]ncnp- \np-X - ns\ ASn-m-\a - m-n-
bmWv Clw]cw F hnh Kpcp tNn-cn-p--Xv.
t`mm-hn\p tap-\S- - p-hm-\p CS-amWv t`mKy-hn-izw.
AXv {]IrXn-bpsS Hcp hiam-Wv. t`mm-sh ]pdhpw
t`mKy-hn-iz-sa adp-]p-dhpw tNv hyh-lm-cPohnXw hnI-
kn-X-am-Ip-p. CZ--bmWv t`mKy-hn-izs kwc-Nn-p--
Xv. Al--bpsS {]Xn-Zz--amWv CZ-. {]IrXn a\p-jys\
hw Id-p-Xv ^te--tbm-Sp-IqSn I-n Gs-Sp-
tm-gm-Wv. t`mm-hm-b Poh\v ^te--bn-msX Iw
sNm-\m-hp-I-bn-. Rm t`mm-h-, Ikmn-bmb
Bm-hm-sWv sXfn-bp-X - mWv tamN-\a - mw. B-kz-
cq]w Ftmgpw hnIm-cc - l
- n-Xa- mbmWv- \ne-sIm-p-Xv. \mw
B Bkzcp]w Xs-bm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 181
82
Ac-Wn-I-S-s-gp-a-n-t]msebmcm
bvhh-cnen-cp--Xn-c-sgpw hnthIw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am `m\p-hmbv \n
scn-bp-a-Xn-n-c-bm-bn-Spp khw.
AcWn IS-sgpw AcWn IS-bp-tm AXn

\npw Pzen-p-b-cp
An-t]mse Xo t]mse
Bcmbvhh-cn Ccpv m\s At\z-jn-
p--h-cn\nv
AXn-c-sgpw hnthIw AXn-cp-I-fn-msX DZn-p-bp-cp
m\-{]-Imiw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am ]c-a-amb NnZm-Im-i-n
\nd-p- \np
`m\p-hmbv \ns-cnbpw mRm\kq-cy-\mbn Fcn-p-
sIm-n-cnpw
AXnv B m\m-n-bn
Cc-bm-bn-Spp khw - Fmw In-sb-cn-bp-p.
B m-t\z-jWw Hcp X]-m-Wv. X]v Dujvam-hns\

hnIn-cWw sNp--Xm-Wv. Poh Bm-hn-tev hf-
cp-tm Am-\-ns ]pdw-tXm-Sp-I Dcp-In-ho-gpw. X]-
\-{Inb \S-p-Xv cv Ac-Wn-I IS-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-
Wv. b-Ip-WvUw Pzen-n-p-Xv Ac-Wn-IS- - m-Wv. Ffp-
-n Ip-]n-Sn-m km[y-X-bp cp ac--j-W-
fmWv Ac-Wn-I. Ch Xn IS-mWv Xo Dm-p-
-Xv. Xmsg hn-cn-p Ac-Wnsb A[-cm-cWn Fpw
apI-fn IS-p-sIm-n-cn-p Ac-Wnsb D-cm-cWn
Fp-amWv hnfn-p--Xv. IS-neneqsS NqSv hn-p-Ibpw
ac--j-W-v Xo ]nSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ac-Wn-Ifn
Btm]tZiiXIw 182
Xs An ad-n-cn-p-p-m-bn-cp-p. kwip-a - mb An-
bmbn CXns\ Icp-Xs - -Sp-p. AcWn IS-bp-Xv {]Xo-Im-
-Ia - mb Hcp `mj IqSn-bm-Wv. kv{Xo]p-cp-j
- m ssaYp-\{- ]-
{In-bb- n Gs-Sp-tm \S-p-Xpw Hcp aY-\a - mWv. An-
bpsS m\v AhnsS Pzen-p-bc - p-Xv B\-a - q-bm-Wv.
ChnsS Pohn-Xa - m-Ip X]-\{- ]-{In-bb - n t`mm-hm-b
Al-bpw t`mKy-am-b {]]-hpw Xn-emWv ]c-ak - m-m-
XvIm-c-n-\p-thn kwLj-W-n-tes-n-cn-p--Xv.
t`mmhpw t`mKy-hn-izhpw Hcp {]tXyI A\p-cW - \ - m-I
- -
X-bn Fn-t-cp-tm Bm-\p-`hw {]f-bm-n-t]mse
Al-t- bbpw euIn-IX - t- bbpw hngp-n-f - b
- p-p. ssZzX-
-f Dshfnhv tXPn-b Hcp kqcy-\m-bn- In-Pz-en-
p-p. kqcy hnth-I - ns _nw_-am-Wv. shfn- - ns
t{kmX-m-W.v shfnw Ccp-ns\ AI-m-\p-X - m-W.v AtXmsS
Pohn-Xns Ccp in-If - n\nv \app ]pd-p-IS- -
m Ign-bpp. Imaw, t{Im[w, Akqb Ch-sbmw m\m-
n-bn In-m--em-Ip-p. ""bssY-[mwkn kan-tm-nx
`kvak- mXv Ipcp-tXp\ m\mnx kh-ImWn `kva-
kmXv Ipcp-tX XYm.'' - - Atbm Ap-\m, \-hw Pzen-
p-sIm-n-cn-p An hnd-Ip-Isf Fs\ Inp `kva-
am-p-pthm AXp-t]mse m-\a - m-Ip An kh I-
-tfbpw `kvaa - m-pp Fv KoXm-Im-c ]d-bp-p. I-
\miap-bm B-kz-cq-]-n {]XnjvT e`n-p-p.
Cukmm-Xvm-ca - mWv Btm-]t- Z-ii - X
- Iw \ap-p-m-n-
-cp--Xv. PohnXns ]c-a-]p-cp-jm-amb NnZw-_-c-
ntev \s ssI]n-Sn-p-bp-p. kzbw {]Im-inp
`m\p-am-t-Xpt]m-sebmWv B-m-\n-bpsS Pohn-Xw.
khhpw B {]Im-i - n s]men-p-t]m-Ipw. NnZw-_cw
\ncp-]m-[n-I
- m\ns BIm-ia - m-Wv. CXmWv ]c-aamb
kpJw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 183
83
DS-bp-an-cn-p-ap-Zn-p-sam-p- am-dn
pS-cp-an-Xn-p-S-en kz`m-h-amIpw
apSn-bn-en-cp--dn-bpp aqp-am-m
hnS-c-dp-sam-nXp \nhn-Im-c-amIpw.
DSbpw \inpw
Ccnpw nXn sNpw
DZnpw P\npw
Hp-am-dn-p-Scpw Hcp cq]w amdn thsdmcp cq]-
n XpScpw
CXv Cu ]cn-Wmaw
Cv DS-en ChnsS ico-c-ns Xe-n
kz`m-h-amIpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw`hn-p-
sIm-n-cnpw
apSn-bn-en-cpv khm-Xo-X-ambn hnv
Bm t_m[w
aqpw Adn-bpp krjvSn-nXn-eb-
- sf Adn-bpp.
CS-cdpw ZpxJw Ap-t]mb
HnXv Cu Bmhv GI-amWv.
\nhn-Im-c-amIpw Cu Bmhv am-an-m--Xp-amWv.
{io _p-\mWv _mlyPohn-X-ns Wn-I-X-sb-p-

dnv Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ]cn-t{]yw (perspective)
BZyw hne-bn-cp-n-bX
- v. {]]-h
- k- vXp-f
- psS P\-\hpw \ne-
\npw ac-W-hp-samw imiz-X-amb B\-s {]Zm\w
sNp-n-sv Atlw \s t_m[y-s-Sp-n. _p ]d-
bpp: ""temI-Po-hnXw ic-m-e-ta-L--sf-tm-se-bm-Wv.
Hcp \r-ns Ne-\ - amdn-amdn hcp-X- p-t]m-se-bmWv
P\-\hpw ac-Whpw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Icn-ta-L-
p IpdptI Hfn-an-p hnZyp-X IW-s-bmWv B-
bpv IS-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. F{X {ZpX-K-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. sNp-
Btm]tZiiXIw 184
mb Hcp ae-bn\npw DutmsS Xmtgp {]h-ln-p
Pe-]mXw t]mse-bm-WX.v'' amdn-sm-n-cn-p temIv
\mw Pohn-Xm-kn sImp-\-S-m XpS-bmbn lXm-i-
cm-tI-n-h-cpw. AXp-sIm-mWv _p temI-Po-hn-Xs
ZpxJambn IXv.
Fm {io\mcm-bW - K - pcp A-s\-sbmcp hnjm-Zm--
I-Xsb ]n-b ]d-bp-X - v. Hp-m-hp-Ibpw \ne-\np-
Ibpw \in-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ico-c - ns kz`m-ha - m-Wv.
kz`mhw Fm am-an-m \nbaw. {]]- - nse Cu
ssPh-]cn-Wm-a--sfsbmw \app XSp-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-
. XSp-m am\-kn-IX - e
- - nepw imco-cn-IX
- e
- - nepw B
k-{]-hmlw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp hnj-a-k-nsb
krjvSn-pw. Fm ChnsS thsdmcp t]mwh-gn- Kpcp ]d-
bpp: Bmhv krjvSn-nXneb-v AXo-Xa - mb D-
bm-Wv. AXoXw Fp ]d-m krjvSn-n-Xn-e-b-v
]pdv F. Cu aqv {]{In-bI - fpw Bm-hn\p ]pd-
\S-p-X- v. Bm-hn-X-s-bm-Wv. Fm Cu aqv {]{In-
b-I-fmepw Bm-hn\v Hcp `mh-t`-Zhpw kw`-hn-p-n-.
Bmhv apSn-bn-en-cp-v kmn-bmbn Adn-bpp.
F{_lmw amkvtemhns\tmsebp a\x-im-kv{X-
Dpw-Km-\p-`qXn (peak experience) Fp ]d-bp-Xv
apSn-bn-en-cpv A\p`hnp-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. apSn Fm
t_m[- ns Dpw- K - amb \ne- b m- W v . `mhm-Xo-XX-ew.
Bmhv Hcp Xc-n-ep hnIm-c - n\pw ASn-s-Sp-n-. Hcp
Xc-n-ep ZpxJhpw Bm-hns\ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-pan-. AXv
Ftmgpw D-bp-X - m-Wv F A-n km-W.v AXv
Ftmgpw Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp F A-n Nnm-
Wv. AsX-tmgpw kpJn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp F A-n
B\-a- m-W.v
Btm]tZiiXIw 185
84
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-h-\o-hn-Im-c-ap-s
cp-fp-an-tXmn-ek-Xy-ap--Xpho
\nc-h-[n-bmbv \ne-bp \nev]-sX-m
adn-hn-segpw {]Ir-Xn-kz-cq-]-am-Ipw.
Adn-h-Xn-\m Adn-bp--Xp-sImv
Ah\o hnImcw ans cq]m--c--fmb Iew,
IpSw apX-em-bh
Dsv D-Xm-sWv
Acpfpw \mw ]d-bm-dp-v.
DXv Dho kXyn ap am{Xtabpq.
CtXmn AkXyw CXdnm Iew, Nn Fo
hnIm-c--sfmw Ak-Xy-am-Wv.
\nc-h-[n-bm-bv F-a Xc-n ImW
- s-Sp-sXmw
\ne-bp \nev]-sXmw kz-ambn AkvXn-X-bn-m
\ma-cq-]
- f
- mWv
Adn-hn-segpw Adn-hn\npw Fgpp hcp
{]IrXn kzcq-]-amIpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIm-c-am-Wn-sXmw.
G sXmcp hkvXp \nn-p-X - n\pw Hcp ]Zmw Bh-

