Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Glucose
Enzyme
(sucrase)
OH
H2O
Fructose
HO
Polipptidos
Amino Carboxyl
group group
Nonpolar
Polar
Electrically
charged
Acidic Basic
(a)
Side chains
Peptide
bond
Backbone
pleated sheet
+H N
3
Amino end
Examples of
amino acid
subunits
helix
Primary Structure
1
+H 5
3N
Amino end
10
15 Amino acid
subunits
20
25
1
+H
5
3N
Amino end
10
15 Amino acid
subunits
20
25
75
80
85 90
95
105
100
110
115
120
125
Carboxyl end
Los enrollamientos y pliegues de la estructura
secundaria resultan de los puentes de
hidrgeno entre constituyentes repetitivos del
esqueleto polipeptdico
Una estructura secundaria tpica es la hlice
y la hoja o lmina
Secondary Structure
pleated sheet
Examples of
amino acid
subunits
helix
Las glndulas abdominales
de la araa secretan fibras de
seda, que contienen protenas
de lmina .
Los filamentos de seda
mantiene la forma de la
telaraa.
Polypeptide
backbone
Hydrogen
bond
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bond
Polypeptide Chains
chain
Iron
Heme
Chains
Hemoglobin
Collagen
La estructura cuaternaria resulta cuando dos
o ms cadenas polipeptdicas forman una
macromolcula
El colgeno es una protena fibrosa
constistente de tres polipptidos enrollados
como una soga
La hemoglobina es una protena consistente
de cuatro polipptidos: dos cadenas alfa y dos
cadenas beta
Anemia falciforme: un cambio en la estructura
primaria
Exposed
Secondary Secondary hydrophobic
and tertiary subunit and tertiary region subunit
structures structures
10 m 10 m
Secondary
and tertiary subunit
structures
Quaternary Normal
structure hemoglobin
(top view)
Function Molecules do
not associate
with one
another; each
carries oxygen.
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Primary Val His Leu Thr Pro Val Glu
structure
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Exposed
Secondary hydrophobic
and tertiary region subunit
structures
Quaternary Sickle-cell
structure hemoglobin
Function Molecules
interact with
one another and
crystallize into
a fiber; capacity
to carry oxygen
is greatly reduced.
10 m 10 m
Hollow
cylinder
Chaperonin Steps of Chaperonin 2 The cap attaches, causing the 3 The cap comes
(fully assembled) Action: cylinder to change shape in off, and the properly
1 An unfolded poly- such a way that it creates a folded protein is
peptide enters the hydrophilic environment for released.
cylinder from one end. the folding of the polypeptide.
Cap
Hollow
cylinder
Chaperonin
(fully assembled)
Correctly
folded
protein
Polypeptide
Steps of Chaperonin 2 The cap attaches, causing the 3 The cap comes
Action: cylinder to change shape in off, and the properly
1 An unfolded poly- such a way that it creates a folded protein is
peptide enters the hydrophilic environment for released.
cylinder from one end. the folding of the polypeptide.
Los cientficos utilizan la cristalografa de
rayos-X para determinar la estructura de
protenas
Otro mtodo es la espectroscopa de
resonancia magntica nuclear (NMR), la cual
no requiere la cristalizacin de protenas
Los bioinformaticos utilizan programas
computacionales para predecir la estructura a
partir de las secuencias de aminocidos