iy-am-Wv. B ]Zm-amWv B hkvXp-hns bYm
k-bm-bn-cn-p-X - v. kv]nt\mk F ]mm-Xy-Nn-I -
Cu ksb substance FmWv hnfn-X - v. Hcp Ipem-e
Ifn-av AcpIpgv AXns\ Ipem-eZ- WvUpw N{Ihpw D]-
tbm-Knv ]cph-s-Spn ]m{X- Dm-p-p. Nn, Iew,
]m\, IqP, IpSw Chsbmw B Ifn-a-n\nv Ipem-e
DmnsbSp-p-mXm-Wv. Ifn-a-n \nn Hmtcm cq]-
tbpw t\mn \n- t fmSv tNmZn- p- I - b mWv : ""CsX-
mWv?'' \n ]dbpw: ""CXp Nn-bmWv, CXp IeamWv,
Btm]tZiiXIw 186
CXp IqP-bmWv.'' Atm Ifn-as- -hnsStmbn? Iew F
\ma-n-sbpw cq]-n-sbpw ad-hn Ifna-s ]Zmw
ad-p-t]m-bn. \ma-n\pw cq]-n\pw Aan-X-amb {]k-
nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw \mw Adn-bmsX \psS a\v sImSp-
p-t]m-Ip-p. AXn-\m ksb ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cu {]]-
-n \nc-h[n cq]-fpw \nc-h[n \ma-fpw tNv
{]]- - ns kbmb {_s ad-p-hb - vp-p. \ma-
cq-]
- f
- psS taml-he
- b
-
- n Poh\pw IpSp-n-tm-Ip-p.
a\v \ma--fpsS kzm[o-\-n s]n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
B a\-nXs cq]- {]Xn-`-I-fmbn {]Im-in-p-p-
v. cq]n\v C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp A-kvXn-Xbpw at\m-
tKm-N-c-amb thsdm-cp AkvXn-Xbpapv. C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb
cq]w hymh-lm-cn-I-am-Wv. C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb shw IpSn-
mte \psS Zmlw amdp-I-bp-q. Fm sh-n\v
at\m-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-ap-v. a\-n-e-S-n-bn-cn-p
sh-ns {]Xn` \psS Zmlw amp-I-bn-. ChnsS ]d-
bsSp cq]m--I-Xbpw \mam--I-Xbpw \nch-[n-bm-Wv.
Ahbvv kz-ambn \ne-\n-ev]n-. ]mc-amn-I-m\-
n {]Xo-Xn-am-{X-am-bmWv Ah nXn sNp--Xv. Hcp-
h Xs icn-bmb Dsb Is-p-tm a\v krjvSn-
p auVy-n\npw ]pdp IS-pw. Adn-hns in-
bmb {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIrXn am{X-amWv ImW-s-Sp {]]-
w. Iehpw Nnbpw Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse {]]-
m-\p-`-h-fpw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. BIm-i-n \oe-\ndw
tXmn-p--Xp-t]mse Bm-hn {]]w tXmn-pI
am{X-amWv sNp--Xv. DXv Adnhv am{Xw. Adn-hnen-cn-p-
-XmWv kzX-{yw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 187
85
\ng-semcp _nw_-at- ]-n-bmsX \nev]o
segp-ap-e-sI-p-a-_nw-_-am-I-bmte
\ng-ep-a-X-nXp t\cp-a hnZzm
s\gp-Xn-bnSpw ^Wn-t]mse ImWp-samw.
\ng \ng
Hcp _nw_w Hcp _nw_s
At]-n-bmsX B{i-bn--msX
\nev]oe \ne-\np-n-.
Fgpw DeIv Fpw Fm-bn-Spw {]Xo-X-am-bn-m-
Wp temIw
A_nw-_-am-I-bmte Hcp _nw_s B{i-bnp
\ng-en-p--X-.
\ng-ep-a-X AXn-\m {]]w \ng-ep-a.
CXp t\cp-a kzbw k D-Xp-a.
hnZzm NXp-c-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c
Fgp-Xn-bnSpw hc-
^Wn-t]mse ]mn-s\-tmse
ImWp-samw Fmw ImW-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
H cp Pem-i-b-ns Ic-bn \np-tm \psS cq]w

kv^Sn-I-k-m-i-amb Pem-i-b-n {]Xn-^-en-pp.
\psS cp]w {]Xn-^-en-p-tm ImWsSp-Xv {]Xn-
_nw-_-am-Wv. _nw_w bYm cq]-am-Wv. Pe-n {]Xn-
_nw_w ImW-s-Sp-Xv tZlw _nw_-am-bXp-sIm-m-Wv.
{]]w \ng-em-sWv Nne Zmi-\n-I ]d-bm-dp-v. Fm
{]]-w Hcp \ngemsWp hnNm-cn-m Hcp \ymbhpw
ImWp-n-. {]]w {]Xn-_nw-_-am-sW-n {]]--n\p
Imc-W-am-b _nw_w Dm-bn-cn--Ww. Bmhv GI-am-Wv.
AZz-b-am-Wv. AsXm-cn-epw \m\m-Xz-tm-Sp-IqSn {]Xn-^-
en-p-I-bn-. AXp-sImv Bm-hns {]Xn-_nw-_-amWv
Btm]tZiiXIw 188
{]]w Fp ]d-bms\m-p-I-bn-. {]]--n-\m-Is
kzbta Hcp AkvXn-X-bp-an-. \nh-Nn-m Ign-bm coXn-
bn-emWv {]]--ns \ne. {]]w Dspw Cspw
Htckabw ]d-bm-hp hn[-n \apv A\p-`-h-s-Sp--
Xm-Wv. C{n-b-v tKmN-c-am-b-Xp-sImv ]q-ambn
Csp ]d-bm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm Cg ]ncnp ]cn-
tim-[n-m Bmhv am{Xta kXy-am-bn-pq Fp t_m[y-
s-Spw.
B_v sFo {]]w Ime-n-sbpw tZi-
n-sbpw kn-{i--am-sW-mWv \nh-Nn-X - v. Fm ssl
k _Kn-s\-tm-ep--h {]]--ns kqva-IW-
fpsS ]T-\
- n-\mbn Xp\n-t- m ]c-am-Wp- Dspw
Cspw ]d-bm Ign-bm nXn-bn Ahsc Ipg-bvp-
I-bm-Wp-m-bX- v. A-s\-bmWv sslk _Kns {]]-
-kn-mw uncertainty principle Bbn amdn-b-Xv. thZm-hpw
{]]-s Dm-n-m-Wn-p ambsb ""A\nh-N\ - ob''
FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. AXo-h-\n-]p-W-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-
c Nn{Xw hc-m B Nn{Xw Poh-p--Xmbn tXmm-dp-v.
Hcp ]mn-s\bmWv hc-bvp-s - X-n B Nn{Xw Im
\mw `bp \ne-hn-fn-pw. A{Xbvpw bYm-X-Y-ambn NXp-c-
\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c\v hc-bvm Ign-bpw. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv
Bm-hnepw {]]--c-N\ \S-p-Xv. Bm-hn Xs-
bn-cn-p {]IrXnin-bmWv XqenI ]nSn-p-Xv. CXp
\nh-Nnp a\-n-em-p--Xn-t\-m Bcy-]-c-X-tbmsS
Bkz-Zn-p--XmWv el-cn-Zm-b-Iw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 189
86
X\p apX-em-bXp kh-sam-n-sem-n
\r-X-hp-am-b-Xn-\m-se-b-\y-`mKw
A\p-Zn-\-a-kvX-an-bm-Xn-cn--bmte
]p\-cr-Xc- q-]h
- p-ambvsmen-n-Sp-p.
X\p apX-em-bXp icocw apX-em-b Zriy-

khw Fmw
Hn Hn Hcp ico-c-n thsdmcp ico-c-an,
(Hv Hn\nv -`n--am-Wv).
AXn-\mse AXp-sImv
A\r-X-hp-ambn Ah Ak-Xy-amWv.
A\y-`mKw adp-`m-K-amb Zrv
A\p-Zn\w Zn\w- tXmdpw
AkvX-an-bmXncn--bmte AkvX-anmXncnp--Xp-sImv
]p\x ]noSpw
EX-cq-]-hp-ambv kXy-kz-cq]ambv
s]men-n-Spp {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
X \p Fm ico-c-am-Wv. a\p-jy-i-cocw am{X-a-. cq]w-

]q--sXmw ico-c-am-Wv. tNX-\-satm AtN-X-\-
satm D thXn-cn-hp-I ico-c-ns Xe-n Bh-
iy-an-. GsXmcp ico-c-n\pw nXn sNm ew th
Ww. Hcp icocw {]tXyI CS-n nXn sNp--Xp-
t]mseXs AXn\p nXnsN-m Hcp Imehpw thWw.
Fp ]d-m GsXmcp ico-c - n\pw Ime-nepw tZi-
nepw am{Xta nXn sNm-s\mp-I-bp-q. Fs tai-
p-ds ]qm-{X-n Csmcp tdmkm-]pjv]w Ccn-p-p-
s-n thsdmcp ] - p-jv]
- nt\m hkvXp-hnt\m B ]qm-
{X-n Ccn-m Ign-bn-. Hcp ]qhn\p am{Xta AXn
nXn sNm CS-ap-q. Atm B ]qm-{X-n Ccn-
Btm]tZiiXIw 190
m Ign-bmsX t]mIp At\Iw ]q-fp-v. ]qm-{Xs
kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Ah-sbmw ]qm-{X-n Cm--
h-bm-Wv. Zriy--fpsS Cu ]c-kv]-c-\n-cm-I-c-Ws At\ym-
\ym-`mhw FmWv ]d-bp-I. Fm Hcp Zriy-n\v Fs
pw Hcn-Sv nXn sNp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. Zriyw Ime-
{I-a-n \in-pw. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv. AXn\v \nXy-Xz-an-
. ico-c--fpsS hyXn-cn-Xt]mse-b Zrns \ne.
Zriy-ns adp-]p-d-amb Zrv \nXy-am-Wv. Xmevm-en-Itam
Aev]tam A. AXv EX-am-Wv. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv.
ico-c--fpsS Xe-n Hn thsdm-n\p nXn
sNm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn {io_p-\v nXn
sNm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. IrjvW\ - n \_nv nXn sNm
Ign-bp-I-bn-. Itk-c-bn taipw tai-bn Itk-cpw
nXn sNm Ign-bp-I-bn-. Hn thsdm-ns A`m-
hs \mw ImWp-p-v. Hn\v thsdmv A\y-bm-Wv.
s]menbpanX\y Fv KpcpXs ]d-n-p-v. CsXmw
Zmi-\n-I-amb Ipg-a-dn-n-ep-I-fm-Wv. Fm hfsc A\m-
bm-kw Kpcp Cu {]tl-fn-Isb kao-I-cn-p-Xv C-s\-
bm-Wv: Fm Hcp kXyw Aev]w-t]m-epw a-temsX
Cu ico-c- smw B[m-ca - m-bn- nXn-sN-p-p-v. AXv
B-k--bm-Wv. AXv DZ-bm-kvX-a-b--fn-m--Xm-Wv.
Fsmw ChnsS Dcp-th-n- nXn-sN-pptm Ah-
sbmw B-k--bpsS Dcp-h--fm-Wv. {Inkv X p- h n\pw
IrjvW\pw Bm-hmb B[m-c-nemWv Hn-bvm-hp--
Xv. AXp-sImv Zrns\ D]-\n-j - n ]d-bp-Xv EXw Fm-
Wv. EXw Fm \in-mXv Ft A-ap-q. Adnhv
Xs-bmWv EXw. Zrv \mi-an-msX {]Im-in-p-Ibpw Zriyw
\in-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. A\r-X-n kwKw-hp
]pemsX EXn Aav AXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww. Cu
\ne-bmWv imiz-Xa - mb Pohn-Xs {]Zm\w sNp-X - v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 191
87
X\n-sb-bn-sXm-s-bp-app Xn-temtcm
cn\-an-X-c-fn-en--,bn-{]-Imcw
X\p apX-em-bXp kp-atbmm
e\r-X-hp-a--X-hm-Ny-am-bn-Sp-p.
X\nsb hkvXp-sf H-bvsm-v FSp-v-

]cn-tim-[np t\m-n-bm
CsXm--bpapv Chbvsmw Dbp-v.
Xn Hmtcmtcm C\w Xn Hmtcm Hmtcm C\w
CX-c--fn-en an\--fn C
C{]-Imcw CXp-t]mse
X\p apX-em-bXv icocw apX-em-bh
kp-a kXyhpa,
Hmm ]cn-tim-[n-p- t\m-n-bm
A\r-X-hp-a Ak-Xy-hp-a-,
AXv Ahm-Ny-am-bn-Spp AXv hNn-m-\m-h--XmWv.
Hm tcm-tcm hkvXp-hns\ t- \m-n-bm Hmtcm-n\pw kzX-

{-amb AkvXn-X-bp-v. Hmtcm hkvXphpw \ma-cq-]-
-fn-eqsS AXns D shfn-s-Sp-p-p-v. cma\p-v,
koX-bp-v, tX-bp-v, am-bp-v, ]ip-hp-v, \mb-bp-v,
ag-bp-,v shbn-ep-.v Ch-bn ""Dv'' F {Inbm-]Zw Hmtcm-
n-tbpw AkvXn-Xsb shfn-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. shbn-
C Fp ]d-bp-hm Ign-bp-Ibn-. am- C Fp ]d-bp-
hm Ign-bp-Ibn. am C F \ntj[w D-bpsS
BsI \ntj-[-am-Wv. R-fpsS amhn Ctm ambn
Fp ]d-bmw. Cu ka-bv am-bn-s-n thsdmcp ka-
bv am Dm-Imw. `mhm-`m-h- XmXvm-en-I-am-Wv.
]ip-hn IpXn-cb - n-. IpXn-c-bn ]ip-hp-an-. CXv At\ym-
Btm]tZiiXIw 192
\ym-`m-h-am-Wv. ]ip Hcp C\-am-Wv. IpXnc thsdmcp C\-am-
Wv. Hn thsdm-ns Cmbva hcp-X - p-sImv icocw
kXy-a-. km-sW-n Fhn-sSbpw Fm-bvtmgpw Dm-
bn-cn-Ww. kv Cm-bvab - n-. kv C\-an-. k
kam-\m-[n-Ic - W
- a
- m-Wv. Fm amdn-sm-n-cn-p ico-
c- Cm-bvav hg-n-sm-Sp-p--Xn-\m, \in-p-t]m-
Ip--Xn-\m Ahbvp kzbw D-bn- Fp ]d-bm
Ign-bpw. C{n-b-tKm-N-cam-b-Xp-sImv ico-c-ns Dsb
]q-ambpw Xm-\m-Ip-I-bn-. hyh-lm-c-n ImW-s-
Sp temIw \in-pw. ]c-am-m-\ - n am{Xta thsd
thsd-bp AkvXn-X-I Cm-Xm-hp-I-bp-q. Fm hyh-
lm-c-n Ahsb ]q-ambpw Csp ]d-bm-\pam-hp-
Ibn- .
\ XWp-p cm{Xn-bn In-fn-p-X - p-sImp ]pX-
bvp-tm XWpv AI-p- t]m-Ip-p-v. NqSp Inp-Ibpw
sNp-p-. Infn C Fp ]d-bp-hm Ign-bp-n-. In-
fnv hymh-lm-cn-Ia - mb AkvXn-Xb - p-v. AXp-sImv AXv
A\r-Xh - p-a
- . ico-c - f
- psS temI-n Hcp-Xcw A\nh-N-
\o-bXbmWv Ah-ti-jn-p--Xv. Fs-Sp-mepw Dspw
Cspw Htc-ka - bw ]d-bm Ignbpw. Dspw Cspw
Hcp-anp ]d-bp-Xv Hcp sshcp-y-am-Wv. \ap-smcp icn-bmb
ho-Wt- Im Cm-X - p-sIm-mWv Cu sshcpyw P\n-
p--Xv. B-n-X-\mb m\nbvv Cu sshcp-y-
fn. Dbpw Cm-bvabpw hen-sbmcp kXy-amb Bm-
hn \S-p {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Gdn-am-dn-n-cn-be - m-Wv. AXp
Xncn-d- n-bW- w. Ahm-Ny-amb HmWv temIw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 193
88
kI-e-hp-ap--Xp-Xs Xz-Nn-m-
{K-l-\nXp khhp-ta-I-ambv {Klnpw
AI-ap-Ja- m-bd- n-bm-bI
v n ambbmw h
]I ]eXpw {à-ta-In-Spp ]mcw.
kI-ehpw D-Xp-Xs Fmw D-bp--Xp-X-s-bm-Wv.

Xz-Nn-m-{K-l Xzs a\\wsNbvXp a\-n-
em-p--h
CXp khhpw \ma-cq-]m--I-amb apgp-h
temItbpw
GI-ambv {Klnpw Htc-sbmcp D-bmbn D-dnbpw.
AI-ap-J-ambv Bm-`n-ap-J-ambn
Adn-bm-bvIn Adn-bmm
ambbmw h]I amb-bm-Ip henb i{Xp
]eXpw \m\m-Xz-_p-nsb DWn
{àta-In-Spp ]mcw henb {àw Dm-p-p.
tem Iw anYy-bm-sWp ]d-bp Zi-\s Bfp-I

sImcp-Xm-Xpw _pn-iq-\y-hp-ambn Icp-Xp-p. i-
cm-Nm-cy ""{_-kXyw, PKnYy'' Fp ]d-t- m temIm-
cm-an-I ]c-a] - p-t- msS AXns\ A[n-t-]n-p. {_w
am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q, PKv anYy-bm-Wv. BNm-cy
""Pothm {_-ssh \m]cm'' FpIqSn tNp ]d-n-p-
v. Poh {_wXs-bm-W.v thsd cm-a-sXm--. anYy
Fm Cm--sX--. kz-ambn D Cm-Xpw
amn\p hnt[-b-am-bXpw FmWv B hmns Aw.
\ma-cq-]m-I - a
- mb {]]w Am-\-P-\y-amb tXm-em-
Wv. B tXm B-km-m-XI v m-ct- msS amp-t]m
Ipp. {]]w kXy-am-sWp hcn-In Bcpw ]c-a-am-b-
Xns\ At\z-jn-p-I-bn-. {]]w kXy-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 194
ZpxJw \ne-\n-evp-Ibpw sNp-tm a\p-jy B-l-
Xysb {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-ambn Fp-p. Pnm-kp-hn\v ]pd-
p-IS-
- m-\p Hcp D]m-ba - m-bmWv {]]- - ns anYymXzw
BNm-cy ]d-bp-X- v. B-km-m-XI v r-X\v Fmw H-tc-sbmcp
kXyw am{Xw. B A-n-emWv Kpcp kI-ehpw DXp-
Xs Fp Dd-n-p-]d - b
- p-X - .v
ImW-s-Sp-s - Xmw D-Xp-Xs- . Ch-sbmw Cm--
X-. Fm-n\pwIqSn H Dtb Dq. As\ kh-n-
sbpw D Hm-sWp A\p-`-hn--dn-bp Bsf-bmWv
Xz-Nn-m-{K-l Fp hnfn-p-X - v. \mw Xz-Nn-m-{K-
l-\m-b-Xn-\p-tijw temI-n Pohnbv-p-tm kIe
A\p-`-h-fpw Aar-Xm-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-p. Ah\v _\w
Dm-hp-Ib - n-. Hmbn Adn-bmsX kI-ehpw DXp-Xs
Fp hnNm-cnv temI-t`m-Py-sf Dm t]mbm hnj-b-
t`mm-hns\ sIWn-bn hogvpw. Cu sIWn Hcp-
n-h- n-cn-p-Xv amb-bm-Ip h]-Ib - m-Wv. \n-fn Hcp
i{Xp \ns-Xnsc {]hn-p-p-v. \n sNbvX
GtXm Hcp sXn\v ]I hom-\p- {ia-n-emWv AXv \ntj-
[m--I-amb coXn-bn \n-fpsS I-v Xncn-Sn
\evIp--Xv. thZm- - n am{X-a amb-bp-X - v. temIs
Fm aX--fnepw Zi-\--fnepw ambm-k-am-\-amb Hcp
Xzw ImWpw. kmm-\mbpw C_n-eo-kmbpw Hs.
sltK F Nn-I CXns\ negativity FmWv hnfn-
-X.v Cu \ntj-[m-I - a- mb amb hm \m\m-Xz-_p-n-bmWv
]ns {]hn-p--I. ]e-]e ck-fpw ]e-]e XmXv]c - y-
fpw Bk-nbpw shdppw Fmw IqSn-e - v a\p-jy-Po-
hnXw Xmdp-am-dm-Ipw. AXp-sIm-mWv Bm-hns\ AI-ap-J-
ambv Adn-tb-n-hc- p-X - .v _Kvks Xz-Nn-b - nse intuition
\pw AI-ap-Ja- mbn Adn-bp-Xpw Htc Adn-hp-Xs - -bm-W.v GI-
Xz-{K-lW - p-n-bn-eq-sS-bmWv intuition k
- _ - w-`h
- n-p-X - .v Fmw
Hmbn Adn-bp-I. Hmbn B\-n-p-I.
Btm]tZiiXIw 195
89
Adn-hn-en-cpk-Z-kvXn-sb--kwJyw
s]mcn-bn-f-In-`p-h\w kv^pcn--bmte
Adn-hns\ hnsmcp hkvXp-h-\y-an-s
dn-b-W-ao-b-dn-ssh-I-cq-]y-ta-Ipw.
Adn-hn-en-cpv tIh-e-amb Adn-hn-en-cpv

AkZv AkvXn Fv CDv Fv Htc-k-abw
tXm- hn[-n
AkwJyw F-a
s]mcn CfIn Xosm-cn-I Cf-In-s-dnv
`ph\w {]]w
kv^pcn--bmte {]Xo-X-am-Ip--Xp-sImv
Adn-hns\ hnv Adn-hn\npw thdn
Hcp hkvXp A\y-an-sv thsdmcp k Csv
Adn-bWw t_m[y-s-S-Ww.
Cu Adnhv C-s\-bp- m\w
sFI-cq-]y-taIpw khm--m\w \Ipw
H tc Xzw Xs-bmWv ]e-hn[ ZrjvSm-

km[-Il - r-Zb
- - n ]Xn-b- - h
- f
- n[w Bhn-jvIc
Xv. Fm Hcp tmIw thsdmcp tmI-n\p ]Icw
- n-eqsS Kpcp
- n-p--
hbvm\pw Bhp-X -
- . AXns coXn-hn-[m-\ - n-\pw (meth-
odology) ho-Wt - Im-Wn\pw hyXym-ka - p-.v km[m-cW - - msc
kw_-n-n-St- mfw Adnhv F hmv tIp-tm a\-
n ]Xn-p-t]mb Iptd cqVy-f - mWv s]mn-hc - n-
I. Fm CXp-hsc \mw a\-n-em-n-b A-n-sem-
p-a Kpcp Adn-shv {]tbm-Kn-p-X - v. Cwojp `mj-bn
consciousness Fv GXm-sms ASp-p-hcm-hp Hcp
kw sImmWv Adn-hns\ samgn-am-dp-X - v. ]mm-Xyv
Cu hmv Ah-cp-tS-Xm-b A-I-ev]-\-I-fn-eq-sS am{Xta
Btm]tZiiXIw 196
a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. kwkvIr-X-n t_m[w,
NnXv, kwhnXv, {] F kw-I Adn-hn\v ]Icw
hbvm-dp-v. Adnhv F ] ae-bm-f - ns am[pcyw thsd
Hcp ]Z-n\pw Inp-Ib- n-. AXp-sIm-mWv C{X-am-{Xw hni-
Zo-Ic
- W
- hpw hn]p-e\
- hpw Adn-hn\vv \tInhcp-X - v.
An-IpWvUw In-nt? AXn\npw Xosm-cn-I
NnX-dn-s-dn-p-X - p-t]m-se-bmWv Adnhv A\p-`h - - f
- n-eqsS
{]Xo-Xa - m-Ip-X - v. B {]Xo-XnIfmIs Wt\cw am{Xta
\ne-\ne-\np-p-ff - q. Hcp Xosmcn Ipd-p-t\cw hmbp-hn
Xn-\nv Nmc-ambnocp-p. AXp-sIm-mWv Ak-Zv-
AkvXn, CDv F `mhm-`mhm\p-`h - - f
- n AkwJyw
Xosm-cn-I Cf-Ins-dnv `ph\w kv^pcn-p-Xv Fp
Kpcp ]d-n-cn-p-X - v. Htc-ka - b
- w-Xs kZv`m-hhpw Ak-
Zv`m-hhpw temI-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Fm Adn-hv
kpw Nnpw B\-h - p-am-Wv. AXn\v A`m-ha - n-. B Adn-
hn\nmWv kpw Akpw IqSn-e - `ph\w Pzen-
p--Xv. ag-bp-v--a-g-bn F cv A\p-`-h-t]mse
kIe C{n-b-h-kvXp--fpsS Imcy-nepw `mhm-`m-h-
{]k-a - m-Wv. CXn\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-p-Xv amb-bm-Wv. amb
Adn-hn \nln-Xa - m-Wv. Fm Adnhv amb-bm A_m-[n-
XamWv. ambsb Dw-Ln-p--Xs Adn-hn\v \ne-\np-hm
Ign-bpw.
Poh-\nse Ahn-Zy-bmWv temIw Dspw Cspw
apd-amdn {]I-Sa - m-p-X - v. hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw, Hm
bpw ad-hnbpw, DWhpw Dd-hpw Fmw amb-bpsS hcp-Xn-
bn hcp-X - m-Wv. Fm Adn-hns tIh-ek - z-cq-]
- n
Cu Zzzm-\p-`h- - f - n \nsms hnap-n-bp-v. Adn-hns\
hnsmcp hkvXpA\y-an-sv A-dn-bW - w. Fm am{Xta
\m\m- hkvXp-f - nepw Pohn-If - nepw sFIy-ns {]Im-i-
[m-csb hnf-n-sb-Sp-p-hm Ign-bp-I-bp-q. XsXs
Bm-hns\ Fm-nepw ImWp A\p-`h - a
- m-WX- v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 197
90
A\r-X-sam-c-kvXn-Xtb ad-bvp-I-ns
\p-`-h-app kZ-kvXn-sb-n-hw
A\p-]-Z-a-kvXn-X-bm-en-Xm-hrXw kZv
L\-a-Xn-\mse Itf-_-cm-Zn-Im-cyw.
A\r-Xw AkXyw
Hc-kvXn-Xsb ad-bvp-In kXys ad-bvp-I-bn.
kZv AkvXn Fn-hw Dv Dv F Xc-n-ep-
F A\p-`hw Dv A\p-`hw Ghpap-XmW.v
A\p-]Zw Hmtcm A\p-`-hhpw
AkvXn-Xb - m D-bm
CXm-hrXw \nd-hp-XmW.v
AXn-\mse AXp-sImv
Itf-_-cmZn Imcyw icocw XpS-nb Imcy-{]-]w
kZvL\w kn-\m hym]vX-am-Wv.
H cp Iw ]d-m B Iw s]mfn-bm-Xn-cn-W
\nc-cw \pW-I ]d-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. Fmepw
kXyw Fs-nepw Xe \on ]pd-p-hc
- s- a-n
- m-Xn-cn-n-. kXyw
F{X ad-p-h - mepw adt Ccn-p-p-ff - q, Cm-Xmbnocp-
n-. \-psS kmaq-ln-IX - bpw aXhpw hnZym-`ym-khpw amaq-
ep-Ifpw Fmw Gsd-p-sd-sbms I-\m-Wb - - f- m-Wv. Cu
hymP-Po-hn-X- ns ]cn-cw-`W -
- nsn-cn-p km[m-cW - -
a-\p-jy\v Ftm-sg-nepw kXy-ns Hcp t\ A\p-`hw
Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ib- n-. AtXmsS At-lw kXys ]qX
tbmsS Adn-bm thn-bp- {iaw Bcw-`n-pw.
Ccp-f-S K--fn-eqsS \S-p-\o-p P\m-h-en-
sb -t\mn tbip ]dp: ""\n temI-ns shfn--
am-Wv. ae-ap-I-fn ]WnX Hcp \K-cs Hp-sImpw ad-
p-h-bvp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-.'' \mw F{X \ntj-[n-mepw
Btm]tZiiXIw 198
\n a-dn-cn-p kXys F-s\-bmWv Cm-Xm-
m Ign-bpI? ""Rm C, Rm C'' Fsm-cm hnfn-
p-]d
-
- m Abm Cm-Xm-Iptam? ""Rm Am-\n-bm-
Wv, Rm Am-\n-bmWv'' Fp ]d-m Abm
Am- \ nbm- I ptam? m\w- s Im- t Abm- f Xv ]d-
bpXv? m\-an-m-m F-s\-bmWv Abm Am-
\n-bm-sWv Adn-bpI? AXp-sImv ksb Hcn-epw
AkXywsImp ad-bvp-hm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. kXyw imiz-X-
am-Wv. A\rXw Aim-iz-X-am-Wv. \psS Hmtcm A\p-`-h-
nepw \nd-n-cn-p DXs-bmWv Fm {]m]-n-I-
h-kvXp-f
- nepw \nd-n-cn-p-X- v. AXn-s\-bmWv kZvL\w
Fp ]d-bp-X - v. a\p-jy\pw Dc-K - fpw ]n-Ifpw arK-
fpw ama-eI- fpw apw hnpw Fmw kZvL\ - a
- m-Wv. kZvL-
\-ambn Adn-bp-tm-gmWv At\-IX - I- Xntcm-`h - n-p-X
- v.
{]]--nse Hmtcm hkvXp-hnepw B-mhns D
shfn-s-Sp-p-v. Bm-hns kzcq-]-eWamWv kpw
Nnpw B\--hpw. hyhlm-c-n AkvXn, `mXn, {]nb-am-
bmWv kn-Zm-\w {]Imin-p--Xv. ]pkvX-I-apv F
hmIy-n Dv FXv ]pkvX-I-ns AkvXn-X-sb-
bmWv shfn-s-Sp-p--Xv. ]pkvX-Is ImWpp F
hmIy-n Nnv `m\w sNp-I-bm-Wv. ]pkvX-Is CjvS-
s-Spp F k`-n B\w {]nbm-{]n-b--fmbn
A\p-`q-Xa- m-Ip-p. \ma-cq-]
- f
- n {_-ns kzcq]w `mKn-
I-ambn {]Im-in-p-p-v. \ma-cq-]- A\r-X--fm-sW-
nepw AkvXn-Xsb ]q-ambn hyh-lm-c-nt]mepw
ad-bvm km[n-p-I-bn F A\p-`-hw \ap-t-hp-
ap-v. icocw apX kIe {]m]-n-I-h-kvXp-fpw hnNmcw
sNbvXm kZvL-\-am-sWp t_m[y-s-Spw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 199
91
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w
\nb-X-hp-a-s\ Xs \nev-bmte
{]nb-a-P-a-hy-b-a-{]-ta-b-ta-Im
Zzb-an-Xp-Xm kpJ-amp \nn-Spp.
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn kpJ-ap-m-p hnjbw

t\Sm-\mbn
sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w \mw {]bXv\w sNpp.
\nb-Xhpw Ftmgpw
A-s\-Xs kpJw-tX-Sp hy{KX
\n-bmte \ne-\npw.
{]nbw {]nbw
APw AXv P\nm--XmWv.
Ahybw AXv \mi-an-m--Xm-Wv.
A{]-tabw AXv Adn-hn\v hnj-ba- m-hm-X
- mWv.
GIm-Zzbw AXv GIhpw AZz-b-hp-amWv.
CXp-Xm Cu {]nbw Xs-bmWv
kpJ-amp \nn-Spp B\--kz-cq-]ambn \np--Xv.
a \p-jy kzXth Hcp kpJm-t\z-jn-bm-Wv. kpJ-ns

Ipd-hmWv kXys Adn-bmt]mepw Ahs\ t{]cn-n-
p--Xv. kpJw _mly-hn-j-b--fn-em-sW-mWv Hmtcm-cp-
cpw s]mXpth [cn-p-h-n-cn-p--Xv. CXv qe-Zr-p-I-
fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Ipd-p-IqSn kqva-X-bn-tev Xnc-
p-t]m-b-hv am\-kn-I-X-e-n kpJw Is-m
Ign-bm-dp-v. cp {]IrX-mcpw sXmb hgn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv
kpJw tXSn Ae-bp--Xv. temI-hn-j-b-v \mi-ap--
Xp-t]mse am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-pw NypXn hcmw. \mi-h-
kvXp-f - n imiz-Xk
- pJw Xnc-bp-X
- mWv a\p-jys Ghpw
henb _pn-hn-]-cy-bw. \mw At\z-jn-p hnj-b-n
Btm]tZiiXIw 200
\npw imiz-X-kpJw e`n-p-n-s-n \mw \ncm-icpw
lXm-ic
- p-am-Ipw. kpJm-t\z-jWw ZpxJ-n Iem-in-p-Xv
As\-bmWv.
hniv Hcp ZpxJ-am-Wv. t]mj-W - ns A`m-ha - mWv hni-
v. B ZpxJs \nhm-cWw sNp-hm\mWv Aw Xnc-bp-
Xv. hni-S- - n-bm kpJ-ap-m-bn. Atm Ah IcpXpw
A-n-emWv kpJw Ccn-p-s - X-v. IqSp-X Aw Ign-
m A-s\-bm-sW-n IqSp-X kpJw Int-X -- t?
AsXm-cn-epw kw`hn-p-n-. Hcm-fpsS CjvSh - k- vXp-hmb
]m]mbkw ]p ms-nepw \n_-np IpSn-n-m
Abmv AXn-t\mSv sNSnv hcpw. ]mbkw kpJ-hk - vXp-
hm-bn-cn-p-s-n Fs\-bmWv AXv sNSn-mbn ]cn-W-
an-p--Xv? \mw hnj-b--fn-encn-p \-psS {]nb-Xsb
[ym\m-I - a- mbn aqey-hn-th-N\w \Sn t\mnbm {]nb-
ns t{kmXv hnj-b-f-sv t_m[y-s-Spw. Bm-
hmWv {]nb-ns bYm t{kmXv.
BmWv kpJw thm-Xv? Fm Wn-I
kpJs imiz-XkpJ-n-\p-thn hnth-In-If - m-bh - XyPn-
m-dp-v. XyPn-ptmgpw kpJm-t\z-jWw \nb-Xa - m-bn XpS-
cpp. {]nb-hkvXp \nXy-amb B\-s {]Zm\w sNmn -
S-tmfw At\z-jWns ]qo-I-cWw \op-\op
t]mIp-p. Bm-hn am{Xta \nXym\apq. Bm-\w
AP-am-Wv. AXv Fs-nepw Dm-bX. Dm-Im-X - v \in-
p {]ivan-. P\-\hpw hn\m-ihpw IqSmsX B\w {]Im-
in-p-p. a[p-ca - p- ]mbkw IpSn-p-X - p-t]m-se-b Bm-
\w. ]mbkw Hcp hnj-ba - m-Wv. ck-\b- n-eq-sS-bmWv AX-dn-
bp-X - v. Bm-\w Hcp hnj-ba -
- m-X - n-\m A{]-ta-ba - m-
Wv. C{n-ba\-pIsImv Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib - n-. hnj-b-
kp-J - At\-Ia - m-sW-nepw B-kpJw GI-hpw AZz-b-
hp-am-Wv. Cu B\-k - z-cq-]t- an \mw \psS Pohn-Xs
kw^p-a - m-t-X - p-v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 201
92
hyb-a-W-bmsX shfnp the sNpw
\nbaan-cn--Xp-sImp \nXy-amIpw
{]nb-a-Ita ]ncn-bm-sX-bp-n-Xn-o
{Inb-sbmcp tIhe_mly-enw-K-amIpw.
hyba-Wb
- msX hncm-a-an-msX
shfnp the sNpw _mly-ambn Iw sNbvXp-
sIm-t-bn-cn-p-I
\nbaw F \nbaw
Ccn--XpsImv D-Xp-Im-cWw
\nXy-amIpw {]nbw \nXy-amb B\w
AIta ]ncn-bmsXbpv \nXs Ac-ambn
Ccn-p-p-v.
CXnv Cu Bm-\--n\v
Cu {Inb _mly-ambn sNp {Inb-I
Hcp _mly-enw-K-amIpw _mlyamb AS-bm-f - am{X-amIpw
C Xp-h-sc- \mw t]dn-\-S-n-cp Fm ap[m-c-W-I-tfbpw

XInSw adn-bvp shfn-s-Sp-emWv ""{]nbw AIta
]ncn-bmsXbpv'' Fp--Xv. {]nbw Fm B\-w. Cu
kXyw t_m[y-s-m ZpxJ-s-p-dnv IhnX Fgp-Xn-b-
hpw IY-I IYn-hpw Zi-\- Icp-n-Sn-n--
hpw \n- - n-bn-msX \w Xncn-tbn hcpw. \mw
B\-a - m-W,v ZpxJ-a
- . ""Bm-hn Zcn-{Z-cm-bh- `mKy-hm-m''
FmWv tbip ]d-X - v. Kpcp kuay-ambn AXv Xncp-p-
p: Bm-hn\p Zmcn-{Zy-an-. Bmhv alm-k -
- am-W.v [\y-
Xbpw IrXm-Xbpw Bm-hmWv. Zmcn{Zys Hcp `mKy-
ambn Icp-Xp-Xv {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-amb Zi-\-am-Wv. {]IrXn
apgp-h hk--k-ao-c-W-\n ]qh-Wn-bp-tm ]qp-n-
I Xpn-f - n-p-Ibpw a[p-a - n-II
- aqfn-mp ]mSp-Ibpw
Btm]tZiiXIw 202
tImIn-e- ImIfn ]mSp-Ibpw sNp-tm BZmcn-{Zy-
ap-h
- KZvKZw s]mgn-p-Xv D-aa - mb Zi-\a - m-bn-cn-n-
. Fm krjvSn-Ifpw B\- - n\nmWv {]`hn-p-X - v.
kv{Xo]p-cpj-kwtbmKw B\-a - q-bn-emWv Iem-in-p-X - v.
ZpxJw Hgn-hm-m-\p I-t{]-cW - I- t]mepw hnc Nqp-
Xv ZpxJw \psS kl-P{- ]-Ir-Xn-b Fm-Wv. ""B\--
tah [ymbn kth ZpxJw \ I-\.'' B\-a - mWv kI-
ecpw [ym\n-p-X - v, ZpxJs Bcpw [ym\n-p-n Fv
Kpcp A]-hm-ZZ- \-n kv]jvSa - m-n-bn-p-v. a\p-jy-cpsS
Imcy-n am{X-a, Poh-Pm-e--fnepw kpJ-n-\p-th-n-
bp hyba-Wb - m I-hym-]m-c - ImWmw.
Hcp \In \r-am-Sp-tm Ag-Im AwK-N-e\-
-fn\npw Ah-fpsS \b-\--fnepw apJpw ]cn-tim-
`n-X-am-b {]km-Zm--I-X-bn\npw Hs \mw a\-n-em-
p-Xv, Dn-en-cn-p B\--amWv ]pds Xpn-p-
fp--ep-I-fmbn amdp--sX-m-Wv. AIta ]nc-bm-sX-bp
B\--n\nv PohnXw hgn-sm-gp-Ip-tm kq
Ie-bmbn PohnXw amdn-a-dn-bp-p.
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Dn \nXy-amb B\w B-k--
bn\npw ]ncn-bmsX Ccn-p-p-v. \mw sNp {Inb-
I-sfmw AXns _mly-amb Bhn-jvIm-c- am{X-am-
Wv. Nn{X-Im-c Nn{Xw hc-p-Xpw Ij-I hb-en
hnn-d-pXpw inev]n ac-n sImp-Xpw Fgp-p-
Im-c kmln-Xy- Ipdnn-Sp-Xpw Fmw B\--ns
_mly-enw-K
- f - m-W.v ""khw ln kn-Zm-\w t\l \m\mkvXn
In\.'' Fmw kn-Zm-\w am{Xw. thsd Hpw ChnsSbn.
CXmWv Kpcp-hns Zi-\w.
Btm]tZiiXIw 203
93
Ne-ap-S-e X\np Xs-bm-m
hnep-a-[nIw {]nb-h-kvXp-hn--b\yw
hne-kn-Sp-am--KXw {]nbw hnSmXo
\ne-bn-en-cn--Xp-sImp \nXy-amm.
New DS A am-n\p hnt[-b-am-Ip

ico-c-tmSp XmZm-y-w hn
X-\nv Hcp-h\v
Xs Bm-hnepw Xs Bm-hn-t\-m
A[nIw {]nb-hkvXp A[nIw {]nb-s-- hkvXp
A\y-w C as-hn-sSbpw C.
hne-knSpw kv]jvS-ambn A\p-`-hsSp
B-K-X-{]nbw Bm-hn-t\m-Sp- {]nbw
hnSmsX hnp-t]m-ImsX
Cu \ne-bn CtX \ne-bnXs
Ccn--Xp-sImv XpS-cp--Xp-sImv
Bm \nXyw Bmhv \nXy-amWv.
i cocw am-n\p hnt[-ba - m-Wv. Hcp inip-hm-bn-cn-p-tm

icocw \t arZphpw Zp_-e-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. Fm
B DSX-s-bmWv _mey-n-eq-sSbpw Iuam-c - n-eq-sSbpw
buh-\ - n-eqsSbpw hm-Iy-n-eq-sSbpw ]cn-Wa - n-p-Xv.
ico-c- ns am-f - p-ambn XmZm-y-s-m kpJ-Zpx-J -
amdn-amdn hp-sIm-n-cn-pw.
{io_p-s ASpv Hcp bphXn Xs Ipn-s ih-
i-co-ch
- p-ambn Fn. Ah tIWp-Ic -
- p- sImv {io_p--
t\mSv At]-np: ""Fs Htc-sbmcp Ipv acn-p-t]m-bn.
F\n-n\n Bcp-an-. Atp am{Xta Fs Ipn\v
]p\Pw \Im-\m-hq.'' {io_p bp-hX - nsb t\mn. Ah-
fpsS ssZ\y-Xb - n Aenhp tXmnb _p-`K - h
- m ]d-p:
Btm]tZiiXIw 204
""Rm \ns klm-bn-mw. AXn-\mbn Hcp ISp-Ip-aWn
hmn-smp hcWw. Bcpw acn-m hon\n-m-bn-cn-
Ww AXv sImp-hc
- p-hm.''
Iri-Ku-Xan FmWv B bph-Xn-bpsS t]cv. Ah
Ipns\ _ps ]mZ-f - n InSn. ISp-Ip-aWn sImp
hcm\mbn HmSn. BZyw I hon Ibdn. AhnsS ISp-Ip-.v
]t, B Krl-\m-Ys A Ipd-p-\m-fp-Ip-ap-mWv
acn-Xv. ky-bm-Ip-thmfw hoSp-ItXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-d - n-bnpw
Bcpw acn-m hon-\npw KuX-anv ISp-Ip-aWn Inn-bn-
. Ahp a\-n-embn Fm- hoSp-If - nepw D-h Bsc-
nepw acnn-ps-;v Xs Ipv am{X-a acn-sXv. Ah-
fpsS Dn hnth-I - ns Xnf-w A\p-`h - s
- -p. kzm`m-hn-
I-amb Hcp {]imn Dudn-q-Sn. Ah Xncn-p-hv _ps
Im InS-n-bn-cp Ipns\ FSp-p-sIm-p-t]mbn
kwkvIc - n-p. ]noSv {io_p-s injy-bmbn.
DS-en-t\m-Sp {]nbw Gdn-b-Xp-sIm-mWv Ahv
ZpxJw Dm-b-Xv. AXn-\p-]cn Hcp kXyw Dsv Ahv
t_m[y-s-p. Bm-hn {]nbw P\n-m am{Xta DS-en-
t\m-Sp- cmKw Ap-t]m-hp-Ib- p-q. hncmKX ASn-tnm-
sX-Xs Bm-hn-ep- {]nbw hnI-kn-n-Ww. Bmhv
{]nb-ns Ccn-n-S-am-Wv. _rl-Zmc-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-n
bm-he - vIy ssat{X-bn-tbmSp ]d-bpp: ""`mcy `m-
hns\ kvt\ln-p-Xpw `mhv `mcysb kvt\ln-p-Xpw
Bm-hn-ep- {]nbw-sIm-m-Wv.'' Bm-hn {]nbw P\n-
m Hnt\mSpw shdpp tXmp-Ib - n.
tbip ]dp: ""\ns-tmse \ns Abm-ct- \bpw
kvt\ln-p-I.'' Abmc Fs Bm-hmbn hc-Ww.
Rm Fs kv t \ln- p- - X p- t ]m- s e Abm- c s\
kvt\ln-Ww. Bm-hn-ep- {]nbw DWmte B
kvt\lw ]q-am-Iq. ssZhw kvt\l-am-sWv tbip ]d-
bp-p. Fm Kpcp Bm-hn-en-cn-p {]nbw Xs-bmWv
ssZhm-\p-`qXn Fp hy-am-p-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw 205
94
De-I-hp-ap--Xp-am-bv-ep \nevpw
\ne hep-Xm-sbmcp \oXn-tI-Sn-Xt{X,
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X-hm-Mva-t\m-tKm
Nc-an-Xn-sep Ncn-nSpw {]amWw?
De-Ihpw \ma-cq-]m--I-amb temIhpw

D-Xp-ambn ]c-a-k-Xy-hp-ambn
Iep-\nevpw \ne Hnp Ien-cn-p nXn
hep-Xmb hfsc henb
Hcp \oXn-tI-Sn-X-t{X Hcp \oXn-tI-Sm-Wv, sshcp-y-amWv.
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm Acp-XmX BZy--\n-bw hcp-m-\m-Im,
Ahm-Mvat- \m-tKm-Ncw hmp-sImp hnh-cn-mt\m a\p-
sImp {Kln-mt\m Ign-bm-
CXn Cu Bm-hn
Fp Ncn-nSpw {]amWw? Fs\ {]am-W-
{]hnpw?
sh fn--ap-n-Sv Ccp-n\p \nm Ign-bp-I-bn-. CXp

X-a kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Fm shfn-hpw Ccppw
Hn-n-cn-p-XmWv {]]-{- ]-XoXn. Hcp hkvXp-hn\v _mly-
cq]w \evIp-Xv shfn-w- am-{X-a- , Ccppw IqSn- Iem-Wv.
GXp cq]saSp-mepw AXn Ccppw shfn-hpapv. shfn-
-ns A`m-ha - mWv Ccp-sp ]d-bp-X- v. _mly-tem-Iv
shfn-- n Ccpv Dtn-cn-p-p-v. CsXmcp henb
sshcp-y-am-Wv. Ccp-v Hcp k-b-, shfn--ns A`m-
h-am-Wv. AXp-t]msebmWv \ma-cq-]m--I-am-b temIhpw
Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. temIw BXy-n-I-am-b- k-Xy-hp-
ambn Hn-n-cn-p-Xv Zmi-\n-I-X-bn hcp Hcp sshcp-
y-am-Wv. AXn-s\bmWv Kpcp \oXn-tI-sSp ]d-bp--Xv.
Cu \oXn-tI-Sns\ Xop-hm thn-bmWv Fm Xz-
Btm]tZiiXIw 206
Nn--Ifpw Zi-\-im-kv{X-fpw H-s-n thsd Xc-
n {ian-p-X- v. Cpw Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lr-Xa
- m-bn-n-.
{]iv\w hyn-K-X-am-Wv.
{]iv\w FmWv? Dbpw Cm-bvabpw Hn-n-cn-pp
FXmWv {]iv\w. hmkvXh -
- n kXy-n\v sshcp-y-an-
. sshcpyw \n-emWv Ccn-p--Xv. \-psS sshcp-y-
amWv \mw kXy-n Btcm-]n-p-X - v. Xz-Nn-m-{K-l\v
sshcp-y-an-sv Kpcp-Xs ]d-n-p-v. hmp-sImtm
a\-p-sImtm ]d-bp-hmt\m hnNm-cw-sN-phmt\m Ign-bm-
-XmWv B-kX - y-ns \ne. Cs\ hmpw a\pw
{]th-in-m Hn-s\-p-dnv Fs\ Nnn-m\pw ]d-
bm\pw Ignbpw?
Fm Cu {]tl-fn-I-sbp-dnv hj--fmbn \mw
Nhn-X-NhWw \S-n-sm-n-cn-pIbm-Wv. Fnpw
FhntSbpw Fn-bn-n-. {]am-W- {]th-in-m-n-Sv
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-km-y-X-t]mepw AkvX-an-n-cn--bm-Wv.
Hmtcm Xzimkv{X-n\pw AXn-t-Xmb {]am-W--fp-
v. Nmhm-I\pw Fnyqdpw {]Xy-s am{Xta
kXy-ambn Fp-p-q. Ah {]-Xy--hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. Nne
A\p-am\tbpw AXnsIqsS Iqpw. Atm I-Xns
ASn-m-\-n A\p-am\w \Sn AXn-eq-sSbpw kXyw
Is-m {ian-pw. a\v Ncn-mnSv A\p-am-\-
n-\v Fv kmwK-Xy-am-Wp-Xv? D]-am-\w, i_vZw, Am-
]-n, A\p-]-e_v[n Fo {]am-W- IqSp-Xe - mbn thZm-
n- I D]- t bm- K n- p- t ]m- c m- d p- v . Fm Ahsbmw
shdpw t\c-tm-p-I am{Xw. B-k-bpw temIhpw
Hn-n-cn-p \ne Hcp Ap-X-{]-Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. B {]Xn-
`m-ks B-cy-`-cn-X-\mb Hcp inip-hn-s\-tmse In-
cn-m am{Xta Hp-I-bp-q. \nh-Nn-m Ign-bn-. In-
cn--W-sa-n a\p ImSn t]mse-bm-I-Ww. AXn\v
AssZz-Xm-\p-`hw Dm-I-Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw 207
95
hn]p-e-X-bm hnt\m-Z-hnZy ambm
hyh-ln-X-bmbv hne-kp hniz-hocyw
Ch-fn-h-fn--h-Xo-bm-bnSpw X
h-b-h-a-WvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bmIpw.
hn]p-e-X-bm A-Xn-cp-I-fn-m
hnt\m-Z-hnZy B\-tm--h-amWv
{]]--{]-Xn-`mkw
ambm-hy-hl
- n-Xb
- mbv amb-bm Bhr-Xa- mbn
hne-kp {]I-S-am-Ip
hniz-hocyw hniz-_oP-amWv
Ch Ch.
Ch Cv Cu hniz-_oPw ChnsS
{]]--cq-]-n
Ah-Xo-bm-bnSpw {]IS-am-bn-o-cpp.
X Ah-bhw hniz-ho-cy-bmb amb-bpsS
Ah-bh -
- f- mWv
AWvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bm-Ipw F-a oc-]-Y-.
cn kpJmhv F imkv{X- Dancing Wuli Masters

Km Fsmcp {K-sa-gp-Xn-bn-p-.v Cu {K-n Atlw
{]]s Du-tc-Wp--fpsS kwL-\r-ambn-mWv
hn-p--Xv. kwL-SnX Du-]-S-e-s-bmWv wuli F
ssN\okv ]Zw-sImv A-am-p-X - v. {^ntPm^v Im{]bpw
Du-\-S-\-ambn {]]-s hymJym-\n-n-p-v. D]-\n-j-
ns m\-]-m--e-n--\n-mWv Ch-scmw {]]-
-ns eoem-hn-em-ks kzmwio-I-cn--Xv. Du-I-W-
\rw sNpXmWv {]]w Fv B[p-\n-I-im-
kv{Xcpw ]d-bp-tm Ah {]]--ns Ahym-Jym-
b-Xsb am\n-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. {io\mcm-b-W-
Kpcp hniz-X-{s Hcp hnt\m-Z-hn-Zy-bm-bmWv Fp--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 208
B hnt\m-Z-hn-Zyv am\--fn- (dimensionless). AXv hn]p-
eX-bm-Xm-Wv. B_v sFo hymJym-\n-p-X
hniz-Nn-{X-n\v \mev am\--fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. \ofw, hoXn, Db-
cw, Ne\w Fn-h-bmWv B \mep am\-. Fm AXn-
cpI-fn-m \S-cm-P-s B\-tmhw `mc-X-ns ]pcm-
hr---fn shdptX ]d-p-t]m-cp Imev]-\n-I-X-b-.
sNdnb AWp-hnepw _rl-mb BIm-i-nepw hniz-ho-
cy-ns ssNX-\y-kv^p-c-W-ap-v. hniz-ho-cy-ns Xn-
-sIm-mWv {]]--hn-em-kw kw`-hn-p--Xv.
hniz-ho-cys Ch FmWv Kpcp ]d-bp--Xv. Ch
FXv kvss{XW-amb ]cm-ai-am-Wv. Ch Chs in-
bm-Wv. Ch Ch-\n\npw A\-\y-bm-Wv. ambmin-bm-
Wv Ch. in inhs hma-`m-K-am-sWv `mc-X-ns
]ucm-Wn-I Imhy-kv]iw \evIn Ah-X-cn-nmdp-v.
in ssN\-mv "bn' BWv. "bmn'\npw thdn--
X bn. Cu in-sb-X-s-bmWv _Kvk elan vital
F- ]Zw-sImv D-t-in-Xv. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k
{_s tZhn-bm-bn-mWv Zin-p--Xv. AXp-sIm-mWv
Kpcp hniz-ho-cys Ch Fp hnfn-p--Xv. Cu ImWm-
hp {]]hpw AXn-\-p-d-p-Xpw Cu tZhnbpsS AwK-
hn-t-]- am{X-am-Wv. amb hnt-]-i-n-sIm-mWv
temIs Dm-n-m-Wn-p--Xv. ambm-in-bpsS Ah-
b-h--fmWv AWvU-I-Sm-l-sf-mw. amb Hcp tZh-X-b-.
Hcp Xz-am-Wv. Ihn-I-fpsS `mj-bn Ah Ah Fs-
m-ap kvss{XW-]u-cp-j-]-cm-ai--sfmw B\p-jw-Kn-
I-ambn ISp hcp-tmgpw Kpcp-hns kp\n-n-X-amb
AKXw \mw a\-n-em-n-bm aXn.
Btm]tZiiXIw 209
96
AWp-hp-aJ
- W
- U
v h- p-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-n
s\ hne-kp-n-cp-`m-K-ambn cpw
AW-bp-a-\--c-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-o
b\p-`hhpw \ne-bp \np-t]mIpw.
AWphpw sNdp-Xn sNdpXpw

AJ-WvUhpw hep-Xn hepXpw
AkvXn \mkvXn Dbpw Cm-bvabpw
Fn-s\ FXc-n-ep Zzz
Ccp-`m-K-ambn cp hi-fn-embn
hne-kpp {]Xo-X-am-Ip-p.
cpw AWbpw Bm-\p-`-hn
Zzz- \inpw.
A\-cw AXn\p-tijw
AkvXn \mkvXn Dspw Cspw
Fo A\p-`-hhpw Fp A\p-`-hfpw
\ne-bp \np-t]mIpw \ne-\n-m-\m-ImsX
A{]-Xy--amIpw.
G hpw sNdnb IW-s-bmWv AWp Fp ]d-bp-X

Ghpw hep-Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUw Fp ]d-bp-X
AWp-hns\ ]nfm Ign-bp-I-bn-. AJ-WvU-n\v
- v.
- v.
Apdw thsd Hp-an-. At\Iw AWp- tNmWv

{]]- - nse Hmtcm hkvXphpw Dm-bn-p-X - v. kakvX
hkvXp-fpw Hn-ptm AXv AJ-WvU-am-bn. B-
kXyw Htc-ka - bw sNdp-Xnepw sNdpXpw, hep-Xnepw hep-Xp-
am-Wv. ""AtWm-c-Wo-bm altXmalobm.'' Bmhv
kpva - nepw kpvaa- mWv qe-nepw qe-amWv Fv
ItTm-]-\n-jv hnfw-_cw sNp-p. AXv Al-b - psS cq]-
sa-Spv kp-Nn-Xa- mbn s]cp-am-dm-dp-v. Al AWpXzw
Btm]tZiiXIw 210
ssIh-cn-p-tm-gmWv kp-NnXXzw Dm-Ip--Xv. Xs
hyn-K-X-amb kpJ-n-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-n-Sv
Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw \nIr-jvSa
- mb Hcp hyn-Xz-n-tev Xmgp-
I-bmWv sNp-X - .v Fm kp-Nn-Xa- mb a\-ns\ Ifv
hnizs apgp-h kvt\ln-m Ign-bp AJ-WvUt- _m-
[-am-bn-o-cp-hm\pw \app Ign-bpw.
{]]w ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw Npcp-n-b Ah--bn
\nmWv almhn-kvt^m-S\w Dm-b-Xv. s]mn-s-dn {]]-
-amWv Ctm A\--X-bn-tev hnI-kn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
-Xv. hnImkwktmNw Fnh {]]-n\pw Poh\pw
Htct]mse kw`-hn-p-p-sv B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-fpw
kzoI-cn \ne-]m-Sm-Wv. Dn-s-bp-n Npcp-n-tm-Ip-
tm \fpw s]mn-s-dn-mdp-v. \-fpsS s]mn-sdn
t{Im[m-th-i-n-emWv ]cn-W-an-p-I. AtX-t]m-se-X-s-
bmWv a\v D-bp-tSbpw Cm-bva-bp-tSbpw {[ph--fn
Xn De-bp--Xv. D {]Xym-im-P-\-I-am-Wv. Cmbva \ncm-
im-P-\-I-am-Wv. Cmbva A`mh-am-sW-n D `mh-am-Wv.
Zzz- a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. m\w ssIh-cp-tm
Zzz- apc-S- p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw B[m-ck
- Xyw {]Im-in-p-Ibpw
sNpw. AXmWv \nhm-Ww.
AWp-hpw-A- J- W- vUh - pw, AkvXnbpw-\
- m-kvXnbpw tXm-
ep-I am{X-am-Wv. Ch sIp-t]m-Ipw. In-m-fp Xo sISp-
-Xp-t]m-se. As\ sIp-t]m-IpXns\-bmWv \nhmWw
Fv _p ]d-X - v. Atm a\-ns {[ph-n-S-
bn-ep- Btm-f\w \ne-bvpp. Ima-\-I HSp-p-p.
\nhmWw Dtbm Cm-bvatbm A. AXp sNdptXm
heptXm A. AXp hmK-Xo-Xa - mb A\p-`h- a
- m-Wv. {]]-{- ]-
Xo-Xn-I-sfmw \ne-bn-msX \np-t]m-Ip Cu A\p-`-h-
km-I-eys FSp-p-Im-Wn-m-\mWv Cu tmI-n-eqsS
Kpcp {ian-p-X- v.
Btm]tZiiXIw 211
97
AWp-h-dn-hn aln-am-hn-ew-K-an-m
XW-bp-a-J-WvU-hp-ap ]q-amIpw
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-dn-ho-e-J-WvUamw NnZv
L\-anXp au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw
AWp Poh
Adn-hn tIh-e-amb Adn-hns
aln-am-hn al-X-z-n
AwK-an-msX imco-cn-IX Ap-t]mbn
AWbpw hnebw {]m]npw.
AJ-WvUhpw Av AJ-WvUkXyw Atm
]q-amIpw ]q-Xsb {]m]npw.
A\p-`-hn-bmsX Adn-hoe kzm\p-`qXn hcmsX CX-dn-bn.
AJ-WvUamw AJ-WvUa- mb
NnZvL-\-anXv NnZvL-\-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.
au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw au\w L\o-`q-X-amb Aar-X-
km-K-c-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.
I S-c-bnse ]psm-Sn-bn Xn-\n-n-cp Pe-

IWw IS-en hoWp. AXv IS-embn amdn. PeIW-
n\p IS-em-Ip-hm Hcp s\mSn aXn. ]t, Hcp-]m-Sv Imn-
cp-n-p-thWw IS-e-W-bp-hm. AWp-hmb Poh F{X-
sb{X k-cn-mWv Bm-hns Xoc-s-n-bn-cn-p--
Xv. B aln-X-hn-im-e-Xsb I-tm Pohs Dn-s-bp-
n\nv Hcp kzcw hp. \ns Dd-hn-SamWv Cu A\--
X-. Cu A\--X-bn Aen-bm-\mWv \o P\n--Xv. AXmWv
\ns kmbp-Pyw. Pohs PohXzw Adn-hns al-Xz-hp-ambn
Iep-cpIn Hm-bn-ocemWv. JWvUn-X-a-m-smcp
t_m[amWv \o. AWp-hns {]Xn-Zz-z-amb AJ-WvUX Adn-
hn AWv ]p\-cm-hr-n-bn-m A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn \ne-
\n-evpw. A\p-`-h-ns ]qn-abmWXv. tX IpSn-n-n-
Btm]tZiiXIw 212
m Hcm-tfmSv tX\ns a[p-cn-a-sb-p-dnv Fs\ samgn-
bm-\mWv? samgn-mepw samgnmepw Abmv a\-n-
em-hp-I-bn-. A-cm-m-hns tX\nw kzm\p-`q-Xn-sIm-
pXs \pW-b-Ww. ]ns Hpw anm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
au\w Nn-I-fpsS ia-\-am-Wv. hmk-\-I-fpsS \mi-am-Wv.
au\w t_m[-ns \ncp-]m-[n-I-\n-e-bm-Wv. B \ne-bn-cpv
au\ap-p tbmKn-I \nhrXn-bpsS ]mc-ay-n-em-Wv hncm-
Pn-p-Xv. a\-kv]i-ta-evm \n-hr-Xn. L\o-`q-Xa - mb
m\w. B tbmKn-bpsS Znhy-km-n-y-ntev au\-ap-
m tXXp-n-Is - f-tmse kXym-t\z-jn-I Cd-n-n-
cn-pw. Ah m\-am-\ - Dt]-nv sshcm-Ky-ns
IhNw [cnv Acm-m-hn-te-p {]bmWw kpK-aa - m-p-
hm B tbmKn-k - a - s ]mZm-n-I - n A`bw Is-
pw. temI-nse Ghpw henb alm-pXw Ahn-S-
bn kw`-hn-pw. Hcp hnf-n\nv kzbw {]` \jvSs - -
SmsX At\Iw hnf-p-I In-p alm-Im-cp-Wy-ambn
B ap\n amdpw. temI-ns imn lrZ-b-n imn
Is-p--h-cn \nmWv {]k-cn-p--sXv tbmKn-I-
fpsS tXmcm--\nc `mc-X-n kmy-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
B- i m- n- b psS AKm- [ - X- b n Ah- c psS au\amWv
kwkvm-c - ns CuSp-sh-p-If - mbn XnSw hp \nevp--
Xv. ]c-am-\w L\o-`q-X-amb au\amWv. Nnmiq\y-\mb
tbmKn-bpsS au\`qanIbnemWv k-\- kmjvSmwKw
{]W-an-p-X - v. Xm-cn hoWv a[p-hpv Bc-anpw Hcp
hmWv kqcn kpIrXn Fv Kpcp ]mSnb B kqcn Kpcp
Xsbm-Wv. Btm-]t- Z-i - ns AKm-[a - mb Aar-Xh- o-Nn-
I-fmWv Kpcp-hns Cu au\-hn-\n-abw. Aar-XXz-ns kz-
km-Kcw.
Btm]tZiiXIw 213
98
CXp-hsc \msamcp hkvXp-hn--dn-o
eXn-kp-J-sa--\niw IYn--bmte
aXn apX-em-bh amdn-bm-ep-am-
kzX-b-gn-bm-X-dn-shp sNmn-tS-Ww.
AXn-kp-J-sav C\nbpw kpJw thWsav

A\niw Ftmgpw
IYn--bmte ]d-bp--Xp-Im-cWw
CXp-hsc C{Xbpw km[-\-I sNbvXnpw
\mw kXy-Pn-m-kp-
Hcp hkvXp GI-amb B-hkvXp
C-dn-oe ChnsS Adn--tX-bn-.
aXn apX-em-bh \m\m-Xz-{`-a-n\v CS hcp-p
A--c-W-hr-n-I
amdn-bmepw Cm-Xm-bmepw
B-kzX Agn-bmX Fs Bmhv F t`Z-an-m
Adn-shv tIh-em\amWv kmm-XvImcw
sNmn-tSWw Fv Adn-n-tSWw
kp J-hn-j-b-p ]nmse ]cw ]mbp a\p-jy

B-imn Fsv Adn-bp-n-. kpJ-hn-j-b-sf
]pjvSn-s-Sp-p imkv{Xhpw kmt-Xn-IhnZybpw Htsd
hnI-knp Ign-p. Hmtcm cmjv{Shpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-\ne-
hmcw sa-s-Sp-p-hm imkv{X-km-t-Xn-IhnZyIsf D]-
tbm-Ks- -Sp-p-Ibm-Wv. BUw-_c
- k
- a
- r-a
- mb hoSp-I, kpJ-
I-c-ambn bm{X sNm-hp Imdp-I, ]In-t-dnb hkv{X-
, cpNn-I-c-amb `-W- Chsbms kpJm-t\z-j-
W-ns ]mX-bn-ep- ]pXnb Is--ep-I-fm-Wv. ""Hcp
kpJ-n\nv AXnepw sa-ap- thsdmcp kpJ-n-
te v'' AXmWv \psS ap{Zm-hm-Iyw. AXp-sImv Zn\w-
Btm]tZiiXIw 214
{]Xn ^mj\pw ]mj\pw amdp-Ibm-Wv. A`n-cp-Nn-I amdp-
Ibm-Wv. _- DS-p-hms-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
AXn-kp-J-sav A\niw IYn--bm-te. kpJw thWw
kpJw thWw FmWv \psS hmbvm-cn. kpJw hnj-b-
-fn Xnc-bp-tm ]ns FhnsS-bmWv \apv \s
Adn-bp-hm t\cw? \mw \psS {]im-n-bpsS Xocv Cn-
cn-t\-c-sa-nepw Ccp-n-ptm? \psS Bm-hns {]W-
h-a-c-sf C\n-a-tbmsS Bkz-Zn-n-p-tm? \mw \psS
Bm-hns Bg-ta-dnb hnlm-b-n t`Z--fn-msX Hcn-
-se-nepw hne-bn-n-ptm? Csp ]d-tbn hcpw.
\mw Hpw Adn-n-n-. Fm Adn-bm thn-bm-bn-
cpp hnZym-e-b--fn t]mbn ]Tn--Xv. hnZym-e-b- aXn-
hn-\n-I-fm-Wv. aXn Fm _pn-bm-Wv. hnj-b-sf
hyh-t-Zn-p _pn. aXn hn-p-tm Al-Xnbpw
hnpw. Al- - X n- b n\npw ]Sp- p- b - s
PohnXw ]fp-p-sIm-mcw t]mse-bmWv. sNdn-sbm-cm-LmXw
aXn. XIp Xcn--W-am--Ipw.
Fsmw {]bm-k--fmWv a\p-jy A\p-`-hn-p-Xv?
GIm--Xbpw \ncm-ibpw DXvI-WvTbpw òXn-bp-samw Hcp-
hs hyn-Xzs Imp-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv.
Fmepw \mw Adn-hm-f-m-sc-tmse kwkm-cn-pw. F\n-
ss Adn-bm-sap hp ]d-bpw. Fm B-kzm-
X{yw B\p-`q-Xn-I-am-Wv. AXp {]im-n-bpsS el-cn-bmWv.
hnjm-Z--hn-bn-m NnZm-Im-i-am-Wv. Fs Bmhv t`Z-
_pn Ah-km-\n-bvWw. AtmgmWv B-kzXbgn-bmX
Adn-hm-Ip--Xv. Hcn-epw \in-p-t]m-Im Cu m\w
Bm-hn\npw A\y-am-ImsX Adn-b-Ww. Rm Fpw
Ft-Xv Fpw D hnShv B-m-\s XS--s-Sp-
p--Xm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw 215
99
Adn-h-l-sa--Xp-c-p-ta-I-am-am
hc-W-sam-gn--h\\y\pp hmZw
Adn-hns\ hn-l-a-\y-am-Ip-sa-m
edn-hn-s\-bn--dn-bm-\p-am-cp-an-.
Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv

Alw FXp cpw Rm Fp cpw
Bh-cWw Hgn--h\v ambm-ad amdn-b-h\v
GIamw GIamWv.
A\y\v Bh-cWw Hgn-bm--h\v
hmZ-apv Cm-cy-n X-ap-v.
Adn-hns\ hnv ]c-a-amb Adn-hn\nv
Alw Rm
A\y-amIpw Fm thsdbm-sWp hm
Adn-hns\ Cu Adn-hns\
Cv Adn-bm\pw ChnsS Adn-bm\pw
Bcp-an Bcpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn.
B tm-]-tZ-i-i-XIns awKfw ]mSp--Xn\p apmbn

AXns knmw Hcn-qSn Ac-nv Dd-n-p-
p. B knmw CXm-Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw c-. GI-am-
Wv. ]t, Cu GIXzw Adn-bm--h-sc-p-dnp ]cn-K-
W-\bpw Kpcp hnp-If-bp-n-. AXp-sIm-mWv Bh-c-W-
sam-gn--hp am{X-amWv Adn-hn-tbpw Al-n-tbpw
GIm--IX Dbmbn sXfn-bpp-q. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
B GIm--I-X-bpsS Pohn-p kmy-am-bn-cp-p. kh-
nepw Xsbpw, Xs kh-nepw I-dn-bp--h Imcp-
Wy-im-en-I-fmWv. Atd-_y aW-em-c-Wy-n sImp-]n-
Sn lnwk-In-Sb - nepw {]hm-NI
- \
- mb apl-Zp\_n Imcp-
Wy-ns ]qo-I-c-W-amb PohnXw temI-n\p ImWn
Btm]tZiiXIw 216
p-sIm-Sp-p. Pdp-k-te-anepw tPmZm \Zo-X-S-fnepw
tbip hnfw-_cw sNbvX kvt\l-k-tiw AssZz-X-t_m-[-
n\nv Dd-h-sIm--Xmbn-cp-p. Rm\pw Fs ]nXmhpw
c Fp ]d tbip [nm-cn-b-. Ffn-b-h-\n Ffn-
b-hs kzc-amWv B hmp-I-fn [z\n-p--Xv. AssZz-X-
ns emfn-Xy-n [nm-c-ns kzcw tIp-Xv
Am-\w-sIm-m-Wv. ""Adn-hl - s
- a-X
- p-c
- p-ta-Ia
- mw.'' F{X
kmz-\-ta-Ip {]Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv! Fm Cdm-Jnhv
Hcp kq^n-h-cy CtX- kXyw temI-n-t\mSp sXm-bn-S-
dn-sImv hnfnp ]dncp-p. A\ lJv Rm\mWv
kXyw Fv. Atm At-ls Kf-tZwsNbvXp. Cu
Ak-ln-jvWpX t{]mm-l-\o-b-a-.
""A\lJv'' Fv akq Alv F kq^n-
k-ymkn samgn-Xns Aw km{-Zm-bnI-hm-Zn-Iv
lrZ-b-I-tTm-c-am-bn-oXv F-s\-bm-Wv? m\-ns
sXfn-a-bn-m hnizm-k-ns K--fn hfn-sb-
Sp aX-t_m-[\w sImm-W-Xv. Rm\pw kXyhpw c
FmWv AXns Aw. kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb AssZzXm\-
n cs t_m[-an-. ]t, ssZh-n\pw a\p-jy\pw
CS-bn Am-\-ns hen-sbmcp ]SpX hoWp-In-S-p-
p-v. B ]SpX ambm-a-d-bm-Wv. AXp t]mbm a\p-jy
]pXn-sbmcp hk-m-cm-a-n-tep {]th-in-pw. temIw
Hmbn ImWm B{K-ln-p kp-fpsS Xncn--dn-hn-
\p-th-n-bmWv Kpcp Cu hcn-I Ipdn--Xv. Adn-hns\hnv
""Rm'' A\y-am-sWp hcn-I-bm-sW-n Cu Adn-hns\
Adn-bm Hcmfpw ImWp-I-bn-.- Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw Htc-
sbmcp D-bm-Wv. AXns Xmf-`-{ZX \ A\p-\n-anjw
A\p-`-hn-p--t]m-cp-p-apv. AXp-sImv Rm\pw Adnhpw
Hm-Wv. Fshnv Adnhpw C. Adn-hns\hnv Rm\pan.
a{a-[p-c-amb Hcp kwKo-X-amWv D-bpsS GIm--I-X.
Btm]tZiiXIw 217
100
AXp-an-Xp-a kZ-a-lw k
nZ-ar-X-sap sXfnp [oc-\mbn
kZ-k-ZnXn {]Xn-]-n-bp ktm
anXn arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv Aan-tS-Ww.
Alw Rm
AXpw CXpw A AsXpw CsXpw ]d-bm-hp
Hpw-X-s-b-.
AkZw A Rm anYym-k--ev]-hp-a,
kn-Z-arXw kXv NnXv B\-amWv Rm
Fp sXfnv F sXfn A\p-`q-Xn-bp-mbn
[oc-\mbn nX-{]\mbn
kZv AkZv CXn DXv Cm-Xv F
{]Xn-]-n-bv {]Xn-]nI Cm-Xmbn
kZv Hmw CXn {]]w {]W-h-sa--dnv
arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn
Aan-tSWw Hm-bn-o-cW- w.
C Xp-hsc \mw \psS Dsb ap ]e-Xp-ambn Xnp a\-

n-em-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Rm ip-amb t_m[-amWv
FXv Hcp knm--a-. kzw A\p-`q-Xnbmbn hc-Ww.
AXp-sIm-m-Wv BZy-ta-Xs Rm AXp-a CXp-a F
cp \ntj-[--fn-eqsS kwkn--am-p--Xv. Zqc--am-b-Xn-
t\bpw kao-]--am-b-Xn-t\bpw Rm\p-ambn XmZm-y-s-Sp-
nb Am-\s BZyta \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-Wv. Fn
A[y-kvX-am-bn-cp Fmw Rm Xn--f-bp-p. ssZh-
cmPyw B ae-bntem Cu ae-bntem A Fp tbip Xd-
np ]d-bm ImcWw, A-s\-sbmcp XmZm-y-_pn P\-
-fn Ccn-p--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. Fnp lrZ-b-n-tep
Btm]tZiiXIw 218
Nqn A\p-`-hs Dd-n-m-\mbn AXp \ns lrZ-b-n-
emWv Fp ]d-p. B-hkvXp Ak-Z-a-. hmp-I-
fn am{Xw HXpn \nevp anYym-I-ev]-\-bp-a Rm.
Rm kpw Nnpw Aar-Xhpw Ie ckm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-
Wv, kzmX-{y-am-Wv. apn-bm-Wv. ]p\-cm-hr-n-bn-m \ne-
bm-Wv.
tIhew Bm-hmbn hn-p-tm F\nv `bw
tXmp-n-. ImcWw Rm Fs-b-msX thsd Btcbpw
ImWp-n-. Fs Rm Fn\p `b-Ww? Rm Fs
Xo{h-ambn kvt\ln-p-p. kvt\l-n\v A\y-Xz-an-. kz-
am-m-\p hy{K-X-bp-an-. Rm\-msX thsd Btcbpw {]]-
-n ImWp-pan-. thsd Fp ]d-bsSp-sXmw
RmX-s-bmWv. AXn-cp-I-fn-m--Xn-\m Rm A\--
\m-Wv. Fmw sXfnabmbn Rm ImWp-p. A\p-`h - n-pp
F-XmWv IqSp-X icn. Hcp hkvXp-hnt\mSpw {]tXy-Inv
Bkn tXmp-n-. D-sXtm Cm--sXtm hyh-
t-Zn-m Ign-bm D-bpsS \nd-hmWv Rm. Rm
Akw-K-\m-Wv. Fs k Imcp-Wy-km-K-cw-t]mse arZp-e-
am-Wv. kpK--ta-dnb Hcp ]qhpt]mse-bmWv Rm. Rm
]cn-afw {]k-cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. FnXs B ]cn-
afw \nd-p-I-hn-bp-p. Fnse GIm--I-X-bn Fmw
arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn hne-bnv hne-bnv Hmbn amdpp.
Bg-ta-dnb au\w! HmwIm-c-ns kuay-amb \mZw! ]c-am-
m-Z-I-c-amb Cu \nan-j-ns [\yX! Fn-t-cm Hcp
CS-an-. \nhr-Xn-bpsS B\-tm--hw. AXv samgn-bm-\m-
hp-n-..........
Btm]tZiiXIw 219
D]-kw-lmcw
B tm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n\v \nc-h[n hymJym-\-fpw hni-

Zo-I-c-W-fpw Fgp-X-s-n-p-v. Aq--n Hcp
hymJym\w F \ne-bv CsX-gpXn-bnp--Xv. CXv
\app sImp-\-S-m-hp Hcp ]pkvX-IamWv. Pohn-X-
ns hnj-a-k-n-I-fn [ym\-]qhw CXnse Hcp t]Pv
Xpdv hmbn-p-I. Atm {]iv\ - p ]cn-lmcambn
\np-n Kpcp-Ir-]-bpsS shfnw hgn-Im-Wn-p-X-cpw.
CXn ]Z-tZw sNbvXn-cn-p-Xpw Aw ]d-n-
cn-p-Xpw Kpcp-hns Zi-\s BIth B[m-c-am-n-
sm-m-Wv. AXp-sImv hmp-Iv Aw ]d-bp-
tm \nLp-hn\npw t\sc A-sa-Spp ]d-bp-
I-b- sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. As\ sNbvXn-cp-s-n Ipsd
hmp-I CW--an-msX Iqn-h--Xp-t]m-setb tXmp-I-
bp-q. hmNym-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn hmp-Iv Hcp eyw
Kpcphpw Ipdn-p-p-v. Kpcp-hns `mj-bn-ep ss\]pWn
hnfn-tm-Xp--Xm-Wv AXv.
Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw Hcp alm-Zi-\-am-sWpw AXv
A\p-`qXn{][m-\a- m-sWpw a\-n-em-p-hm Cu hymJym\w
[mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. kzm\pp`q-Xnv Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw ]Icw
\nevn-. Kpcp-Xs Cu kXyw shfn-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xm-
W-tm. ""Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X A-hm-Mva-t\m-tKm-N-cw CXn-
sep Ncn-nSpw {]am-Ww?'' Bym-n-I-{K-- a\p-
jy\v Btm-p-JX (self-orientation) am{Xta Dm-n--cp-
p-q. kXym-t\z-j-Whpw Kpcp-Ir-]bpw kn-p-n-
Sp\npw B\-a - mbn kzm\p-`qXn DdphcWw. Kpcp-hns
ImcpWyw \-fn-semw Aar-X-hjw sNmcn-b-s.
Btm]tZiiXIw 220
]Z-kqNn
AJ--hn-thIw 93 Bhn 71
AwKn 155 Bi-b-hmZw 18
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvarXn 147 Bw 166
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n 147 CZ 121
AssZz-X-Zo-]nI 83 Cc 150
A\lJv 217 Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv 164
A\m-Zn-eoe 163 Ck (ssl-p-I-hn) 115
A\p-`hw 80 Clw--]cw 181
A\p-`qXn 84 Cuiz-c 44
A\y 90,92 Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw 45
A-cWw 23 Dpw-Km-\p-`qXn 185
AWp-Ip-Spw_w 65 D]m[n 158
AWp--A-JWvUw 210 D-S-pI 21
A]-hmZZi\w 137,203 EXw 191
AcWn 182 Fn-Iyq-dv 207
Acn-tm-n 18 F{_lmw amtmhv 185
Acpa 149 H]vn- Cq-j 85
Ah- b hn 70 Hukvs]kvIn ]n.Un 161
AjvSm-h-{I-ap\n 146 I]-S-bXn 47
AkvXnX 193 I_o 142
Al-m-cw 113 Icp 15,20
Al 120 Iw 146
Alw-s]m-cp 41 Ie 133
Alw-t_m[w 41 Ieew 133
BImiw 140 Iey 133
Bm-\w 201 ItTm-]-\n-jv 174
B- { ]nbw 61 Im\Pew 175
B-t_m[w 74 Im v 153
B-cXn 159 Ima\ 45
B-km-m-Xvmcw 75 Imew 48
B-kz-cq]w 43 Ime-N{Iw 87
B-hn-tcm[n 69 Imivao ssihnkw 137
BZn-_oPw 124 Ipcn-ip-bpw 111
BZn-a-k 57 Iri-Ku-Xan 205
Bcy 155 Ir]-WX 64
B_v sFo 49,209 Ir]mep 64
Bh-cWw 36,52 sISp-aXn 128
Btm]tZiiXIw 221
Jeo Pn{_m 139 \mc-Z-a-ljn 159
KW\ 152 \nP-kz-cq]w 84
Kmcn kpJmhv 208 \nZn-[ym-k\w 40
KoXm-Im-c 183 \n{Zm 127
tKm]-\obw 165 \ncp-]m-[n-I-m\w 152
Nmhm-I 207 \oXn-tISv 206
Nn-hrn 53 s\K-ohv ssaUv 91
Nn-ip-o-I-cWw 163 ]X-RvPen 93
Nnpw PUhpw 167 ]Zmw 164,186
Nn{X-`mj 36 ]-`q-X- 22
ssNX\yw 79 ]-hn-j-b- 34
Omtm-tKym-]-\n-jv 179 ]WvUn-X 145
PK-nYy 194 ]c-a-tcWp 166
Pn 177 ]c-h-i-X 142
Pem-ep-o dqan 125 ]cn-Nn 143
PfX 141 ]qW-Pm-K-cnXw 127
Pm{K-Z-h 46 t]mkn-ohv ssaUv 91
Pohs amdme 172 {]m-]-cn-Wmaw 119
Poh-pn 131 {]Xn` 81
tPmk, tUm. 18 {]Xn-{]-khw 161
m\-N-pv 51 {]Whw 33
m\-imkv{Xw 13 {]]w 23
m\mn 183 {]amWw 207
mt\-{n-b- 22 {]tbm-P-\-aqeyw 59
tSmtmbv 171 {]mXn-`m-knIw 121
X\p 190 {]nbw 60
X\pX 115 ttm 18
X]v 37 {^mknkv t_ 137
Xncp-hn-f-bmw 87 {^ntPm^v Im{] 172,208
Xpcobw 74 _nen 18
{XnKp-Wm-nI 44 _Kvk 79,135
{Xn]pSn 26 _{Sm v d 148
Zi-\amem 55 _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-jv 205
Zrv 191 {_-hnZy 14
Zriyw 191 `P-tKm-hnw 47
[n 81 `n-Zi\w 125
[w 83 `K-h-ZvKoX 63
[z\n 123 `m\-hrn 99
\cIw 37 t`mKn 180
\mZw 50 t`mKy-hnizw 181
\mK-tk-\ 83 ù-Xn-I-hm-Zw 18
\m\mXzw 59 {àw 61
Btm]tZiiXIw 222
aXw 106 hntijw 96
aXn 215 hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n\n 93
aX-kw-Ljw 113 hnt-jWw 95
aX-hmZn 113 shfn-hpcp 35
a\\w 40 sshZn-I-Iw 163
a{-P]w 77 hyh-lmcw 121
akq--Alv 217 i-cm-Nm-cy 163
acWw 49 inh-kq{Xw 137
akv\mhn 125 {i 50
ambm-Ie 133 {ihWw 40
ambm-acw 121
{io_p- 184,204
ambm-h-\nX 127
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k 209
anfn--cm-Pmhv 83
k 193
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv 33,57
apl--Zp-\_n 216 km-imkv{Xw 13
aqey-imkv{Xw 13 kZvKXn 103
ssat{Xbn 205 ka 91,92
au\w 213 ka-Zin 144
bm-hIy 205 kam-\m-[n-I-cWw 97
bnbmMv 209 kh-\maw 100
tbip 202 kh\w 161
cXn 157 km[\ 77
cXn-cYw 157 km[yX 149
cY-N{Iw 87 kmn-ssN-X\yw 29
ca-W-a-ljn 39 kmam\yw 96
coXo-hn-[m\w 121,196 knmw 216
cqVyw 196 knm-cm-P-Ip-am-c 174
en_ntUm 31 kpjp]vXn 46
temPn-n t]mkn-o-hnkw 148 tkm{I-okv 139
euIn-I-Iw 163 tkm]m-[n-I-m\w 152
h]I 195 ssXnIw 85
hSnhv 83 kwL-Sn-X-aXw 111
hcw 43 kwt-jWw 95
hen-sbm-c-l 43 kz]v\w 46
hmk\ 53
kzm\p-`-h-KoXn 89
hnIev]w 31
kv]nt\mk 186
hnIrXn 105
qe-Zrv 200
hnt]w 36,52
hnZy 163 kvarXn 147
hnt\m-Z-hnZy 209 sltK 195
hnhw 25 tlmfn-nIv XnnMv 173
hniv 150 sds\ sUmv 167
Btm]tZiiXIw 223
Btm]tZiiXIw 224

Atmopadesa Satakam PDF

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Atmopadesa Satakam PDF

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Btm-]t- Zi-iX

Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032

Cover : One-World Graphics

1967 Xriq Pn-bnse Ip-en-bq-cn P\n-p. sNdp--nXs

G{]n, 2002 tUm. Sn. `mkvIc

Rm s\mcp IY hmbn-n-p-v. bph-Xz-n-tev Imeq-n-

I cp B-k - b- m-W.v B-k Fm \psS \nXy-

Ipw tIpw sXmpw \pWpw aWpw Nnnpw Adn-

Ic-Whpw - A-c- W - - fpw

B Imiw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYn-hn Fn-hb

Ipw ]ppw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-mw- \nn-

Adnhpw Adn-bpI F {]{In-bbpw

C {n-b- f- n-eqsS Ipw tIpw aWpw cpNnpw sXmpw

De-I km[m-cW P\-

km [m-cW a\p-jys XmXv]-cy- W-{]-`m-N--e-

DW-c-cpXv C\n hnj-b--fn-tev C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

A Sp hon Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ]e-lm-c - Nps-Sp-

Hfn apXemw Ins hnj-ba- mb cq]w XpS-nb

C sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh t`mKy-hn-izs A\p-`-hn-p-

C sXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). C-s\-bp-

B m-hns A\n-tj-[y-amb Dsb X-an-m coXn-

F m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch - sc kw_-n-p Imcy-

i co-cs apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-m-Wv s]mXn-n-cn-p-

{XnKp-W-abw kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

{] IrXn {XnKp-Wm-n-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISv Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

\ psS A\p-`-h-v aqv AXnn-I Iev]n-mw.

]c-bpsS ]mev ]c-am--m-\-n\npw

Im ew Ne-\a - m-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c - ntbpw

A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn

acp-`qan apgp-h \ndp]c-sm-gp-Ip Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-

Alw Ccp-f B-t_m[w Ccp-f-.

Hm tcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnp ]d-bp-tm Rm

ASn ASn-bn-ep--XmWv kXyw

Cu {]]w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp k-bpsS \m\m-

De-In\v \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]--n\v

F m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-I-ambn Nnn-p--h-c-.

{]nbw Hcp PmXn Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabpq.

{]n bw B\-a - m-Wv. B\-

{]nb-a-]-cs thsdm-cp-hs {]nbw GXmtWm

Po hn-X-n\v \smcp s]cp-am--n thWw. AXn-s-n

Ah Ch Fv Ah Fpw Ch Fpw \mw

tem I-n Htc-sbmcp B-k

Hcp-h\p \Xpw Hcmv \ hcp-p-Xpw

B m-hnemWv Fmw kzc-e-b-s-n-cn-p-Xv. kl-P-

B wKe-`m-j-bn Ah-b-h-n\v organ FmWv ]d-bp-

Ccp-fn-en-cpv Ccp Ah--bn Ccp-v

B m-hns\ ]q-ambpw \nh-Nn-m Ign-bn-. Fn-

ASn apSn Av ASn-sbtm apSn-sbtm D

B -t_m[w PmK-cn-X-ntem kz]v\-ntem kpjp-

a\-a-e sImbvXv a\-nse kev]-hn-Iev]--fm-

a \p-jy Fm-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-k

PUw Adn-hoe PU-n\v Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-.

\mw F-dn-bp-tmgpw Nnn-m-dp-v. Nnn-msX Hpw

A\p-`hw C{n-b-{]Xy-amb A-\p-`hw

A \p-`hw Fp \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-Xv Hcp hkvXp-

Adn-hXp \mw Adn-bp-Xp

[ -smw CSw sImSp-p [n ImWm-ad

Adnhv [n-bmb Adnhv

\mw Hmtcm-cp-cpw kXy-n m\-kz-cq-]-cm-Wv. \mw

Ac-s\mSn BZn ka-b-ns Ghpw sNdnb

tem Iw \-nt- ev IS-p-hc

Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw