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Malayalam Language

ATMOPADESA SATAKAM
(A Hundred Verses of Advice for Self-Realization))
Contemplative Writing

SWAMI MUKTANANDA YATI

Published By
ONE-WORLD
School of Vedanta
Chethikode. P.O
Ernakulam- 682315.
Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032
email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com
web site : www.gurudhaamam.org
Cover : One-World Graphics
Type : Nitya Chetana
Proof : Sabari Chetana
Printed at : Don Bosco, Ernakulam
First Edition : 2002
Upto Fourth Edition : 2011, Copies - 5000
Fifth Edition : Sep - 2014, Copies : 2000
Rights Reserved

Rs. 160
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12

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- mbn A`n-ap-JoI-cn-tn hcpw.
1 Cu temIw Fhn-sS-\n-p-mbn?
2 Rm BcmWv?
3 Fn\p Pohn-Ww?
Cu aqp tNmZy-pw Dcw \Im ]cym-]vX-amIp-tmtg Hcp imkv{X-n\v ka-{KX Ah-Im-i-s-Sm Ignbp-I-bp-q. ChnsS Hmtcm tNmZy-n\pw ap tNmZy--fpsS
D-c-sf Is-m-\p D-c-hm-Zn--hpap-v. Hmtcm
tNmZyhpw imkv{Xo-b-amb hnNm-c-]--Xn-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-Xam-bn-p-v. Hmas tNmZy-n\v Dcw \evIp-Xv
km-im-kv{Xw (ontology). cmatXv m\-im-kv{Xw
(epistemology). aqma-tXv aqey-imkv{Xw (axiology). Cu
aqp imkv{X-f
- nepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{X-n\pw \nebp-d
- n-m Ign-bn-. Fm Kpcp-hm-Is, Cu aqp imkv{Xtbpw ""{_-hnZy'' (The Science of the Absolute) F
kq k
- a
- \
- z-bX
- {- ns ]cn-KW
- b
- n sImp-h
- nmWv kIe Zmi-\n-Ik
- a
- k
- y-It- fbpw ]cn-lc
- n-p-X
- v.
Bm-hns\ kw_-n-p Cu imkv{Xs imkvt{XmNnX-ambn ]d-p-X-cp imkv{X {io\mcm-b-WKpcphmWv. K
- pcp Bm-arXw \pI Ejn-hc
- y-\m-Wv. ]c-a]p-cp-jm-amb apnsb kqcy-Xpeyw B-[m-c-bmn
amnb alm-a\
- o-jn-bp-am-Wv. kzbw a
- p-\
- mb Kpcp am\p-jyIs apgp-h\pw apn-bn-tep \bn-m-\mWv Btm-]t- Zi-iX
- Iw cNn-X
- v. Atm apn-bmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]TnBtm]tZiiXIw

13

p--Xns {]tbm-P-\w. Fn \np apn-bmWv?

Am-\-n\n-p- apn. ]c- h - i - X - b n\n- p
apn. ti--fn\n-p apn. Am-\w-sIm-mWv
\apv Pohn-Xw _-\w-t]mse tXmp-Xpw ZpxJwsImv
Nv XIpt]m-Ip--Xpsa-mw. _\w A\p-`-hn-p-XpsIm-mWv Hcmv apn thW-sap tXmp--Xv.
apn-bvp-th-n-bmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw ]Tn-p-Xv.
AXp-sImv Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- Iw Hcp tam-im-kv{X-am-Wv.
_-\
- n\n-p tamamWXv. ZpxJ-n \np
tamamW-Xv. {]m]-n-IX
- b
- n\np tamamWXv.
\mw Cu temI-n Pohn-p-tmXs C{n-b--fneq-tSbpw a\-n-eq-tSbpw temIhnj-b-sf A\p-`-hn-p-sImn-cn-p-p-v. C{n-b
- smpw a\-p-sImpw _s-Sp hnj-b- \s _np-p. CjvS-cq-]-nepw
A\n-jvS-cq-]-nepw DZm-ko-\-cq-]-nepw \s kzm[o-\np-p. temI-n Pohn-p--tXm-sSmwXs \mw Cu
temI-ns `mKhpamWv. Fm \psS apn-ep \macq-]m--I-am-b temIs \mw Adn-bp-Xv \n\npw
A\y-am-b Hcp hkvXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Cu temIs
A\p-`-hn-p-Xv, mXm-hmbpw Im-hmbpw t`mmhmbpw hn`-Pn-Xambm-Wv. \n\n-pw A\y-am-b temIs
hopwhopw `pPn-p-hm hy{KXsp-sIm-n-cn-p
HmWv Poh. Poh Ftmgpw ]q-Xb
- vp-th-n-bmWv
{ian-pXv. Poh PK-n-s\-bmWv AXns XrjvWsb
HSp-p-hm-\mbn `pPn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. As\ Poh
PK-ns\ XrjvWm-\n-hr-n-mbn `pPnp-tm hopw
hopw _-\-n-tep t]mhp-p. Fm t`mK-Xr-jvWbpsS adp-]p-d-amb sshcmKyw hyn-bn P\n-p-tm
Cu PohXs PK-n\np apn B{K-ln-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Atm B apnv tlXp-hm-bn-mWv Cuizc hcp--Xv. Cuiz-c kh-X-{-kz-X-{-\m-Wv. m\kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. A\--\m-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw

14

Cuizc PK-nsbpw Poh-sbpw {kjvSm-hm-Wv.

kwlmhpw Cuiz- c Xs. krjv S n- I mhpw
kwlmhpamb Cuiz-c krjvSn-{]-{Inb F eoesb
(play) Poh\neqsS Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-X
- v. {]]w
F \ma-cq-]m--I-eoesb Poh F {]mXn-`m-kn-I-Xbn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--XmWv BsI PK-ns s]mXphm-b Bhn-jvIm-c-X-{w. ChnsS {]]--n\v BXy-n-Iamb \ne-\n-ev]n-. shfnw hcp-tm Ccpfv t]mIp--Xpt]mse {]]-hpw m\m-K-a-\-tmsS amp-t]m-Ipw.
A{]-Xy--am-Ipw.
Poh _-\--\mbn-cn-p-tm B Pohs\ apnbn-tev B\-bn-p Hcp {]Xn-]m-Z-\-X{-am-bn-cn-Ww
imkv{X-n Dm-bn-cn-t-Xv. imkv{X-n\v Ah-ew_n-m-hp coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) Pohs\ Btm-pJ-am-n-sb-Sp-pI am{X-am-Wv; As-n Cuiz-tcm-p-Jamnop-IbmWv. GsXm-cd
- n-hp-sIm-mtWm \apv Cu
PKv _\w F-Xp-t]mse tXmn-Xv B Adn-hmWv
hnth-I-_p-n. _-Im-c-W-amb PK-ns\ \ncm-I-cn-tXv Pohs tam-kn-nv Ah-iyw-th Hcp {]{In-bbm-Wv. AXn-\p-th hen-sbmcp Adn-hns\ Kpcp ]d-p-Xcn-IbmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n-eqsS sNp--Xv.
Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
-
- n Kpcp \S-n-bn-cn-p Nn-bmb
Ah-X-cWw A\ym-Zr-i-sat ]d-bm-s\m-p-I-bp-q. {]Xn]m-Z-\-nepw `mj-bpsS kqva-amb {]tbm-K-nepw Kpcp
Ah-ew-_n-n-p \njvj Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Is
temI-an-nIv kmln-Xn-bpsS A{Kn-a-m-\v {]Xn-jvTn-pp. Hm-aX
- mbn \mw At\z-jn-v Is-t Hcp D-bpv. AXns\ "Icp' FmWv hnfnp-X
- .v Icp {]]-ns
k
-
- b
- m-W.v Fp ]d-m, Cu {]]-
- n\v Imc-Wa
- m-bncn-p-X
- v Ftm AXmWv Icp. Icp {]]-Imc-Wa
- m-W.v ]caamb I
- m-cW
- w. ]c-aI
- m-cW
- a
- m-bn-cn-p-Xv k
-
- b
- m-W.v ]c-aI
- mc-Wa
- m-b k \n Is-p-tm AXns\ B-k
Btm]tZiiXIw

15

Fp ]d-bpw. ]c-aI
- m-cW
- a- m-b AXns\ {]m]-n-IX
- b
- psS ASnm-\a- m-bdn-bp-tm {_-k Fp ]d-bpw. Atm BZyta-Xs k-bm-b Hcp kXys FSpp-Im-Wn-p-p.
AXns\ Icp Fp hnfn-ncn-p-p. Icp Imcy-smw
ImcW-am-Wv. Imcy- \ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]-w-X-sbm-Wv.
Icp-hns kz`mhw Adn-hnepw Gdnb Xc-n-ep--XmWv. AXv AIpw ]pdpw Hcpt]mse km-k-am-\y-ambn
hn-p-p. AXv Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hm-Wv. sF{nb-{]m-[m-\y-ap km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw AXoX-am-b
Hcdn-hm-Wv. Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hmWv Icp-hns\ Adn-bptm \appm-Ip--Xv. At\z-j-W-n-eqsS hnI-kn-ns-Sp-t Hcp-Xcw Am-\-n-eq-sS-bmWv (intuition)
CXp km[n-Xa
- m-Ip-X
- .v Atm Icp C{n-bh
- n-jb
- a
-
- . C{nb-hn-jb
- a
- m-bn-cn-p-s
- Xms km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v
Ip-sIm-p Im-Wp Zrirw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv.
ImXpsImv tIp i_vZw km[m-cW Adn-hmWv. aqpsImv aW-p Kw km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v \mp-sImv
cpNn-p cpNn km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. Xzp-sImv kv]in-dn-bp kv]iw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. C\n Cu C{n-bm\p-`h
- -fpsS ASn-m-\
- n Nnn-d
- n-bp-Xpw km[m-cW
Adn-hp-Xs
- -bm-Wv. km[m-cW AdnhpIsms tZi-Ime-]c
- n-an-Xa
- m-b am\w Dm-bn-cnpw. GsXnepw Hcp tZip-h
- pam-{Xta C{n-b
- n\p Hc-dn-hns\ kzoI-cn-m Ignbp-I-bp-q. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn-s\mcp Ime-]-cn-n]vXnbpw Dm-bn-cn-W
- w. AXp-sImv C{n-b
- fneqsS Adnbp Adn-hp-Is
- fms ]cn-ta-b
- f
- mWv.
Icp-hm-Is A]-cn-ta-ba
- m-Wv. Af-m-\m-hm-X
- m-Wv. Afm-\m-hm-X
- p-sIm-pXs AXv C{n-bZ- zmcm Adn-bm-hp-Xp-a-. A]-cn-ta-b-amb Hns\ Nn-Ipw Dsmm-\m-hp-Ib
- n-. AXp-sImmWv AXns\ Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb
Btm]tZiiXIw

16

Adn-shp ]d-bp-Xv. Cu Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-b Icphns\ F-s\-bmWv \mw Adn-tb-X

- v? Htc- k-ab
- w-Xs
Cu Icp Adn-bp-h
- s AI-pw AtX-t]mseXs ]pdpamWv nXn-sNp--Xv. kqva-cq-]-n AI-pw
qe-cq-]
- n ]pd-pw nXn sNp-p. kqvac
- q-]
- n
{]hn-p-X
- mWv a\-v. qe-cq-]
- n {]hn-p-XmWv ]-`q-XmI-am-b Cu {]]w.
Atm Htc Icp-hn-\p-Xs cp Xc-n {]Xn-`mkn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. AXn-emWv Poh Fpw hymtamln-X\m-bn-o-cp--Xv. Hcp Icp qe-ambpw kqva-ambpw
Pohs\ hw Npn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. As\ hcp-tm
\-psS PohnXn\v sXpI ]m\n-S-h-cp-p. GI-amb
Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX, Icp-hns qe-kq-va--fmb ZznapJ--sf-bmWv \mw Adn-bp--Xv. Icp-hn kw`-hn-p-sImn-cn-p qehpw kqva-hp-am-b, AIhpw ]pd-hp-am-b
cp hi-sf am{X-amWv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h--fn\nv \apv
Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-p-q. AXp-sImv Icp-hns\ Adn-bWw Fv Kpcp Dd-np ]d-bp-p. Icp-hns\ Htc-k-a-bwXs AIpw ]pd-p-an-cn-p k-bm-bn--dn-b-Ww.
AXv Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-Wv. Icp Hcp hnj-b-a-. Icp
hnj-bm-Xo-X-t_m[am-Wv. CXmWv Btm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Ins {]ta-b-am-bn hcp--Xv. -km[m-cW Adn-hn\npw
AXo-X-am-b Hc-dn-hns\ a\p-jy At\z-jn-p-hm XpSp-tXmsS B hyn kXym-t\z-jn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. B
hyn BPnm-kp-hm-bn-o-cp-p.
A-s\-sbmcp kXym-t\zjn Ip-I Apw D-S
- n
imkv{Xw hfsc ka-{K-ambn hnNmcw sNbvXd
- n-tb-X
- p-v.
Ip-I Fp ]d-m- C{nb. Z- r-iy- am{Xw
ImWp In-s\-b ChnsS hnh-n-p-X
- v. An-{n-b-tfbpw IqSn-bmWv Ip-I Fv Kpcp \ma-Ic
- Ww sNbvXncn-p-Xv. D-S
- Wsap ]d-bp-hm ImcWw C{n-b-
Btm]tZiiXIw

17

Ftmgpw ]pdw-tem-I-mWv tap-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.

AXp-sImv ]pdw-tem-I-p\npw C{n-b-a-\-p-Isf DS--Ww. shdptX _ew {]tbm-Knv \nb{npI F-.
BZyw AXn-\p-th-nbmWv Icp-hns nXn-hn-ti-j-sp-dnv ]d-p-X--Xv. C{n-b--fn hym]-cn-p-sIm-n-cnp Pothms Icp-hn-tep Xncn--Ww. XmXv]-cysf apgp-h B-K-X-{]n-b-am--Ww.
]mm-Xy-X-z-Nn--bn ttmbpw Acn-tm-nepw
kam--c-ambn Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p cp \Zn-I-sf-tm-sebm-Wv. Ch Xnep _w Kpcp-hn-tXpw injy-t-Xpam-Wv. Fmepw Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ]nWw Chn-S-bnep-v. Ncn-{X-n-eqsS Ch Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn cp hmZ-sf
kp-jvS-am-n. ttm-bpsS Nn-I-fmWv Bi-b-hm-Z-ntev (idealism) hgn-am-dn-b-Xv. Acn-tm-n-ens Xz-Nn
`uXn-I-hm-Zs (materialism) Icp-n-Sn-n-p. Cu cp hmZfpw ]c-kv]cw kwL--\-nhsc Gs-n-p-v. Ctm
gpw Gs-Sp-p-v.
]mm-Xy-Nn-b
- nse AXn-Im-b
- m-scp hnti-jn-n-mhp tUm. tPmkWpw _njv s_nenbpw Hcn-
{]`m-Xk
- h
- m-cn-bn Ip-ap-n. s_nen-bm-Is ISp Bib-hm-Zn-bm-W.v temIw Hcp Bi-ba
- m-sW-mWv s_n-en-bpsS
hmZw. tUm. tPmk `uXn-Ih
- m-Zn-bpw. ImW-s-Sp temIn-\
- p-dv Hcp kXyhpw C F hmZ-amWv `uXn-Ih
- m-Zw.
Ah kwkm-cnp h-tm AsXmcp X-ambn ]cn-Wa
- np. Xw aq-tm tUm. tPmk hensbmcp IsSpv s_n-en-bpsS Imen t\mn Htcdp sImSp-p. Imep
NXv tNmc-sbm-en-m XpS-n. s_nen hmhnp \nehn-fn-p. Atmgpw tIm]w AS-msX tUm. tPmk
tNmZnp: Cu Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-ba
- mtWm? s_nen
Ic-p-sIm-p-Xs ]dp: Ipw tNmcbpw Bi-ba
- mWv. ]ns \n Fn-\mWv Ic-bp-Xv? tUm. tPm
k tNmZn-p. AXpw Bi-ba
- m-W.v s_nen ]d-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw

18

C-s\-bmWv idealism hpw materialismhpw Hcn-epw

tNcmsX iWvT-Iq-Sn-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. B[p-\n-I-imkv{X
amb physics `uXn-Ih
- m-Z
- ns k--Xn-bm-Wv. Fm CnhnsS Ip-h-cp metaphysics BIs Bi-b-hm-Z-n
\npw P\n--Xm-Wv. Chbvp cn\pw Hn-n-cn-m Ignbp HcnSw \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hmWv hfsc hy-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
imkvt{Xm-Nn-X-ambn ]d-p-X-n-p-f-f-Xv. AXn\p klm-bI-amb Zmi-\n-I-]n_ew {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns Btm]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n \npw Zi--\-am-e-bn\n-p-amWv \S-cmP-Kp-cp-hn\p Inn-bX
- v. Kpcp-tZ-hs Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
-
- n
Bib-hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw ]nW---fn-m Hcp `qanI-bn kwK-an-p-Xv Hmtcm tmI-n-eq-tSbpw IS-pt]m-Ip-tm \app ImWm-\m-Ipw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

19

1
Adn-hn-ep-ta-dn-b-dn-n-Sp--h X
pcp-hn-ep-samp ]pd-p-ap-z-enpw
Icp-hn\p Ip-I-f-p-ap--S-n
scp-sXsc hoWp-h-W-n-tbm-Xn-tS-Ww.

Adn-n-Sp-h
- X
Dcp-hnepw
Hp ]pdpw
Adn-hnepw Gdn

Dz-enpw Icp-hn\v

Ip-I Apw
D-Sn
sXcp-sXsc
hoWp-hW
- n
HmXn-tSWw

Adn-bp-h
- s
AIpw
Xp-eyambn ]pdpw
Ipw Nnnpw apw Adn-bm-hp
Adn-hp-I-Xo-Xa- mbn
{]Im-in-p B-k
- sb
Adn-bp-Xn\mbn
Ap mt\-{n-b
- t- fbpw
Bm-`n-ap-J-amn
[mc-ap-dn-bm coXn-bn
Kpcp-hn, Icp-hn kan-X\
- mbn
kzm[ymbw sN-Ww.

cp B-k
- b
- m-W.v B-k Fm \psS \nXyamb D Ft A-ap-q. B-k
- b
- mb Icp-hns\-bmWv Adn-tb-X
- .v Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX Cu temI-n
Ipw tIpw sXmpw \pWpw aWpw Nnnpw Adnbm-hp Fmw hy-sat ]d-bm-s\m-q. Fs-m
Icp-hmWv Fm Adn-hp-Ipw Imc-Wa
- m-bn-cn-p-X
- v, Fm
Adn-hp-Ipw {]Im-ia
- m-bn-cn-p-X
- v, Fm Adn-hp-Ipw
A-hp-am-bn-cn-p-X
- .v ImcWw GI-amWv. Imcy- At\I-am-Wv. GsXm-n\n-mtWm temIw PmX-am-bXv B
Hns\bmWv ImcWw F-Xp-sImv hnh-n-p--Xv.
khImc-Wa
- m-b Icp-hns\ Adn-m Fmw Adn A\p`-ha
- m-bn. AsXmcp ]qm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ima-\-I Hgn

Btm]tZiiXIw

20

]q-X. kzm-kwXr]vXn-bmWv ]qm-\p-`h

-
- ns sXfna. Icp Htckabw Adn-bp-h
- s AIpw ]pdpw nXnsN-p-p. AIv A-c
- W
- ambpw ]pdv F-a hkvXp-fmbpw {]Im-in-p-p. thsdm-c-n ]d-m
kqvaw AIpw qew ]qd-pw.
A-s\-bp Icp-hns\ B\p-`q-Xn-Ia- mbn A\p-`h
- n-d- n-bm
BZy-ambn C{n-b
- fnse A`n-c-a-\s Dh-en--Ww. A`nc-a-\s Icp-hns Zni-bn-tep Xncn-p-hn-SW
- w. hnj-bm-`n-apJambn {]hn-n-cp Adnhv Atm Bm-`n-ap-Jam-bno-cpw. CXmWv D-S
- pI F {]{In-b. CXv Hcp {]mhiyw
sNbvXm t]mcm. \nc-c
- a
- mbn sN-Ww. Kpcp-hmWv Adnhns \ntI-X\
- w. B-km-m-XI
v m-c
- n\mbn Kpcp-hn {ibp-d
- n Hcp a\v At\z-j-I-\n A\n-hm-cy-am-W.v Kpcp-hns
]mZm-n-I
- n hoWp-hW
- Wsan Al t]mI-Ww.
Ffn-a-bpsS hgw hc-Ww. B-km-bp-Py-n-\p A`n-emjhpw thWw.
a\p-jys Al-b
- mWv m\-n\p XS-w \np-Xv. AXp-sImv Ffna thWw. sXcp-sXsc hoWphW-Ww. sXcp-sXsc Fp hmv ss\-c-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn F
A-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. a\p-jy FhnsS-bmWv hotg-Xv? Adn-hns apn-em-Wv. ]c-aa
- mb Adnhns apn \a-kvIc
- n-W
- w. Adn-hns aq-cq-]-amWv
Kpcp. AXp-sImv Kpcp-hns\ hW-W
- w. hW-pI Fm
Al \nmn-Xa
- mb Ah-b
- n hn-pI. AXn\p-ti-jw-thWw Cu {Kw a\-\
- n\pw hnNm-c
- n\pambn
F-Sp-phm.

Btm]tZiiXIw

21

2
Ic-W-hp-an-{n-bhpw Itf-_cw sXm
dn-bp-a-t\-I-P-K-p-tamn-semw
]c-sh-fn-X-n-ep-b `m\p-am X
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWp Xnc-p -tX-dn-tS-Ww.
Ic-Whpw
C{n-bhpw
Itf-_cw
sXm-dnbpw
At\-I- P-Kpw
Hmn
Fmw
]c-sh-fn-X
- n Db

`m\p-amX
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWv
Xnc-p -tX-dn-tSWw

A-c- W
-
- fpw
C{n-b
- fpw
ico-chpw
C{n-b-p hnj-b-am-b
\nc-h-[n- \ma-cq-]-fpw
a\-\h
- n-t[-ba- m-p-Ib
- m-sW-n
Fmw
]c-aa- mb NnZmIm-i
- n
DZn-p-\np
B-kq-cys
ssNX-\y-cq-]a- mWv.
Cmcyw At\zjn-dn-bWw.

{]

]w ]-`q-Xm-I
- a
- m-Wv. `qan, shw, Xo, hmbp,
BImiw Fn-h-bmWv ]-`q-X-. {]]n\v
Ka-\-kz-`m-h-ap--Xp-sIm-mWv PK-s t]cp-h--Xv. {]]-am-Is
- , Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \ma-cq-]
- f
- m-Wv. \ma-cq-]sf mt\{n-b
- f
- n-eq-sS-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-X
- v. Iv,
aqv, \mv, Xzv, sNhn Fn-hb
- mWv mt\-{n-b
- .
Iv ImWp-p. In\v hnj-ba
- m-bn-cn-p-Xv cq]-am-Wv. cq]w
]-`q-X
- f
- n-sem-mb An-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. aqp-sImv
aW-p-p. aWw ]rYzn-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. \mhpsImv ckw
Adn-bp-p. ckw Pe-ns KpW-am-Wv. Xzv kv]i-t\-{nb-am-Wv. kv]iw hmbp-hns KpW-am-Wv. sNhn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv
tIp-X
- v. tIhn BIm-i
- ns KpW-am-Wv. ]-`q-XBtm]tZiiXIw

22

fpw Cn-b
- fpw Xn-ep Cu ]c-kv]c
- _
-
- Xbn\nmWv {]]m\p-`hw Bhn`-hn-p--Xv. {]ItjW
]o-Ir-X-am-bXv, IqSn-t-XmWv {]]-w. ]o-I-cWw
Fm Ap `qX-fpw tNtc--]Sn tNcp--Xm-Wv. C{nb-v X\nsb Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. A-c
- W
-
- fpsS klmbwIqSn Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\-v, Nnw, _pn, Almcw Fn-h-bm-Wv A--c-W-. a\-ns kz`mhw
kwibw D-bn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Fv? FhnsS? Ftm-? Bcv?
Fs\? Fn\v? Fo tNmZy-s
- fmw a\-ns krjvSnbm-Wv. tNmZy-ns Dcw ]qhm-\p-`h
-
- n\npw Is-Ww. ]qhm-\p-`h
-
- f
- psS tiJ-ca
- mWv Nnw. kvarXn-cq]-nepw hnkvarXncq]-n-ep-amWv Nnw {]hn-p-Xv. Nn-n sXfn kvarXn icntbm sXtm Fp
\n-bn-p-Xv _pn-bm-Wv. _pnsb AXp-sImv \nbm-nIm Fp hnfn-p-p. Al-mcw A`n-am-\n-bm-Wv.
_pn \n-bn Hns\ X\nbvp thWtam thtbm
F {]nbm-{]nbcq]-n-ep {]Xn-Ic
- W
- a
- mWv Al-m-c
- nt-Xv.
Cs\ Ic-tW-{n-bI
- t- f-_c
- m-Zn-If
- m \mw A\p-`h
- n-p-t]mcp Cu PK-ns clkyw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn ]pXn-sbmcp
hnNm-cc
- o-Xnsb Ah-ew-_n-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXv AapJ-amb a\-\a
- m-W.v a\\w sNp-tm kzcq]-amb B-kqcy Adn-hns AXn-hn-iZ- m-Im-i
- n DZn-p-bp-\np
A\p-`-h-km-mXvImcw kw`-hn-p-p. ChnsS ]c-shfn
kns\ Ipdn-p-Xpw `m\p-am Nnn-s\-p-dn-p--Xpamb {]Xo-I-i-_vZ--fm-Wv. B Htc-sbmcp B-kq-cys
_lp-hn-[a
- mb kv^pc-W-fmWv Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m \macq-]m-I
- a
- mb Cu {]]w. tXdpI Fm AXm-bn-ocpI Fm-Wv. B-k
- bpw Rm\pw At`-Za
- m-sW-d
- n-bp A\p-`h
- ]
- qn-a.

Btm]tZiiXIw

23

3
shfn-bn-en-cpp hnh-anp ImWpw
shfn-ap-Xe
- mb hn`q-Xn-b
- p-tamm
Pe-\n-[n-X
- n-ep-bnSpw Xcw-Km
hen-bX
- p-t]msebt`-Za- mbv htc-Ww.

shfn-bn-en-cpv
hnhw Cp ImWpw

shfn-ap-X-emb
hn`q-Xn-bpw
Hmm
Pe-\n-[n-X-n
Dbn-Spw
Xcw-Km-hen
AXp-t]mse
At`-Za- mbv htcWw

]pdncn-p-Xp-t]mse
hnh-cq-]-n
ChnsS ImWsSp
BImiw apXemb
Ap `qX-tfbpw
a\-\h
- n-t[-ba- m-n-bm
IS-en
Bhn`-hnp
Xnc-I-fpsS \nc
F-Xp-t]mse
At`-Z-ambn A\p`hamI-Ww.

Imiw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYn-hn Fn-hb

- mWv ]`q-X-. ]-`q-X-sIm-mWv {]]--n-se
Ipw ]ppw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-mw- \nnX-am-bn-p--Xv. Fp ]d-m, ChnsS hnti-jc
- q-]
- n
hn-p As-n hnhn-[c
- q-]
- n ImW-sSp Fmn\pw BZn-aa
- mb Hcp GI-kbpv; Hcp aqe-Im-cWapv.
{]Xy--n t\mp-tm Cu aqe-Im-cW
- s \app
ImWm Ign- b p- I - b n- . IS- e n Xnc- I apd- a p- d - b mbn
Dbsm-SppXv ImWp-tm IS-en\npw Xnc-I
thsd-bm-sW-p- {]Xo-Xn-bmWv \-fn Dfhm-Ip--Xv.
Fm Xnc-am-eI
- pw Imc-Wa
- m-bn-cn-p-Xv IS-em-Wv. ISen-s kbnemWv Xnc-am-eI
- f
- psS At`-ZX Adn-tb-X
- v.
Btm]tZiiXIw

24

AXp-t]mse shfn-bn-en-cn-p Fm hnj-b

- pw ImcW-am-bn-cn-p Hcp ]c-sh-fn-bp-v. B ]c-sh-fn-bn Asn NnZm-Im-i
- n Fm-n-t\bpw t`Z-a
- d
- n-bW
- w. As\
Adn-bp-tm m\w B\p-`q-Xn-Ia
- mbn amdpw.
hnhw F ]Zw kmt-Xn-ImnepXm-Wv.
Ib-dn ]mns tXm hnh-am-Wv. ChnsS ]mv
Hcp bmYmy-a-. {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wv. hnhw {]Xo-Xn-bm-bXp-sImv {]mXn-`m-kn-I-am-Wv. Kpcp-Xs ""cp-kz-cq-]-a-dnbm-Xn-cp-fm hnh-kw \n\-n-enXp cp-hn\n-pthtdm?'' Fp AssZz-XZo-]n-I-bn tNmZn-p-p-v. {]]m-\p-`hhpw hnh-cq-]a
- m-Wv. AXv Bm-hn\nv A\ya-. Bmhv kXyhpw {]]w {]Xo-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
Fm Kpcp ]d- b p D]- a - b psS ]m- - e - n
hnh-n\v hmK-sa-Sp-p--XmWv D-aw. hnhw
F hmns Aw hnti-tjW hn-bvp--Xv, \ne\n-evp--Xv Fm-Wv. Xnc-I IS-en\nv thsd-b-snepw \apv Xnc FXv hyXn-cn--amb Hcp hkvXp-hns
A\p-`h
- a
- mWv km-\n-p-X
- v. Xnc-bpsS kbpw IS-ens
kbpw Pe-am-Wv. Pe-ns hoWtIm-Wn-eqsS t\mptm ISepw Xncbpw c-. Fm IS Pe-ns
kmam-\y-k-bpw Xnc hntijk-bp-am-Wv. \nc-h[n
hnti-j- tNp-sIm-mWv temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-p-Xv. m\wsImp am{Xta \m\m-Xz-{`aw Df-hm-p hntij-sf \ncm-Ic
- n-m-\m-hq. {]]w Bm-hn\np A\ya-s--dn-b-Ww. AXmWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

25

4
Adn-hp-a-dn-n-Sp-ahpw ]pamX
dn-hp-sam-cm-Zn-a-l-p-am-{X-am-Ipw
hnc-f-X-hnp hnf-p-a--l-m
adn-hn-e-aXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww.

Adnhpw
Adn-nSpw Ahpw
]pamX Adnhpw
Hcp BZn-a-lv
am{X-amIpw
hnc-fX hnp
hnf-pw
A-lmw
Adn-hn Aav
AXp-am-{X-am-bn-tS-Ww

Adn-bpI F {]{In-bbpw
Adn-bsSp hnj-bhpw
Adn-bp--h F t_m-[hpw
Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-amb tPymXnv
am{X-am-Wv.
]cn-an-Xn-I-fn-msX
Pzen-p-\np
B al-mb
B-k--bn hne-bnv
AsXmp-am-{X-am-bn-o-cW
- w.

{n-b
- f
- n-eqsS Ipw tIpw aWpw cpNnpw sXmpw
Hs Adn-bmw. Ch {]Xy--m-\--fm-Wv. AtXt]mse A-cW
-
- n-eqsS Nnnpw A\p-am-\npw Adnbmw. Ah ]tcm--m-\--fm-Wv. {]Xy--]-tcm--m\--sfmw {]am-W--fm-Wv. Fm Adn-hnepw Adn-bm-\mbn
Hcp hnj-b-ap-v. hnj-b-s- {]tabw FmWv ]d-bp-I.
hnj-bsbm-Wv ChnsS Adn-n-Sp-aw Fp ]d-bp-Xv. ImWp-I, tIpI, Nnn-pI Fn-hs
- bmw Adn-sh
{]{In-bb
- psS hnhn-[fmb kwth-Z\-fm-Wv. GXp hnjbs Adn- b p- t mgpw Rm Adn- b p- - h F
mXrXzw \-n-sems ImWp-p-v. Cu mXrXzw
A`-hn-n-cn-p-Xv {]am-Xm-hn-em-Wv. Cs\, Adn-bp-hAdn-bAdn-b-s-Sp hnjbw Ch aqnt\bpw
tNmWv thZm-n-I {Xn]pSn Fp hnfnp-Xv. {]amBtm]tZiiXIw

26

Xm-hv, {]am-Ww, {]tabw Ch aqpw Hcp ]qhnse aqv CXfp-I t]mse-bm-Wv. aqn-X-fp-I Hcp ]qhn kaRvP-kambn hn\y-kn-n-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Hcp hnj-b-m\-n {]am-Xmhpw {]am-Whpw {]ta-bhpw Hn-n-cn-p-Xv. {]am-Xm-hn\v {]ta-b-an-msX Adn-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-. {]tabs Adn-b-W-sa-n GsX-nepw Hcp {]am-Ws B{ibnt ]q. ChnsS {]am-Xmhv hyn-K-X-amb Al-m-c-amWv. {]tabw ]-`q-Xm--I-amb {]XytemIhpw A-Ic-W-hr-n-I-fn-en-cn-p ]tcm--tem-I-hp-am-Wv. Am\nbmb Poh\v ico-cX
- m-Zmyw Dm-Ip-tmgmWv C-s\{Xn]p-So-t`-Zt- m-sS-bp- Adn-hp-m-Ip-X
- v.
Fm mt\mZ-bn Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-m-\ns aqp ]ncn-hp-I am{X-amWv {Xn]p-So-t`-Z--sfv
\app t_m[y-am-Ipw. t_m[n-hr-
- p-h- nhv {io_p-s
AIta hnf-n-bXv Cu t_m[y-am-Wv. acp-Xzm-a-e-bn ]nSw Kpl-bnhv {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns AI-a-e-cnepw
Cu t_mt[m-Zb
- a
- mWv kw`-hn-X
- v. BZn-at- PymXn-ns AXncp-If
- n-m \nd-p-Ih
- n-b. Cu BZn-al
-
- m-Is kh{X
\nd-p-hn-e-kp B-k Xs-bm-Wv. khhym-]-IXbmWv B-k
- b
- psS kz`m-hw. AsX-tmgpw {]Im-inpsIm-n-cn-pw. al-m-b Cu BZn-a
m-\
- n Aenv,
AXp-am-{X-ambnocp-X
- mWv ]c-aa
- mb B\-w.

Btm]tZiiXIw

27

5
De-I-cp-d-n-bp-Wp Nn sNpw
]e-Xp-an-sXm-s-bp-ap-p- ]mp\npw
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf-p-Zn-bpw ]n
s]men-I-bp-an-nXp Ip t]mbn-tS-Ww.
De-I
Dd-nDWv
Nn-sNpw ]eXpw
CsXm-sbpw
Dp-]mp-\npw
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnfv
DZn-bpw
]ns]m-en-Ibpw C
CXpIp t]mbn-tSWw

km[m-cW P\-
DdpIbpw
DW-cp-Ibpw
]e-]e Nn-I-fpw sNpp.
Cu at\m-hym-]mc-sf
Dp-t\m-n-sm-n-cn-p
Aaq-ey-amb B-Zo-]am-Is
DZn-p-Ibpw
]ns AWbp-Ibpw sNp-n-.
Cu B-Zo-]w IpPohnWw.

km

[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw t\mq. Ddw, DWhv

Fo cp {[ph-n-Sb
- nemWv AhcpsS PohnXw
]e-]e
- - hym-]m-c
- f
- n-eqsS Dub-emSn Ifn-p-Xv. F{X-sb{X
Nn-I-fmWv Ah-pf-f-Xv? F{X-sb{X kz]v\-fmWv
Ahp-Xv? cmhnse Ip Xpd-m hnNm-c--fpsS
then-tbw Ah-cpsS a\-n-tev IS-p-h-cpw. IpSpw-_-{]iv\-fpw sXmgncw-Ks {]iv\-fpw Ipn-I-fpsS hnZym`ym-k-{]-iv\-fpw hr-cmb A-\--am-sc-p-dn-p BIpe-X-Ifpw IS-_m-[y-X-Isf Hmp D-WvT-Ifpw Chbn\n-smw Hcn- tamN-\-ap-m-Ipsa {]Xym-ibpw
Fmw Hcp hyn-bpsS a\-n-eqsS amdn-amdn IS-p-s]mbvsIm-n-cn-p-p-v. a\v A-s\-bm-Wv. AXn\p shdpsX-bn-cn-m Adn-p-Iq-Sm. Nn-It- fmSv XmZm-y-s-Sp-Xv
Btm]tZiiXIw

28

Pohs Hcp {]am-Z-am-Wv. B {]am-Zs Xncp-p-hm\mWv

Kpcp D]-tZ-i-cq-]-n ChnsS samgn-bp--Xv. \o Nntbm
at\m-hym-]m-c-tfm Hp-a-. \o tIhew kmn-ssN-X\y-am-Wv. kmn-ssN-X\yw Hcp hnf-p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. B
hnf-n-s\mcp Ip-v. AXp shdptX ImWp-Itbbpq.
Nn-I-fp-ambn XmZm-y-sp hne-]n-p-I-bn-. Bm-Z
- neq-tSbpw bmX-\-bn-eq-tSbpw ISpt]mIp- Poh\v Znimt_m[w Dm-n-sm-Sp-p hen-sbm-cd
- n-hmWv Kpcp \apv
Xcp--Xv. DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-n-msX {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p
Hcp Iv Fm-hc
- p-sSbpw Dns Dn-ep-v. \S-cm-PK
- p-cphn\v Cu Iv dialectical eye Bbn-cp-p. inh-`
-
- mv
CXv inhs aqmw-I
- m-Wv. Zmi-\n-I
- mv CXv Dm-W.v ]t, A-s\-sbmcp Iv Fm-n-t\bpw Ip-sImn-cn-p-X
- mbn Bcpw Adn-bm-dn-. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp
CXp-I-p-t]m-bn-tSWw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
Aaq-ey-amb Hcp hnf-n-t\m-SmWv Cu Ins\ Kpcp D]an-n-cn-p-X
- v. B hnfv A\m-Zn-bmb Zo]-am-Wv. A\-ambn In-sm-n-cn-p-XmWv. GsX-nepw Hcp Imev
Hcm In-p-h
- - hnf--n-Xv. In-X
- m-sW-n C\w
Xom AXp sIp-t]m-Ip-sa-p-d
- m-W.v Fm AXv sIpt]m-hp-Ib
- n-. sISm-hn-f-m-Wn-Xv. a\p-jys \nc-Ia
- mb
Pohn-Xs km-Ia
- mn Xom\mWv Kpcp Cu D]-tZiw
Acp-fp--Xv. FmWv Pohn-X-ns Aw F tNmZyw
\n-fn C\n DW-cp-tm B tNmZy-ns Dcw CXmWv: Cu hne-a-XnbmX hnf-ns\ Ip-t]m-bn-tS-Ww. shdpsX-bv ImWm-s\m-p-I-bn-. AXp-sImv AXn-tev
{inp t\mp-I-Xs thWw. t\m-W-sa-n t_m[]qh-amb {iaw At\z-j-Is `mK-p-\npw Dm-I-Ww.
CXn-s- Aw \o \ns-s Adnv Pohn-Ww
Fm-Wv. \o Xs-bmWv Cu temI-n-s hnf-m-bn-cnp-X
- v F-dn-bW
- w. Cu Adnhv m\m-ar-Xa
- m-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

29

6
DW-c-W-an-n-bp-d-Ww `pPn-o
SW-a-i\w ]pW-tc-W-sa-n-h-w
AW-bp-a-t\-I-hn-Iev]-am-I-bmem
cpW-cp-h-Xp-smcp \nhn-Im-c-cq-]w?

DW-cWw
C\n Dd-Ww
`pPn-o-S-Ww A-i\w
]pW-tcWw
Fn-hw
At\Ihn-Iev]w

AWbpw
BI-bm
Hcp \nhn-Im-c-cq]w
Bcv DW-cp-h-Xp-Xv?

DW-cWw
]ns Dd--Ww
`Ww Ign--Ww
C-Wt- N-cWw
C-c-n-ep-
]e-X-c-n a\-ns\ N-en-np-sIm-n-cn-p XmXv]-cy-
\s hen-n-gbvpw.
Cm-cW
-
- m
am-an-m Bk-Xys
Bcpw ]q-ambn DW-dn-bpn--tm?

km

[m-cW a\p-jys XmXv]-cy- W-{]-`m-N--e-fm-Wv. Aev]-t\cw am{Xw \ne-\nv sIp-t]m-Ip-h-bm-Wv. Dd--n\npw DWsWo-p Ah
CjvS-ap- t`mPy- Isn hmcnhenp Xnp-p.
A\--amb t`mPy--fp Hcp Xota-i-bpsS apn-emWv
\ Ccn-p--Xv. {]]w Hcp Xotai-bm-Wv. Xo\nepw
IpSn-bn-ep-ap Aan-Xt- `m-K{- ]n-bX
- s
- Imv Pohn-X
- ns Dtiy-e-y- \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \mhns cpNn am{X-a
\apv Bk-nsb P\n-n-p--Xv. kh C{n-b-pw
AX-Xns hnj-b-sf `pPn-m\p sImXn-bp-v. Aw
Ignv hbdp \nd-bp-tm Ah\v CWsb hmcn-p-W-cWsap tXmpw. Aw Aan-X-ambn Ign-p-tm AXv cPBtm]tZiiXIw

30

ns\ Dev]m-Zn-n-p-p. ctPm-KpWw en_n-tUm-bm-Wv,

ctXym-am-Wv. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw hn- kmaq-ln-IX-bn _em-w-Khpw kzhK-c-Xnbpw cXn-ssh-Ir-X-fpw
s]cp-Ip-Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. cXn Du--bs hcpp--Xm-Wv. cXn-{Io-U-I Ign-bp-tm a\p-jy oWnp-p. oWn-X-\mb a\pjy Dd-s Ah-ew-_n-pp. DWhv, Aw, cXn, Ddw Cs\ amdnamdnhcp
XmXv]-cy--sf-bmWv hnIev] Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Hcp
Znh-k-s Pohn-X-nXs \psS a\v Htsd {`mamb B{Klp ]nmse ]mp-t]m-Ip-Xp ImWmdp-v. Fn-\m-Wv a\v hnhn[ hnj-b--fn-tev ]mpsIm-n-cnp-Xv?
Bcpw AXn-s\-p-dnv Nnn-m-dn-. Cu Xnc-n-\n-Sb
- n
Pohn-X
- ns bYm eyw \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. \nhnIm-ca
- mb kzm-k
- sb \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. temI-hn-jb--fn-tev DWn-cn-p--Xp-sImv B-kz-cq-]-ntev DW-cp-hm Ign-bp-n-. temI-hn-jb
-
- f
- n- Dd-pIbpw B-k
- b
- n DW-cp-Ibpw thWw. Kpcp-hns Cu
D]-tZiw tIp-tm-sg-nepw \psS Dn B DWhv
Dm-IW
- w. BcpwXs Fp-sIm-mWv Cu B-k
- sb
Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xv F Hcp- ]-cn-tZ-h\
- k
- zcw Cu tmIn [z\n-p-p-v. AXp-sImv Bm-hns\ Adn-bphmthn Pohn-Xs \mw hn\n-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXmWv
Kpcp \app Xcp D]-tZ-iw...-..B-tm-]t- Z-iw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

31

7
DW-cc- p-Xnnbpd-n-Sm-Xn-cp-o
SW-ad- n-hm-bn-Xn-\n-t- bm-Ky-s\-m
{]W-ha- p-Wp ]nd-sm-gnp hmgpw
ap\n-P\
- t- k-hb
- n aqn \nn-tS-Ww.

DW-c-cpXv C\n

Dd-n-SmsX Ccp-o-SWw
Adn-hmbv
CXn\v Cv
Atbm-Ky Fm
{]Whw DWv
]nd-sm-gnv hmgpw

ap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn

aqn \nn-tSWw

hnj-b--fn-tev C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

B-t_m-[-n\npw hyXn-Nen-p-t]m-ImsX Ccn--Ww.
Rm Adn-hm-sWv Adn-b-Ww.
B-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-p--Xn\v
tbmKy\sp hcn-I-bmsWn
B-t_m[w Dn-ep-Wv
P\-\-a-c-W--fpsS Nm{In-I-X
bn\npw ap-\mbncn-p
Hcp Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-p--Xnepw
{]km-Zn-n-p--Xnepw
apgp-h {i-tbbpw GtIm-]nnp \ndp-Ww.

Sp hon Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ]e-lm-c

- Nps-Spp aWw aq-n-eS- n-m Adn-bmsX a\p ]dbpw:
Fhn-sS-\n-mWv tZmi-bpsS aWw hcp-Xv? Hcp tZmi
F\npw Inn-bn-cp-s-n \ kzmtZmsS Ign-m-am-bn-cpp. Atm hmbn Dan-\o Dudn-qSpw. tZmi-hn-Nmcw
\psS a\-ns kz-K-Xnbvv hnLv\w hcp-n. F{X
s]s-mWv \ {]tem-`\
-
- v hiw-hZ- c
- m-Ip-Xv. Nqens sImfp-n an-csb sImcp-nv ao]n-Sn-mc ays {]tem-`n-n-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv {]IrXn
\psS apn-tev hnj-b
- sf Fdn-np Xcp-Xv. hnjb-s
- f-b \mw BXy-n-Ia
- mbn Adn-tb-Xv; \ssBtm]tZiiXIw

32

bm-Wv. AXn-\mWv Kpcp Dun-d

- b
- p-X
- v: DW-cc
- p-Xn-\n Fv.
CXn-\w Gsd-t\cw InS-p-d
- Ww F-. temI-hn-jb--fn-tev a\v Bk--am-I-cp-sX-m-Wv. AtX-t]m-seXs thsdmcp sXv kw`-hn-p-Xv, B-n-X\
- mb \mw
Bm- h nemWv Xs nXn F Imcyw ad- p- t ]mIpXmWv. Xm Bm-hm-sW Imcyw ad-m AsXmcp
Dd-a
- m-Wv. AXp-sImv Dd-msX Adn-hmbn, Bm-hmbn
Ccn--Ww. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw
Adnhpw Bmhpw Hp-Xs
- -bm-Wv. Fm-hpw Cs\
B-\njvT Inn-sbp hcn-. hopw hopw Hmtcmtcm
temI-Im-cy-n-tev a\p hgp-Xn-tm-Ipw.
CXv hyn-K-X-amb Hcp Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv. Cu AtbmKy-Xsb Xncn--dn-b-Ww. Fmte t]mwh-gn-bp-q. kzbta
kz-\m-Im ]p-n-s-n Hcp Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n--Ww.
B Kpcp-hm-Is A-cm-m-hn \mZm-\p-`qXn DpsImncnp-- alm-mhm-Wv. Kpcp-hns cp eW- ChnsS
FSpp ]d-bp-p-v. {]W-h-ap-W-h Fpw ]nd-smgn--h Fpw. ]nd-sm-gn-bp-Xv m\w-sImv P\narXn-bm-Ip kwkm-c-N-{I-n\nv ]pdp IS-p-tmgm-Wv. {]Whw Pohn-Xs A\--ambn \ho-I-cn-p
Xz-am-Wv. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv ]d-bp-Xv ""XXv hnm\mw k Kpcp-tah A`n-K-tXv t{im{Xnbw {_-\njvTw.''
t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT-\p-amb Hcp Kpcp-hn-s\-Xs kao]n--Ww. t{im{Xn-b\pw {_-\n-jvT\pw HcmX-s. {ipXn
{]W-h-am-Wv. {]W-h-ap-W Kpcp-hn-s\--s Is-Ww. B Kpcp-hns\ tkhnv apgp-h {ibpw hnizm-khpw
Kpcp-hn Anv Pohn--Ww. Iptd-\m Ign-bp-tm
hyn-bnse Zphm-k-\-I-sfmw bn-pw. kZv-hmk-\-I
]pjvSn{]m]n-pw. shfn--ns kmn-y-n Ccp-n\v
m\-an-tm. Atm B-m-\-n-\p AlX
ssIh-cpw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

33

8
Hfn- ap-Xemw ]g-a-p-app \mdpw
\fn-I-bn-tedn \tb\ amdn-bmSpw
Infn-I-sf-b-p-a-cnp Iogva-dnpw
shfn-hp-cp-th-n-bIw hnf-n-tS-Ww.

Hfn apXemw
]gw Apw
Dv
\mdpw \fn-I-bn Gdn
\tb\ amdn-bmSpw

Infn-Isf Apw

Acnp Iogva-dnpw
shfn-hpcp Gn
AIw
hnf-n-tSWw

Ins hnj-ba- mb cq]w XpS-nb

hnj-b--fm-Ip Ap ]g-fpw
`pPnv As-n A\p-`-hnv
\mdp ico-c-n hknv
CjvSm-\p-kmcw hnj-bfn
amdnamdn can-p
mt\{n-b--fmIp Ap
Infn-It- fbpw
AmsS hcp-Xn-bn hcp-p
hnthIkz-cq]s {]m]nv
A-cm-mhn
DWp hn--Ww.

sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh t`mKy-hn-izs A\p-`-hn-psIm-n-cn-p-Xv Av C-{n-b--fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hfn

Fm shfn-a
- m-Wv. shfn-a
- p-X
- p-sIm-mWv \mw cq]hpw
\ndhpw ImWp--Xv. cq]w ]-hn-j-b--fn BZy-t-XmWv. i_vZw- , kv]iw, c
- q-]w, c
- k
- w, K
-
- w Fn-hb
- mWv ]hn-j-b-. Ch Fm-n-t\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p {]tbmK-amWv Hfn apX-emw ]gw. Av C{n-b--sf-bmWv Ap
Infn-If
- mbn D]-an-n-cn-p-X
- v. Infn-I t`mK-{]n-bc
- m-Wv. ]gw
Bkzm-Zy-a-[p-cn-asb [z\n-n-p-p. hr-ns Nn-Ifn\npw Nn-I-fn-tev NmmSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g-w sImnt\mn cknp Infn-I-sf-tm-se-bmWv \psS C{n-b {]hn-p--Xv. ico-cs Hcp \mdp \fn-I-tbmBtm]tZiiXIw

34

SmWv D]-an-n-cn-p-X
- v. \fn-Ib
- psS Aw Dp s]mbmb Ipg Fm-Wv. \psS icochpw Dp-s]m-b
- mb
Hcp Ipg t]mse-bmWv. B ico-c
- n-em-Is ZpKw hanp hkvXp- Ipan-p IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. ico-c-nep
Xp-t]m-se-Xs a\pw Hcp amen-\y-q-m-ca
- m-Wv. AXv
t`mK-em-ek
- t-- bmsS temIs `pPn-X
- ns ^e-am-bn-m-Wv.
\psS icocw D]t`mKm-\
- cw hcp aen-\y-sf Iqn-bnSp Xmhf-am-Im ]mSn-. amen-\y-- Atm \ow
sN-Ww. ico-c-nse amen-\y- \ow sNm \mw
{ian-p-X
- p-t]mse {]m[m-\y-ap-X
- mWv at\m-am-en-\y-f
- psS
\nm-\h
- pw. am\-k{- ]-m-f\
-
- n\v Ghpw AXym-hiy-amb HmWv hnth-Iw.
shfn-hpcp GpI FXv hnth-Is kamn-pI
F A-n-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv. amen-\y-fmWv \fn-Isb \m-ap--Xm-p--Xv. Imahpw t{Im[hpw
Akq-bbpw Al-m-chpw [mjvSyhpw Fmw amen-\y-fm-Wv. Rm ico-c-am-sW-p-ff sXp[mc-W-bn\nmWv,
C{n-b
- fm-Ip Infn-I t`mKy-hn-iz-n\p ]nmse ]mdn]-d-p--Xv. Hcp th-m-c H shSnbvv Infn-Isf Xmsghogvp-Xp-t]mse, \fpw hnth-I-am-Ip kzcq-]-tan
C{n- b - fpsS Bnsb Acnp Iogv a - d n- - W w.
Acnp Iogva-dn-pI F ]Z-{]-tbm-K-n I-iamb
Dd Xocp-am-\-ap-m-I-W-sa-mWv Kpcp \njvjn-p-Xv. km[-Is Ag-Ip-g- kao-]\w kao-No-\-a. Fm
te ]q-amb B-km-m-XvImcw km[n-p-I-bp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

35

9
Ccp-]p-dhpw hcp-am-dh
-
- s- b-q
smcp sImSnhp ]Sp-bptahpw
Xcp-hn-\S- np X]psNbvXp hmgpw
\c\p hcm \cIw \n\-n-tS-Ww.
Ccp-]p-dhpw
hcp-amdv Ahsb
]q Hcp sImSn

hp ]Sv Dbv
tahpw
Xcp-hn-\-Snv
X]p sNbvXp hmgpw
\c\v
hcm \cIw
\n\-n-tSWw

cp ]pdhpw
s]mXnp\np hn[n
]pjv]np \np Hcp
Imp-hn IWs
hfv tatev ]-env
nXn sNp
ac-ns Nph-n
X]v A\p-jvTnp Ign-bp
a\p-jy\v
\cIw Dm-hp-I-bn- Fp
t_m[y-spsIm-Ww.

sXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). C-s\-bp-

tmI-v Hcp _mlymhpw thsdmcp Acmhpw ImWpw.- H t\m-n Hcp ac-n Nph-n
X]p sNp Hcp kym-kn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv \psS
at\m-ap-Ip-c-n Apcn-p-I. X]p sNbvXp hmgpw \c
F {]tbmKw Aap-Ja
- mbn Bm-hn-ea
- c
- p Hcp tbmKnbpsS \ne-sb-bmWv Hmn-n-p--Xv. cp hn-I hv
acs s]mXn-n-cn-p-p. hn-I ac-n\npw A\ya-. ac-nsXs `mK-am-Wv. Cu acw km[m-cW ac-a-.
CXp ambm-a-c-am-Wv. amb-bpsS cp in-I-fmWv Bh-cWhpw hnt-]-hpw. B cp in-I, cp hn-I-sftmse Bm-hns kzcq-]s ad-p-I-f-bpw. Bh-cWw
hyn-bnse kpjp-]vXy-h-bpw hnt]w Pm{K-Z-h-Btm]tZiiXIw

36

bp-am-Wv. Dd--n\pw DWhn\pw CS-bn Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h ]Sp ]-en-p-tm ambm-eX

- - Xop hn{`m-aI-amb {]]w \psS apn A\m-cWw sN-s-Sp-p.
Fm [ym\-ns Dsh-fn-hn ambm-h-n-Ip
]nnse B-kz-cq-]s AII-p-sImp ImWp Xm]kt{i-jvT\v PohnXw Hcn-epw ZpxJ-`q-bn-jvT-am-bn-cn-p-Ibn-. AXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv, [ym\-\n-c-X-\mb
\c\v Hcn-epw \cIw hcn-I-bn-s-v. \cIw Fm ZpxJns Xo{hX Ft A-ap-p. \cIXp-ey-amb PohnX-n\nv Ic-I-b-dpXn\v X]v AXy-m-t]-n-X-amWv. X]v F hmn\v C{n-b-a-t\m-kw-b-a\w F
Aw FSp-m aXn. Pohn-X-n\v Ah-t_m-[-X-e-nep Hcp ISn-m- Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ima-ns Iq-cmb a\-ns\ Ib-dqcn hnSp Pohn-X-n-t\m-SmWv km[mc-W-m-c\v {]nbw. Fm Hcp kZv-Kp-cp-hns kao-]-ncpv tam-im-kv{Xw tIm-\nShcp-tm Nn-ipn
hcn-Ibpw X]v Hcp-hs PohnXs Xmt\ Bt-jn-pIbpw sNpp. \nb-{-W- ASn-t-ev]n-t--h-b-.
kzta-[bm hcn-t--Xm-Wv. Xm]- X]-n A`n-c-anp- - h - \ m- W v . tin- p- - h - \ - . kz- - W n- m- c
kzs NqSmn AXn\npw amen-\y-sf thsSp-p-X
- p-t]mse Xs-bmWv Xm]- at\m-am-en-\y-sf
B-Xm]wsImv Dcp-n-b-I-p--Xv. ChnsS X]v Hcp
cmk-Xz-c-I-amWv. B-m-\-n-tev hynsb AXnthKw ASp-n-p cmk-Xz-c-Iw. CXneqsS m\m-\p-km-\-th-f-bn X]-ns A\n-hm-cy-Xsb Kpcp Dun--dbp-bmWv sNp--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

37

10
""Ccp-fn-en-cn--h-\mcv? sNmI \o''sb
smcp-h\
- p-c
- X
- p-tIp Xm\p-tahw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-b-h-t\mSp \obp-am-sc
cp-fp-an-Xn {]Xn-hm-Iy-ta-I-am-Ipw.

Ccp-fn
Ccn--h Bcv?
sNmI \o
Fv Hcp-h
Dc-Xv tIv
Xm\pw Ghw
Adn-h-Xn-\mbn
Ah-t\mSv
\obpw Bcv
Fv Acpfpw
CXn {]Xn-hmIyw

GI-amIpw

Ccp-n
Ccn-p \o BcmWv?
\o shfn-s-Spq
Fv Hcp-h
tNmZn-p-Xv tInv
A{]Imcw Ccp-fnen-cn-p--h\pw
BcmWv F--dn-bm-\mbn
tNmZyw tNmZn--h-t\mSv
\obpw BcmWv?
Fv Xncnpw tNmZn-pw.
Ch-cpsS cp-t]-cp-tSbpw
tNmZy-p- Dcw
HpX-s-bm-bn-cnpw.

m-hns A\n-tj-[y-amb Dsb X-an-m coXnbn Ah-Xc

- n-n-p Hcp ]co-W
- a- mWv {io\mcm-bWKpcp \app ImWn-p-Xc
- p-X
- .v \ Ccp-p- apdn-bn-tev Hcm
ISp hcp-p. B apdn-bn Hcm Ccn-p-p-.v IS-p-hc
- p
Bv apdn-bn Btcm Ds tXm Df-hm-bt- m tNmZnp-Ib
- m-W:v ""BcmWv Ccp-v Ccn-p-Xv?'' Atm Ccp-v
Ccn-p B D-cw ]dbpp: ""Rm.'' Ccp-
- n-cn-p
B IS-p-hc
- p Bfn-t\mSp Hcp adp-tNmZyw tNmZn-p: ""\o
BcmWv?'' Atm Abm ]d-p: "- "Rm.'' cp-t]-cp-tSbpw
Dcw "- "Rm'' FpXs. Cu cp hyn-If
- nepw Ccn-p
"- "Rm'' F kv hyXym-ka
- ptm? Ah-[m-\]
- qhw
Btm]tZiiXIw

38

Xncp a\-n-em-p-Ib
- m-sW-n Htc-sbmcp kXs-bmWv
F-m-hc
- nepw "- "Rm'' F t_m[s Df-hm-p--sXv
ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.
ca-Wa
- l
- jn-tbmSv Hcm tNmZn-p: Rm Bcm? aljn
]dp: ""qe-i-co-c-a Rm, ]-hn-j-b--f Rm.
]mt\n-b--f Rm. ]-It-{n-b--f
Rm. ]-{]m-W--f Rm, a\pw Rm\-. Am\hpw Rm\-.''
""Ch-sbmpw Rm As-n ]ns Rm Bcm?''
''HSp-hn Xp-hm Xc-an-msX X\nsb tijn-p
"Adnhv' BIpp Rm.''
hfsc \mS-Io-ba
- mbmWv Kpcphpw Cu kw`m-jW
- i
- I
- ew
Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccpfnen-cn-p hynbpw ISp
hcp hynbpw ]c-kv]cw ImWp-n-. Ccp-ns ]m-es Kpcp ChnsS sImp-h
- Xv Ip-sIm-p Adnhns\ \ntj-[n-m-\m-Wv. Fm cp-t]cpw Ah-c-h-scp-dnv shfn-s-Sp-p Adnhv kzw t]tcm ap A\p-_-amb hnh-c
- tfm A. ""Rm'' F i_vZa
- m-W.v BcmWv
Cu Rm? \apv qem-\p-`h
-
- f
- psS klm-ba
- n-m-sX-Xs
t_m[y-ap Imcy-amWv ""Rm'' Ds hkvXp-X. cp
hyn-I \S-p Cu tNmtZym-c
-
- f
- n\nv A]cnNnX-a
- m kml-Nc
- yn-emWv Cu kw`m-jWw \S-p-Xv
Fv sXfn-bp-p. Ah-cpsS Dcw ""Rm'' F H-hm-ntev Npcp-n-bXv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. ico-c
- n-tbpw a\-ntbpw D]m-[n-k--n\npw hyXn-cn--amb Cu
""Rm'' Ghpw kzbta Adn-bm-hp k-bm-Wv. AXv
A\p-`h
-
- n BZy-t-Xm-Wv. Rm Dv F A\p-`h
- n\p tij-amWv \apv ap _mlyhpw A`y--c-hp-amb
A\p-`h- Dm-hp-Xv. Rm Dv Fp ]d-bp--XpXs Hcp Bh-\a
- m-Wv. D-Xs
- -bmWv bYm-n
Rm. ASp ]Zy-n Rm Bsc tNmZy-n\v IqSpX hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww Kpcp \Ip-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw

39

11
Al-a-l-sa--cp-fp--sXm-s-bm-cm
bpIn-e-Ita ]e-X--tX-I-amIpw
AI-ep-a-l--b-t\-I-am-I-bm-eo
XpI-bn-elws]mcpfpw XpSn-Sp-p.

Alw Alw Fv
Acp-fp--sXms
Bcm-bp-In
AIta ]e-X
GI-amIpw
AIepw

Al
At\Iw BI-bm
Cu XpI-bn

Alws]mcpfpw
XpSn-Spp

Rm Rm Fv
\mw ]d-bp-Xv Fmw
Xncp a\-n-em-p-Ib
- m-sW-n
Dkmc-n shth-sd-b-,
Hp-Xs- -bmWv.
Fnse Rm thsd, Ah-\nse
Rm thsd F Xc-n-ep-
Rm F `mhw
At\-I-amsW-nepw
Rm, Rm F `mh--fp-sSFmw kmcw Hm-sW Xc-n
]c-am-n- s]mcpfmb Rm
B[m-c-k-Xy-ambn \ne-sIm-p-p.

m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch
- sc kw_-n-p Imcy-
]d-bp-tm Rm FmWv ]d-bm-dv. F{X Bfp-I
Dm-bmepw Ah-sc-m-hcpw Rm FmWv Ahch-scp-dnp ]d-bp-X
- v. Ign tmI-n \S-nb ]co-W-ns ASn-m-\-n Fm-h-cn-ep-an-cn-p Rm
Hp-X-s-bmWv Fv ]co-nv Adn-p-I-gn-p. {ihWw, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\
- w Ch aqpw tNp- Hc-t\z-jW-n-eqsS am{Xta Rm F B-kXyw Fm-hc
- nepw
Hm-sWv B\p-`q-Xn-Ia
- mbn Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib
- p-q. {ihnt-Xv Kpcp-hn-s\-bm-Wv. A\p-`h
-
- \
- mb Kpcp-hn\npw
Btm]tZiiXIw

40

t\cnp tI-W
- w. AXp {ih-Ww. tI-Xns\ Bg-n
]cn-Nn-\w sN-Ww. AXp a\-\w. a\\w Bmhn
Ddbvp-tm AXp \nZn-[ym-k-\w. \nZn-[ym-k\w ]mI-amIp-tm kam-[n-nXn ssIh-cp-p. \nhn-I-ev]-k-am-[nbn Bm-hns Nn{Zq-]X sXfn-a-tbmsS {]Im-in-p-p.
a\p-jy\p Is-m-hp ]c-a-amb B\--ns el-cnbm-W-Xv.
\n-semw cp Xc-n Alw-t_m[w {]hn-pp-v. Hv hym-P\pw atXv Ak-ep-am-Wv. Ak Alw
ip-am-Wv. Id-]p-cf
- m-X
- m-Wv. Kpcp Alw-s]m-cp Fv ]dbp-Xv ip-amb Al-s-bm-Wv. ip-amb Alw GIhpw
AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. AXv Aap-J-ambn Adn-tb--Xm-Wv.
Alw-s]m-cp-fns\ kmm-XvIc
- n-p-h
- inip-s
- f-tmse
\njvf
-
- c
- mbn amdp-p. Im]Syw Ah-cn ImWp-Ib
- n-. AhcpsS apgp-h k-bnepw B ss\aeyw {]Im-in-pw.
AI-evsb tXmn-n-p Alw-t_m-[s
- -bmWv AIep-w A-l Fp ]d-bp-Xv. Am-\w-sIm-mWv AIev
tXmp-Xv. Am-\n\v -h-i-sn-cn-p--h "Rm'
Fp ]d-bp-tm ico-c
- n-t\m-Sp- XmZm-ys Dunbp-d
- n-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-X
- .v Al-m-ch
-- n-aq-Vmmhmb hymPamb Alw "Im Alw CXn a\ytX,' Rm Im-hmsWv kzbw hnNm-cn-p-p. Rm Im-h F-dn-bpXv m\w. m\w hymPs ad-amn Ak-ens\ ImWnp
Xcp-p. Ak-ens\ Rms\v Adn-bp-Xv B-km-m-X
v mcw. Atm Fm Rm\p-If
- nepw kmchpw GIhp-amb
Alw-s]m-cp am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q Fv Ghpw A\p`-hn-d
- n-bm Ign-bpw. Al-m-cn\npw \npw Alws]m-cp-fns\ thn-cn-d
- n-bp-Xv hfsc Zpjvc
- a
- mb km[\-bm-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

41

12
sXmen-bp-sa-ep-p-aew Zpc--a-x
Ie-I-fp-ta-p-a-l--sbm-p ImI!
s]men-bp-an-X\y s]menp]q-amIpw
hen-sbm-c-l hcm hcw Xtc-Ww.
sXmenbpw
Fepv
aew
Zpcw AxI-e-Ifpw
Gpw Al
Hp ImI
s]menbpw
CXv A\y
s]menp ]q-amIpw

hen-sbm-c-l
hcm- hcw XtcWw

Nhpw
Fp-Ifpw
amen-\y-fpw
ZpxJ-tlXp-I-amb hm-k-\-Ifpw
hln-p Al-sb
DWthmsS t\mpI.
\in-p-t]m-Ip
CXv Ahn-Zy-bmb A\y-bmWv.
AhnZy \inv ]qX
ssIh-cn-pw.
Xm h-\m-sW Al
hcm-Xn-cn-m-\p- hcw Xtc-Ww.

co-cs apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-m-Wv s]mXn-n-cn-pXv. sXmen-bpsS ASn-bn amwk-ap-v. icocw amwk_w am{X-a
- . AXns\ Xmn-\ndpp Hcp FnIq-Spapv. ico-c-ns ]pdw-`mKw F{X hrn-bm-n-h-mepw
Dn Nop-\m-dp hkvXp-f
- mWv InS-p-X
- v. \mw Ignp `-Whpw shhpw Fmw aqp aWn-q Ign-bptm AgpIn-\m-dm XpS-pw. AXpam{Xa, a\-ns
Dn Hfn-n-cn-p hmk-\I
- AXnepw Agp-In-bX
- mWv. Akq-b, Cujy, tIm]w, aZw, am-cyw, Zw`w Chsbmw
Pohn-Xs hrn-lo-\-am-p- Zqjyhmk-\-Ifm-Wv. ]ckv]cw sIp-]n-Wp InS-p Chsb t_m[-ns sXfna-bn Hp t\mn-m-WW
- w. Xe-bn tSmNv ssev ]nSnBtm]tZiiXIw

42

nv Ccp-ns\ Xnc-bp--Xp-t]m-se, t\mp-n-S-sms

{]Imiw {]kcnv Ccpv A{]-Xy--am-Ip-p. Rm ico-cam-sW Al s]men-p-t]mbn Rm ]qWw F
Alw-s]m-cp sXfnp hcp-p. s]men-bpI F-Xn\v
{]Im-inpI Fpw \in-pI Fpw Aw Iev]n-mw.
\in- p- Xv Al- - b m- W v. sXmen- p- d v am{Xw
HXpn\nevp hyn-t_m-[a
- m-Wv. {]Im-in-p-Xv Bkz-cq-]-am-Wv.
B-kz-cq]w kz-kp-c
- a
- m-W.v AhnsS kuc`yw am{Xta
Dq. AXn-cp-If
- n-m hnim-eX
- b
- mWv Bm-hns Xew.
Bm-\p-`hw Dm-Ip-X
- n\v Al s]men-p-t]m-IW
- w.
]q-am-b Bm-\p-`hw DmIp-X
- p-hsc hmk-\I
- Fcn-St- -X
- p-v. AXn-\n-Sb
- n Nne BfpI-fn hen-sbmc-l hv Ah-cpsS \- Po-hn-Xs Xmdp-am-dm-m-dp-v.
Rm m\n-bm-Wv, Rm Cuiz-c\
-- mWv, Rm alm-\mWv
Fsms kzbw hp ]d-bp-tm Abm hensbmcp
Albp Bfm-Wv. henb Al--bmWv tkzm-[n-]-XnIsf krjvSn-p-Xv. Ah A[o-ik
- z-`m-ha
- p-h
- c
- mbnocpp. ImcpWyw Ch-cn hn hc-n-cn-pw. ap--h-cpsS
{ibpw BZ-chpw Ch B{K-ln-p-p. ]pcm-W--fn
lnc-Wy-I-in-]phn-tbpw `kvam-kp-c-tbpw IY-I hensbm-c-l--bpsS Zpc-sbmWv ZrjvSm-o-I-cn-p--Xv.
hen-sbm-c-l-bpw s]men-p-t]m-IWw. AXp s]sp
s]men-bp-Ib
- n-. AXn\p Cuiz-cm-\p-{Klhpw Kpcp-Im-cp-Wyhpw
thWw. AXp-sImv {]m-\m-cq-]-n hen-sbm-c-l
hcmXncn-m hcw XtcWw Fp An--W w. hcw
F-Xp-sImv A-am-p-Xv \psS I-i
- n-sImv
t\Sn-sb-Sp-m-hp--X CXv Fm-Wv. Cuiz-c-{]-km-Z-m
am{Xw e`y-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv. {]m-\m-\zn-X-amb a\v
CXn\v A\n-hmcy-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

43

13
{XnKp-W-abw Xncp-\o-d-Wn-sm-co-i
I-a-ecnp hWnbamdn
kI-e-a-gnp XWnp tIh-e-n
aln-a-bp-ap al-n-em-Wn-tS-Ww.

{XnKp-W-abw

Xncp-\o AWn
Hcp Cui\v
AI-a-e-cnv

hWn
Aw Bdn

kIew Agnv

XWnv
tIh-e-n
aln-a-bp-av
al-n
BWn-tSWw

kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

aqp KpW-sf Nps-Sp
Znhy`kvaw ]qin-b
Htc-sbmcp Cuizc\v
kev]--fm-Ip ]q
Anv
BmW-`m-ht- m-sS
C{n-b-p hnj-b-fnep
sImXn Bdn--Wpv
Fm euIn-I-_--\-fn
\npw ap-\mbn
imNn--\mbn
tIh-e-am-b-Xns
Ap-Xm-Z-c-fpw Cm-Xmbn
B-tPym-Xn-n
Bp-t]mbn AXm-bn-ocWw.

{]

IrXn {XnKp-Wm-n-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo

aqp KpW--fmWv a\p-jys\ I--fpsS GSm-Iq-Sn-tev hen-n-g-p--Xv. {XnKp-W- I--fn Imaw
Ien Pohs\ _-\--\m-p-p. Cu aqp KpW-fpsS \ocmfn-n-Sn-n\npw ap-\m-IW
- s
- a-n Cuizc-\n ]q-ambpw icWw Kann-cn--Ww. Cuiz-c-\m-Is,
Cu aqp KpW--tfbpw Dw-Lnp \np GI-amb
s]mcpfm-Wv. Cuiz-c KpWm-Xo-X-\m-Wv. {]IrXn {XnKp-WmBtm]tZiiXIw

44

n-I-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bmWv Pohs I-t-{Xw. {XnKp-Wsf m\m-n-sIm-mWv Npp-Nm-e

- m-p-X
- v. Xncp-\o
`kva-am-Wv. `kvaw AWn-bp-Xv hnc-n-bpsS e-W-amWv. AsXmcp {]XoIwIqSn-bm-Wv. `kvaw ]qin NpS-e--fn \rw sNp XmWvU-h-\-S-cm-P hnc--`m-hns {]Xo-Im--I-amb Nn{X-W-am-Wv. ]pcm-Winhs\
]tcm--ambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\n-n-p-p-q. Cui
{]]--{k-jvSm-hmb kth-iz-cX-s-bm-Wv.
\-psS kev]-kq-\--fmWv Cui\v A-\-bmbn
\Ip--Xv. at\m-X-e-n-emWv Cu ]qP \S-p--Xv. AW-tmSp-Iq-Sn-thWw kev]--tfbpw I--tfbpw
Cui\p kan-t--Xv. AXn-eqsS C{n-b--fn -]-n\np Ima-\-Isf Cm-Xm-m Ign-bpw. Ima-\-I-fmWv
temI-n \s _n-n--p--Xv. Ima-\-I- Xm]kz`mhn-I-fm-Wv. Xm]w NqSm-Wv. Xm]-amWv a\pjys\ p_v[\m-p--Xv. C{n-b--fpsS NqSm-dn-bm C{n-b--fn
kam[n ssIh-cpw. ka-\ne ssIh-cpw.
Cuiz-ckaWw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-Ip-tm kIe
_-\-fpw Agn-p-am-dpw. A-c-W-n ]ncn-ap-dp- krjvSnncp NqsSmw XWp-p-dv imn-Zmb-I-amb Hc-\p-`-hs Dn-ep-Wpw. AXv Cuiz-cm-\p-`h-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw Dm-Ip-tm \mw _mly-temIs ad-p-p. \mw Hcp B-cy-]c
- X
- b
- n aXn-ad
- v {`ms\- t mse Pohn- s p hcmw. tIh- e - n aln- a bn\npw aptmp t]mI-Ww. aX- ssZh-ns tIhe-a-ln-asb hmgvp Zzzm-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-amWv kzoIcn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ahn-sSbpw \mw At\z-j-Ws \ndp-phm ]mSn-. hopw hopw ]q-amb \ne ssIh-cn-p-Xp-hsc Bg--fn-tep s]mbvsIm-n-cn--Ww. csp- `mhw Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-h-sc BZn-a-l-n BgWw.
B-km-m-Xvmcw AXp-sImv aXm-Xo-X-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw

45

14
{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISp Xnn-hnpw
{Xn]pSn apSnp sXfn-n-Sp Zo]w
I]-S-b-Xnp Ic--am-Ip-ho-se
p]-\n-j-Zpn cl-ky-tamn-tS-Ww.

{Xn`p-h-\-koa ISv

Xnnhnpw
{Xn]pSn apSnp
sXfn-n-Sp Zo]w
I]-Sb
- X
- nv
Ic--am-Ip-hoe
F
D]-\n-j-Zp-n-c-lkyw

Hmn-tSWw

Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

Fo aqptemI-papdv
\ndp-{]-Im-in-p--Xmb
{Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \mi-n-eqsS am{Xw
kmm-XvI-cn-m-hp B-Zo]w
I-k
- ym-knv
A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I-bn-
F Xc-n-ep-
D]-\n-j-n ]d-n-cn-p
cl-ky-amb Zi\w
Ftmgpw HmWw.

psS A\p-`-h-v aqv AXnn-I Iev]n-mw.

Hv DWn-cn-p-tm A\p-`-hn-p temI-am-Wv.
Cu Ah-sb Pm{K-Z-h FmWv ]d-bpI. Cu Ah- b n C{n- b - fpw {]]- hpw Xn _- s v
{]hn-p-p. cm-as Ah kz]v\-am-Wv. kz]v\w
ImWp ka-bv C{n-b
- {]h-\\
- n-cX
- a
-
- . Fm
\ Dd-h
- p-a
- . kz]v\w ImWp BfpsS Dnse ]qhkvac-W-I-fmWv kz]v\--fmbn A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
aqm-as Ah-sb kpjp]vXn FmWv ]d-bpI. AXmbXv \ Dd-w. Dd--n Hpw-Xs Adn-bp-I-bn-.
Fm Dd--n\npw DWm kpJ-ambn Ddn
F tXm Dm-Ipw. DW-Xn\p tijta A-s\bp- Adn-hp-m-hpIbp-q.
Btm]tZiiXIw

46

Dd-p ka-bv Rm kpJ-ambn Dd-pp Fv

Bcpw Adn-bp-n-. C{Xbpw A\p-`-h- \ap-smw ]cnNn-X-am-Wv. Fm Hcp m\n-bpsS t_m[w Cu aqp
temI-pw Ap-d-p- Hc-\p-`-h-n-em-Wv {]Xn-jvTnX-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. B t_m[s "Xpco-bt_m[w' FmWv
D]-\n-j-pI ]d-bpXv. {Xn]pSn apSnv sXfn-n-Sp
Zo]w Fv {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp hnfn-p-p. t_m[-ns
mXr--m-\--tb hn`-P-\--fmWv {Xn]p-Sn-I-fmbn
Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \miw t_mt[m-Z-b-am-Wv.
t_m[w sXfn-bp-tm \mwXs Hcp kzbw{]-Im-i-tPymXnm-bn-o-cp-p.
kymkw ]epw Hcp thjw-sI--em-Wv. kym-khrn XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-ns amXr-I-bm-b-XpsImv P\--fpsS BZcw kym-kn-Iv e`n-p-Xv
kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. -\psS ]qhn-I-cmb ky-mk-t{i-jvT-mcpsS PohnXamWv `mc-Xo-bk
- w-kvm-c
- n-\v amlmyw t\Sn--Xv. AXp-sImv kzoIm-cyXbpw BZ-chpw Inp Hcp
taJ-e-bn-tev Bfp-I Xmev]cyw {]ISn-n-p-Xv temIk-l-P-am-Wv. Fm Imepw Ccw Bjm-V-`q-Xn-I
Dm-bn-cp-p. -i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Imev I]-S-k-y-kn-am
kar--am-bn-cpp F-Xns sXfn-hmWv `P-tKm-hnw F
IrXn-bn ""DZ-c-\n-anw _lp-Ir-X-thjw'' Fv Cq-sc
Ifn-bm-n-b-Xv. thjw sIn \S-m-sempw Xpco-bm-\p-`hw
Dm-hp-I-bn-. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-n\v Xt]m-\n-c-X-amb At\zjWhpw X]pw thWw. hb-p-]n-g-n-\mbn thjw sIn
\S- p kym- k n- a msc AXp- s Imv I]- S - b - X n- I
FmWv ]d-bp-X
- v. D]-\n-j
- ns ]m-e
- s
- Hmnp-sIm-mWv Kpcp Cmcyw nco-Icn-p--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

47

15
]c-bpsS ]mep\pI `mKy-hm-m
smcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-sm-cev]-t\cw
Adn-h-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn--[o-\-am-bm
ec-s\m-Sn-bm-bn-c-am-p-t]mse tXmpw.

]c-bpsS ]mev

\pI `mKy-hm-mv
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-amv
Hcev]-t\cw
Adnhv
A]-c-{]-Ir-Xnv
A[o-\a- m-bm
Ac-s\mSn
Bbn-c-am-p-t]mse
tXmpw

]c-am--m-\-n\npw
Dudn-hcp B\-m-\p-`hw
A\p`hnp A\p-Kr-lo-Xv
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjwt]mepw
kzev]t\c-ambn A\p-`-h-sSpw.
t_m[w
Bm-hn\n\y-amb {]Ir-Xnv
hi-s-p-t]m-bm
Ac-\n-anjw
Hcm-bncw hjt]mse
A\p-`-h-s-Spw.

Im

ew Ne-\a
- m-Wv. Ne\w am-am-Wv. amw ico-c
- ntbpw
a\-n-tbpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-n\v hi-s-n-cnp- Xv Am- \ m- h - - b n- e m- W v . Ne- \ - n Poh\v
_\w A\p-`h
- s
- -Sp-p. _\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. m\amWv
Pohs\ \n-e-amb Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn-p-Xv. Bmhv
kzcq-]a
- mWv. kzcq]w \n-eam-Wv, nc-am-Wv. \n-eXbn
hn-p-Xv B\-a
- m-Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-aa
- mb A\p`q-Xn-bn Aan-cn-p m\n-Iv Ime-t_m[w Hcp
]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s-Sm-dn-. Bm-\p-`qXn B\--ns
\nd-p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev.
AXv Aar-Xm-Wv. arXyp-hn\npw Pohs\ XcWw sNnp ckm-b-\w. Fm-hpw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]yBtm]tZiiXIw

48

a-. `mKy-hm-mt AX-\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q.

`mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv. AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-ns ^eambn e`n-p--X-. Ir]bvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-m {]tXy-Inp
ImcWw Bh-iy-an-. Fm At\z-jn-p--ht\ Cuiz-cIr] Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Bm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjw-t]mepw
Hcp \nan-jw F-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw. Fm Am\-m Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n \nd-n-cn-p-tm Hcp
\nan-jw-X-s Hcm-bncw hj-t]mse `mc-ap--Xm-bnocpw. Imew a\-ns krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\-n kpJapmIp-tm Ime-n\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]mp-t]m-Ip
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-pw. ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-tm Imen\p \ofw
IqSpw. kabw Cg-p-\o-p--Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s-Spw.
kpJ-Zpx-J- Bt]-n-I--fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-Iimkv{Xw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-apt Kpcp ]d-pI-gnp.
B_v sFo Hcp DZm-lc
- Ww ]d-bp-p-v. Npp]-gp Hcp teml--In-Sn Hcmsf ]nSn-n-cp-n-bm
Abmv Hcp \nanjwt]mepw Hcm-bncw hjw-t]mse
tXmpw. Fm Imap-In-bpsS kvt\l-ak
- r-Wa
- mb Npw_\m-enw-K\
- m-Zn-If
- n \nhr-Xn-sIm-n-cn-p Hcp-h\v aWn-qdp-I Ign-p-t]m-bmepw Hcp \nan-jw-t]m-setb tXmp-Ibp-q. t_m[w Xn\npw A\y-amb Hn hym]cnp-XmWv Ah-iX. hmkvX-h-n Ime-ns acW
amWv B-km-m-Xvm-cw. Ime-n Pohnp--XmWv
ac-Ww. a\p-jy temI-n Pohn-p-tmgpw ac-W-ns
`oXn-bn\npw hnap--\-. Ime-t_m-[amWv a\p-jy\n
arXyp-`o-Xn-sb- krjvSn-p--Xv. Acs\mSn Bbn-c-am-pt]mse tXmpw FXv a\p-jy AaXy-\m-bn-o-cpp
F-Xns Be-m-cn-I-{]-tbm-Kam-Wv. Cu ]Zyw \nhr-XnbpsS \nd-p-Xq-h-em-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

49

16
A[n-Ih
- n-im-ea- c- p-{]-tZ-is- am-mbv
\Zn s]cp-Ip-X
- p-t]mse hp \mZw
{ipXn-If
- n hoWp Xpdpa-n-sbpw
bX-an-bepw bXn-hc- y-\m-bn-tS-Ww.

A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw
Hmbv
\Zn-s]-cp-Ip-X
- p-t]mse
\mZw -hv
{ipXn-I-fn hoWv
Xpd-p-w An
Fpw bX-an-bepw
bXn-h-cy Bbn-tSWw

hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn

BIth
\Zn Ic-Ih
- n-sm-gp-Ip-X
- p-t]mse
{]W-h-[z\n Dd-h-s]mn hv
Dm-XnhoWv
AI-p Xpd-n-pp.
CXn\v Ftm-gpw b-a\w ioe-am-nb
kym-kn-t{i-jvT Bbn-cnWw.

m-\p-`h
- s Imhym-I
- a
- m-bmWv Kpcp Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-Xv. hnim-ea
- mbn ]cp InS-p aW-c-v. B
aW-cv NqSp-sImp X]n-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. s]svv B
acp-`qan apgp-h \ndp]c-sm-gp-Ip Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-hs]m-n-h-cnI-bm-sW-n B A\p-`-hw \psS kev]st]mepw AXn-i-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv. acp-`q-an-bpsS X]vX-lr-Zb-n \Zn-bpsS \\hv ]Sv kpJ-io-Xf
- na ]I-cp A\p`q-Xn. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv A-cm-m-hn \mZw DXnphv Dm-Xp-I-fnhoWv m\-N-p-ns\ Xpd-p-X-cp-X.v Ahm-Ny-kp-c
- a
- mb Bm\p-`q-XnbmWv Kpcp Cu tmIn-eqsS ]Ip-Xc
- phm {ian-p-X
- v. \-psS cp ImXpIpap-dv Adn-hns am[p-cy-aqdp \mZw {ihn-p
Hcp t{im{X-ap-v. B t{im{Xw DW-cW
- s
- a-n {i thWw.
{i Bm-hn Dd-n-cn-p _pn-bm-Wv. {i DmXns\ BZyw Xpd-pp. BtXm-sSm-w-Xs D-pw

Btm]tZiiXIw

50

Xpd-p-p. ChnsS ]d-bp Iv m\-N

- p-m-Wv. kakvXX
- b
- nepw B-km-nyw Zin-p ImWv m\N-p-v. B-kw-ba
- \w ioe-am-nb Hcp kym-kn-hc
- y\v
am{Xta Cu A\p-`qXn ssIh-cn-Ib
- p-p. t\ct ]d
I]-S-k-ym-kn-v Cu A\p-`-h-ns shfn-hp-m-bn-cn-pI-bn-.
A[n- I - h n- i me acp- { ]- t Ziw A\- - a mb t_m[- ns
hym]vXnsbbmWv hyRvPn-n-p--Xv. \Zn-bpsS ioX-tk-N\wsIm-mWv Xnse B\-m-\p-`q-Xnsb Xncn--dn-bm acp`q-anv Ign--Xv. \msamw Pohn-Xs acp-`qan IWs
X]np Xop--h-cm-Wv. ZpxJ-amWv Pohn-Xs Nqgvp
\nev p bmYmy- s av {io_p ]d- Xv Cu
A-n-em-Wv. A]qhw Nnev Kpcp-Ir-]s
- Imv Bmhns kpJ-io-X-fn-a-bn- Aan-cn-p-hm ku`mKyw e`np-p. {]W-h-amWv \Zn-bmbn Bm-hn Hgp-IpXv. {]Whs \mZw Fp hnh-n-m ImcWw ]qWX {]m]n
Poh kwKo-Xm--I-am-sWp ]d-bm IqSn-bm-Wv. temIhn-j-b--fp-ambn apn-bp-cpn Pohn-p kmam\y a\pjycn Cu kwKoXw ad-p-t]m-b-Xns sshc-ky-amWv \manhnsS ImWp--Xv. Bfp-Iv Aev]w-t\-cw-t]mepw cktmsS shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. shdp-sX-bn-cnp-tm a\p-jy apjn-p-t]m-Ip-p. _mly-tem-Is
hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-sfmw a\p-jys apjn-n\n-p tamN\-n-\p-th-n-bm-Wv. {]W-ha
- p-W \mZ-tbm-Kn-I Bmhns kwKo-X-n [ym\-\n-c-X-ambn A`n-c-an-p-p. Cu
B\w \ncp-]m-[n-I-am-Wv. tbmKn-bpsS B\w \ntZm-jam-Wv. inip--fpsS {IoU-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

51

17
Ag-se-gp-a-n-X-fmp cp -X-m-bv
pg-ep-a-\mZnhnfp Xqn-bmm
\ng-ep-cp-hm-sbcn-bpp s\tXm ap
]g-Inb hmk\ hn hrn-b-t{X.

An-Xf
- mv
cp Xmbv

Ag-segpw
Npgepw
A\m-Zn-hn-fv
Xqn
Bm
\ng Dcp-hmbv
Fcn-bpp
s\v AtXm
ap ]g-Inb hmk\

hn
hrn-bt{X

Ap \mf--tfmSp IqSn
qew, kqvaw Fo cp
XpI-fmbn
In-sm-n-cn-p,
Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
BZn-bn-m Hcp Zo]w
Xqnbnn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-seBmhv
\ngemb icocw Gn-sImv
In--sm-n-cn-p-p.
hnf-s-cn-bm-\p- s\m-sW-ntem
apt \-n IpSn-sIm-p
]gwsN I-hm-k-\-I-fm-Wv.
B hnf-nse Xncn-I-fm-Is,
Nn-hr-n-If
- m-Wv.

cp Xnc-o-eb
- n sXfn-bp Ne-n-{Xw-t]m-se-bmWv Kpcp
Cu tmIw Na-n--cn-p--X.v A\m-Zn-bmb Bmhv Hcp
hnf-p-t]mse Hmtcm-cp-c
- nepw Fcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-.v
Htc-sbmcp Bmhv Fcn-bp-tm Hcp \mfta ]mSp-q.
Fm amb-bpsS in-I-fmb Bh-cWhpw hnt-]hpw
\nanw Bm-hn\v Ap \mf- D-Xp-t]mse tXmnn-p-p. Ap \mf- Fp ]d-bp-Xv a\p-jy-ic
- o-cnse Ap mt\-{n-b
- fneqsS-bp A\p-`-h-fmWv. sNhn-bn-eqsS i_vZ-\m-fhpw Xzn-eqsS kv]i-\m-fhpw
Btm]tZiiXIw

52

In-eqsS cq]-\m-fhpw \mhn-eqsS ck-\m-fhpw aqn-eqsS

K-\m-fhpw {]Im-in-p-p. mt\-{n-b--fn-eqsS BZo]w {]Im-in-p-tm-gmWv \mw tIp-Xpw kv]inp-Xpw ImWp-Xpw cpNn-p-Xpw aW-p-Xpw Hs.
Cu Zo]-n-\m-Is, cp Xp-Ifpv. Hp am\-kn-Iw (conceptual) cm-a-tXv sF{n-bw (perceptual). sF{nb-ambXv qe-amb Xm-Wv. C{n-b-ns apn Hcp hnjbw
hp-\np-tm a\-mWv B hnj-bs \n-bnp
a\-n-em-m-\p- km-l--sfms Hcp-n-sm-Sp--p-Xv. C{n-b
- hnj-bs kmam-\y-ambn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
a\v hnti-j-ambn \nh-Nn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. DZm-l-c-Wn\v Hcp amgw ImWp--tm AXv C{n-b-v \evIpXv amgw F kmam-\y-t_m-[-am-Wv. a\-ns cwK-{]th-ia
- p-m- Ip-tm IqSp-X IrXy-Xt- bmsS amgw atKmh-bmtWm \oe-\mtWm aqhm--\mtWm Fp khn-ti-jambn \nW-bn-p-p. a\-n ]qhmn-Xa
- m-b- hmk-\IfmWv temI-\nW-b
- n-\p-thn Icp-f
- m-bn-cn-p-X
- v.
B-Zo]w {]Im-in-p-Xv \ng-ep-cp-th-n-bm-W.v \ng-epcp
Fp ]d- m Xnc- o- e - b n ann- a - d - p- t ]m- I p
OmbmNn{X-t]mse Ft A-ap-q. Cu hnf-s-cnbp-hm C-\a
- m-b s\v hfsc ]g-w-sN ]qh-Ikw-kvIm-cfm-Wv. ]qhn aW-sa-t- ]mse Ch Nn-n
hknp- - X p- s Im- mWv hmk\ Fp hnfn- p- - X v .
s\n Xncn-sb-t- ]mse hmk-\I
- f
- n Nn-hr-n-If
- mWv
In-sm-n-cn-p-X
- .v hnj-bk
- wKw Dm-Ip-tm t_m[w
hnj-b-ns BImcw ssIsmv Poh-\n hntm-` Dm-n-sm-n-cn-pw, I-Se
- n Xnc-bS- n-pw-t]mse.
Chsb-bmWv Nn-hr-n-I Fp ]d-bp-X
- v. Bmhv
An-{n-b
- f
- n-eqsS a\-ns ]m-e
-
- n {]Xn-^e
- np
{]Im-in-p Hcp at\m-lc
- N
- n{Xw Cu tmIneqsS Kpcp
\app ]Ip-Xc
- p-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

53

18
Al-an-cp-f-n-cp-fm-In-e--cmbv \m
al-a-l-sa--dn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-l-a--Im-c-a-s
dn-h-Xn-\n--s\-bmp-tam-Xn-tSWw.
Alw Ccp-f
Ccp-fm-In
A-cmbv \mw
Alw Alw Fv

Adn-bm-Xn-cp-n-tSWw
Adn-h-Xn-\m

Alw A-Im-c-a-sv
Adn-h-Xn\v
Cs\
Bpw
HmXn-tSWw

B-t_m[w Ccp-f-.
Ccp-m-bn-cp-s-n,
Dm-gvN-t]mepw t]mbn
Rm Dv Rm Dv
FpIqSn
Adn-bm-Xn-cn--W-am-bn-cp-p.
Fm Rm\pv F Adnhns\ \ntj[n-m\mhm--Xn-\m
Bm-hmb Rm Ccp--sv
t_m[yw hcp-p-Xn-\p-thn
C{]Imcw
Fm-ht- cmSpw
shfn-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-W
- w.

Hm

tcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnp ]d-bp-tm Rm

F kh-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-mWv kwkm-cn-m-dv. Rm
t]mIpp, Rm \S-pp, Rm InS-pp Fn--s\.
ChnsS Rm F hnh ico-c-ns Ne-\--fpambn
_-sp XmZm-y-n\n-mWv DS-se-Sp-p--Xv.
Rm B\-n-p-p, Rm Adn-bp-p, Rm kvt\ln-pp, Rm shdp-pp Fp \mw ]d-bp-tm ChnsS
Rm kqva-X-e-n-emWv {]hn-p--Xv. shdppw
kvt\lhpw Fmw am\-kn-I-X-e--fn-ep hnIm-c--fm-Wv.
Rm Atm a\-pambn XmZm-y-s Hcp GI-I-am-Wv.
Ipd-p-IqSn Bg-n-tev \mw At\z-jn-p-t]m-Ip-tm icoc-n\npw a\-n\npw hyXn-cn--ambn Rm\n\v \neBtm]tZiiXIw

54

\nm Ign-bp-sav A\p-`-h-am-Ipw. B Rm ip-amb

Bm-hm-Wv. Adn-hm-Wv. B Rm kZm kpJn-bm-Wv. Rm
Dv F kXyw Bpw \ntj-[n-m Ign-bpn-. Rm
C Fp ]d-b-W-sa-nt]mepw Rm Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
Rm Ds--dn-bm\pw Cs--dn-bm\pw Rm Dm-bn-cn- W w. AXp- s Im- mWv Kpcp Dun- - d - b p- Xv Rm
Am-\-am-Ip Iqcn-cp--sv. Am-\-n Adnhv
Atijw {]Im-in-p-I-bn-. Iqcn-cp-v Hcp Zriyhpw sXfnbm--Xp-t]m-se--s.- \mw Hmtcm-cp--cnepw \ Dd-nt]mepw kpJ-ambn hn-p Rm Dv. B D
kpjp-]vXn-p-t]mepw kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-bmWv hn-p-Xv. Rm Adn-hns \nd shfn--am-Wv. Rm Iqcn-cpm-sW-n Rm, Rm Fp- t_m[w-t]mepw DmIp-hm ]mSn-m-bn-cp-p. Fm As\ Atm? Rm
ckn-p-p, Rm ZpxJn-pp Fsmw ]d-bp-tm-sgmsbpw Rm AhnsS {]Im-in-p-p-v.
AXp-sImv Fm-hpw Adn-n-cnmthn ]dp-sIm-Sp-t HmWv Rm Bm-hm-sW-v. AXv Hcp
Ccp hkvXphs-v. Bmhv kzbw-{]-Im-ia
- m-W.v AXns
Dsb Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-; shfn--ns Dsb Ccpn\v \ncm-Ic
- n-m-\m-hm-X
- p-t]mse. AXp-sImv \mw hopw
hopw ]d-bW
- w: Rm Am-\a
-
- , Rm m\-am-Wv.
Rm Ccp--, Rm shfn--am-Wv. Rm ZpxJ-a-, Rm
B\--am-Wv. Rm iq\y-X-b-, Rm \nd-hmWv Fv.
khw ln kn-Zmw t\l \m\mkvXn In\. ChnsS
kn-Zmw am{X-ta-bpq. \m\m-Xz- Hpw-X-s-bn-
Fp {io\mcm-bW
- K
- pcp Zi-\a
- m-eb
- n ]d-bp-p. P\-sf
t_m[n-n-p-hm-\mbn Kpcp sImSp-p Ghpw henb D]tZiw shfn-s tXSn \n Hcn-Spw Ae-tb FmWv . ImcWw B shfnw \nX- s - b m- W v . Hcnt]mepw AW-bmsX Pzen-p \n-fpsS \nP-kzcq]w.......
Btm]tZiiXIw

55

19
ASn-ap-Sn-b--a-Xp-n-Xp--Xp-s
Sn-bn-Sp-am-Znak--bp-sX-mw
PU-anXp kha-\n-Xyamw Pe-n
hSn-hns\ hnp Xcw-K-a-\y-amtam?

ASn
apSn
Aw
AXpv
CXpv
AXpv
Fv ASn-bnSpw

BZn-a-k

D-sXmw

CXp khw
A\n-Xyamw
PUw
Pe-n hSn-hns\ hnv
XcwKw
A\y-amtam?

ASn-bn-ep--XmWv kXyw
D-Xnbnep--XmWv kXyw
A-p--XmWv kXyw
AXp D-Xp-X-s-bmWv
CXp D-Xp-Xs- -bmWv
AX-, asm-mWv DXv
Cs\ a\p-jy shdptX
kXyssmn hmZn-p-p.
Fm-n-tbpw BZn-bmb
B-kXs-bmWv
_lp-hn-[-ambn ChnsS ImWp
\ma-cq-]--sf-mw.
Cm-Wm-hp-s- Xmw
\mi-ap-X
- mb
PU-am-Wv.
Pe-ns k-bn\npw
Xnc
thdn-n-cn-p-XmtWm?

Cu

{]]w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp k-bpsS \m\mhn-[amb Bhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. BIm-inepw `qanbnepw A-cn-

- n-ep-ambn Fa hkvXpsf \mw C{nb-sImv ImWp-p-v. BIm-i-nse \-{X-fpw
`qan-bnse Ipw apw hr-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw kmK-chpw acp-`qanbpw arK-fpw a\p-jycpw Fmw Cu BZn-a-k--bpsS
Bhn-jvIm-c--fm-Wv. Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Fm-n\pw Hmtcm
Btm]tZiiXIw

56

cq]-ap-v. cq]s \mw Adn-bp-Xv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXmWv. A-s\-bmWv F-a- \m-a-fpw F-a cq]-fpw
tN hymh-lm-cn-I{- ]-]w kwPm-Xa- m-Ip-X
- v. \ma-cq-]
- f
- psS
_mlp-ey-m \mw BZn-ak
-
- sb hnkvac- n-p-t]m-Ip-p. Fnv
hmp-If
- psS ambm-Pm-e
- ns]-ns-t- ]mse kXyssmn
Xn-m XpS-p-p.
Ip-sImp ImWp Hns\ am{Xta Rm kXyambn hniz-kn-p-I-bp-q Fsm-cm iTn-p-p. Atm
thsdm-cm ]d-bp-p, ssZhw D-X--fn ad-n-cn-pp
Fv. C\nsbmcm ]d-bp-p, AXp--X-, CXmWv D-Xv
Fv. B aXw icn-b-, Cu aXw icn-sbv thsdmcp Iq.
As\ ]dp]-dv X-n-tepw ASn-]n-Sn-bntepw Ah-km\w bp-n-tepw c-smcn-n-en-tepw
\bn-p hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z--fpsS A-iq-\yX Kpcp FSppIm-Wn-p-I-bm-Wv Cu ]Zy-n-eqsS sNp--Xv. DXv
BZn-a-k am{Xw. ASn--ap-Sn, Ahn-sS--C-hn-sS, AXp-v--CXpv F-sXms shdpw i_vZ-Pm-e- am{Xw. AXpsIm-m-W-hsb PUw Fp ]d-bp--Xv. PU-h-kvXp-
Aev]m-bp-p-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp Xncbvv F{X-t\cw Pe-n s]mn-\nm
Ignbpw? Aev]-t\cw am{Xw. Ipdp Ign-m hn-S-tp-Xs Xnc Xncn-p-t]m-Ipw. Xnc Fhn-sS-\n-mWv hXv?
Pe-n\n-.v Pe-amWv Xnc-bpsS BZn-ak
-
- . Pe-n\nv
thdn-smcp AkvXnX Xnc-b
v n-. Xnc A\n-Xy-am-W.v Pew
\nXy-am-W.v CsXmcp DZm-lc
- Ww am{X-am-W.v Cu DZm-lc
- W
- n-eqsS B-k
- b
- psS \nXy-Xzhpw \ma-cq-]
- f
- psS A\nXy-Xzhpw Kpcp hy-am-p-p. Fm X-fpw Am\n\npw P\n-p-X
- m-Wv. m\-n Xw Hgn-pt]m-Ip-p. t_m[w sXfn-hp kXys Zin-p-p. hnZzm
\ AXn-hmZo `hXn m\n AXn-hmZw sNp-n Fv
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv FSpp ]d-bp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw

57

20
De-In\p thsdmcp k-bn--Xp-s
pe-I-cp-c-Xp khaq-l-lo\w
Pf\p hnte-ibsap tXmn-bmepw
\e-an-bepw aeame \mK-amtam?

De-In\v
thsdmcp k-bn

AXp-sv

De-I Dc-Xv
khw
Dul-lo\w
Pf\v
hnte-ibw
Fp tXmn-bmepw
\ew Cbepw
aeame
\mK-amtam?

\ma-cq-]m--I-amb {]]--n\v
B-k--bn\npw `n-ambn
thsdmcp k-bn-.
Chn-sS-Im-Wp Hmtcm-n\pw
thsd-thsd D-bp-sv
P\- ]d-p-t]m-cp-Xv
Fmw
bpn-bp--a-.
Am-\nv
]mv
Dsp tXmn-bmepw
tNtXm-lc- a- mb
]qame
]mmbn amdptam?

m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-I-ambn Nnn-p--h-c-.

tbmKm-I
- h
- n-Nmcw Xz-Nn-m-tem-Iv `mc-X
- ns
X\-Xmb kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. ImgvN-m-Sns\ ka-{Khpw kao-IrX-hp-am-pI tbmKm--I-hn-Nm-c-ns {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
GsXmcp Nn-bpsSbpw ka-{K-Xv hy-amb Hcp ASnd Dm-bn-cn--Ww. {]]--s-p-dnv hnNmcw \S-nb
`mc-Xo-b- E-jn-I sNs-n-bXv Htc-sbmcp Imc-W
- n\nmWv Imcy-cq-]--fmb Cu {]]w Bhn`q-X-ambn ImWs-Sp--sX \n-b-n-em-Wv. {]]--Im-c-Ws ASnm-\-s-Sp-n-smv Nnn-m am{Xta Nn ka-{K-amBtm]tZiiXIw

58

hp-I-bp-q. Kpcp De-Ins ksb kh-k-am-t-jn-bmb

BZn- a - I m- c - W - a mbn FSp- p- I m- W n- p- p. \m\m- X zsmw Ccn-nSw \Ip Cu GI-k-bn ka\z-bn-m hnNm-c-samw bpn-lo-\-am-Wv. Kpcp Dullo\w FmWv ]d-n-cn-p--Xv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b Bk--bn Fm-n-t\bpw tbmPn-np a\-n-em-p-tm
B Nn bpn-bp--am-Wv. Imc-W-n\npw A\y-ambn
Hcp Imcyn-\pw \ne-\nm-\m-hp-I-bn-. Ifn-a-n-s\-qSmsX IpS-n-s\-s\ \ne-\nm Ignbpw? AXpsImv Kpcp Dd-n-p-Xs ]d-bp-p: ""De-In\p thsdmcp
k-bn'' Fv. CXp tIp-tm Cu temIw iq\yam-sW- a\-n-em-tXv; temI-n-ep- Fm-n\pw
A-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-k--Xs-bm-Wv
Fm-Wv.
shfn-p-d-hp-aqew ]qame ImWp-tm `ocp-hn\v AXv
]mm-sW {`aw Dm-Imw. hnte-ibw ]mm-Wv. ]qam-ebpsS BIm-chpw ]mns BIm-chpw kam-\-am-Wv. AXpsImv aqV\v Dm-Ip sXn-m-c-Wsb, Adn-hp- Hcm
hv Xncp-n-sm-Sp-p-p. ]mmsWp hnNm-cnv `bs Abm-fpsS a\-n ]qame ImWp-tm Dm-Ip
B-cy-\n`-c-amb ktmjw Kpcp FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p.
thZm--nse Ibdpw ]mpw F ZrjvSm--n\v Hcp
amw hcpn Ib-dns m\v ]qam-esb {]Xn-jvTn-pI-bmWv Kpcp sNp--Xv. Cu amw ]mc--cy-Nn--bnse Hcp
Zmi-\n-I-hn--h-am-Wv. kqva-X-e--fn Ccw sImphn-h
-
- Kpcp At\Iw \S-n-bn-p-v. BZn-ak
- shdpw
{]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-b H. AXn \nln-X-am-bn-cn-p
B\--amWv AXns aqeyw. ]qam-e-bm-sWp Xncn--dn-bpm AXv IqSp-X {]nbw P\n-n-p-p. AXp-sImmWv
thZm--nse ncw ZrjvSm--amb Ib-dn-s\-amn ]qamesb Kpcp {]Xn-jvTn--Xv. {]tbm-P-\-aq-ey-s-bmWv ChnsS
IqSp-X Dun--dbp--Xv.
Btm]tZiiXIw

59

21
{]nb-sam-cp-Pm-Xn-bn-sX{]nbw XzZo-b
{]nb-a]c-{]n-b-sa--t\-I-ambn
{]nb-hn-j-bw-{]Xn hnSpw {`aw X
{]nba]-c-{]n-b-sa-dn-n-tS-Ww.
{]nbw Hcp PmXn
CXv F {]nbw
XzZo-b{- ]nbw
A]-c-{]nbw
Fv At\-I-ambn

{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn
hnSpw {`aw
X{]nbw
A]-c-{]nbw
Fv Adn-n-tSWw

Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabpq.
CXv Fs CjvSw,
\ns CjvSw,
thsdm-cp-hs CjvSw
F Xc-n Htc {]nbw-Xs
At\-I-{]n-b--fmbnocp--Xv.
CjvSh
- n-jb
- fn
Dm-Ip {`aw \nan-amWv.
Xs {]nb-amWv
thsdm-cp-h-sbpw {]nbw
Fp- kXyw a\-n-em--Ww.

{]n

bw B\-a
- m-Wv. B\-
- n-te-p Pohn-If
- psS DpJX P-k-l-P-am-Wv. B\--ns Ccn-nSw Hmtcm
Pohn-bnepw AXns AI-ta-X-s-bm-Wv. ]pdta Xnc-bp-Xv
B\--ns Ccn-nSw Adn-bm--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. B\w
hnj-b-n-X-a-, B-n-X-am-Wv. AXv Ht-bp-q. At\I-an-. a\-ns A`n-c-an-m-\p hmk-\-sb-bmWv {]nbambn Fp--Xv. B {]nbw kqvam-n B-{]n-bam-Wv. Bmhv GI-amWv. Bm-hnse {]nbhpw GI-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv AXv Hcp PmXn Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p. PmXn
F-Xn\v Xcw Ft A-sa-Sp-t--Xp-p. Fm PohnI-fnepw kpJw A\p-`-hn-m-\p {]h-WX GI-am-bn-cn-p-Xp-sIm-mWv {]nbw Hcp PmXn Fv Kpcp FSp-p-]dncn-p-X
- v. ZpxJn-p-hm Bcpw CjvSsSm-dn-. AXp-sImv
Btm]tZiiXIw

60

ZpxJn-m-\p {]h-WX {]nb-ambn hcn-I-bn-. ZpxJs

Hgn-hm-m-\mWv Hmtcm Pohnbpw {ian-p--Xv. ZpxJs
Hgn-hm-p-Xv B-{]n-b-X-sIm-m-Wv. Bm-hn klP-ambn IpSn-sIm-p B\--\n`-c-X-bm-emWv Bm-hn
Fm Pohn-Ipw {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. Bm-hm-Is
GIhpw khhym-]n-bp-am-Wv.
Fm Poh-\nse Al-m-a-a-Xm-Zn-I ImcWw Hcph hnj-b-tem-ep-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p. hnj-b-n-emWv B\-an-cn-p-Xv F {`aw \nan--amWv hnj-b-n Hcph\v {]nbw P\n-p--Xv. {`aw FXv Am-\-P-\y-amb
sXn-m-c-W-bm-Wv. Ak-Xys kXy-ambn Icp-Xp--XmWv
{`aw. Ak-Xy-amb temI-hn-j-b- kXy-sap Icp-Xp-Xp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv hnj-b-{]n-b-X-bn Dun-\n-psImv Pohn-p-hm hyn-I {ian-p--Xv. {`aw Hcp-h\n i-am-Ip-tm Ahs CjvS-ap- hnj-b-fpw
hyXy-kvXfmbn-cn-pw. B-{]nbw ad-p-t]mbn B
m\v hnj-b-{]nbw hp-Iq-Sp-Xv Am-\w \nan-am-Wv. A-s\-bmWv Fs CjvSw, \ns CjvSw, Ah-cpsS
CjvSw Fn--s\- CjvSm-\n-jvS- _lp-e--fmbn hv
B-{]n-b-n\v hn`-P\w kw`-hn-p--Xv. CXp amn-sb-Sp-W-sa-n \apv {]nb-s--Xmbn tXmp Hcp Imcyw
thsdm-cmpw {]nbw Df-hm-p Ah-t_m-[-n kaRvP-k-ambn tNWw. Bm-hn \njvT-bp Hcmv
thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJs l\n-m-sX-Xs Xs kpJs
Is-m Ign-bpw. Xs kpJw thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJ-n\v
tlXp-I-amb coXn-bn ]I-cp-hm\pw Ign-bpw. m\n-I
temI-n\v ImWn-p-sIm-Sp amXrI AXm-Wv. BXy-nI-ambn {]nb-hkvXp Bmhp am{X-amWv. Bm-hp-X-sbmWv kh-hp-ambn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. Cmcyw Ftmgpw
HmthWw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

61

22
{]nb-a-]-csbsX{]nbw, kzIo-b
{]nb-a-]-c-{]n-b-an-{]-Im-c-amIpw
\b-a-Xn-\mse \cp \ \evIpw
{Inb-b-]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv htc-Ww.

{]nb-a-]-cs
AsX{]nbw
kzIo-b-{]nbw
A]-c-{]nbw
C{]-Im-c-amIpw \bw

AXn-\mse
\cp \\Ipw{Inb
A]-c-{]n-btlXp-hmbv htcWw

thsdm-cp-hs {]nbw GXmtWm

AsX-sbpw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
F\np {]nb-s--Xv
asm-cp-h\pw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
CXmWv Pohn-Xs ka-c-k-sSp-m\p Hcp t]mwh-gn.
{]nbw GI-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw
Hcp-h\v \-bp-m-p {]hrn
thsdm-cp-h-sbpw kpJ-n-\v
Imc-Wa- m-bn-oc-Ww.

Po

hn-X-n\v \smcp s]cp-am--n thWw. AXn-s-n

PohnXw Ae-tm-e-am-bn-o-cpw. [mn-I-amb Hcp
hyh-nXn {]]-k
- r-jvSn-bns Aeo-\a
- mbn InSp-p-v. ]c-kv]cw CW-n-\np Hcp hyh--bmWv
{]]--n \mw BIth Itm-Sn-m ImWp--Xv. Cu
CWw kl-P-am-Wv. am\p-jn-I-X-e-n-tev hcp-tm
krjvSn-{]-{In-b-bnse kl-P-amb Xmfw `RvPn--s-Sp--XpIm-Wmw. a\p-jy bpn-]qhw Nnn-p Hcp Pohn-bmWv. Ahs bpn-bpsS ASn-m\w Xt-Xp-am-{X-amb
kpJ-XX
- v]c
- X
- b
- m-Wv. thsdm-cm-fpsS Pohn-X
- n\v Fp kw`hn-mepw Xs AsXmpw _m[n-p-I-bn Fv aqVambn Ah Nnn-p-p. Cu aqV-hn-izmkw {]]--ns
[mn-I-hy-h-v FXn-cm-Wv. a\p-jy Hgn-sI-bp ap
Btm]tZiiXIw

62

Pohn-Ismw Cuiz-cXs IrXy-amb s]cp-am-

- n-I
-
\In-bn-p-v. a\p-jy-s\mcp tXmym-kn-bm-Wv. tXmymkw
]e-tmgpw [mn-Ie
- w-L\w IqSn-bm-W.v hyn-bpsS Xmtmn-c
- s Ah-t_m-[
- ns shfn-
- n-emWv Xncp-t-Xv. AXn-\p \b-amWv Kpcp ]d-bp-X
- v.
\app tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-sbmw sNp-I-bm-sW-n
Fhn-tSbpw kwLjw am{Xta apn-\np-I-bp-q. {]nbns Xe- n hcp ]nSnhm- i n- I sIm- mWv
kwLj- Dm-Ip-X
- v. P
- o-hn-X
- n ka-\zbw sImph-cW
- s
- a-n \mw Nne \op-t]m-p-I-sfms \S--Ww.
AXn\p Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ASn-d-bpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
Hm-a-Xmbn, {]nb-ns ASn-m\w B-k--bm-sW-dn-bp-I. Bm-hns {]nbw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw {]nb-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv Bm-hns {]nb-n-tev tNcp--Xns
`mK-ambn \mw {]mY-an-I-ambn sNt-Xv thsdm-cm-fpsS
CjvS-tbpw \psS CjvS-ns ]cn-K-W-\-bn-tev
sImp-h-cm ]Tn-p-I-bm-Wv.
thsdm-cmv CjvS-s Imcyw \ap-pw-IqSn CjvSsphcp-tm \mw Aev]wIqSn hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-ocp-p. Atm \apv {]nb--c-am-b Hv thsdm-cmpw
{]nb--c-am-bn-o-cpw. \mw temI-n-\p-thn Pohn-pI-bm-sW-n temIw \ap-p-th-nbpw Pohn-pw. \mw
Cuiz-c-\p-thn Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cuiz-c \ap-pth-nbpw Pohn-pw. `K-h-ZvKo-X-bn AXmWv ]c-kv]cw
`mh-bx]c-kv]cw {]km-Zn-n-pI Fp ]d-bp-X
- v. AXpsImv F\nv \-bpm-p {]hrn thsdm-cm-fpsS
Pohn-X-n\p Xn-bmbn hcm ]mSn-. A{X-am{Xw IcpX-temSpw Dsh-fn-thm-Spw-IqSn Pohn-m am{Xta {]nb-fnse kzc-e-bs Imp-kq-n-m \apv Ign-bpI-bp-q.

Btm]tZiiXIw

63

23
A]-c-\p-th-n-b-l\niw {]bXv\w
Ir]-WX hnp Ir]mep sNbvXn-Spp
Ir]-W-\-t[m-ap-J-\mbv InS-p-sNp
]-P-b-Iah-p-thn am{Xw.

A]-c-\p-thn
Al\niw
Ir]-WX hnv
{]bXv\w
Ir]mep sNbvXn-Spp
Ir]-W
At[m-ap-J-\mbv InSv
A]-P-b-Iw
Ah-p-th-n--am{Xw
sNpp

thsdm-cmp-thn
cm-I t`-Z-an-msX
kzmX Ifv
I-
Ir]bp--h sNpp.
kzm
A[-aa- mb kpJ-t`m-K
- f
- n apgpIn
[-hntcm-[n-bmb Iw
Xs am{Xw kpJ-n-\p-thn
sNpp.

Ir

]-WX
- bpw Ir]m-ep-Xzhpw ]c-kv]c
- h
- n-tcm-[n-If
- mb cv
at\m-`m-h
- f
- m-Wv. Ncn-{X-n Cu cv at\m-`m-h
-
Gdnbpw Ipdpw amdn-amdn hp-sIm-n-cn-p-X
- p-Im-Wmw.
_p\pw tbiphpw \_nbpw \mcm-bW
- K
- p-cphpw Ir]m-ep-fm-Wv. lnv -edpw aptm-fn-\nbpw Ae-Ivkm-dpw sNnkvJm\pw Ir]-W-m-cm-Wv. Ah shn-n-Sn-m {ian-Xv
Ah-cpsS Al-m-c-[mjvSy-fn\n-m-Wv. Ir]m-ep-
temI-n-\p-thn Xs-s \nth-Zn-h
- c
- m-Wv. Hcp apS-\mb BnIp-nsb cn-p-hm-\mbn {io_p- kzw
incv Ipcp-Xn--n shp-sIm-Sp-p. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
Ipp-dp-p-Is
- f-tmepw t\mhn-m-Xn-cn-p a\v hfnsb-Sp--W-sav \tmSv ]d-p. Alnw-k-bn-emWv Ir]bpsS Ccn-n-Sw. Ir] XnIpw ssZhn-Ia
- mb Hcp KpW-am-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw

64

kl-Po-hn-If
- nepw Xs Pohs XpSn-p-I sXm-dn-bp-h
- \mWv Ir]m-ep. Ir]mep Fp sNp-tmgpw AXv khntbpw lnXw am\n-m-Wv sNp-I. Fhn-sS-sb-nepw thZ-\bpw
bmX-\bpw ImWp-tm Ir]m-ep-hns a\w Aen-bpw. AhcpsS ZpxJ-\n-hm-cW
-
- n-\p-thn Ir]mep X\n-m-hp-s
- Xmw
sNp-p. an a\p-jycpw kzw `mcy, Ipn-I F IpSpmb XmXv]c
- y-f
- nam{Xw HXpnq-Sp-h
- c
- m-W.v - A-Xn-\p-ds
- mcp temI-ap-sv Ah Nnn-mt]mepw sa\s-Sm-dn-. As\bp at\m-`m-hs
- -bmWv Ir]-WX Fv
Kpcp hnti-jn-n-p-X
- .v
F-t-mfpw Ir]-WX Cp P\-f
- n Bth-in-ncn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Hcp `qXm-th-iw-t]mse P\w kzm-Xb
- psS
IpSp-mb IpSpw-_]
-
- m-e
-
- n-tev Dh-en-p-sIm-ncn-p-XmWv \mw ImWp-X
- v. Cu Dh-en-b-ens\ AWpIp-Spw_w (nuclear family) FmWv hnfnp--Xv. A\pw
Abpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw AS-p Hcp IpSpw-_w. AhcpsS kpJw am{X-amWv Ah At\z-jn-p-X
- v. kpJw Isp-hm-\p- {]bm-W
- n F{X Bfp-Isf thW-sa-nepw
ZpxJn-n-p-hm Ah aSn ImWn-p-n-. CXmWv Ir]-Ws
Pohn-Xc
- o-Xn. Ir]-W Xs t\-n-\p-thn kl-Po-hn-Isf-sbmw Nhn-n-sa-Xnv IS-p-t]m-Ipw. BsI a\p-jycpsS
BsI \-sb-p-dnv Ah-s\mcp hnNm-chpw Dm-bn-cn-pIbn-. As\ hnNm-ca
- n-m-h
- s Iw Zqjn-Xa
- mb Iam-Wv. AXn-s\-bmWv A]-P-b-Iw Fp hnfn-p--Xv.
B[p-\n-I-tem-Iv Ip-h-cp D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIrXn Ir]W- X - b psS Cun- - n\npw P\nv am\- h - c m- i nsb
Imp-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p hnj-en]vX at\m-`m-h-amWv.
AXv Hcp A_p-Z-am-bn hfcpw. AXp a\p-jys\ hne-a-Xnp-I-b sNp--Xv, Ah-a-Xn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. \
Hcp Pohn-X-n\v AXp-sImv \-fnse Ir]-WX If-bp-I.
Ir]m-ep-Xzs DWn hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p-I. temI-n\p
kzkvXn `hn-s
- .
Btm]tZiiXIw

65

24
Ah-\n-hs- \-d- n-bp-s- Xm-s-tbmm
eh-\n-bn-e
- m-Zn-aa- m-sbm-cm-c- q]w
Ah-\h
- \
- m-k
- p-J
- n-\m-Nc- n-p
h-b]
- c- p kpJ-n-\mbv htc-Ww.

Ah Ch Fv
Adn-bp--sXms
Hmm
Ah-\n-bn
BZn-a-amb
Hcp B-cq]w
Ah\h
B-kp-J-n\v
BN-cn-p-h
A]-cv
kpJ-n-\mbv htcWw

Ah Fpw Ch Fpw \mw

thsd thsd Adn-bp--sXms
hnNn-\w sNbvXm
temI-n
krjvSnpw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-p
Htc-sbmcp B-k-Xyta Dq.
Hmtcm-cp-cpw
kzw kpJ-n-\p-thn
sNp {]hr-n-I
ap-hpw-IqSn
kpJw \I-Ww.

tem

I-n Htc-sbmcp B-k

- tb Dq. B Bk-b
- mWv Fnepw \nnepw Ah-\nepw Ch-\nepw
Hs B[m-c-k--bmbn hn-p-X
- v. B k-bn\nmWv Rm\pw \nfpw Cu {]]-hpw Bhn`-hn-n-cn-p-Xv. BZnaw F hnti-jWw kh-{]m-Wn-Ipw _oPam-bn-cn-p-Xv F A-n-emWv ChnsS {]bp--ambn-cn-p--Xv. Htc-sbmcp amXm-hn\n-mWv \-sf-m-hcpw
DS-se-Sp-n-cn-p--Xv. km[m-c-W-bmbn a\p-jy Iw
sNp-tmtgm kw`mjW-n Gs-Sp-tmtgm Cm-cysampw Hmm-dn-. AXp-sImv Ah Fp \ ]dbp-tm \-n\npw A\y-amb GtXm Hcp hyn-bmWv
Ah F tXm-emWv Df-hm-Ip-X
- v. Hcp lnp ]d-bpw:
Ah {InkvXym-\nbm-Wv, Ah apo-amWv Fsms.
Btm]tZiiXIw

66

{InkvXym-\nbpw apoapw CtX-t]m-se-Xs lnphn-s\-nbpw "Ah' Fp ]d-bpw. cmjv{So-b

- nepw ImWmw Cs\-bp- tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-I. Ah Iyq-Wn-m-Wv, tIm{KmWv, _nsP-]n-bmWv Fsm-s. F-s\-bmWv Cu
A\yXzw \-nt- ep IS-p-hc
- p-Xv? \mw \psS imco-cn-Ik--sb-bmWv Rm\mbn Icp-Xp--Xv. imco-cn-I-k--bpsS
AkvXn-Xzs am\-Z-WvU-amn hp-sIm-mWv \psS
temI-ns AXnn \n-bn-p--Xv. Cu {]mY-an-Iamb sXns\ Xncp-msX temI-n ka-\zbhpw kam[m-\hpw sImp-hc
- m-\mhp-Ib
- n-.
\-psS hnZym-`ym-k-nepw aX-t_m-[-\-n-ep-samw
Cu sXv Bhnv Dd-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Htc-sbmcp
B-k--bmWv kh-N-cm-N-c--fnepw kXy-am-bn-cn-p-sX A\p-`-h-t_m[am-bn-cn-Ww Hcp a\p-jys\ DZm-am-t--Xv. As\bmWv Hcp-h Xs kpJ-n-\mbn
{]hn-p-Xv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw kpJ-n\v tlXp-hmbn
`hn-p-Xv. Chn-sS-bmcpw \n\nv A\y-c. Bmhn\npw AI--h-c-. hymh-lm-cn-I-\n-b-n-\p-thn
am{Xw Ah, Ch Fsms ]d-bmw. AXp-sImmWv
Kpcp A]-c F hmv D]-tbm-Kn-n-cnp-Xv. A]-c
Fm ]c Am--h. {]Xy--n thsd-bm-sWnepw ]c-am-n Xn\npw thsd-b-m-h.
Cmcyw \-hw a\\w sNbvXp-d
- nv Iw sNptm
temI-ns imn-p-thn apd-hnfn Iqt Bh-iy-an. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-hcpsS imnp-thn B-t_m[-tmsS Iw sNp-tm AXv ka-kvX-Xbvpw kpJI-c-ambn `hn-pw. Fm-h-cnepw imn kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hptNpsIm-pw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

67

25
Hcph-\p-\-Xpa\y-\-epw tN
smcp sXmgn-em-h
- n-tcm-[n-tbmn-tS-Ww.
]c\p ]cw ]cn-Xm-]-ta-In-Sp-tm
sccn-\-c-Im-_v[n-bn hosW-cn-n-Sp-p.
Hcp-h\p \Xpw
A\y\v Aepw
tNsmcp sXmgn
B-hn-tcm[n

Hmn-tSWw
]c\v
]cw- ]-cn-Xm]w
GIn-Sp-tm
Fcn-\-cIm-_v[n-bn

hoWv Fcn-n-Spp

Hcmv \ hcp-p-Xpw
thsdm-cmv ZpxJhpw
hcp-n-h-bvp--Xmb {]hrn
Bm-hnse kl-P-amb
sFIyn\v \nc-p-X-.
Cmcyw ad-p-t]m-Im ]mSn-.
thsdm-cmv
]c-a-amb thZ-\sb
Gev]n-p--h
In-sb-cn-bp \c-I-k-am-\amb ZpxJ--S-en
hoWv Xo{h-ambn t\mh-\p-`-hn-

tn hcp-p.

m-hnemWv Fmw kzc-e-b-s-n-cn-p-Xv. kl-Pamb Hcp sFIyw Bm-hn-\p-v. Bm-hn HpwXs ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-p-n-. a\v Ie-l-`q-an-bm-Wv.
Ipcp-t-{X-am-Wv. AXp-sImv B-t_m-[n-bmb Hcm
Iw sNp-tm AXp ka-kvX-Xpw lnX-I-c-ambn `hnp-p. Hcp XSm-I-nse \n-e-P-e-cm-in-bn-tev sNdnsbmcp Is-Sp-s-dn-m aXn, AXn Ae-If
- psS Btmf\w D-mIm. Ae-am-e-I Dm-Ip--Xv, AXns kzm`mhn-I-amb kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm\m-Wv. AXpt]m-seBmhv AXns kz-X-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm {iaw
\S-n-sm-n-cn-p-p. Fm ]ecnepw imco-cn-Ihpw
am\-kn-I-hp-amb XmZm-y-t_m[m BssIyw \jvSBtm]tZiiXIw

68

s-Sm-dp-v, ad-p-t]m-Im-dp-v. Hcmv \ hcp-p

{]hrn thsdm-cmv Xn hcp-pI-bm-sW-n AXv
Bm-hns sFIyn\p \nc-p--X-. AXp-sImv
AXns\ Kpcp B-hn-tcm[n Fp ]d-bp-p. t_m[-]qhw
Nne ap-hv D]-{Zhw Gev]n-m-dp-v, ap--hsc
]oUn-n-m-dp-v. Xs kpJ-n-\p-thn thsdm-cp-hs
Poh-s\-tmepw l\n-p-hm Nne DZy-an-p-p. A-s\bp--h sImSpw-]m-X-In-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp-hs Iw \-Xm-sW-n \ ^es Ah\v
Inpw. No Iw sNp--h\v km-]s Dm-p
^e-amWv e`n-p-I. \manp ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-p-p-s-n
B ZpxJ-n\p tlXp-I-amb I- \mw Ftmtgm
sNbvXnp-v. AXp-sIm-v thsdm-cmv Icp-Xn-qn ]cnXm]w Gev]n-p--h \c-Im-nv kam-\-amb ZpxJ--Sen hoWv In-sb-cn-bpw. Bmhv kzbta AXns GIXm-\-X-bn hn-p-sa-nepw Iw sNp--h\v IXrXz-t_m[w Df-f-Xn-\m I--fpsS ^e-fpw Ah
Xs Gp-hm-tn hcpw. acn-X
- n\p tij-sampw BIW
san-. Cu P-nXs I-^ew AXns Imhn-tep Xncnp hcmw. \cIw F hmv ZpxJ-ns Xo{hmh-sb ImWn-p-hm-\m-W.v AsXmcp {]tXyI {]hn-iy-b-.
\c-I-bm-X-\-I Ftm thW-sa-nepw \n-fn-tep
Xncnp hcmw. AXp-sImv Bm-hns GI-Xm-\X
- v \ncp I- am{Xw A\p-jT
v n-p-I. ZpjvS-em-p I Dt]-n-p-I. [mnIPohn-Xs hne-bp--Xmbn
Icp-Xp--h Cu D]-tZiw \-hw Hmn-cn--Ww.
Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb [w Fv Ejn-am Zin-ncpp. I-n lnwk-bp-s-n kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXv
B-hn-tcm-[n-bm-Ip-p. Bm-hnse \nebpw Pohn-X
- nse
lnwkm-cm-ln-Xyhpw Hcp-an-np sImp-t]m-Ip-Xv tbmKm-I-Po-hn-X-ns cl-ky-am-Wv. Cu Hm {]Im-i-h-mbn-cn--s.
Btm]tZiiXIw

69

26
Ah-b-h-sam-s-b-an-bm-Wn-bmbv \n
hb-hn-bm-hn-sb-bm-h-cn-n-Spp
Ah-\n-h-s\--Xn-\m-e-h \n\-bvp
h-i-X-bm-a-hn-th-I-sam-n-\mte.

Ah-bhw Hs
Aan
BWn-bmbv \nv
Ah-bhn
Bhnsb
Bh-cn-n-Spp
AXn-\m
Ah-iX
- bmw

Ahn-thIw
Hn-\mte
Ah Ch Fv

Ah \n\-bvpp

Fm Ah-b-h--tfbpw
kzh-i-K-amn
Hcp tI{-_np-hmbn hn-p
Poh
Bm-hns\
ad-p-I-f-bpp.
AXn-\m
kzm-k--bmb Bm-hn\p
hi-s-Sm
t_m[-iq-\yX
Hp \nan--ambn
Ah thsd Ch thsd F
Xc-n
Ah-i\
- mb Ahn-thIn \n\-bvp-p.

wKe-`m-j-bn Ah-b-h-n\v organ FmWv ]d-bp-Xv. \nc-h[n Ah-b-h- Hn-p-tNv kzbta

{]hn-p-Xp-S-p-tm AsXmcp organism B-bnocpp. \-psS ico-c-nepw Iptd-tbsd Ah-b-h-fpv. Cu
Ah-b-h--sfms tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-se-b {]hn-p-Xv. ssI Db-W-sav Cn-p-Xpw Im hen--Wsav Cn-p-Xpw Cu Ah-b-h--sf-sbms CW-n\np Ah-b-hn-bm-Wv. Ah-b-hn Fp ]d-m organizer. Ah-b-hnsbbmWv Poh Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Npa-cn
Xdbvp Hcp BWn-t]mse Poh Fm {]h-\Btm]tZiiXIw

70

pw tI{o-Ir-X-t\-XrXzw \Ip-p. ]t, Poh-\mIs imco-cn-I-Xm-Zm-y-m hymtam-ln-X-\m-Wv. Xs icoc-amWv Xs k Fv Poh sXn--cn-n-cn-p-p. Xs

icn-bmb k ico-ca
-
- , Bm-hmWv Fv [-cn-p-X
- mWv
kXym-h-[m-c-Ww. BWn Al-m-c-am-Wv. BWn t]mI-Ww.
BWn-t]m-bm hyn-tI-{-n hn-n-cp Poh
khm- - ` m- h n- b m- b n- o- c p- p. ka- k v X - X - b nepw Xs
Dsb A`n-Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-Xv hyy-l-m-c-n\v
\miw kw`-hn-p-tm-gm-Wv.
Bm-hns\ Bhn FmWv Kpcp hnfn-n-cn-p--Xv.
Hmw ]Zy-n ]d-bp Icphpw ChnsS ]d-bp Bhnbpw
Hp-X-s. Fm Cu Bmhv PohXzw ImcWw adp- t ]m- b n- c n- p- p. CXmWv Ah- i X. B- h - i p
\np-hm hnthIw thWw. AXn\p Ign-b-W-sa-n
A\m--h-ip \app hn-p- sIp-]m-Sp-I Agn-pt]mI-Ww. Ah-iX Ah-km-\n--Ww. Ah-i-Xbpw Ahnth-Ihpw Imc-W-amWv Ah thsd Ch thsd Fp-
Xp-_p-n-bm Hcm {]-hn-p-X
- v. B-km-m-XvImc-Z-i-bn am{Xta Hcp-h\v GImXm-t_m[w A\p-`-h-ambn
hcnI-bp-q. hyn-I-fn Ip-h-cp kzP-\]-]m-Xhpw
aX--cm-jv{Sob A`n-\n-th-i-fpw kp-NnX tZio-b-t_m[hpw Ah-i-X-bpsS _mly-Nn---fm-Wv. \psS _lp-am\y-cmb ]e t\Xm--mcpw Bym-n-IZr-jvSn-bn Ahi-m-cm-Wv. Ah-iX hyn-Xz-nse tcmKm-Xp-c-X-bm-Wv.
kaq-l
- ns tcmKm-Xp-cX
- bvv NnIn \evIm Kpcp-hns
Ah-t_m-[-\-{]-[m-\-amb {]h-\- hf-sc-b-[nIw
klm-b-I-ambn `hn-n-p-v. Cpw kaqlw BIth Ah-iamb \ne-]m-Sp-If
- n-emWv Ign-p-t]m-Ip-X
- v. AXn-\p ]cnlmcw cmjv{So-b-tam, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-ctam A. Bymn-I-am-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

71

27
Ccp-fn-en-cp--dn-bp--Xm-Ip-am-m
hdn-h-Xp-Xm-\Y \ma-cq-]-ambpw
Ic-W-sam-Sn-{n-b-Ir-I-ambpw
hcp-hXp ImI! atl-{-Pm-e-sa-mw!

Ccp-fn-en-cpv
Adn-bp--XmIpw Bm

Adnhv AXp Xm
AY
\ma-cq-]-ambpw
Ic-Ws- amSv
C{n-bIXr-I- -ambpw
hcp-hXv
ImI
Fmw atl-{-Pmew!

Ccp Ah--bn Ccp-v

Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv
Bm-hv.
AXp Adnhp Xs-bmWv.
]noSv B Adn-hp-XsbmWv
\ma-ambpw cq]-ambpw
A--cWw apX
C{n-b
- , Im-hv, Iw hsc
{]Xo-X-am-Ip--Xv.
t\mq.
Fmw al-mb C{-Pm-ew-X-s!

m-hns\ ]q-ambpw \nh-Nn-m Ign-bn-. Fncp-mepw hNn-m-hp--Xns ]camh-[n-bmWv Kpcp

]d-n-cn-p--Xv Ccp-fn-en-cpv Adn-bp--XmIpw Bm.
kh Ic-W
- fpw {]h-\c
- l
- n-Xa
- m-Ip-tmgpw "Rm\p'v
F A\p-`hw kZm {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cnpw. Bmhns\
Ip-sImtm _pn-sImtm ImWm-Xn-cnm Imc-Wsa-mWv? AXv Ccp-fn-emWv Ccn-p-Xv. Ccpfn-en-cn-p
s]mcp-fmWv Bm-hv. Ccp-fm-Ip ad-bn-emWv Bm-hns\
apgp-h\pw kaml-cnp-h-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccp Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
kpjp-]vXn-bn Cu Ccp Ghpw A\p-`-h-ap--Xm-Wv.
Bm-hns\ ad-p-sImv Ahn-Zy-bpsS Bh-cW
- i
- n {]_e-am-Ip--XmWv kpjp-]vXn. Bmhv shfn--am-sW-nepw
Btm]tZiiXIw

72

B shfn-s XmXvm-en-Ia
- m-sb-nepw ad-bvp-hm AhnZybvp Ign-bp-p. AXp-sImv Ccp-fn-\
- p-d
- p- s]mcpfns\ ImWm {ian-p-tm-sgms {]]-{- ]-Xo-Xn-If
- mWv
ImWp-X
- v. D
- d
-
-
- n \mw Hpw Adn-bm-dn-t- m? Fm
B Hpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p Adn-hn-m-bva
- p-nepw temIhn-jb
-
- ]n-qSn ad-n-cn-p-p-v. Nne-tm kz]v\n- Ah Xn-b
- dn hcpw. PmK-cn-X
- n AXp IptdqSn hy-ambn tXmpw. PmK-cn-Xhpw kz]v\hpw ]cw-s]mcp-fns ZrjvSn-bn hen-sbmcp kz]v\w am{X-am-Wv. Dd-nepw DWn-cn-p Bm-hn-tev \mw DW-cW
- w. Ddp thf-bn kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-sm-n-cn-p \mw
Bm-\p-`h
-
- n-em-Wv. ]t, DW-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta
B kpJs Hmn-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. Dd-p-tmgpw
"Rm' DWn-cn-p-p-sh Dt_m[w sXfn--h
m\n-bm-bn.
\ Ccp-p-ap-dn-bn Ccn-p-tmgpw Rm, Rm F
D bmsXmcp D]m-[n-bp-an-msX \ap--\p-`-hn-m-\m-Ipw.
B GI-amb Bm-hmWv ]noSv \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cu
hniz-ambn \psS apn {]Xn-`m-kn-p--Xv. B Bmhp- X - s - b mWv v A- c- W - - f mbpw C{n- b - - f mbpw
Im-hmbpw I-ambpw amdn-a-d-bp--Xv. Bm-hnX-sbn-cn-p Hcp {]tXyI in-Nm-e-\w-sIm-mWv CsXmw
kw`-hn-p--Xv. Cu Ap-X-I-c-amb C{-Pm-es [ym\m-I-ambn amdn-\np \nco-n-p-I. hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-hm
Ap-Xa
- mWv Pohn-Xw. \psS ImgvNI
- f
- psS bmYmys
Xnc-p-t]m-Ip-tm Adn-hns aqe-n sNs-p-p.
AhnsS {`a- tfm hn{`m- n- I tfm A\p- ` - h - s - S p- n- .
XnI imnbpw kz-Xbpw am{Xw. Ccp-fns kv]i-taevm sXfna AhnsS \ndp s]cp-Ipp.

Btm]tZiiXIw

73

28
ASn-ap-Sn-b--Sn-sXmp auen-bw
kv^pS-a-dn-bp-Xp Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw
PU-a-dn-ho-eXp Nn sNbvXp sNmp
nS-bn-en-cp--dn-h--dn-n-tSWw.

ASn apSn Av

ASn-sXmp auen-bw
kv^pSw Adn-bp-Xv
Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw
PU-a-dn-hoe

AXv
Nn-sNbvXv sNmp
CS-bn-bn-encp Adn-h
Adn-n-tSWw

ASn-sbtm apSn-sbtm D
t`Z-Nn CmXmbn
Fm ASn apX apSn hsc
sXfn-a-tbmsS Adn-bp-Xv
Xpcy-t_m-[-amWv.
PU-h-kvXp- Xpcy-t_m-[s
Adn-bp-n-.
B Xpcy-t_m[w
Nnnv Fn-t-cm-hp
Xe-n hcp Adn-h-.
Cmcyw a\-n-em--Ww.

-t_m[w PmK-cn-X-ntem kz]v\-ntem kpjp]vXn-bntem A\p-`-hn--dn-bp Adn-h-. `mhm-`m-hm-\-a-. aq-h- I

- t- fbpw Dw-Ln-p-\np AXoX-t_m-[a
- mWv B-t_m-[w. AXp-sImv AXns\ \mematXv F A-n Xpcobw Fpw ]d-bmdp-v.
Xpcobw hmkvXh
-
- n Hc-h
b
-
- ; Ah-m-{X-bk
- m-nbm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-_pn-sImp Nnn-p-tm-gmWv ASn, apSn Fsm-s-bp-
am\- Dm-bn-hc
- p-X
- v. km[m-cW _pn `uXn-Ih
- n-jb-f
- p-ambn _-s-mWv {]hnp ioen-n-pXv. AXpsImv a\-n hcp tNmZy-smw _pn Dcw
]d-bp-Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw, I\w Fo Af-hpI-fpsS
am\-ZW
- vU
- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-m-Wv. Fm Xpcy-t_mBtm]tZiiXIw

74

[-am-Is Af-h
- X
- m-Wv. Hcp Xc-n-ep- Af-hp-tImsIm
pw Af-m Ign-bm{X hym]vXn-bmWv Xpcy-t_m-[
- n\p-X
- v.
Xpcy-t_m[w A\--am-Wv. AXp-sImv ASn-sbtm
apSn-sbtm D hn`-P\w Xpcy-t_m-[-n hcp-n-.
Fm Xpcy-t_m-[
- n ASn-bn-ep `qanbpw apSn-bn-ep
BIm- i hpw Dtn- c n- p- p. Xpco- b m- \ p- ` - h - n
m\w kv^Sn-I-k-m-i-amb sXfn-a-bn Fn-t-cp-p.
kwibw teiw-t]m-ep-an-m \nP-n-Xn. C{n-b-fpw
a\pw _pn-bp-samw P-Uh
- k
- vXp-f-- m-Wv. AXn\p kzbta
{Kln-p-hm-\p- in-bn-. Bm-hns {]Im-i-n-emWv
Ahsbmw {]Im-in-p--Xv. AXp-sImv PU-h-kvXpfmb C{n-bm---c-W-v Xpcy-t_m[w hnj-bo-`-hnp-n-. Nnntm A\p-am-\ntm FSp-m-hp H Xpcyt_m-[w. Fm Nn-Ifpw A\p-`-h--fpsS ap{Z-W--fmb
kvac-WIfp-ambn _-s-mWv {]hn-p--Xv. Fm
Xpcy-t_m-[a
- m-Is As\-sbmcp kvac-Wb
- p-a
- . AXn-\m
AXns\ Nnn--dn-bm-\m-Ip-sap Icp-Xp-Xv A_--am-Wv.
Fm D]m-[n-Ifpw Dt]-nv, Adn-hns\ kzbw {]Im-in-phm hnp-sIm-Sp-p-tm Xpcy-t_m[w kqcy-Xpeyw {]Imin-pw. CXmWv B-km-m-XvIm-cw. ASn- sXmv auen-bw
kv^pS-ad
- n-bpI FXv Nn-sbm-gn m\-am-W.v Nnbpw
Nn-I\pw Htc-t]mse Xntcm-`-hn--Ww. Nnn-p-tm
ASn apSn, AXv CXv F tZi-Im-e-t_m[w a\p-jys Adnhns kv^pS-Xsb sISp-n-f
- b
- p-p.- Zz-z-f
- I
- t_m[amWv Xpcy-t_m-[w.

Btm]tZiiXIw

75

29
a\-a-e sImbvXp atli ]qP sNpw
a\p-P\p asmcp the sNbvXn-tS.
h\-a-e sImbvXp-a-X--bm-bvIn ambm
a\p-hp-cp-hn-p-an-cn-n amb amdpw.

a\-a-e sImbvXv

atl-i-]qP sNpw
a\p-P\v
asmcp the
sNbvXn-tS
h\-a-e sImbvXpw

AX-b
- m-bvIn
ambm-a\p Dcp-hnpw
Ccn-n
amb amdpw

a\-nse kev]-hn-Iev]--fmIp ]q \pn-sb-Spv

atl-i\v An-p
a\p-jy\v
thsdmcp km[\
sNt Bh-iy-an-.
As-n ]qs-Sn-I-fn\npw
]q s]mnv Anpw
C\n AXp-a-s-n
ambm-a{w Dcp-hnv
km[\ sNp-I-bm-sW-n
Xpcy-t_m-[s ad-p-]n-Sn-p
amb amdn-tmIpw.

\p-jy Fm-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-k

- ns Imcy-n HtcX-c
- n-ep-h
- c
-
- . Nne B-X
- zs s]sp {Klnp-p. Nne-cm-Is {Kln-m Ign-bmsX Ipg-p-t]m-Ipp. Hmtcm-cp-c
- nepancn-p hmk\-bmWv Ahs CjvSm\n-jvS
- sf \n-bn-p-X
- v. hnjbhmk-\b
- psS insb
bn-n-t-Xv B-X
- z-{K-lW
-
- n\v AXy-m-t]-nX-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn aqp D]m-b
- Kpcp ChnsS ]d-pX-cp-p. CXp \s Aym--amK-n klm-bn-phm\mWv. Hmtcm-cp-pw CW-p-Xp am{Xw kzoI-cn-p-I.
]t, GXp km[\ sNp-tmgpw eyw B-km-mBtm]tZiiXIw

76

XvIm-c-am-sW Imcyw ad-m ]mSn-. Aym--km-[-\Isf Imbn-Iw, hmNn-Iw, am\-knIw Fp aqmbn Xncnmw. Ch-bn Imbn-I-km-[\ qe-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.
hmNnI-km-[\ ay-a_
- p-n-Ip-X
- m-Wv. am\-kn-Ik
- m-[\
D-a-_p-n-Ip--Xm-Wv.
]q hncn-bp-X
- p-t]m-se-bmWv a\-n kev]
-
Ap-cn-p--Xv. Fm A\p-`-h-fpw k-ev]-X-e-n-emWv
BZyw A\p-`q-X-am-hp-I. Cu kev]
-- sf ]qPm-]p-jv]-fmbn IcpXn A-cm-m-hm-Ip atl-i\v A\ \S-p
{]{Inb XnIpw [ym\m-I
- a
- m-Wv. Nn-n\v GIm-{KX
ssIh-cn Hcp km[-I\p am{Xta C-s\-sbmcp km[-\bn Db Inp-I-bp-q. Cu am\-tkm-]m-k-I\v thsd
Hcp km[-\-bpsS Bh-iy-an-. Abm t{X-ntem
]n-bntem t]mtIXn. B km[-I ]c-am-m-hm-Ip
_nw_-n a\-m-Ip ]qPm-]p-jv]s An-p--XneqsS \nhr-Xn-bpsS ]c-a-Im-jvTsb {]m]n-p-p. A{Xbpw
Bym-nIamb HuXyw Bn-m Ignnn-sn hnj-an-t-. Ipdp Imp-]q- Cdpv atl-i\v
A-\-bmbn \Insmv Nn-sscyw ssIh-cn-mw.
CXv Imbn-I-km-[-\-bm-Wv. {]I-S-ambn \S-p Ccw ]qPIv {]Nmctadm ImcWw B[p-\nI D]-t`m-K-k-aq-ln qe-`p-p-If
- psS Fw hn-X
- p-sIm-m-Wv. atli FXpsImv ]c-am-m-hn-s\--s-bmWv Kpcp hnhn-p--Xv. AXpa-s-n hmNn-I-amb a{-P-]s km[\-bmbn A\p-jvTn-mw. AXn-s\mcp a{w thWw. a{w
Poh--B--t`-Zs AIn BssIyw Dd-n-p-p. a\nse amen-\y- \onbmte CsXmw km[y-am-Iq.
hnip--amb Fm {K-fpw Kpcq-]-tZ-i-fpw a{--fmWv. Ah \nc-cw kzmymbw sNbvXmepw aXn. kwi-bnt. ambm-apX-e-bpsS ]nSn-bn\npw km[-I\p ]pdp-I-S-m Ign-bpw. hnizm-k]qhw A\p-jvTn-p-I.

Btm]tZiiXIw

77

30
PU-a-dn-ho-e-dn-hnp Nn-bn-tm
XnSp-I-bp-an--dn-sh--dn-p khw
hnSp-In-e-h hni-Zm--cw-K-\mbv ta
epS-en-e-ap-g-ep--Xn \q\w.

PUw Adn-hoe
Adn-hnp Nn-bn-
HmXn-Sp-I-bpan-

Adn-sh--dn-p

khw hnSp-In

Ah
hniZ A-cw-K-\mbv

ta
DS-en Aav

Dg-ep--Xn-
\q\w

PU-n\v Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-.

Xpcy-t_m-[-n Nn-I-fn.
B A\p-`hw hmp-I-fn-tev
]Ip-hm\pw Bhp-I-bn-.
Xpcy-t_m-[s Adn-bm D]m[n-bpsS Bh-iy-an- F-dnv
PU-kw-_--amb Fm sIp-]mSp-Ifpw Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-n
Hcp-h
AXn-cp-If- n-m NnZm-Im-i
- n
\nd-n-cn-p--h-\mbnocp-p.
]noSv
Rm ico-ca- m-sW-p
Am-\-n\v hi-K-\mbn
ZpxJn-p-n-.
CXp Xo-bm-Wv.

\mw

F-dn-bp-tmgpw Nnn-m-dp-v. Nnn-msX Hpw

\apv Adn-bm Ign-bn-. Nnn--dn-bp Adn-hpIfpw A\p-`-h-fpw am{Xta \apv ]cn-N-b-ap-q. Fm
Ftm-gmtWm Nn-I-sfmw \nhr--am-Ip-Xv, hnc-an-pXv Atm-gmWv Xpcy-t_m[w {]Im-in-p--Xv. Cu Xpcyt_m[w a\- p- s Imtm _pn- s Imtm C{n- b sImtm Hpw {Kmlnm-hp Xc-n-ep-X
-
- . ImcWw
Btm]tZiiXIw

78

Ch-sbmw PU-h-kvXp--fm-Wv. PU-h-kvXp-sImv

ssNX-\ys Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw Nnsb
\nan-a
- m-n-bmWv temIs Adn-bp-X
- v. Nnbvv kzbw
Adn-bm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ssNX\yw kzbw-{]-Im-i-I-am-b-XpsImv thsdm-ns shfn--an-m-sX-Xs {]Im-in-p-p.
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-n ]d-bp-p, Xta-h-`mw A\p-`mXn
khw Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`mXn kzbw {]Im-in-p\n-evp ssNX-\y-ns shfn--n asmw {]Im-inp-\n-evp-p. Xpcy-t_m[w GIm-{- ]-Xy-bk
- m-ca
- m-bX
- n-\m,
thsd Hn-sbpw klm-b-an-msX kzbta Adn-bpp.
AXm-bXv \mw \s-s A\-\y-ambn Adn-bpp. PU-hkvXp- {]ta-b
m\v \nevp-tm ssNX\yw {]tab-am-Ip-n-. {]ta-b- hmMva-b--fm-Wv. ssNX-\ys
hmn HXp-p-hm km[y-a
- . HmXp-hm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. HmXptm ssNX-\y-amb Bmhv sRcnv ]cn-an-Xa
- m-Ip-p.
]mm-Xy-X
- z-Nn-I
- c
- n AZzn-Xo-b\
- mb s_Kvk
kzbw hnf-p Adn-hns\ Am\w (intuition) Fp
hnfn-p. AXp-sImv, PU-fmb D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS \mw Ip
ioen C{n-bm-\p-`-h- Xpcy-t_m-[-asp \nbn-Ww. Xpcy-t_m-[m-\p-`h
- s Ct-hsc Bcpw hmp-If
- n
]Ip-h
- n-n-. A\p-`h
- n-p-h
-- \v t`mr-Xz-an-m-X
- n-\m
samgn-bm-\pamhp-n-. IS-ens Bg-af
-
- m t]mb Dp-]mh
Xncn-p-hv \-tfmSv IS-ens AKm-[X
- s
- b-p-dnv ]d-pX-cn-Ib
- n-sv \ap-d
- n-bmw. ISepw ]mhbpw Hm-bn-o
m ]ns Bcp ]dbpw? Adn-hn-ea
- m ]ns \m\mXz-fn-. Atm Ahs A-cwKw kmK-cw-t]mse A\-am-bn-o-cpw. ]no-sSm-cn-epw Ah\v imco-cn-I-t_m-[m ZpxJn-p-ge
- p-hm CS-hc
- p-n-. ZpxJw ico-c
- n-t-XmWv. Bmhn-t-X
- . Bm-hn \mw B\-X
- p-n-ec
- m-Wv.
AhnsS ZpxJ-ns ]ina Ati-j-an-. AhnsS ""Rm''
\ncm-a-b-\m-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

79

31
A\p-`-h-am-Zn-bn-sem-n-cn-n-e-m
X\p-an-Xn-bn-nXp ap-a-n-bmte
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-Xp-sImp [n-bp-s
\p-an-Xn-bm-e-dn-ho-e-dn-n-tS-Ww.

A\p-`hw
BZn-bn
Hn-cn-n AmsX
A\p-anXn C

CXv
apw
An-bmte
A\p-`-hn-bm-b-Xp-sImv
[n-bp-sv

A\p-an-Xn-bm
Adn-hoe
Adn-n-tSWw

C{n-b-{]Xy-amb A-\p-`hw
BZy-ta-Xs
Hp-m-ImsX
A\p-am-\n--dn-bp-hm-
Ign-bp-I-bn-.
Cu Xpcy-t_m[w
apv
C{n-b-{]-Xy--ambn
A\p-`-hn-n-n-m--Xp-sImv
-[-smw A[n-jvTm-\amb Bmhv Ds-p-Xv
A\p-am-\-n-eqsS
Adn-bm ]p-I-bn.
Cmcyw \nbw hcp-Ww.

\p-`hw Fp \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-Xv Hcp hkvXphns\ t\cnv C{n-bZ- zmcm A\p-`h
- n-ptm-gm-Wv. Cc-n-ep A\p-`-h-sf {]Xy-m-\p-`-h- FmWv ]dbp-I. \mw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bp-p: ""Rm ISip-hns\ Ip.''
Atm Abm Xncnp tNmZn-pw: ""IS-ip-thm? AsXmWv?'' CXns Aw Abmv ISip-hns {]Xym-\p-`hw Dm-bn-n Fm-Wv. Abm IS-ip-hns\
t\cnp In-n-. AXp-sImmWv Abm-fn kwibw P\nXv. Fm ISip-hns\ Abm-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n
Abm-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw thsd coXnbn BIp-am-bn-cp-p:
Btm]tZiiXIw

80

""Dtm. \o Itm? AsX-hn-sS-bmbncp-p?'' Fm-bn-cn-pw.

Abmv ISip-hns cq]s A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-m
Ign-p. Cu temI-n {]Xy--n Fp Imepw
\mw AXn-s\mcp t]cp sImSp-pw. t]cv A-c-W-nse
Hc-h-b-h-amb Nn-n t]mbn ad-n-cn-pw. t]cp am{Xa Nn-n-en-cn-p-X
- v. {]Xy-
- n I hkvXp-hns
cq]hpw t]cnsIqsS ad-n-cn-pw. ]ns, B t]cp
tIp-tm \psS at\m-ap-Ip-c-n sXfn-bp-Xv
hkvXp-h-; hkvXp-hns Hcp Imev]-\n-I-cq-]-am-Wv. CXns\
{]Xn` Fp ]d-bpw. t]cpw {]Xn-`bpw Hn-p-tNv hkvXp-fpsS Xncn--dn-hp-m-n--cp-p. BZyta Hc-\p-`hw
hmte Xncn--dn-hp-I hcn-I-bp-q.
Xpco-bm-\p-`hw \apv appm-bn-n-. AXp-sImv \ap-Xns\ A\p-am-\n-s-Sp-p-hm Ign-bn-. am{X-a Xpco-bm\p-`hw Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-a-, -k--ev]-hpa-. Cu temI-ns
Imcy hpw A-s\--Xs
- -bm-Wv. ImWp temIw \ndw, aWw,
cpNn, kv]iw, i_vZw Fo [-fm-Wv. [n-mWv
[- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xv. [-v nXn sNm
CSw-sIm-Sp-p-Xv [n-bm-Wv. ]qhns [-f
- mWv \ndw,
aWw, kv\nKvX Fn-h. [n-bmb ]qhv C{n-b-{]-Xy-a-. AXv Fpw AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse \nc-h[n
[-t- fmSp ISnb temI-ns A[n-jT
v m-\a
- m-b [nsb
{]Xy--ambn Adn-bm--Xp-sImv A\p-am-\n--dn-bp-hm\pw
\nhr-n-bn-. A\p-am-\n-W
- s
- a-n AXp apt A\p-`h
- nn-cn-W
- w. Bm-\p-`hw \ap-n-m-X
- p-sImv \mw A\pam-\n-p-Xpw Duln-p-Xpw shdpw kev]h
- n-Iev]
-
am{X-am-Wv. Cmcyw a\-n-em-W
- w. B-m\w A\pan-Xn-m-\-a-. A\p-an-Xn-I \ne-bvp-tm-gmWv [n
kzbta A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn \nd-bp--Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

81

32
Adn-hXp [n-sb-b [-am-ao
bcp-fnb [n-b-Zr-iy-am-I-bmte
[c apX-em-b-h-sbm-p-an Xmp
smcp hSnhmadn-hp--tXmn-tS-Ww.

Adn-hXp
[n-sb-b

[amw
Cu Acp-fnb [n
AZriyw BI-bmte

[c apX-em-bh

Hpw C

Xmp

Hcp hSnhmw
Adnhv DXv
Hmn-tSWw

\mw Adn-bp-Xp
Adn-hns A[n-jvTm-\-amb
[n-sb-b-.
[-sfbm-Wv.
ChnsS ]d-bp [n
C{n-b-tKm-N-ctam at\m-tKm-Nctam Am--Xn-\m
]rYn-hn, Pew, An, hmbp,
BImiw apX-embh
[- Bb-Xp-sImv ]cam-n Cm--XmWv.
{]m]-n-I-[-smw
Xmm-bn-cn-p
Htc-sbmcp B[mcw am{X-amb
Adnhp am{X-amWv D-Xv.
Cu -c-lkyw Hmn-tS-Ww.

-smw CSw sImSp-p [n ImWm-ad

- b
- mWv hn-p-X
- v. [nsb ImWm Ign-bp-n
Fp ]d-bp-Xv Hcp aX-hn-izm-k
- ns ASn-m-\
- n-e.
Hcp ssIte-kp-Ij
- Ww FSp-m, AXp \nn-n-cn-p-Xp
\qep sImm-sW-nepw \mw AXv ssIte-km-sWt ]dbp-Ib
- p-q. Fp-sIm-s-m, \qep-I \nc-h[n tNv
]pXnb Hcp cq]s ssIsIm-t- m AXv ssItekmbn
amdn. ssIte-kns cq]hpw \ndhpw LS-\bpw am-hhpw
Btm]tZiiXIw

82

\apv Adn-bm Ign-bpw. Ah [--fm-Wv. Fm

ssItekv F [n AZr-iy-am-Wv. anfn cmPmhpw \mKtk-\ F _p-`n-phpw Xn Hcp kwhmZw \S-p.
\mK-tk-\ ]d-Xv Ah-b-h- tNmWv Ah-bhn
Bhn`-hn-p-Xv Fm-Wv. cmPmhv bm{X sNbvXn-cp
tXcns\ Nqn \mK-tk-\ tNmZn-p: IpXn-cI
- tXcmtWm?
cmPmhv ]dp: A. IpXn-cI
- tXc-s-n Ahsb Agnp
amm \ntiw sImSp-p. N{I- tXcmtWm? A Fp
cmPmhv {]Xn-hN
- n-p. Fm N{I-fpw Agn-p-am-m ]dp. N{I- Agnp amn. IpXn-If
- psS apXp-In hbvp
Xpw Ccn-m-\p Ccn-n-Shpw Hmtcm-mbn Agnp amn.
ImcWw Ah-sbmpw tXc-. tX FmWv Fv At\zjn-m thn-bmWv \mK-tk-\ Cu ]co-Ww ImWnp
sImSp-X
- v. hmkvXh
-
- n tX F Hcp k AZr-iyambn Ccn-p-Ib
- m-W.v IpXn-cI
- fpw N{I-fpw Fmw tXcns
Ah-bh
-
- f
- m-Wv, [-f
- m-Wv. Hmtcm-X
- mbv Ah-bhw apgph ]ncnp thdm-n-bm De-Ia
- n-nXp hnNn-{X-at- {X.. Fp
Kpcp AssZz-XZ- zo-]n-Ib
- n ]dbp-p-v. [-s
- f \apv
Nqn-m-Wn-m Ign-bpw. [n-bm-b Bmhv AZriyamWv.
\-Xp-t]mse hnNmcw sNp--h\p am{Xta CXp a\n-em-Iq. Am--h [--fpsS sIp-]m-Sns]v Ducntm- c m- \ m- I msX hnj- a npsIm- n- c n- pw. temI- ns
nXnbpw A-s\-X-s-bm-Wv. Adn-hns Htc-sbmcp
hSnhp am{Xta Dq. B hSn-hns\ ad-p-h-p-sIm-mWv
`qanbpw shhpw Impw Xobpw BIm-i-hp-samw \-psS
ImgvN-h--n-tep hcp--Xv. Ch-sbmw [--fpsS
m\v \np--h-bm-Wv. Adnhv Hp-am-{X-amWv [n.
hSnhv F hmv Kpcp-hns IrXn-I-fn khn-ti-jmn {]tbm-Kn-p--Xm-Wv. hSn-hn\v Cwo-jn subsratum
Fp ]d-bpw. hSn-hmWv kh \ma-cq-]-pw B[m-cw
Fp a\-n-em--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw

83

33
Adnhp \nP-n-Xn-bn--dn-n-Sm-\m-bv
c apX-emb hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\
adn-bp-a-h--bn-te-dn-am-dn- h-w
Xncn-bp-a-em-X-kaw Xncn-n-Sp-p.

Adnhv
\nP-nXn
C-dn-n-Sm-\mbv
[c apX-emb
hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\

adnbpw Ah--bn
Gdn amdn hw Xncnbpw
Aem-X-kaw
Xncn-n-Spp

[n-bmb Adnhv
kzw \nesb
kzbta A\p-`-hn-dn-bm\mbn
`qan apX-emb
]-`q-X--fm-Ip [-sf
kzbw ssIsm-p-sImv
Ne-\m--I-amb Hc-h--bn
Gdnbpw amdnbpw Xncn-bp
Xosm-nbpsS {]`m-he
- b
- wt]mse
Adn-hn Id-n-sm-n-cn-p--Xn\m {]]--{]-XoXn tXmn-p-p.

\mw

Hmtcm-cp-cpw kXy-n m\-kz-cq-]-cm-Wv. \mw

AX-dn-bp-n Fp am{Xw. AXp-sIm-mWv \mw
P\n \m apX Ftm At\z-jn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
\nP-kz-cq]w Fs--dn-bm-\mWv At\z-jn-p--Xv. Fs
\nP-kz-cq]w \nXy-k-Xy-am-sWv Adn-hn {]Im-in--Ww.
AsXmcp t_m[y-s-S-em-Wv. _p-\p-mb mt\m-Zbw
Cu t_m[y-s-S-em-Wv. tImtf-Pn ]Tn-n-p Xz-Nn-I
- mv CsXmcp _pn-]c
- a
- mb Adn-hv am{X-am-Wv. Fm
\nP-nXn Adn-bp--h\v Cu m\w B\q-`q-Xn-I-amWv. Adnhpw Rm\pw A\y-a-m GIm--I-X-bmWv A\q`q-Xn. GIm--I-X-bpsS B\--Xp-n-e-X-bmWv \nP-n-Xn.
Btm]tZiiXIw

84

\nP-n-X-\m-Ip-tm At\z-jWhpw \ne-bvpw. Ne-\ \ne-bvpw. Adnhv Htc-k-abw ssXn-Ihpw Ne-\m-I-hp-am-Wv. AXns _mly-h-i-p-\np t\mp-tm
Adn-hn\v ]e-X-c-n-ep- cq]-t`-Z-fpw `mh-t`-Z-fpw kw`hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmbn ImWmw. Adn-hns\ Bg-n
t]mbn Adn-m ssXn-I-amb Hcp kmn-bpsS \nebm-bn-cnpw. krjvSn Fp ]d-bp-Xv Adn-hn-s-Xs Ne\-{]-{Inb-bpsS XpS-a
- m-Wv. Adn-hn AK-Xa
- m-bn-cn-p
Cm-in aqe-amWv krjvSn-{]-{In-bv XpSw Ipdn-p-Xv. krjvSn--s krjvSn-Pm-e-smw Adn-hn\npw
A\y-Ym-I-cn Hcp tXm-en\v CS-h-cp-p-p. \nP-kz-cq-]\n-bw hcp--Xp-hsc [c-ap-X-emb hnti-j-`m-h- [cnv
{]]--KXn XpSp-sIm-n-cn-pw. adnbpw Ah--bm-WnXv. a\-p-X-s-bmWv Cu KXo-b-Xsb krjvSn-p--Xv.
AXn-s\-bmWv Pohs Akzmyw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
kIe Poh-Pm-e--fnepw Cu Akzmyw ImWmw. \nPnXn Adn-bp-thmfw Cu Akzmyw \ne-\nevpw. \nPnXn Adn-m Fmw kz-am-Ipw. {]]-Ne\w
Dm-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn Poh-Pm-e- hn{`m-n-bn AI-sSp-p. Hcp Xosm-n FSpv Npg-n-bm Xosm-n kcn-p hrm-Im-c-n apgp-h\pw Xo In-sm-n-cnp--Xp-t]mse tXmpw. sImn-bpsS sXpam{Xta
Xobp-q Fp \ap--dn-bmw. Fmepw \psS Ins\
Ftm Hv NXn-p-p-v. imkv{Xw Cu sXns\ optical
illusion FmWv ]d-bm-dv. Xosmn \n-am-Ip-tm
am{Xta Cu sXv \app Xncn--dn-bm-\m-hp-I-bp-q. {im\zn-X-ambn hnth-I]qhw a\\w sNbvXmte Adn-hns \nPn-Xnsb {]m]n-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. AXp-hsc {]]-ns {`am--I-X-bn \fpw Ipcp-n-tm-Ipw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

85

34
Ac-s\m-Sn-bm-Zn-b-cm-fn-bmnSpw tX
cpcp-f-Xn-te-dn-bp-cp-n-Spp temIw
Adn-hn-e-\m-Zn-b-Xmbv \S-nSpw X
Xncp-hn-f-bm-S-en-sX--dn-n-tS-Ww.

Ac-s\mSn BZn

Acmfn BnSpw
tXcp-cp A-Xn Gdn
Dcp-n-Spp
temIw
Adn-hn
A\mZn AXmbv
\S-nSpw
X Xncp-hn-f-bm-S
CsXv
Adn-n-tSWw

ka-b-ns Ghpw sNdnb

am{XIfmb
Bc-m- \nc-I-tfmSp IqSnb
cY-N-{I-n Ibdn
Dcp-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv
temIw.
B-k--bn
Imem-Xo-Xa- mbn
\S-p-sIm-n-cn-p
Bm-hns Znhy-\-S\w am{X-am-Wv
Cu temIw Fp
t_m[y-s-p-sIm-Ww.

tem

Iw \-nt- ev IS-p-hc
- p-Xv A\p-`h
-
- f
- psS \pdpp-I-fm-bm-Wv. F{X-sb{X Zriy-Nn{X-fmWv amdnamdn a\-n-eqsS IS-p-t]m-Ip-X
- v. Hc-\p-`hw Dnepw shfnbnepw Htc-t]mse ann-a-dp t]mIm thn-h-cp kab-am-{X-bmWv Ac-s\mSn. Fp ]d-m h-am-\-Im-en am{Xta A\p-`h
-
- n\v \ne-\np-q. ASp-
- Ww
thsdm-c-\p-`hw h-am-\-Im-e-n-tep ISphcp-p.
Atm sXmp-ap-pm-bn-cp A\p-`hw `qX-Im-e-ns
Klz-cn-tev ]nhm-p-p. Hc-\p-`hw h-am-\-Im-en \ne-\np-tmXs `mhn-bn C\n hcm-\n-cnp A\p-`-h-ns km[yX Xm-dm-bn- \nevp-p-v.
Btm]tZiiXIw

86

CXn-s\-sbms \nb-{n-p \nbaw Fm-sWp tNmZnm XnIpw At-b-amb Hcp Xe-n- \psS a\p-sNv DSn-\npw.
A\p-`-h--fpsS Nm{In-I-amb Cu Ne-\m--I-Xsb Hcp
cY-N-{I-n-t\m-SmWv Kpcp D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. cY-N{Iw ImeN{Iw IqSn-bm-Wv. ChnsS temIs (space) Ime-n (time)
\npw `nn-n-m-sX-bmWv Kpcp ]d-bp--Xv. cY-N-{I-ns
Bc-m-ep-Isf Ime-ns am{X-Ifmbn Fp-p. Ac-s\mSnbmWv Ime-ns Ghpw sNdnb am{X. Hmtcm Bc-mepw
Acs\mSn `qansb kv]in-p-tm AsXmcp h-am-\Im-em-\p-`-h-ambn. Ime-N-{I-K-Xn-bn Hcp Bc-m ]nn
temp Xncn-bp-tm AXp `qX-Im-e-am-bn. hcm-\n-cn-p
Bc-m-ep-I `hn-jy-ns\ kqNn-n-p-p. Hmtcm A\p-`hhpw a\-ns aWvUe
-
- n kvac-Wb
- mbn kqn-s
- Sp-p. C{Xbpw at\m-lc
- a
- mb Hcp D]a thsdsb-hn-sSbpw
Is-m Ign-bp-n-. D]-\n-j
- p-f
- n Nne Ahy
]cm-ai- Ds Imcyw ad-p-n-.
Adn-hn \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu cY-N{- I-ka
- m-\a
- mb
Xncn-n-ens\ Bm-hns Xncp-hn-fb
- m-a
- m-bn-mWv Kpcp hntijn-n-n-cn-p-X
- v. A\m-Znbmb Cu Xncp-hn-fb
- ms XpShpw HSp-h
- p-an-m Ime-N{- I-ns eoem-kz-cp-]s Ipdnp-p. {]]w FXv inhs \S-\a
- m-sWv ssih knm-n-Ifpw Icp-Xp-p. Cu {]]-\
- S- \
- w- Fp XpSn sbp
Duln-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. A\m-Zn-bm-sWv \nK-an-mt\
Hq. h-am\w am{Xta \nXy-kX
- y-am-bp-q. h-am-\I
- me-n \S-p Pohn-Xns Cu \S-t\m--h-n
\appw ]p-tNp \r-am-Sm Ign-bW
- w. \psS Ir{Xn-aKu-c-h--fpsS s]m--c- Atm XIp-ho-gpw.
Bm-\p-`hn AXp-sImv \S-\s
- s`-ch
- \mWv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

87

35
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-Zn-tX-b-scm-mbv
hcp-h-Xp-t]mse hcpw hnth-I-hrn
Adn-hns\ aqSp-a-\n-Xy-am-b-bm-ao
bncp-fn-s\-bos-gp-am-Zn-kq-cy-\-t{X.

Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw
BZn-tX-b
Hmbv hcp-h-Xp-t]mse
hcpw
hnth-I-hrn
Adn-hns\ aqSpw

A\n-Xy-am-bbmw
Cu Ccp-fns\
Cusgpw
BZn-kq-cy-\t{X

Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw
kqcy-m
HnpZnm F-Xp-t]mse
kw`-hn-p--Xm-Wv
B-m\w.
Adn-hns ]q-Xsb s]mXnp-\np
\nXy-a-m amb BIp
Cu Am-\-am-Ip Ccp-ns\
]nfp-amn DZn-p-b-cp
BZn-kq-cy-\mWv Bm\w.

m-\p-`-h-s `mj-bn-eqsS hyh-l-cn-pX-cm BhpI-bn-. hymh-lm-cn-I-`m-j-bn Bm-hn\p Xp-eyambn Hpw-Xs C. Bmhv D]-a-I-Xo-X-am-Wv.
Fnpw Ejn AXns\ ]d-bm-s\m-cp-s-Sp-p. Ejn Ihnbm-bn-o-cp-Xv Cu k`-n-em-Wv. aqI-\mb Hcm BZyambn Iw Xnp- I - b m- s W- n I- - ns
am[pcyw ]d--dn-bn-m Ign-bmsX Abm hnn--sSpw. aqI-\m-bXp-sImv hmp-I hcn-I-bn-. Abm B\m-Xn-tc-I-m \rw Ifn-t-pw. ]e tNjvS-I-fn-eqtSbpw I--ns am[pcyw {]I-Sn-n-m {ian-pw.
Fmepw ]d-tb-Xp ]dp F kwXr]vXn AbmpBtm]tZiiXIw

88

m-I-W-sa-n-. AtX-t]m-se Hc-h--bmWv Bm\n-bp-tS-Xv. AI-]p-d--fn-msX ]c-sm-gp-Ip B\---Sens\n kzm\q-`h-Ko-Xn-bn Kpcp Ipdn-n-n-p-v.
Fmepw {io\mcm-bW
- K
- pcp ChnsS a\p-jy-ta-[sb `mthmz-ea
- m-p Hcp-Zm-lc
- Ww FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p. Bmhv
shfn-a
- m-Wv. B shfn-
- n-emWv asmw {]Im-in-p-X
- v.
kqcy-\p-t]mepw shfnw \evIp shfn--amWv Bm-hv.
kqcy-\mWv `qan-bnse Ghpw {]Im-ia
- p shfn-w. Hcp- kqcys shfn-w-sIm-p-Xs Cu `qa-WvUe
- w apgp-h {]Imi-]q-cn-Xa
- m-Ip-p. Fm Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw kqcy-m Hnp-Zn-p-Ib
- m-sW-n Ccp-ns Hcp sNdp-IW
- n-Ib
-
v p-t]mepw
ChnsS \n-
- n-bn-m-Xm-Ipw. ImWp-h
- t]mepw {]Imi-t[m-c-Wn-I-fn \jvS-s-Spw. Cu D]a Hcp Ap-Xm-XntcIs {]tZym-Zn-n-p-hm-\mWv Kpcp D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv B-kq-cy-\p-Zn-m Am-\a
- mIp
A-Im-c
- n\v \psSbpn \ne-bp-d
- n-m Ign-bmsX
t]mIp-X
- v. Adn-hns\ aqSn-b ambm-aq-Sp-]Sw Xpcv BZn-aamb B-kq-cys {]Imiw shfn-hm-Ip Nn{Xw Imhy-kpcamWv. Cu AXn`mhp-IX
- z-aq-dp Nn{Xw \psS Hmtcm-cp-cp-tSbpw Dn Hfn-n-cn-p A\-k
- m-[y-XI
- sf Zo]vXa
- m-m t]mcp-Xm-Wv.
Kpcphns A-cm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv Cu tmI-n-se {- ]-tabw. m\-_p-
- m-cpsS AIp {]Im-in-p Cu kqcys\-t-Sn-bmWv hnZq-c
- f
- n\n-p-t]mepw Pnm-km-ie
- `
- Kpcp-hn-tev ]d-S- p-p-X
- .v Hcp alm-m-hn\v t_mt[mZbw kw`-hnp F-dn-bp-tm kXy-Pn-m-kp-v HcnSv Ccn-s
- m-dp-Xn-bp-m-hp-Ib
- n-. B _ps\ Isn
At-l
- ns kn[n-bn-tev Pnmkp Fn-s-Sp-XmWv temIs Ghpw henb B-cyw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

89

36
Adn-hn\p in-b-\--ap-n-sX-m
adp-Xn-bnSmw ka-b-\y-sb-n-hw
Ccp-]n-cn-hm-bnXn-e-\y-km-ay-amp
p-cp-hn-ea- p sXfnpWn-tS-Ww-.

Adn-hn\p
in A\--apv
CsXmw
ka A\y Fn-hw
Ccp-]n-cn-hmbv
Adp-Xn-bnSmw
CXn A\y
km-ay-amp-
Dcp-hn
Aav
sXfnv
DWn-tSWw

tIh-e-amb Adn-hn\v
A\--amb in-I-fp-v.
Cu in-I-sf-sbmw
ka Fpw A\y Fp-ap-
cp hIp-p-I-fmbn
Xcw-Xn-cn-p a\-n-em-mw.
Cu ]ncn-hn A\y
ka-bpsS sFImyamb
kzcq-]-n
A\p-`-h-km-bpPyw Isn
kwi-b--sfmw ]mtS \on
DWn-cn--Ww.

dn-hns in-I Ah-[n-bn-m-Xm-Wv. Adnhns

km[y-XI
-- F{X-am{Xapsv \apv Fn-n-s-Sp-m-\m-hn-. AXp-sImv Adn-hn\p in A\--apv. Adnhpw inbpw Hcn-epw ]ncn-n-cp-n-n-. Cu
]ncn-hp-I _pn-bpsS {Kl-W-n\p am{X-am-Wv. kXymt\z-j-I-\mb HcmfpsS Ah-[m-c-W-n-\mbn ]d-p-sIm-SppXmWv. Cu in-Iv s]mXpth cp Xcw `m-h-fmWpXv. Cs\ hI-Xn-cnp a\-n-em-p-tm ""A\y''
F in On{Z-i-n-bm-Wv. Adnhv F-a \ma-cq-]-fmbn th]n-cn-bp-Xv A\ybpsS {]_eX hn-n-cn-pBtm]tZiiXIw

90

tm-gm-Wv. ""ka'' GIo-I-c-W-i-n-bm-Wv. GIo-I-cWw \SWsa-n ka GI-Xm-\hpw tI{o-I-c-W-kz-`m-h-ap-Xpw

Bbn-cn--Ww. On{Z-in khYm Ie-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-pw.
-a-\-xim-kv{X-n CXns\ negative mind FmWv ]d-bpXv. t_m[-nXs Ccn-p sFIy-s-Sm-\p- DuNm-e-\-am-Wv positive mind.
Cu tm-I-n Kpcp kzoI-cn-n-cn-p kw-I
A\y Fpw ka Fp-am-W.v D]-\n-j
- p-If
- n Cu cp
kw-I hnZy Fpw AhnZy Fpw ]c Fpw A]c
Fpw hyh-l-cn--s-Sp-p. temI-hp-am-bn XmZm-y-s-n-cnp \m\m-Xz-{`aw Df-hm-p _pn-bmWv A\y. AXpsIm-m-WXv Ie-ln-p-X
- .v Fm, B-\n-jT
v a
- mb _pnbmWv ka. AXv IqSp-X kvt\l-nsbpw Imcp-Wy-nsbpw ka-\z-b
- n-sbpw hgn-bm-Wv. Cu cp in-Ifpw
Adnpw Adn-bm-tXbpw \-fn-sems {]hn-p-pv. ]t, Ch cpw {]mIr-Xn-Ia
- mb in-If
- m-Wv. AXpsImv A\ybpw kabpw _-tl-Xp-Ia
- m-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bpXv B-km-m-XvIm-c-n-tev AW-b-W-sa-n Hcp
LwIqSn apt-td--Xp-v FmWv .A\ysb kabn
tN-Ww. A\ysb Aap-J-am-n-thWw ka-bn kaoI-cn-p-hm. kmay-amp- Dcp B-kz-cq]w Xs-bmWv. AXv t_m[-ns A[n-jvTm-\amWv. B A[n-jvTm\w
Adn-hns tIh-eX
- b
- m-Wv. A\y- kabn Aa-cp-Xn-eqsS
\mw Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXn\mbn \nse XrjvW-Isfmw HSp-t--Xm-bn-p-v. At_m-[-n Hfn-p-In-Sp Ima-t- {Im-[- t- em` t{]c-WI
- Fmw HgnpXo-cWw.
Atm Dw sXfn-hp--Xm-bn-o-cpw. B sXfn-abn
Ftmgpw DWn-cn--Ww.

Btm]tZiiXIw

91

37
hnj-a-X-bms-gp-a-\y- sh-p-sImhm
hnj-a-a-J-WvUhn-th-I-i-n-sbty
hnj-asb sh-Xn-\m hnth-I-amIpw
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbm-S-W-n-tS-Ww.
hnj-a-X-bmsgpw A\y
shp-sImhm hnjaw
AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i-n-sbty
AXn-\m
hnj-asb shv
hnth-I-amIpw
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbmSv
AW-n-tSWw

A\y F in hnj-a-X-I
Dm-p-X
- m-Wv.
CXns\ adn-I-S-p-hm hfsc
{]bm-k-am-Wv.
Fm AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-in
bp-sn km[n-pw.
AXp-sImv
A\y-bm-Ip hnj-asb AXnhnv
AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-am-Ip
hnj-b-ns ]en-m
B-t_m-[t- mSv
tNn-cp-ntS-Ww.

\ysb Pbn-p-hm hnj-a-am-Wv. Xn\nv Fm-nt\bpw A\y-YmI-cnv Adn-bp--XmWv A\y. Cu

{]]w apgp-h\pw Xn-\nv A-\y-am-sW--dn-bp-tm
Abm-fn Dm-Ip BZys Ah Zmcn{Zy-am-Wv. Ans A`mhw am{X-a Zmcn{Zyw. Cmbva a\-ns\ _m[np-Xp-S-p-n-S-p-\n-mWv Zmcn{Zyw XpS-p--Xv. Atm
temIw apgp-h Xt-Xm--W-sa B{K-lw Abmfn P\npw. B{K-l-amWv Abmsf Zcn-{Z-\m-p--Xv. ]ns Abm
temI-Po-hn-X-n \S-p ]cn{ia- apgp-h, Fsms-bmtWm Xn\n-v A-\y-am-bn-cn-p-Xv AXn-s\sbmw Xt-Xm-p-Xn-\p-thn-bm-Wv. apgp-h \mK-cn-IBtm]tZiiXIw

92

X-bp-tSbpw hnI-k\w A-s\-sbmcp Zmcn-{Zy-n\n-mWv

\S--p--Xv. kpJw Xnc-bp--Xp-t]mepw temI-hn-jb--fnem-Wv.- A-Xns ImcWw, BZy-ta-Xs \mw temIs
\n\npw A\y-am-n-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. kmay-`-RvP-\n \nmWv A\y-Xz-_pn P\n-p--Xv.
A\y-Xz-ap- _pnsb Pbn-p-hm Htc-sbmcp hgn-tb-bpq. Rm ka-t_m-[-n-Xs\-d
- n-bp-I. Rm ]q-s\dn-bp-I. Rm \mi-an-m-h
- s\-dn-bp-I. Cs\ apdn-hnmsX Xs kmt_m[s Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUhnthIw Fp ]d-bp-X
- .v hnth-tImZbw Dm-bm hnj-bs
- sh-ja
- y-n\n-p- apn Xmt\
kw`-hn-p-sIm-pw. sshcmKyw _ew ]nSnp Dm-n-sb-SptX. kpJ-hk
- X
v p-hn-tev a\v N-en-p-t]m-Ip-Xv
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-W.v Fm hnthIw Dm-Ip-tm Fm kpJ-fp-tS-bpw \ntI-X\w Bm-hp-Xs
- -bm-sWv Ah Adnbp-p. Atm kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-bn-Xs Ah hnj-bh
- n-tcm[n-\nbmbn `hn-p-p. hntcm-[a
- n-m hntcm[n\n Fp a\n-em-W
- w. hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n\n Bssa{Xn-X-sbm-Wv.
kv{Xoenw-K-n-emWv hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n F ]Zw Kpcp
{]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv. ambm-in Fpw kvss{XW-am-Wv.
A\ybpw kabpw ambm-i-n-I-fm-Wv. AXn ka Bmhn-tep tNp in-bm-Wv. hnj-asb Pbn-p-Xv
Pohn-X-ns hnPbw IqSn-bm-sWv Hm-Ww. Xo{h-kwth-K-ap--hv hnPbw Bk--am-bn-cn-p-sav ]X-RvPen
aljn ]d-bp-p. AXn\v hnth-Im-`y-k\w XS--an-msX
sImp-t]m-tI--Xp-v. h-tmgpw am{Xw hnNmcw sNbvXm
B-km-m-Xvmcw e`n-p-I-bn-. AJ-WvU-hn-thIw
thWw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

93

38
]e-hn-[-am-b-dn-bp--X-\y-sbm-mbv
hne-kp-hXmw ka-sbp taen-temXpw
\ne-sb-b-dnp \nhp kmay-taepw
Ie-bn-e-enp Ien-cp-n-tS-Ww.

]e hn[-ambv Adn-bp-Xv
A\y
Hmbv hne-kp-hXmw
ka
Fv taen--temXpw

\nesb Adnv
\nhv

kmay-taepw Ie-bn
Aenv
Ien-cp-n-tSWw

Bm-hns\ ]e-Xmbn Adn-bp-Xv

A\y-bm-Wv.
kI-e-Xn-t\bpw Hmbn Adn-bp-Xv
ka-bmWv
CXns ASn-m-\-n C\n
hni-Zo-I-cn-m t]mIp
Xs \ne GsXp a\-n-emn
t_m[s A\y-bpsS ]nSn-bnpw
]mtS hnSp-hnv
A[n-jvTm-\-amb \Sp-\n-e-bn
kzbw Aen-p-tNv
B A\p-`q-Xn-bn Ftmgpw
Pohn-p-sIm-Ww.

\y Fm-sWpw ka Fm-sWpw \nhNn-p-XmWv Cu ]Zyw. Adnhv \m\m-Xz-n-tepw GI-Xzn-tepw Nen-p kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX
- m-W.v Adn-hns
Cu KXo-bX
- sb (dynamism) Hcp DZm-lc
- W
-
- n-eqsS a\-nem-mw. kqcy-civansb Hcp {]nkneqsS IS-n-hn-Sp-Ib
- msW-n AXv hb-e-v, CUn-tKm, q, {Ko, sbtm,
Hmdv, sdUv Fo k]vXh
- -fn NnX-dn-n-cn-bp-Xp
ImWmw. Fm k
- q-cy-ci
- a
v n-Isf Hcp ImN-n-eqsS (lens)
IS-n-hn-m AsXmcp _np-hn hp tI{o-Ic
- n-pXpw
ImWmw. {]Imiw ]ncn-p-\n-evp-tm AXns in

Btm]tZiiXIw

94

Ipd-bp--Ibpw ImN-n-epsS tI{o-Ic

- n-s
- -Sp-tm AtX
{]Im-iw-Xs GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-t\bpw Nps-cn-m
t]mcp in Bn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Adnhv Bmhn-tep tI{o-I-cn-p--Xns\ ka Fpw hnj-b-fntep NnX-dp-X
- ns\ A\y Fpw a\-n-em-W
- w. tI{oI-cn-Wsa-n Aap-Ja
- m-IW
- w. hnj-b
- f
- n imiz-Xambn tI{o-Ic
- n-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. hnj-b
- _lp-e
- fm-Wv. Adnhv _lnap-Ja
- m-Ip-tm ]e hnj-b
- f
- n-tev
NnX-dn-tm-Im-\p km[y-Xbpw IqSp-Xe
- m-Wv. Adnhv tI{oI-cn-p-tm [ym\hpw hntI-{o-Icn-p-tm t`mKhpw
Bbn-am-dp-p. [ym\w hynsb Pohap-\
- m-p-p.
]mm-Xy-Nn-I
- f
- n tIp-t]m-cp hnt-jWw (analysis) Adn-hns A\y F Xe-hp-ambn _-s-Xm-Wv.
Fm kwt-jWw (synthesis) Adn-hns ka F inbneqsSbm-Wv. Ch cn GsX-nepw Hn\p {]m[m\yw
sImSp-p-sIm-p- Hcp Pohn-Xh
- o-W
- s
- -b Kpcp hnIkn-n-s-Sp-p-X
- v. Chbvp cn\pw Ah-bp-tS-Xmb kmwKXy-ap-.v {]k-nbp-.v kasb D]-tbm-Kn-t-n-Sv kasb
D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw A\ysb D]-tbm-Kn-t-n-Sv A\ysb
D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw Adn-bp-h
- \
- mWv tbmKn. As\ cp
{[ph-t- fbpw Ipi-eX
- t- bm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-W
- s
- a-n \mw
\psS Dsb Hcp \Sp-\n-eb
- n \ndpt-Xp-v. AXn\p
\nesb AdnbWw. Bm-hp-Xs
- -bmWv Hcp-hs bYm
\ne. Bm-hn \ne-bp-d
- n-p-tm PohnXw GI-Xm-\hpw
ka-\zn-Xh
- p-am-Ip-p. a\-ns sIp-]m-Snp tamN-\a
- mWv
\nh-c. \Sp-\n-eb
- mWv kmay-taepw Ie. B Ie-bn Aenp-tNv AXm-bn-Xs
- -bn-cn-W
- w. ChnsS Zzzm-Xo-X\
- mbn-ocp tbmKn IXr-Xz--m-Xr-Xzt`mrXz tZmj-fn\n-smw hnap--\m-bn-cn-pw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

95

39
Acp-fnb in-IsfpSp cmw
]ncn-hn-h-bn ka-Xhn-ti-j-taIw
hncXn hcm hnj-am-hn-ti-j-sam-n
c-anh cp Xc-n-em-bn-Spp.
Acp-fnb
in-Isf XpSv
cmw ]ncnhv
Ch-bn
ka-X hntijw
GIw
hncXn hcm
hnj-am-hn-tijw
Hv
Ccw
cp Xc-n
Ch
Bbn-Spp

apI-fn ]d
cp in-Isf Xp-Sphcp
cp ]ncn-h-p-IIqSn Dv.
Cu ]ncn-hp-I-fn
ka-bpsS hnti-jw
GI-am-Wv.
F-a
A\y-bpsS hnti-jfmWvv
thsdmv.
Cs\
cp Xc-n-emWv
]ncn-hp-I
Bbn-cn-p--Xv.

a F in-sb-p-dnpw A\y F in-sb-pdnpw Hcp G-It- Z-i- hn-hc

- Ww Ign aqp ]Zy-f
- neqsS \In-g
- n-p. Ign ]Zy-n ka-tbbpw A\ytbbpw \n-h-Nn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Ahn-tSbpw Adn-hn-s\-pdn-p ]cym-temN\ Ah-km-\n-p-n-. Ipd-p-IqSn hym]vXnbn Adn-hns Cu in-Isfpdnv a\-n-em-t-X
- p-.v
kabvpw A\ybvpw kmam-\yw (generic) hnti-jw (specific)
F Xc-n hopw Hcp D]-hn-`P
- \w Bh-iy-ambn hn-cnp-p. kmam\yw Fm Fm-n-t\bpw Hn-s-Spv ]dbp--Xn-s\-bmWv. hnti-jw- F-m AXn- G-sX-nepw
Hns\ {]tXy-In-s-Spp ]d-bp-X
- n-s\-bm-W.v hmg FXv
Btm]tZiiXIw

96

Hcp kmam-\y-]Z- a- m-W.v ]qhhm-g, IZ-fn-hm-g, Ihmg Fnh

hnti-j-]-Z--fm-Wv. \nc- h [n hnti-j- tNmWv
kmam\yw Dm-Ip-X
- .v Fm Nne-tm kmam\yhpw hntij-am-bn-o-cm\nS-bp-.v hrw F kmam-\ys FSp-p-Ibm-sW-n At\-Ih
- r-
- f
- n HmWv hmg. Atm hmg
hnti-ja
- mbnocp-p. Fm kmam-\yfpsSbpw kam-\m-[nI-cW
- a
- m-bn-cn-p (common basis) HmWv Adnhv. Atm
kasb- kmam-\y-kahntijka Fpw A\y-sb-Xs
kmam\y A\yhntij- A\y Fpw ]ncn-p-]d
- t- b-n-hc
- pw.
kabvv Htcsbmcp hnti-j-ta-bp-q. ka Bm-hm-Wv.
Bm-hn\v At\-IX
- b
- n-. CXv Bm-hm-Wv, CXv Adn-hmWv
F hmIy-n CXv kmam-\yhpw Bmhv As-n
Adnhv hnti-j-hp-am-Wv. Fm hn+ka-bmb A\ybpsS
hnti-j
- hncXn hcm-X
- m-Wv, hncm-aa
- n-m-X
- m-Wv. {]]-nse \ma-cq-]--fpsS _mlp-eyw-t]m-se-Xs A\ybpsS hnti-j-i-n-Ifpw s]cp-In-s-cpIn hcpw. Hcp sNdnb
IoSs FSpp ]cn-tim-[n-m {ian-mXs \nc-h[n
Bhm-c
- h
- n-`m-K
- f
- n-tep \psS khn-tij{i ]Sp
]-en-p-Xp ImWmw. B[p-\n-Ii
- m-kv{X-n\v C{X-am{Xw
imJm-Nw-{I-a-W-{]-h-WX ssIh-Xv hnj-a-bmb Adn-hns
hnti-j-v hncm-a-an-m--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. AXp-sImmWv B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-n\v Adn-hns Imcy-n Hcp
Xon Fm Ign-bm--Xv. ka-bpsS hiv At\z-jW-n\v Xop-v. ka-bpsS hntijw GI-am-b-Xp-sImv
]c-a-km-m-Xvm-c-n \app ]qX e`n-p-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

97

40
ka-bnepa\y-bnepw kZm]n hn
a-cp-h-Xp--X-Xn hnti-j-in
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-ep-amsI cn-h-n
{`a-I-e-bm-e-Jnew {]ta-b-am-Ipw.

ka-bnepw A\y-bnepw

kZm]n
AX-Xn hnti-j-in

hnv Aa-cp-h-Xp-v
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-epw

BsI cn-h-n

{`-a-I-e-bm
AJn-ew
{]ta-b-am-Ipw

kao-I-cn-p Adn-hnepw A\yYm-I-cn-p Adn-hnepw

Fmbvtmgpw
kabvv ka-bpsS hnti-ji-nbpw A\ybvv A\y-bpsS
hnti-j-i-nbpw
HptNp \nm-dp-v.
hnti-ji
-
- n-I Fn-bm-sem-Spm-h
- b
- m-sW-nepw
BsI-IqSn t\m-n-bm Cu
cp ]ncn-hp-Ifp-tSbpw
{ZpX-N-e\w Imc-W-amWv
kIe temIhpw
Adn-hn\p hnj-bo-`-hnp-Xv.

cp hkvXp-hn-s\-p-dnp kmam-\y-ambpw hnti-j-ambpw

\ap--dn-bm Ign-bpw. kmam-\y-m-\-n Hcp GItZ-i-[m-c-Wtb Inp-I-bp-q. hnti-j-m-\-n hkvXphns\ kw_-n IrXy-amb Adn-hp-I e`n-p-p. Hcm
\tmSv sNSn In-ptm Fp tNmZn-p-I-bm-sW-n
\mw DS-s\-Xs Hcp adp-tNmZyw Atmp tNmZn-pw: ""GXp
sNSn?'' sNSn Hcp kmam-\y-m-\a
- m-Wv. B kmam-\y-n
At\Iw hnti-j\
- m-a
- D-S
- n-bn-cn-p-p-v. Atm
kqcy-Im-n-sSn In-ptm? Fp {]tXy-In-s-Spp
tNmZnm Abmv a\-n-em-Ipw. IrXy-amb Adnhv Abm
Btm]tZiiXIw

98

v e`n-p-p. CXp-t]mse Hcp Ipp hfp-hc

- p-tm
temIs kw_-n hnti-jm-\p`hsf kzmb-a
- m-phmthn-bmWv A-t\mSpw A-tbmSpw tNmZy- tNmZnp-X
- v. Hmtcm tNmZyhpw kmam-\y-n\npw hnti-j
s Is-m-\p At\z-j-W-am-Wv.
ka F Adn-hnepw A\y F Adn-hnepw Cs\
kmam\yw Fpw hntijw Fpw D cp ]ncn-hp-Isfn
Ign ]Zy-n kqNn-n-p-htm. hnti-j-i-n-I
Ftmgpw kmam-\y-tmSptNv hn-m-dp-v. Fn-bmsemSp-m Xc-n-ep- hnti-j
-- f
- mWv Hmtcm hkvXpm-\nepw Ccn-p-X
- v. Hcp ]qjv]s-Xs
- ]cn-tim[\bvv FSpp-t\m-p-tm Hcm-bncw tNmZy- B
]pjv]s kw_-np \ap--dn-bm B{K-l-ap-m-Ipw.
]qhns \ndw, aWw, BIr-Xn, PmXn F{X-Imew B ]qhv
Pohn-pw? AsX-s
- \-bmWv ]cm-KWw \S-p-X
- ?v Cs\
XpS-p tNmZy- Fn-bm-sem-Sp-m--Xm-Wv. kmam\y-n\pw hnti-j
- n\pw CS-bn Adnhv Gdn-am-dn-n-cn-bpp-v. \mw AX-dn-bm-dn-sp am{Xw. Hcp hv Nnd-IS- n-p-Xn-t\-m {ZpX-KX
- n-bn-emWv Adn-hns Cu {]{Inb \Sp-X
- v. Adn-hn \S-p `m\-hrn apJm-c-amWv temIn-ep-sXmw \apv {Kmly-am-bn-o-cp-X
- v. {]am-Xmhv,
{]tabw, {]a Ch aqpw tNmWv hnj-b
m-\
- nse
{Xn]p-Sn-I cq]-s-Sp-X
- v. {Xn]p-So-m\w {`a-am-Wv, AbYm-am-Wv. ASp cp tmI-n Cmcyw DZm-lc
- W-kl
- nXw Kpcp hy-am-p-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

99

41
"CXp IpS'sa--Xn-em-Zy-am"an-sX'-p
Xp hnjam "IpS'tam hnti-j-am-Ipw
aXn apX-emb atl-{-Pm-e-ap-m
hXn-\n-Xp-Xm Icp-shp In-tS-Ww.

CXp IpSw F-Xn

BZy-amw
"CXv' Fp--Xv
hnj-am
IpS-tam

hnti-j-am-Ipw
aXn apX-em-b
atl-{-Pm-ew
Dm-h-Xn-\v
CXp Xm

Icp-sh-v
In-tS-Ww

CXp IpSamIpp F hmIy-n

BZyw ]d
CXv F kh-\maw Dt-in-p-Xv
A\y-bpsS kmam-\ys-bmWv.
IpSw F hmp-sImv
Aam-p-Xv
A\y-bpsS hnti-jsbm-Wv..
_qn apX-emb -hr-n-I-fpsS
C{-Pmew t]msebp- {]Xo-Xn-I
Dm-Ip--Xn-\v
"CXv' F A\y-bpsS kmam-\yin-bmWv
Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fv
a\-n-em-n-sm--Ww.

Xp-hsc ]d A\y-bpsS kmam-\ywhntijw F

Xc-n-ep- {]h-\s \psS \nXy-Po-hn-Xn A\p-`-h-s-Sp Hcp ZrjvSm--n-eqsS Kpcp hyam-n--cn-I-bm-Wv. CXp IpSw, CXp ]Sw Fsms \mw
]d-bm-dp--tm. Cu hmIys \mw icn-bmbn A]-{K-Ynp
t\mn-bn-ptm? ""CXv'' Hcp \nt-i-I-kh-\m-a-am-Wv.
Fn-t\tbm \nt-in-p-I-bmWv ""CXv'' F ]Zw-sImv
sNp--Xv. Hcm \n-tfmSv ""CXv'' F hmp ]dp
\ndpp-I-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS Dn Hcp BImw
Btm]tZiiXIw

100

apn-\np-p-m-bn-cn-pw. B BImw-bvv ia\w hcp-Ww. AXp tNmZy-ambn ]pd-p-h-cpw. \mw tNmZnpw:

"CXv FmWv?' CXv F kmam-\y-m-\-n F-a
hnti- j - m- \ D- S - n- b n- c n- p- p- v . kmam\ym\w Ahy-a
- m-Wv. hnti-j
m\w hy-am-Wv. kmam\y-m\w kqtcym-Z-b-n\p app {]`mXw t]mse-bmWv. Zriy- Hp-wXs hy-ambn ImWp-I-bn-. Zriy Ccp-n-em-b-Xp-sImv Zriy- C Fp ]d-bm-\mhn-. hy-am-bn-n Ft ]d-bm-s\m-q. kqcy-\p-Zn-m
Zriy- hy-am-Ipw.
""CXv'' FXv Hcp Ahy-X
- b
- m-Wv. CXp IpS-am-Imw.
CXp aT-am-Imw, CXp ]S-am-Imw, CXp ]pm-Imw, CXp aebmImw...... Cs\ CXv F kmam-\y-n\nv F-a
hnti-j
m-\
- Dm-Imw. t_m[-n-emWv kv]jvSo-IcWw \S-t-X
- v. Ipp-f
- n \mw Cu kv]jvSo-Ic
- W
- amWv Dm-n-sm-Sp-p-X
- v. CXv F kmam-\y-t_m[w
temI-nse kI-e- \ma-cq-]--tfbpw K`w [cn-phncnp-p-v. Atm CXv Fp ]d-bp-Xv kh-n\pw Pw
sImSp-p P\-\n-bm-Wv. a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw
Cu A-c
- W
- h
- r-n-Ismw Icp-hm-bn-cn-p-Xpw CXv
B-Wv. A-c
- W
-
- f
- n A\p-`h
- c
- q-]
- n sXfn-bp \macq-]
- s
- fmw ambm-hy-hl
- n-X
- f
- m-Wv. Ah-bpsS bmYmyw
XXvme-tbvv am{Xta Dq. hyh-lm-cZ- i
- b
- n {]]w
Dsp tXmpw. kz]v\-ns anYymXzw DdapW-cptm t_m[y- s - S p- - X p- t ]mse m\w hcp- t m
m\nv {]]-hpw C{-Pm-ek
- a
- m-\a
- m-sWv t_m[y-sSpw. Cmcyw hfsc kqva-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\-n-em-t
XmWv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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42
"CZ-ad- n'sh-X
- n-em-Zy-am-"an-sX'p
Xp kaXs hnti-ja- mWp t_m[w
aXn apX-em-bh
- s- bms amdn ta kZv
KXn hcp-hm-\n-Xn-s\-`P
- n-n-tSWw.

CZw Adnhv F-Xn

BZy-amw
ka
Xs
hnti-ja- mWv
t_m[w
aXn- ap-X-em-b-h-sbms
amdn
ta
kZvKXn hcp-hm
CXns\
`Pn-n-tS-Ww

CXv Adn-hmWv F hmIy-n

CZw F-Xp-sIm--am-p-Xv
ka-bpsS kmam-\y-i
- n-sbbmWv.
kmam-\y-i-n-bmb ka-bpsS
hnti-j
m-\a- mWv
t_m[w Fp-Xv.
Ac-Whrn-Is- fms
Cm-Xmbn
Fm-n\pw D]-cnbp
Bkmm-Xvmcw hcp-hm
ka- F Adn-hns\
CS-hn-SmsX [ym\n-Ww.

Cu

tmI-n ka F Adn-hns insb DZm-lc-W-k-lnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. "CXv Adnhv'

F hmIy-n CXv F kmam-\yhpw Adnhv F hntijhpw tNn-cn-p-p. Ign DZm-l-cWwt]mse s]s
p a\-n-em-m Ign-bp Hcp DZm-lc
- W
- a
- CXv. ImcWw
[ym\m--I-amb a\-p-sImp am{Xta Cu hmIy-ns
As AXns kv]jvS-amb A-n {Kln-phm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Hmbn Adn-bp--XmWv ka. A-s\-bm-sW-n
ChnsS ]d-bp Adnhv Ht-bp-q. Rms\mcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWpp, i_vZs tIpp, aWs {Lm-Wn-p-p,
Btm]tZiiXIw

102

cks cpNn-p-p, kv]is A\p-`h

- n-pp. Ch-sbm
s Adn-hp-I-fm-Wv. Rm Hcp tdm-km-]qhns\ ImWpp
F hmIy-n Rm ImWp-h
- , ImWsSp hkvXphmb tdmkm-]pjv]w, Fsbpw tdmkm-]p-jv]-tbpw
tNp ImW- F {Inb C{Xbpw Imcy-sf hyht-Zndn-bp-hm Ign-b-Ww. Atm ImW, tI,
kv]in-, cpNn, Nnn- Chsbmw Adn-hns {- In-bmt`-Z
- f
- m-Wv. Ic-Wt- `-Z
- f
- mWv {In-bm-t`-Z
- f
- mbn hcp-Xv.
CXnse Adn-hns\ am{Xw \ GI-ambn Adn-b-Ww.
Htc-sbmcp Adn-hmWv ImgvN-bmbpw kv]i-ambpw Hs
hcp--Xv. C{n-b-hy-Xym-k-amWv Adn-hns\ \m\m-Xz-ap--Xmn-op--Xv. Adn-hns sFIys hnti-jn-s-Spv
a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-n _pn-bn kw`-hn-psIm-n-cn-p {`am--IX ]mtS \ontm-Ipw. ka kaoI-cn-p in-bm-Wv. inYn-e-i-n-bmb A\y-bn\npw
]pd-p-I-S-m kasb kam-{i-bn--Ww. A\y-bn\npw
]nSn-hn-Sp-hn-m-\p Bm-hns Ir]m-i-n-X-s-bmWv
ka. ZuXyw \nh-ln-p-I-gn-m ka Bm-hnXs
HSppw. Amhv am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-pw. NnZvkz-cq-]-amb
Adn-hn nX-{]-X ssIh-cpw. AXp-sImv Ftmgpw
F-dn-bp-tmgpw CX-dnhv...CX-dn-hv...CX-dnhv... Fv `Pn-psIm-n-cn--Ww. Fmw Adnhp am{Xw. Adn-hn \n-\yambn Hp-an-. Atm \appw kZvKXn hcpw. kZvKXn
tam-am-Wv. ZpxJ-n\npw _-\-n\n-p-ap
tamw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

103

43
{]IrXn ]nSnp Npg-nSpw {]Imcw
kpIr-Xn-It]mepatlm! Npg-n-Sp-p!
hnIrXn hnSp--Xn-\mbn the sNbvho
eIrXn ^em-{K-l-a--dn-n-tS-Ww.
{]IrXn
]nSn-pNpg-nSpw {]Imcw

kpIr-Xn-It]mepw
Atlm! Npg-n-Sp-p!

hnIrXn hnSp--Xn-\mbv
the sNbvhoe AIrXn

^em-{K-l-av

Adn-n-tSWw

{]Ir-Xn-bpsS
i-amb Npgn-bns]p Itc-dm\m-ImsX
km-k
- m-cn-It]mepw
\neInmsX \wXncn-bpXv
B-cyw-Xs!
I-_w hnp-In-p--Xn-\mbv
\njv{In-b-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv XtamKp-Wh
- n-\n-bmb AIr-Xn-bm-Wv.
hnln-X-I- ^te--IqSmsX sNpIbpw
kmn-cq-]-n hnpIbpw thWw.

{]

Ir-Xnsb \mw hyh-lmc-`m-j-bn ]d-bm-dp- An-e a\-n-em-t--Xv. {]m]-n-I-k--bn \Sp Fm {Inb-I-fp-tSbpw Npm ]nSn-p-Xv {]Ir-Xnbm-Wv. AsXmcp \nb-a-amWv. B \nb-as ewLn-p-hm
Ignbp-I-bn-. ewLn-m Cc-n-i-n-tbmsS AXp Xncn-Sn-pw. {]IrXn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw hyXy-kvX-am-sW-nepw
Fm- n- t \bpw Hcp hyh- - b n sImp- h - c p kmaRvPkyw {]Ir-Xn-bn BIth DWp hn-p-p-v.
B hyh-bvv [w FmWv ]d-bp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bn
Xs-bp- cp-Xc
- w ]nSn-he
- n-If
- p-v. Hv NnX-dn-s-dn-pt]m-Ip in. B i-n-bp-ambn XmZm-y-sv a\p-jy-\S- -ap-ff Fm Pohn-Ifpw he-bp-Ib
- mWv sNp-X
- v. Fm
Btm]tZiiXIw

104

[-ns am-n-eqsS [n-sb Adn-psIm-p

GIm--I-amb Hcp bm\-ap-v. AXp Pohn-Xs DZm-o-Icn-p--Xm-Wv. B hgn-b-neqsS kcn-p-tmgpw hopw
\s On{Z-i-n-I Bt-jn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AXmWv
hnIrXn. hnIr-Xn-bpsS ]nSn-bns]-m AXn\n-pw Ducntm-cm \njv{In-bX
- ztam Ae-kX
- tbm Ah-ew-_n-p-Ib
-
th-Xv. \njvIm-a-amb I-hym-]m-c-amWv th-Xv.
Nnev Fs-nepw ZpxJ-ap-m-hp-Ib
- m-sW-n Ah
ivaim-\s
- sh-cm-Kn-Is
- f-tmse Hpw sNmsX Hcn-Sp NSp-IqSn Ccn-pw. \njv{In-bXzw ]men-X
- p-sImv Ah-cpsS
ZpxJw Xocp-n-. imco-cn-I-am-b \njv{In-bXzwsImv am\kn-Ia
- mbn Ahv hnIr-Xn-bn\npw hnp-t]m-cm Ignbmdn. Hpw sNm-Xn-cnp-Xv AIr-Xn-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse
\nb- a - Fm Pohn- I fpw A\p- k - m\w sN- W w.
AXn\n-pw Hgnp-am-dm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. Zmln-p-h
-
shw IpSn- - W w. hni- p- - h Aw Ign- - W w.
CsXmw Bh-iy-f
- mWv. Pohn-p Pohn-Ismw Cu
Bh-iy- \nd-th-dp-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-thn Iw
sN-Ww. I- Rm sNpp F `mhw ]mSn-.
I-s
- fmw {]Ir-Xn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. Rm\mWv Iw sNp-sXp `mhn-p-I-bm-sW-n I--fpsS ^e-n
F\nv Imw-bpw kwKhpw Dm-Ipw. AXp _-\a
- m-Wv.
kpIr-Xn-It]mepw _-\-n\v ASn-s-Sp-p. \
I- sNp--h-cmWv kpIr-Xn-I. \n[-\-\\v hoSpm-n-sm-Sp-p-Xv \-bm-Wv. ]t "Rm' hoSp-mn
Zm\w \In F Nn \s _n-pw. AXp-sImv
{]Ir-Xn-bn\npw tamNn-Xcm-Im B{K-ln-p--h \
I-f
- psS IXr-Xz-n\npw tamNn-Xc
- m-IW
- w. Fnp
^te--bn-msX Iw sN-Ww. Atm {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
Iw hyn-bn-eqsS \nd-th-dsSp-p. \mw I-s
mw kmn-bm-bn- hn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.

Btm]tZiiXIw

105

44
]e-a-X-km-c-hp-ta-I-sap ]mcm
Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e--sc--t]mse
]e-hn-[-bpn ]dp ]ma-c-m
ce-hXp I-e-bm-X-an-tS-Ww.

]e-a-X-km-chpw

GIw
Fv ]mcmsX
De-In
Hcm-\-bn
A-sc--t]mse
]e-hn-[-bpn ]dv
]ma-c-m
Ae-hXp Iv

Ae-bmsX
Aan-tSWw

]eXmb- hyh-m-]nXa-X--fpsSsbmw kmcw

Hp-Xs- -bmWv.
CXp a\-n-em-msX
temI-n
Hcp B\sbn
A-m Xn-p--Xp-t]mse]e-am-Xn-cn-bp- hmZ- D-bnv
Adn-hn-m P\w
ey-t_m-[-an-msX Npn-n-cnbp--Xp-I-v
\mw Ah-sc-tmse Ae-bmsX
B-t_m-[-ns hy-X-bn
\ne-sIm-n-tS-Ww.

{X-sb{X aX--fmWv Cu `qap-J-p--Xv. t]sc-Spp

]d-bm-hp {]kn--amb aX-hn-`m-K- {InkvXp-a-Xw,
Cmw-a-Xw, lnp-a-Xw, PqX-a-Xw, _p-a-Xw, ssP\-a-Xw,
knp-a-Xw, jntm-a-Xw, Xmthm-a-Xw, I^yq-jnb aXw,
]mkn-aXw Ch-sb-m-am-Wv. Ch IqSm-sX-Xs [mcmfw
Ahm--c-a-X-hn`m-K--fp-v. Cu aX--sfms Fn-\p-thn-bmWv ChnsS kwm-]n-Xa
- m-bn-p-Xv? kam-[m-\
- n\p
thn-bm-Wv. Fm aX-fpw aptmp hbvp eyw
HpXs-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c Ht-bp-q As-n kXyw
Ht-bpq Fv Fm-hcpw ]d-bp-p. AtXm-sSm-w-Xs
Btm]tZiiXIw

106

aX-ns NqSp-Ipw A\p-jvTm-\-pw BNm-cpw {]Xy-n-ep- hyXym-k

- Ip-t]m-cp-papv. AXp-sImv kmam-\y-P\w A-em-n-em-bn-cn-p-Ib
- mWv. AXp Xom-\mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-X
- ,v ]e-aX
- k
- m-chpw GIw
Fv. Fm aX-f
- ptSbpw kmcw HmsW-v.
GsXmcp ey-n-te-mtWm aXw Dup--Xv, B
eyw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. AXmWv aX-ns kmcw. Fm
\Zn-Ifpw IS-enX-s-bmWv sNptNcp--Xv. GXp hgn-Ifn-eqsS k-cn-mepw Ah-km\w Cuiz-c-\nemWv \apv
ebnt-Xv. ]t, a\p-jycmin CX-dn-bm-dn-. B\sb
ImWmt]mb Ipcp-S-m-sc-tm-se-bmWv Chn-sS-bp- BfpI kwkm-cn-p--Xv. Hcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ Nqept]m-se-bm-sW-v. thsdmcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ ]\-Sn-t]mse-bm-sW-v. C\n-sbmcp Ipcp-S ]d-bp-p, B\ apdwt]m-se-bm-sW-v. Ipcp-S\v B\sb ImWm Ign-bn--tm?
Ah B\-bpsS Hmtcm Ah-b-h-s-bmWv ]nSn-p-t\m-nbXv. Ah Fn-t \nK-a\
- amWv Ah ]d-bp-X
- v. Fm
B\-sb Pohnsb apgp-h\
- mbpw Ahp ImWm Ignbn-. AXp-sImv Hmtcmtcm bpn-I ]dv Ah Xnp-p.
aX--fpsS Imcy-nepw Cu amXncn X- \Sp-Xv \ tIp-t]m-cm-dp-X
- m-Wv. Bbncw hj-an-cpp
Xn-mepw Hcp ]cn-lm-chpw Cu Xmn-I-mn-S-bn
Dm-Ip-hm- t]mIp-n-. A\p-`-h-m am{Xta X Ah-km-\n-p-I-bp-q. \mw AXp-sImv X-samw
Ah-km-\n-nv aX-ns kmcw A-cm-m-hn A\p-`hn-d
- n-bW
- w. AXp imn-bm-Wv.... AXv kam-[m-\a
- m-Wv... AXv
]q-Xb
- m-Wv...-AXv kvt\l-am-Wv... AXv B\-a
- m-Wv.... AXv
kzmX-{y-am-Wv... AXv kmtlm-Z-cy-am-Wv....

Btm]tZiiXIw

107

45
Hcp aX-a-\y\p \ny-sam-n-temXpw
Icp-h-]-cs IW-n-\q-\-amIpw
[c-bn-enXns cl-ky-sam-p-Xm-s\
dn-h-fhpw {`a-sa--dn-n-tS-Ww.

Hcp aXw A\y\p\nyw

Hn-temXpw Icp
A]-cs IW-n\v

Du\-amIpw
[c-bn
CXns clkyw

Hp-Xm
F Adn-h-fhpw
{`aw

Fv Adn-n-tSWw

Hcp aX-hn-izm-knv thsdmcp aX

hnizm-ks \ny-ambn tXmp-p.
Hcp aX-n ]dbp kXyw
asmcp aX-hn-izm-kn-bpsS hoW-n
hnI-e-am-Wv.
temI-n
aX--fp-sS-sbmw kmc-am-bn-cnp clkyw
Hp-Xs- -bm-Wv.
Cmcyw Adn-bp--Xp-hsc,
kzaX-hn-izmkhpw CX-c-a-X-\n-bpw
shdpw Nn-{`aw am{X-am-bn-cn-pw.
CXn- t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cn--Ww.

m aX-f
- p-tSbpw kmcw GI-am-sW-mWv Kpcp aptmp-hb
- vp aX-Zi-\
- ns A-m-cw. CXp ]d-bptmgpw ChnsS \ne-hn-en-cn-p aX-hy-h-lm-c-sf Kpcp
IW-n-se-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-n-. Hcp aX-hn-izm-knv thsdmcp
aX-hn-izm-knsb ]p-am-Wv. Xs hnizm-k-amWv icn, A]cs hnizmkw sXmWv Fsmcp [mc-Wb
- mWv Fm aXI-el
-
- pw bp-pw Imc-Wa
- m-bn-cn-p-X
- v. thsdmcp-hs aX-hnizm-k
- n Ak-ln-jW
v pX ]pep at\m`mhw Bim-ky-a
- . {InkvXp-aX
-
- n kz-\
- mb ]nXmhn-s\-bmWv kth-iz-c-\mbn ImWp--Xv. Cmw-a-X-n
Btm]tZiiXIw

108

Am-lp-hn-t\bpw PqX-aX
-
- n btlm-ht- bbpw ]c-tamX-\mb \mY-\mbn {]Ion-p-p. `mc-X
- n inh-t\bpw
hnjvWp-hn-t\bpw tZhn-tbbpw ]qPn-p- aX-hn-izmkfpv.
Chv ]c-kv]cw tNp Pohn-m Ftm Hcp {]bmkw-t]m-se-bmWv. Cmw-aX
-
- m-c akvPn-Znt]mbn \nkvIcn-p-p. {InkvXym\n ]n-bn t]mbn Ip_m\ \S-pp. lnphmIs t{X-n t]mbn {]mn-p-Ibpw
]qP-I \S-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu _mly-amb Pohn-X-{I-as aXambn sXn--cn-pt]m-cp Hcp P\X hfsc Ak-ln-jvWp-Xm-]qhw CX-c-aX-s Pohn-X-{I-a--tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-p ImgvN-bmWv
\mw ChnsS ImWp--Xv. Cu tmI-n a\p-jy-a-\-ns
Ielkz`m-hs FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-I-bmWv Kpcp sNp-Xv. aX--fp-sS-sbmw kmcw H-msW clkyw Adn-bp-Xp-hsc a\p-jy Imn-q-p Cu tIm{]m-b--sfmw
shdpw {`mm-sWv Xncn--dn-tb--Xm-bn-p-v. aX-c-lkyw
Adn-bp Hcm Hcp {kjvSm-hns Fm krjvSn-I-tfbpw
ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS ImWpw. Ah-tbmSv kvt\l-tm-tSbpw
lrZ-bm-\p-`mh-tm-tSbpw s]cp-am-dpw.
aX--fpsS sFIyw Zmi-\n-I-am-Wv. tIhew hnizm-kn am{Xw A[n-jvTn-X-a-. hnizm-k--fn Adn-hn-mbvabpw auVy-hp-ap-v. ]e-tmgpw m]n-X-XmXv-]-cy-ap
aX-kw-LS- \
- I
- aXm-\p-bm-bn-If
- n am-cn-IX \ne-\nnsm-p-t]m-Im t_m[-]qhw A-amb hnizm-ks
hfm {ian-pw. hnizm-k-n\npw hnth-I-ntepw m\-n-tepw hyn hf-tc-p--Xns Bhiy-I-X-sb-bmWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. aX-n\npw a\pjy-Xzhpw Poh-Im-cp-Wyhpw Hcn-epw \jvS-s-p-t]m-Im
]mSn-. aX-`n--X-I s]cp-Ip-Xv aX-km-c-n-ep A\`n--X-sIm-mWv Fv Adn-b-Ww.

Btm]tZiiXIw

109

46
s]mcpXp Pbn--X-km-y-sam-n-t\m-sSm
smcp aXhpw s]mcp-Xm-sem-Sp-p-hoe
]c-a-X-hmZn-bn-tXmn-SmsX ]mtg
s]mcp-Xp- s]m-en-n-Sp-sa _pn-th-Ww.

s]mcpXp Pbn-Xv

Akmyw
Hn-t\m-sSm-v
s]mcp-Xm
Hcp aXhpw
HSp-p-ho-e
]c-a-X-hmZn

CXv Hmn-SmsX ]mtg

s]mcpXp s]men-nSpw
F _pn thWw

bp-n-eqsS A\y-a-Xs
tXmev]n-m-sa-p-Xv
Akm-[y-am-Wv.
Atmpw Ctmpw
s]mcp-Xn-smv
Hcp aX-tbpw
Dq-e\w sNm Ign-bp-Ibn.
Xs aX-a-m aX--tfmsSms hntZz-j-ap--h
CXp a\-n-em-msX shdptX
s]mcpXn Xpe-p-t]mIpw
F shfn-hp-m-I-Ww.

Xw Pohn-X-n kam-[m-\hpw kvt\lhpw shfn-hpw

]Ip-sIm-Sp-m\p--Xm-Wv. GIo-I-c-W-ns hN\--fmWv aX-n-ep--Xv. B hN\w ssZh-ns GIXzs Dd-n-p-Xpw temI-Po-hnXw ssZth-b\p--cnv
\S-n- htc-Xm-sWpw t_m[y-s-Sp-p-XpamWv.
Cuiz-cs C ka-kvX-Po-h-Pm-e-fneq-tSbpw \nd-th-ds-Sp-tm `qan-bn kam-[m\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h-Wbpw. Fm a\p-jy ssZth-sb \nd-th-dm k-Xnm-dn-. Ah Ah-t-Xm-b kzm-ey-fpw ImgvNm-Sp-Ifpw sa\-s-Spv AXn-eqsS Ahs Hcp Imev]\nI-temIw krjvSn-m {ian-pIbmWv sNp--Xv. ABtm]tZiiXIw

110

s\-bmWv Ctm \ne-hnep bmYm-n-Xn-I-a-X--fn

]nSn-hm-in-Ifpw ZpximTy-fpw Ib-dn-q-Sm CS-bm-b-Xv.
am{X-a-, aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS Fw hn-p--Xn-\-\p-kcnv aX-ns in hn-p-sa-p- sXmb Hcp
[mcW kaq- l - a - \ - n- e p- v . A- s \- b mWv aX-
kwLSn-X-am-Im XpS-n-b-Xv.
kwL-Sn-X-aXw `qan-bn A[n-Im-c-n\pw A[o-i-Xzn\pw thn CX-c-a-X-sc ]mtS Dq-e\w sNm
{ian-n-p-Xpw {ian-p--Xp-amb Ncn{Xw \app ]cnNn-X-am-Wv. bqtdm-n Dmb Ipcn-ip-bp--fpw ZntW-y-bn ssihcpw sshjvW-hcpw Xn-ep t]mcm-fpw aX-ns A{I-tam-p-I-a-t\m-`m-hs shfn-hmp- - X m- W v . CX- c - a - X m- \ p- b m- b n- I sf sImp- - X n- e qsS
X-fpsS aX-n\p Pbnmw Fp-- Nnm-K-Xn-bn
aX-Xz-n\v \nc-m Hcp sshcp-yv.
ssZhw kvt\l-am-sWp ]d-bp-Ibpw, B kvt\ls
\ntj-[n-p bp--fn aXw Gs-Sp-Ibpw sNp-Xv
aqey-h-mb PohnXw \bn-m-\m-{K-ln-p a\p-jyv
kwL-Sn-X-a-X--tfmSp-Xs ]pw tXmp-hm CS-bm-nbn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. bYm-aXw kwL-Sn-Xtam hyh-m-]nXtam A. AXv a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw Xn-ep-ff {]W-bm\zn-X-amb Pohn-X-am-Wv. AhnsS A\p-`-h-km-{-na-bpsS Hcp
sFIyapv. B sFIyw ]c-am-mZ-Ic
- a
- m-Wv. CsXmpw AdnbmsX ]c-kv]cw a-Snp Nmhp sXcp-hp-\m-bvsf-tmse
aXm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aX-h-m-fpw Cu temI-n s]cpam-dp-Xv Gsd IjvS-amWv! Aev]w Dsh-fn--ap-h Cs\-bp- t]mc-Sn-p aXXo{h-Xsb t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibn-. aXw-am--ns ]nn-ep a\x-im-kv{Xhpw am-cnIX Xs-bm-Wv. aX- X-n ]c-kv]cw a\-n-emm\mWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. Ie-ln-m-\-.

Btm]tZiiXIw

111

47
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn-p-c--sX-m
hcp-anXp hmZn-I-fm-cp-tamp-hoe
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn ]WvUn-X-m
cdn-bp-an-Xns cl-ky-an--ti-jw.

Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xnv
Fm-hcpw
Dc-X
- v
CXv

hmZn-If
- mcpw
Hmp-hoe
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn-

]WvUn-X-m
CXns clkyw

Cv Ati-jw
Adnbpw

ChnsS Hcp aXw am{Xta thq.

Fm aX--fnse Bfp-Ifpw
CXmWv ]d-bp-Xv.
B aXw X-fpsS aX-am-bn-cn-Ww
FXnse s]mcp--tSv
aX-hm-Zn-If
- m-cpw-Xs
Hmp--tX-bn-.
ap aX-s-Xnsc hmZ-hn-hm-Z-sfmpw Cm
m\n-I
aX-hm-Z--fpsS ]nnse Am-c hn-lo-\-X-bpsS anYymXzw
ChnsS ]q-ambn
Adn-bp-p.

tem

I-n Htc-sbmcp aXta thq. Atm Ie-l-sfmw Xocpw. CXp ]d-bp--hsc kqn--Ww.
Ah-cpsS a\-n-en-cnv XfpsS aX-am-bn-cn-Ww B aXw
Fm-Wv. Hcp lnp-hns B{Klw, Xs aX-amWv temIn \ne-\n-t-Xv Fm-Wv. Fm Hcp {InkvXym\ntbm apkamt\m Nnn-p-tm Ah-cpsS aX-n-\mWv
B alna Nmn-sIm-Sp-p-X
- v. AXp-sImv aX-ku-lmfpw apw Bfp-I kwL-Sn-n-p-tm AXn-sems
Btm]tZiiXIw

112

Hfn-n-cn-p Iptd \nc-I-X-I-fp-v. kulmw ]dbp--h-cmcpwXs Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hm-inIfpsS tcmKm-Xp-camIpwhn[w Ddpt]mb NphSv amnhbvm Xm-d-. Ahc-h-cpsS aXw Ah-c-hv {]nb-s-Xv Xs-bmWv. ]t,
temI-Po-hn-X-n a\p-jy ]ckv]cw _-sp Pohntnhcp-tm aX-Po-hn-X-nse sshIm-cn-I-X-I-fp-ambn
Adntm Adn-bm-sXtbm Dc-k-ep-I Dm-Im-dp-v. sNdnsbmcp Xosmcn Bbn-cnpw BZyw {]I-S-am-hp-I. ]ns,
AXv Bfn-n-Sn-pw. `oI-c-amb \c-ta[--fn-tephsc aXkw-Lj- Fn-s-Sp-Xv \mw Znh-tk\ Ip-sImn-cn-p \-k-Xy--fm-Wv. kza-Xm-k-nbpw ]c-a-X-\nbpw hy--fm-Wv. aXs ]pd-ta-\np t\mn-m-Wptm-gmWv hmZ- P\n-p--Xv. aX-ns ckm-\p-`qXn
Bkz-Zn--h\v X--fn-. Ah Fm aX-fp-tSbpw
Xz-]-c-amb GIX a\-n-em-p-p. aX-hm-Zn-Iv A\ya-X-\n-cm-I-cWn\p- X{Xm-Sn Imcp-Wyhpw kvt\l
hpw hn-tm-Ip-p. Xs aX-tm-Sp sshIm-cn-I-Xo-{hX
\nanw aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-bmbn Ah amdp-p. aX-ns
Dmcw ]Ip-sIm-Sp-m\p {]m]vXn-bn-m ]utcmln-Xy-amWv aX-hm-Z-n\v hfw-h-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv.
ssZhw GI-am-sWpw Cu {]]-
- n-ep- Fmw ssZhkr-jvSn-I-fm-sWpw A-cm-m-hn A\p-`-hn--dn-bp
m\n-I aX-hn-tZz-j-an-msX am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h
sFIy-tbpw {]_-e-s-Sp-p I--fn-eqsS aX-Pohn-Xs Bhn-jvI-cn-m-dp-v. Ah-sc-bmWv ]WvUn-X-m
Fp Kpcp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p--Xv. ]WvUnXm ka-ZinI-fm-Wv. Bm-\p-`-hn-I-fp-am-Wv. Ah ssZhs icn-bmbn
Adn-bp-Ibpw AXp shfn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahp
am{Xta aX-I-e-l--fn-msX aX-ns A-k {]Imin-n-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q.

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113

48
X\p-hn-e-a icocn, Xs km
X\p-hn-e-sX-s-Xn-sX-s-sXp khw
X\p-X-sbm-gnp [cn-n-Spp kmm
e\p-`-h-im-en-I-fm-an-tXmn-emcpw.

X\p-hn Aa
icocn
Xs
km-X-\p-hn
AXv F-tXv
CXv FtXv
Fv
khw
X\p-X-sbm-gnv
[cn-n-Spp
CtXmn
Bcpw
kmm
A\p-`-h-im-en-Ifmw

icoc-hp-ambn XmZmys
Poh
Xs
B-k--bn
AXpw Ft-XmWv
CXpw Ft-XmWv
Fns\
Fm-n-t\bpw
aa-X-bn-msX
kmm-XvI-cnpp.
Cmcyw t_m[ysm
GsXm-cmfpw
{]Xy--n
A\p-`-h-im-en-I-fmIpp.

l-m-c-amWv _-\w. Al-m-c-n\n-p hnSpX-emWv kmm-Xvm-cw. ""Rm ico-c-amWv'' F

_pn- b mWv \ssbmw _n- n- p Almcw.
Am\w \nan--amWv \n B-t_m[w {]Im-in-mXn-cn-p-X
- v. ico-c
- ns ]cn-an-Xa
- mb AkvXn-Xb
- n Rm
Fs kzXzs a\-n-em-p-tm Rm\-m \nc-h[n
ico-c-v _lp-e-amb AkvXnX \mw A\p-h-Zn-p-sImSp-p-p. Ah-sbmpw Rm\-. Rm\-m--h-tbmSv F\nv
BIj-Whpw hnIj-Whpw Nne-tm DZm-ko-\-Xbpw
Btm]tZiiXIw

114

tXmmw. _lpXzw ZpxJ-am-Wv. ZpxJw Am-\-P-\y-am-Wv.

Fm Cu Am-\-n\npw \app ]pd-p-I-S-phm Kpcp Hcp hgn ]dpX-cp-p. Cu hniz-nse kIe
Ncm-N-c--tfbpw Hcp-h Xs D-bn tN-dn-bp-I-bmsW-n Abm Bm\nbmbn amdp-p. Abm
Hpw-Xs Xn\npw A\y-ambn A\p`-hn-p-n-.
BIm-inepw A-cn-nepw `qanbnepsamw Fs
D A-cy-man-bmbn hnp-p. Rm Fm-nepw Fmw
Fnepw hkn-p-p. Fsm-s-bptm AsXmw FtXm-Wv. FtXp am{X-a AsXmw Rm Xs-bm-Wv. C
s\ GIm-I
- a
- mb Hc-dn-hp-m-IW
- s
- a-n Fnse aa-Xmt_m[w Hgn-p-t]m-I-Ww. X\pX Hgn-b-Ww. Bm-\p-`-hnI-fm-Im C{X-bpw sNbvXm aXn. Fm-n-t\bpw lrZ-bn ]pIp-I. Atm hnizw apgp-h\pw \s Bt-jnpw. Al-m-c-ns kzIm-cy-K-lz-c--fn \npw ]pdp-I-S-p-I. hniz-ns D-bn Aen-p-tN-cp-I. AXncp-I-fn-m-Xm-Ip--XmWv B\-w. Cs\ Pohn-Xs Adnbp Bcpw kmm A\p-`-h-im-en-IX-s. Hcn-
Ck F sslq Ihn {]`m-X-k-hm-cn-v C-d-n-b-tm
ap s]p-p-m-bn-cp-p. Ihn-bpsS apf-smnbn lna
[qfn-I AS-cp-I-fmbn Ipan-p. Atm Ihn sXmn bn
hnc-tem-SnpsImv Hcp Ipp-I-hnX sNmn.
When I think of it
As my snow, how light it is
On my bamboo hat.

Fs apfwsXmn-bn Ipan lna-hjs ""Fs

s]mSn-av'' F\p`hnp-tm CXn-s\mcp `mc-hp-antm! CXmWv X\pX Hgnp [cn-n-Sp hgn. Fmw
Ft-sXp Icp-Xp-I. t`Z-_pn CmsX Fm-nepw kzw
D Zin-p-I. kzw Ipv Abvv `mc-am-Im--Xpt]m-se.
Btm]tZiiXIw

115

49
AJn-e-cp-am--kp-J-n-\mbv {]b-Xv\wk-I-e-hp-anp kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp-pP-K-Xn-bn-en--X-ta-I-sap Nnn
L-aW
- b
- m-XI
- X
- m-ca- n-tS-Ww.

AJn-ecpw
B-kp-J-n-\mbv
{]bXv\w
kI-ehpw Cp
kZm]n sNbvXn-Spp
PK-Xn-bn
CXw
GIw
Fp Nnnv
AL-aW
- b
- msX
AI-Xm
Aan-tSWw

Fm-hcpw
B-kp-J-n-\p-th-nI-
Fm-hn-[-nepw ChnsS
Ftmgpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
temI-n
B-kp-Jm-t\z-jWw F aXw
Hp- am{X-ta-bp-q.
Cu Nnsb Dun-bp-d-nv
Zqjy-Nn--I-fn AI-s-SmsX
A-cw-Ks
Bm-hn-e-an hbvWw.

m-hcpw Ifn hym]r-X-cm-Ip-Xv kpJ-n-\pth-n-bm-Wv. ZpxJw Hgn-hm-m-\p {iaw-t]mepw

kpJm-t\z-j-Wns `mK-am-Wv. kpJw thW-sa Imcyn Bpw Hcp Xhpan. lnp-hm-bmepw {InkvXym\n-bm-bmepw apnambmepw kpJw thWw. sImSnb ]oU-\fpw bmX-\-Ifpw A\p-`-hnv Hcp-h\pw Hcp aX-ntbpw
A\p-`m-hn-bm-hp-I-bn-. Ah kpJ-ap- aX-n-tep
t]mIpw. tZim-S\
- ]
-
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m-t`Zw Dm-Ip-tm
hnZq-c--fn-tep ]d-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se.... -F-n-\m-Wh
]d-p-t]m-Ip-Xv? kpJw thWw. a\p-jy X-an-msX
Hn-p Hcp kXy-am-WnXv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp ]pXnb
Btm]tZiiXIw

116

Hcp aXs m]n-pI-b sNbvX-Xv. aX-ns ImXemb Xzs Ghpw a\-n-em-Ip coXn-bn FgpXn--cn-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ]e-a-X-km-chpw GIw FXv
Hcp ka-\z-b-a-{-am-Wv. Bm-hn aX-km-cs kvt\lambn kv]in--dn-b-Ww. lrZ-b-n Imcp-Wy-ambn aXkmcw hgn-sm-gp-I-Ww.
Aev]-t\cw izmk-X-Sw Dm-bm aXn \ hnnsSpw. {]mW XS-bs
- -Sp-Xv kpJ-ns \ntj-[a
- m-W.v
kzmX-{yhpw kpJhpw Hn-mWv hn-p-X
- .v Cy-bn
am{X-a
- , Fm cmjv{S-f
- n-ep- P\-fpw kpJm-t\z-jn-I
Xs-bm-Wv. GXp Xc-n-ep- kpJ-amWv th-Xv? \nXyamb kpJw. AXp Is-p-X
- p-hsc AXnepw CXn-ep-sams
kpJw s\mn-\p-Wv \S-pw. ]t, B-kpJw am{X-amWv
]q-kp-Ja
- m-bn-cn-p-X
- .v Fm bm{X-Ifpw Fm At\z-jW-fpw, Fm Ne-\
- fpw, Fm t{]c-WI
- fpw Bm-hn-tep-X
- m-Wv. temI-n Cu aXw As-n A`n-{]mbw
GI-am-sWv a\-n-em-W
- w. Cu Xzw a\-n-em-n-bnv
kzm-Xs
- Imv Zqjn-Xa
- m-ImsX a\-ns\ Bm-\
-
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hne-bn-n-W
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apotam Bbn-cn-p-Ib
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Am-lphpw {InkvXphpw IrjvW\pw Bm-hn-emWv Hmbn-cn-p-X
- v. Bm-hn B\-k
- z-cq-]n-If
- mbn Ch hnp- t m aX- I - e - l - Dm- h p- I - b n- . a\p- j y- \ n
kvt\lhpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw Xzmh-t_m-[a
- n-msX P\np-Ib
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A\p-`h
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sISp-n-f
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ImWp-p.
Btm]tZiiXIw

117

50
\ne-samSp \oc-Xp-t]mse Imp Xobpw
shfn-bp-a-lw-IrXn hnZybpw a\pw
Ae-I-fp-am-gn-bp-sa-p-th--sbm
hpe-Ip-ap-b-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p.
\ne-samSv
\ocv AXp-t]mse
Imv
Xobpw
shfnbpw
Alw-IrXn
hnZybpw
a\pw
Ae-Ifpw
Bgnbpw
Fp th
Fm DeIpw
Dbv
Adn-hmbn
amdn-Spp

`qan- XpSn
AXp-t]mse Pew
hmbp
An
BIm-iw-h-sc-bp- ]-`q-X-fpw
Alw-Im-chpw
_pnbpw
a\pw
Xnc-Ifpw
ISepw
am{X-a
Fm temIhpw
hnIm-kw -{]m-]nv
]c-am-m\p`hambn
amdpp.

tm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-ns ay-`m-Kp hcp Cu

tmI-n {]-bpsS hnImk]cn-Wm-as Kpcp
FSp-p-Im-Wn-p-p. qe-n A`n-ca
- n-n-cp a\p-jy
qeshnv kqva
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qe-nse B\w Xphpw ss\an-jn-Ih
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Xncn-d
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-
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]Wn-sb-Spv an\npw Inp--Xp-am{Xw Xnp Pohnp a\p-jy Aev]w-IqSn kqva`q-Xa
- mb Pe-X
- zs

Btm]tZiiXIw

118

Adn-bp-Ibpw Ipd-p-IqSn kqva-`q-X-amb An-X-zs

Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns hmbp-X-zs Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns
kh-hym-]n-bm-b BIm-it- mfw hnI-kn-Xa
- m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw
sNp-p. qe-n\npw kqva-n-tev Db
Xs ksb Adn-bp--Xp-X-s-bmWv {]m-]-cn-Wmaw. Adn-hmWv Hcp-hs \nP-kz-cq-]w. ]-`q-X-fpw Ax-c-W-fpw Adn-hns kmm-Xvm-c-n\v XS-hpw
adbpw krjvSnp-p. Rm ]rYzn-b-, Pe-a-, tXP--,
hmbp-h-, BIm-i-a-, A--c-W--f-, _lp-e--fmb
\ma-cq-]--f Fv Xp-am-b-Xns\ \ncm-I-cn-p-tm Ahkm\w \ncm-I-cn-p-hm Ign-bm--hn[w A\n-tj-[y-amb
AkvXn-Xb
- p kXy-amb Rm Ah-ti-jn-p-p. B Rm
Bm-hm-Ip-p, Adn-hm-Ip-p. \ncm-I-c-W-ns amw
Aev]w Zpjvc
- amWv. am{X-a
- , sXfn hnth-I
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i-amb sshcm-Ky-n-tbpw ]n_ew B am-n\v
Bh-iy-ap-p-Xm-\pw.
Fm am{Xta Xs \nP-kz-cq]s Al-m-aa
- X
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- n-n-epI-fn\npw a\ns \qem-am-e-I-fn\npw Hs hnap--amm\m-hpIbp-q. ISX-s-bmWv Xnc. IS kmam-\y-amWv. Xnc
hnti-j-hpw. kmam-\y-n At\Iw hnti-j- AS-nbn-cn-pw. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-ambn F-a Xnc-I IS-cn B-etmw.. B Xnc-If
- n-epw IS-enepw D-bmbn-cn-pXv Pe-am-Wv. \ma-cq-]m-I
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Adn-hns tIh-e-kz-cq-]-X-bn\npw- Ddp hcp AarXXcw-K--fm-Wv. Ah Adn-hnXs ASp-p. CXmWv
Pohn-X
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Btm]tZiiXIw

119

51
Adn-hn-en-cp-sm-c-lbmZy-ap-m-bv
hcp-an-Xn-t\m-sSm-cn-Z hma-bmbpw
hcp-anh cp-e-]-t]mse ambm
ac-a-Jnew ad-sb--Sn-Sp-p.

Adn-hn-en-cpv
Hcp Al
BZyw Dmbv hcpw
CXn-t\mSv
Hcp CZ
hma-bmbpw hcpw
Ch
cp De-]-t]mse
ambm-acw
AJnew adsb
]Sn-Spp

A[njvTm-\-amb Adn-hn-\nv
Hcp Alwt_m[w
BZyw apf-s]m-pw.
Al--bpsSIqsS
Hcp {]m]-n-I-t_m-[hpw
Al-p ]cn-]q-cI
- a- mbn Dm-Ipw.
Cu Al-bpw CZ-bpw
cp hn--It]mse
ambbmIp -acw
Adn-hns\ ad-p-sImv
]Sp-]--en-pp.

\mw

Adn-hm-W.v Adnhp am{X-am-W.v Adn-h

- msX cm-asXmcp k \ap-n-. Adnhv A[n-jvTm-\hpw kzcq]-hp-am-Wv. Fm Cu Xzw \mw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cu adhnbvv Imc-W-amb ambm-X-z-ns kz`m-hs Kpcp
ChnsS kpXcmw hy-am-p-p. A[n-jT
v m-\a
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kI-eX
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{]]-P
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- n mXr-Xzhpw IXr-Xz-hpw t`mrXzhpw AS-n-bn-p-.v Al Poh-\m-Wv. Poh ico-chpw
a\-p-ambn XmZm-ysv kzbw ]cn-an-X\pw Aev]-\p-amsWv apV-ambn hniz-kn-p-p; A]q-\m-sWv AmBtm]tZiiXIw

120

\-m hniz-kn-p-p. Pohs Bh-iy-sf ]cn-]q-cWw

sNm-\m-bmWv {]]w hnc-Nn-Xa
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CZ FmWv ]d-bp-Xv. CXv C-Xm-Ipp Fv thZnn-p--XmWv CZ-. CXv ]{Xw, CXv Nn{Xw, CXv acw, CXv
\Zn Fv shfn-s-Sp-p-X
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Ime-tZ-i-kw-bp--am-Wv.
Al-bpw CZ-bpw ]c-k]
v c
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Adn-hns \ncp-]m-[n-Iamb tIh-eX
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ad-p-sIm-mWv ]Sp ]-en-n-cn-p-X
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hmWv, Adn-hm-Wv. Hcp achpw AXns\ s]mXn-p-\n-evp
hn-IfptSbpw Nn{XWw ambm-k-`-n HuNn-Xy-]qam-Wv. achpw hn-Ifpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv amb-bpsS {]XoI--fm-Wv. ambm-a-c-nse Al-bpw CZ-bpw BIp
hn-I m\-kz-cq-]s ad-psImmWv Xg-p-h-f-cp-Xv. ambmacw Bh-c-W-i-nbmWv. hn-I hnt-]-in-bpw. ambm-acw Adn-hns {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-Xsb ad-bv-ptm hn-bnse F-a Ce-I Bbn-c--W-n\p
t]cpw BIm-chpw {]Xn-`bpambn Pohs\ tamln-n-p-p.
B-hn-kva-c-W-ns aqe-Im-cWw thZn-n-p Cu
tmIw [ym\n-p-d-n-mte {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns Xzmh-X-c-W-ns coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) \app a\-nem-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. kXyw Ht-bp-p. AXv Adnhv
am{Xw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

121

52
[z\n-a-b-ambvKK\w Pzen-p-a-m
fW-bp-a-Xn--e-ti-j-Zr-iy-Pmew
]p\-ch
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kz\-hp-a-S-p-anSw kzbw{]Imiw!
[z\n-a-b-ambv
KK\w
Pzenpw

Am AXn-
Ati-jZ- r-iy-Pmew
AWbpw
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{Xn]p-Snv
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kz\hpw
ASpw
CSw
kzbw {]Imiw

{]W-h-[z\n \nd-p Xqhn

Bm-Imiw
shfn--ns \nd-IS-embn
Pzenpw
Cu A\p-`-hm-ar-X-e-l-cn-bn
apgp-h \ma-cq-]m-I
- Zriyfpw
sIp-t]m-Ipw.
]ns AhnsS
Adnhv aqmbn ]ncn-v
{]I-S-am-Ip
i_vZhpw
AS-pw.
B CSw
kzbwtPym-Xn-kz-cp-]-amb
Bm-Imiw- X-s-bm-Wv.

{]

Xy-n-ep- Aw ]d-m Cu tmI-ns

apgp-h ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw s]men-p-t]m-Ipw. A\p-`qXn-k---\mb Hcp tbmKn-bpsS lrZ-b-I-a-e-n Dt
n-cn-p {]W-h[
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Ign-bpIbn. Fs-m {]Whw kwKo-X-ns kwKoX-hpw A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS \nd-hp-am-Wv. AtXm-sSmw B kwKoXw
au\-n-s au\-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. au\s hn\n-abw sNm\p am[y-a-ambn `mj C\nbpw hnI-kn-n-n-. Kpcp-hns
`mj ann- Xe-ntev ]cn-hn-p-Xv Cu tmIn ImWm-\m-Ipw. KK-\hpw [z\nbpw tafn-p- A\p-`qBtm]tZiiXIw

122

Xn- bpn-Nn--bv-[o-\-a-. Fm bpn-Ifpw Bm-\p-`qXn-bpsS ljmXn-tc-I-n \njv{]-`hpw \ncm-[m-c-hp-ambn-o-cpw. imkv{Xo-b-amb `mj Ihn-X-bn-tev sXn-tmIp-Xv Cu \nhr-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
[z\nsb i_vZho-Nn-bm-bn-mWv \mw Adn-bp-X
- v. i_vZ
hoNn ]pd-ta-\npw tIp-X
-
- . B-KK
- \
-
- ns A\hn-im-eX
- b
- n Pmz-ey-am-\a
- mbn \nd-p-hgn-bp-XmWv B
{]W-h-\n-\Zw. Ccp-fn-a-bpsS Hcp sNdp-]mSp-t]mepw AXn
Xn-\n-evp-n-. \mw Adn-Xpw Adnbm-\n-cn-p--Xpamb Fm temIm-\p-`-h-fpw Cu ]obq-j-hjm-h-en-bn
apn-tm-Ipw. Rm B\-n-p--h- Ftm CsXmw
Fs {]nb-hn-j-b- Ftm ]d-bm AhnsS \mhp
s]mp-I-bn-. Adnhv ]ncnv {Xn]p-Sn-IfmIp- eoem-hnem-khpw HSp-pw. temIm-\p-`-h--fn am{Xta {Xn]p-SnIp m\-ap-q. Aeu-In-I-amb \mZ-[m-c-bn {Xn]p-SnIp kv^qn \evIp kz\hpw a{-a-[p-c-ambn ebnp-tN-cpw. {Xn]p-Sn-Iv Imc-W-am-b i_vZw {]W-h-km-{amb kwKo-X-ambn amdpI-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Bm-Imiw apgp-h
kzbta shn-n-f-p-p. AI]p-d--fn-m-sX. samgn-am-dm\m-Im clkyw amkvac
- n-Ia
- mb _nw_m-tbm-P\
-
- f
- n-eqsS,
A\ym-Zr-i-amb cN-\m-]m-S-h-tmsS Kpcp Cu tmI-n
hn\y-kn-n-cn-p-p. tbmKn-{]-h-c-\mb Kpcp-hns kK-Ipi-e-Xsb A-c-tmsSbpw B-cy-]c-X-tbmsSbpw am{Xta
t\mn-m-Wm Ign-bp-I-bp-q.

Btm]tZiiXIw

123

53
CXn-se-gp-am-Zn-a-i-n-bnp ImWp
nXp kIew s]dpamZn-_o-P-am-Ipw
aXn-b-Xn-emn ad-n-SmsX ambm
aXn-b-dp-hm a\\w XpSn-tS-Ww.
CXn-segpw

BZn-a-in
Cp ImWp

CXp kIew
s]dpw
BZn-_oPw BIpw
aXn AXn-emn

ad-n-SmsX
ambm-aXn Adp-hm

a\\w XpS-n-tSWw

kzbw-{]-Im-in-X-amb Cu Adnhn\npw Bhn`-hn-p

BZn-a-amb in
ChnsS \ma-cq-]m--I-ambn
ImWsSp
kakvX PK-n-t\bpw
{]k-hn-p
BZn-a-amb _oP-am-Wv.
hnjb_pnsb B BZn-a-
_o-P-n Dd-n-p-\nn
Bkz-cq-]s ad-msX
amb- sImph {`a_pn
Ah-km-\n-p--Xn-\p-thn
XpS-bmbn a\\w sNWw.

dnhv \nt-jvS-a-. AXp kzbta {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cnp-XmWv. {]Im-in-pI Fm {Inbm--I-amIpIbm-Wv. {Inb sN-W-sa-n in thWw. Adn-hnXs kl-P-amb Hcp in-bncn-pp-v. B in-bpsS
BthKw sImmWv {]]--n-ep-ff Fmw Ncn-p-sImn-cnp--Xv. Cu BZn-a-i-nsb {]]--ns BZn-Imc-W-ambn `mc-Xo-b -Ejn-am Fn-tm-cp-p. CXp kI-en\pw A-bm-Wv. Cu A-bmWv {]]-s {]k-hnp-X
- v. kIews]dpw BZn-_oPw FmWv Kpcp CXns\
]d-bp-X
- .v Cu BZn-am-Xm-hn _pnsb Dd-n-W
- w. AsXmcp
Btm]tZiiXIw

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ka-W-am-Wv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns `nZi\w Cs\-bm-Wv. AXv BZn-_o-Pm-\p-k-m-\-am-Wv. \manhnsS Imnq-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp `n-b AXv. BZn-P-\-\nsb Hcp
\nizm-k-nt]mepw ad-msX Hm-n-cn-p `n-bmW-Xv. Kpcp-hns `n-Zi-\-n \h-hn-[-`-n-bnse kvacW-n\v {]Y-a-m\w ssIh-cp-p. \mw HmtXv hnjb-s-b-, hnj-bm-[n-jvTm-\-s-bm-Wv. GsXmcp t{kmXn\n-mtWm {]]--ns Dev]-nbpw nXnbpw
ebhpw Dm-Ip-Xv B Dd-hn-S-n a\-ns\ Dd-np
\ndpn hmk-\m-\miw hcp-thmfw a\\w XpS-c-Ww.
an-hmdpw \nsems At_m-[-ns A-Im-c
n--bm B-hn-kva-c-W-n\v CShcm-dp-v. hnkva-cWn\p ImcWw temI-Po-hn-X-n-ep sImXnbpw AX\p-`h
- n-m-\p A\n-b-{n-Xa
- mb Bk-n-bp-am-Wv. Bmhn-ep {i sXp-tmsgms t_m[-]qhw B-kvarXn
sb XncnsI m]n--Ww. DW t_m[-ap--h\v Bmhntev Xncn-p-h-cp-hm Ffpw Ign-bpw. [ym\m--I-amb
PohnXw \bn-p--hv Bm-hn\nv AI-p-t]m-IpXv thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-Wv.
Pem-ep-o dqan akv\m-hn-bn ]mSpp: ""Xmbv-n
\npw ASp-t]m Hcp ]pm-p-g-emWv Rm. t{kmXn-tep Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\p hnem-]-amWv Fs kwKoXw. Krl-n\nv Zqtc-p-t]m-bh
- Xncnp hon-se-p
B Znh-ks HmmWv PohnXw t]mp--Xv.''
Bmhv hoSp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Am\w \nanw
Zqsc Ae-bp--h-cpw. \psS _pn ambm-tam-l-v
Ffpw hi-K-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. F{X-am{Xw ss\c--cy-tm-SpIqSn a\\w sNbvXm-emWv _pnsb sacp-n- kI-ew-s]dpw
BZn-_o-P-n \ndpm Ign-bp-I. AXp-sImv aXn-b-dphm a\\w XpSp-sIm--Ww.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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54
DW-cp-a-h--bp-d-n-en-p-dw
]p\-cp-W-cp-sm-gpXpw kv^pcn-p-hoe
A\p-Zn-\-an--s\- c-p-am-Zn-am-bm
h\n-X-bn\np ]pdp amdn-Sp-p.

DWcpw Ah
Dd-n C
Ddw
]p\ DW-cp-sm-gpXpw
kv^pcn-p-hoe
A\p-Zn\w
Cs\ cpw
BZn-am-bm-h-\n-X-bn\nv
]pdp
amdn-Spp

DWn-cn-p Ah
Dd--n C.
Dd-p Ah
hopw DW-cp-tmgpw
Dm-Ip-n-.
Hmtcm-Zn-h-khpw
Cu c-h--I-fpw
BZn-am-b- B-Ip h\n-Xb
- n\nv
]ndv
sshcp-y-ap-Xm-bn Xon-Sp-p.

mWv Ddw? FmWv DWhv? Bpw s]ssmcp \nhN\w sImSp-m Ign-bp-Ibn-. C{n-bfpw a\pw hnj-b--fp-ambn kn-Ij-n-em-Ip-tm
DWshp thW-sa-n ]d-bmw. hnj-tb-{n-b-a-\-p-IfpsS Xntcm-`m-h-amWv kpjp]vXn Fpw ]d-bmw. Cu cv
Ah-I
- n-Sb
- n-emWv Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jys PohnXw
Btm-f\w sNp--Xv. Cu {]tl-fn-I-bn-tev hy-amb
Hcp DmgvN \Ip-IbmWv Cu tmI-n-eqsS Kpcp sNp-Xv. \ Bcpw-Xs Dd-m--h-cm-bn-n-. Dd--n
FmWv A\p-`hw? Hpw Adn-bp-n F-XmWv A\p-`hw. Hpw Adn-bp-n-s-nepw Dd-p--h-\n kpJ-ap-v.
kpJ-an-s-n Bpw Dd-m tXmp-Ib
- n-. Dd-
- n
temIm-\p-`h
-
- f
- psS A`mhw Ds-nepw Bm-hns kzcqBtm]tZiiXIw

126

]-amb B\w Dd--n {]kv^pcn-pp-v. ""A`m-h-{]Xy-bm-ew-_-\m-hr-nx \n{Zm'' FmWv ]X-RvPen \n-{Zsb

\nh-Nn--Xv. kpjp-]vXn-bn Al-bpw CZ-bpw ImcW-i-co-c-amb Idp aqSp-]-S-n-\p-n ad-p-t]m-Ipp.
hnj-b
- f
- p-tSbpw a\-n-tbpw A`m-ha
- m-Wn-Xv. AXp-sImv
DWs-Wo-p--Xp-hsc Rm B-kpJw A\p-`-hnpp Fv F\n--dn-bm\pw Ign-bp-n-, ]d-bm\pw Ignbp-n-.
DWs-Wo-m C{n-bhpw a\pw {]h-\\
- n-cX
- a
- mhpw. Atm Dn-ep-m-bn-cp Ccp-fn-as
- bmw amp-t]mIpw. hkvXp-t- fbpw hkvXp-XI
- t- f-bpw kv]inpw {LmWn
pw Nnn-p-sams Adn-bm XpS-pw. DWn-cn-p-tm
ico-c
- ns hnipw Zmlhpw a\-ns Pnm-kbpw Hs
ian-n-p-sIm-n-cn-W
- w. {]]-m-\p-`hw Fp ]d-bp-Xv
Cu cp {[ph-n-Sb
- n-em-Wv. Hcp Imhm-kn Idp-n\pw
shfp-n\pw CS-bn hcp ]e-]e h-f
- psS tNcp-hIsImv Nn{X-Im-c amkvac
- n-Ia
- mb Hcp Nn{Xs hc-ph-bvp-Xpt]m-se-bmWv Ccp-n\pw shfn--n\pw CS-bn F-a cq]-t- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {]]w \n ApXtfmsS Ahn-jvIr-X-am-Ip--Xv.
Cu c-h--I-fn-tev t_m[w hoWpw Dbpw amdna-dn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Pohn-X-n kpJhpw ZpxJhpw
asm sshIm-cn-I-X-Ifpw Hn\p ]ndsI Hmbn hpsIm-n-cn-pw. Hcp ambm-h-\n-X-bn\n-mWv A\p-Zn-\-satmWw Ccpfpw shfn-hpw, Dd-hpw DWhpw amdn-amdn
P\n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-X
- v. kI-ew-s]dpw BZn-_o-PsbmWv
ChnsS ambm-h-\n-X-bmbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. Fm Adnhns tIh-e-kz-cq-]-n \np-sImv Dd--n-t\bpw
DWhn-t\bpw t\mn-m-Wm Ign-bp Hcp ]qW-Pm-Kcn-Xw (total awakening) kw`-hn-pXp-hsc \psS kXy-Pnm-ksb D]-i-an-n-m ]mSn-.
Btm]tZiiXIw

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55
s\Snb-In-\m-hnXp \n{Z-t]mse \nXyw
sISp-an-Xp-t]mse In\m-hp-an-{]-Imcw
sISp-aXn ImWp-I-bn tIh-e-n
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m-e-\niw {`an-n-Sp-p.
s\Snb In\mhv CXv
\n{Z-t]mse

\nXyw sISpw

CXp-t]mse

In\mhpw

C{]-Imcw
sISp-aXn
ImWp-I-bn
tIh-e-n

s]Sp-h-Xn-\m

A\niw
{`an-n-Spp

PohnXw Hcp \o kz]v\-am-Wv.

Dd--ne\p-`-hn-p In\m-hpt]mseXs.
DWs-Wo-p-tm B
In\mhv sIp-t]m-Ipw.
Dd--nse kz]v\w
t]mseXs
Pohn-X-am-Ip s\Snb In\mhpw
sIp-t]mIpw.
Fm C-c
- n
hnj-b-_pnbp-h
a\-n-em-pn-.
{]]w F Cuiz-cs
kz]v\n
Fm-hcpw Htc-t]mse IpSp-n-bncn-p--Xn-\m
Ftmgpw
s\Snb In\m-hns\ kXy-sa--Xpt]mse sXn--cnp-p.

hn-Xs
- a-Xv Hcp s\Sp-\of kz]v\a
- m-W.v Hcm-bp-jvmew
apgp-h ssZLy-ap- kz]v\a
- m-bX
- p-sImv \mw PohnXs kz]v\sap Xncn-d
- n-bm-dn-. \psS Dd-hpw Dd-n ImWp kz]v\hpw DWn-cn-p-tmgp temIm\p`-h
- fpw Fmw B ZoLkz]v\
- nse hnhn-[a
- mb Ah-If
- m-Ip-p. \n{Z-bn \mw ImWp kz]v\w, \n{Z-hnv Fgptp-tm Ab-Ym-ambn tXmm-dpv. kz]v\
- n

Po

Btm]tZiiXIw

128

\mw t]Snp \ne-hn-fn-n-cn-mw, B\-w-sImv \rw

sNbvXn-cn-mw, lnam-eb
- k
- m-\p-f
- n hnl-cn-n-cn-mw, `oIc-amb Zpc-
- n acn-p-t]m-sbp hcmw. Fm DWp
Ip-Xp-dp t\mp-tm Ahsbmw kev]-fm-bn-cpp-shv \mw Xncn-d
- n-bm-dp-v. ]t, A\p-`h
- n-p thfbn Ah kmev]n-I
- f
-
- , Ah bmYmy-f
- m-Wv.
Cu Pohn-Xs apgp-h\pw Hcp kz]v\-tmSp Xpe\w
sNp-tm \ap--Xns\ kzoI-cn-m {]bmkw tXmpw.
Cu s\Snb kz]v\-n\npw DWs-Wo-n-mWv Kpcp
\tmSnsXmw ]d-p-Xc
- p-X
- v. Npp-]m-Sp-I Xo thZ\-I-fn\npw sIp-]m-Sp-I-fn\npw \appw ap-cmIm Ign-bpw. temIv Fm-hcpw Pohn-Xs ]c-amsa--Xp-t]mse \n\v Pohn-p-Xp ImWp-tm \psS
Dnepw tXmpw Cu ImW-s-Sp temIhpw Pohn-Xhpw
BWv ]c-aa
- mb kXy-sa-v. AXn-s\-bmWv tIh-e
- ns]v
{`an-pI Fv Kpcp ]d-bp-X
- .v {`aw If-bW
- w. Atlm! \mSIw
\nJn-ehpw F-XmWv m\n-bpsS temI-ho-W
- w.
Cu temI-P-\X apgp-h\pw BIm-iv \o-en-asb Zinmepw Hcp imkv{X--\-dnbmw AhnsS \oen-a-bn-s-v.
\psS Ins ]cn-anXn-bmWv N{I-hm-f-sf krjvSn-p-sX-v imkv{X--\-dn-bmw. km[m-cW Pohn-X-nse
Ccw Imcy-fnt]mepw \ {`an-p-t]m-Im-dp-v. CXpt]m-se-X-s-bmWv Hcp apgp-h Pohn-X-nepw Dm-Ip
{`am--I-X. C\n DW-c Bh-iy-am-Wv. B DWc Bkq-cy-\n-te-m-Wv. shfn-w.... shfn-w..... kh{X shfn-w......C-cp-ns Hcp IWnI-t]mepw ImWp-n-tm? Fsm-cpXw! CXm-Ipp ]q-t_m-t[m-Z-bw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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56
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse Imb-tam-tcm
pS-\p-S-t\-dn-bp-b-an-Spp
apSn-hn-Xn-s\-nXp l!aqe-kw-hn-Xv
IS-en-e-P-{k-hp-ap- I-at{X!
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse

Imb-tam-tcmv
DS-\p-S
Gdn Db-an-Spp
apSn-hn-Xn-s\v

CXp l!
aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en

AP-{khpw D
I-at{X

IS-en Xnc-I Db-cp-Ibpw

Xmgp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse
Hmtcmtcm icocw
Hn\p ]pdsI Hmbn
Dmbn \ne-\nv ad-bp-p.
Cu {]{In-bv Hcp Ayw
Fhn-sS-bmWv?
CsXmcp B-cyw-Xs!
{]]--n\p aqe-Im-c-W-amb
{]m-kmK-c
- n
Fspw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
k-{]-{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv.

S-en Xnc-I kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Xnc-bn-m IS

FXv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw-t]mse tXmpw. Xnc Fp
]d-bp-tm AXn \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hmf-fpw Ae-Ifpw
alm-Xc
- w-K
- fpw Fmw Ds-Spw. IS-en Xnc-bn-m-Xmbn
Ign-m ]ns AXv IS-e-m-Xm-Ipw. Fnepw hnim-eamb IS-en Hcp Xncbvpw imiz-Xa
- mb \ne-\nn-. Pew
Xnc-bpsS BIm-cw]qv Ipd-p-t\cw \ne-\nv ]ns IS-ente-p-Xs Xncnp ebn-p-p. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hjp-appw IS-en Xnc-Ifpm-bn-cp--p. Ctmgpw \mw
Xnc-I ImWp-p. \mw t]m-bmepw IS-en Xnc-I DmIpw. Cu {]{In-bv Hcp apSnhpw Dm-hp-n. Ahn-cm-aa
- mbn
\S-p Cu k-{]-{Inb Hcp BcywX-s-bm-Wv.
Btm]tZiiXIw

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CXp-t]m-se-X-s-bmWv {]]--k-\-{]-{In-bbpw \Sp--Xv. {]]-Zriy-fpw Xcw-K--sf-tmsebmWv. \nch-[n-bmb cq]--fn-eqsS {]m]-nI{]Xn-`m-k- \psS

apn Gdn Dbv Aa-cp-p-v. Hmtcm cq]hpw Hcp icoc-am-Wv. AWp apX alm-]h-X- hsc kwhnXvkmKc-nse Hmtcmtcm Imb--fm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en-emWv
{]m]-n-I-X-cw-K- cq]w-sIm-p--Xv. kwhnXv Fp ]dm Adn-hm-Wv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Bm-hn-t\bpw At`-Zambn Adn-b-Ww. B-km-K-c-n-emWv \nc--c-ambn temIk\w \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. CXv A\-ambn \Sp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. CsXmcp alm-pXw-X-s.
{]]-k
- r-jvSn-sb-p-dnv B[p-\n-Ii
- mkv{Xw aptm-p-hbvp ]cn-t{]-yhpw Kpcp-hns {]]Zi-\hpw sshcpy-an-msX ChnsS tNcp-p. {]]-k
- rjvSn Hcp XpS-bmWv. AXv Fs-nepw XpSn Ah-km-\n-p-X
-
- . hncm-aan-msX XpS-cp-X
- mWv. hyjvSn-Xe
-
- nepw ka-jSv n-Xe
-
- nepw
krjvSn{]{Inb \S-p-p-.v krjvSn, nXn, ebw Ch aqpw
A\p-{I-aa
- mbn XpS-cp-Ib
- m-Wv. Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
F Ah--I-fpsS Nm{In-I-Xt]mse `uXn-I-tZ-l-fpw
Dmbn \ne-\nv ]cn-W-anv bnv \in-p-p. \miw
imiz-X-a-. ]pXnb Hns Bhn`m-h-n\v aptm-Sn-bmbp Xntcm-`m-h-am-Wv. Bhn`m-hhpw Xntcm-`m-hhpw Htc
kw`-h
- ns cp ]pd-f
- m-Wv. acWw Xntcm-`mhw am{X-amWv. Cu kwkm-c-K-Xn-bn\nv ]pd-p-I-S-m Hmtcm-cpcpw Ah-cpsS kzcq-]s Adn-m aXn. kzcq-]
- n\v
P\-\a
- c
- W
-
- f
- n-. kzcq]w \nXy-am-W.v AaXy-am-W.v IS-ens
Bgw \n-ea
- m-Wv. D]-cn-Xe
- a
- mWv Ne-\m-I
- w. D]-cn-Xew
{]m]-n-Ihpw Bgw Bym-n-Ih
- p-am-W.v Bym-n-I
- n
Dd-n-cpv D]-cn-Xe
-
- nse Ne-\
- Hcp Ifn-t]mse Ipc-kn-p-I. CXmWp Pohp-n.

Btm]tZiiXIw

131

57
Ae-b-dp-am-gn-bn-ep--\--am-bm
Ie-bnXp Iey-b-\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw
ken-e-c-km-Zn-i-co-c-tan \m\m
hpe-Ip-cp-hm-bp-cp-hmbn \nn-Spp.

Ae-bdpw Bgn-bn
A\--am-bm-Ie Dv

CXv Iey

A\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw
ken-e-c-kmZn

icocw Gn
\m\m DeIv
Dcp-hmbv Dcp-hmbv
\nn-Spp

Xnc-bn-m IS-en
Ay-an-m ambm-Ie
Dv.
Cu ambm-Ie k-\-{]-{Inbv ka-am-Wv.
CXv A\m-Zn-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-p
Pew, AXns KpW-amb ckw
XpSnbh-bpsS
BIm-cw ssIsm-v
\m\m-Xc-
- n-ep- temI-f- psS
cq]-t`Z-fmbn
ChnsS \ne-\np-p.

S-en ]q-ambn Xnc-I Hgn-p-t]m-Ip Ah

kwPm-Xa
- m-hp-Ib
- n-sv \mw Ign tmI-n ]dp. Fm Imepw Xncbpw ISepw Hn-p-XsbmWv
Ccp-n-p-Xv. Xnc-Iv Nne-tm-sgms ia-\-ap-m-Imdp-v. ia\w Xnc-I-fpsS ]q-amb \mi-a-. AXv hnIr-Xnbmb Ipn Dd-p-tm Ahs hnIrXn Dd--n adp-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]msetb Dq. Ah- DWm Fm
hnIr-Xn-Ifpw ]pdp hcpw. AXp-t]mse IS-ens imXbpw XmXvIm-en-Ia
- m-Wv. IS-ens Bg-f
- nXs henb
Xnc-q-
- Dm-m\p a- Hfn-n-cn-p-p-v.
B-km-Kc
- hpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. {]]-
- n ImWp
Fmw B-km-Kc
-
- n kqvaa
- mbn ad-n-cn-p-p-v.
Btm]tZiiXIw

132

hnn-p-n hS-hrw ibn-p--Xp-t]m-se. Bm-hn

ad-n-cn-p {]]-k
- m-[y-Xsb ambm-Ie FmWv Kpcp
]d-bp--Xv. km[yX Fm ]pdp hcp--Xn\p app
Ah--bm-Wv. A-bpsS K`-]m-{X-n Ipv {`qWm-h-bn hf-cp-tm AXns\ Ie F A-ap Ieew
F hmmWv D]-\n-j
- p-I D]-tbm-Kn-p-X
- v. Hcp kv{Xo
K`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn-p-tm ]pd-p-\np t\mn-bm Ah
I\y-I-bm-sWp tXmpw. Fm AtmXs Ah
A-bm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvIS- e
- n {]]-K
- `w k-\
- n\p
Xm-dm-bn-bn-cn-p--Xp-sImv Adn-hns\ P\\n Fpw
Hmb amaXn Fpw Kpcp Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
Ie Fm Hc-Sb
- m-fa
- m-Wv Hcp ap{Z. Cu ap{Z-bn {]]-kvac
- W
- I
- sf hmk-\m-cq-]-n D-S
- n-h
- n-p-v. Iyq-dns Nnp-I-fn hnh-c- ASw sNbvXn-cn-p--Xpt]m-se. hfsc ka-amb coXn-bn krjvSn-Pm-e-sf
k\w sNp-hm Cu Iebvp Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-mWn-Xns\ Iey Fp ]d-bp-X
- v. Iey Fm {]k-h-kmay-ap--h Fm-Wv. {]k-h-amWv k-\w.
Cu {]]w Ap `qX-f
- psS tNcp-hb
- m-Wv. Hmtcm `qXn\pw Hmtcm {][m\ KpW-ap-v. `qan-bpsS KpWw K-amWv. sh-ns KpWw ck-am-Wv. An-bpsS KpWw cq]hpw
hmbp-hntXv kv]i-hp-am-Wv. BIm-i
- ns KpWw i_vZam-Wv. ]-`q-X
- fpw KpW-fpw tNv \m\m-Io-amb
temIw Bhn`-hn-p-p. aqe-{]-IrXn \ma-cq-]m-I
- a
- m-Ip
{]{Inb A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. AXv BZy-cl
- n-Xa
- mbn \S-p-sImn-cn-p-p. Ctmgpw \S-p-p. {]]w {]fbm-h
b
- n
ebn-mepw Adn-hn AXv Iey-bmbn ad-n-cn-p-t-bp-q.
\in-p-n-. {]]-
- ns Nm{In-IX
- bpw Bm-hns A\iz-cX
- bpw Cu tmI-n-eqsS Kpcp shfn-hm-n-cp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

133

58
\h-\-h-an--se-bn-p- \m-sf- a-t
nh-k-an-Xn-s\ Nn sNbvXn-SmsX
Ahn-c-X-sa-n-b-f-n-Sp--sXmw
{`a-samcp t`Z-hp-an--dn-n-tSWw.
\h-\hw
Cse Cv
\msf at-Zn-hkw
CXn-s\

Nn sNbvXn-SmsX
Ahn-cXw
Fn Af-n-Sp--sXmw
{`aw
Hcp t`Z-hp-an
Adn-n-tSWw

]pXnbXv ]pXnbXv
Cse, Cv
\msf, a-m
C{]-Imcw Imes Xpambn-ap-dnp
a\-n-em-p Xc-n-ep-
Nn-bn Gs-SmsX
Ftmgpw
Fnbpw Afpw Adn-bp--sXmw
{`aw am{X-amWv.
Bm GIhpw At`-ZhpamWv.
CXv t_m[y-s-S-Ww.

g-bXv Ifv ]pXn-b-Xv ssIsm-m-\mWv Bfp-I

sImXn-p--Xv. a\p-jya-\v ]g-b-Xv s]sv aSp-pp. a\-mWv hkvXp--tfbpw hyn-I-tfbpw ]g-b-Xm-p-Xv. B-kv]i-ta-m Fmw \ho-I-cn--s-Spw. Bmhn\v hmIyw _m[n-p-I-bn-. Bmhv \nhn-Im-c-am-bXp-sImv Ime-kzm-[o\w Bm-hn Gevp-n-. a\-v
Ftmgpw ]pXpa tXSp kz`mhtmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. a\v
Imew-Xs
- -bm-W.v Imew Ne-\a
- m-W.v a\v \n-ea
- m-Ip-tm
A\p-`h
-
- Aar-Xm-\p-`h
-
- f
- m-Ip-p. Atm Bmhv
kmn-ssN-X-\y-ambn {]Im-in-p-p. Hcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWp-tm AXns\ ]pXn-b-sXpw ]g-b-sXpw hnthNn-d
- n-bp-XmWv a\-v. ]g-bX
- ns\ \mw Xn-f
- bpw. ]pXnb-Xns\ ssIsm-pw. \mw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ]pXn-bs
- Xpw
Btm]tZiiXIw

134

]g-b-sXpw Xcw-Xn-cn-p-Xv GX-Sn-m-\-n-emWv? Imet_m-[-n-emWv Fm A\p-`-h-fpw kw`-hn-p-Xv.

Cse FXv Hcp Ime-b-f-hm-Wv. AXp kw`-hn-p-I-gn
Imcy-am-Wv. kw`-hn-s
- Xmw `qX-am-Wv. kw`-hn-s
- Xmw FhnsS-bmWv Ccn-pXv? kvac-W-bn-emWv ibnp--Xv. B
kvac-W-bpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv Cv Fv \mw ]d-bp-Xv. Cv h-am-\-Im-e-am-Wv. Cv C-se-tb-m IqSpX bmYmy-ap--Xm-Wv. Cns\ hp-sIm-mWv hcm\n-cn-p \msf-sb-p-dnv Nnn-p--Xv. CvCse
\msf Fv Imes apdn-bvp--XmWv a\-ns tPmen.
a\v AXp-sImv {`am--I-am-Wv.
]mm-Xy-Nn-I
- \
- mb _Kvk tIh-ea
- mb Imes
pure duration FmWv ]d-bp-X
- v. {io\mcm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hpw _
Kvk-sW-tmse GI-amb Ime-[m-csb JWvUn-p--Xns\
{`aw FmWv hnfn-Xv. C-se-sbpw Cspw \msfsbpw D Iev]-\-I {`a--fm-Wv. Ime-hn-n-n-I a\n-epm-Ip Nne {]Xo-Xn-I am{X-am-Wv. Ime-ns
ASn- m- \ - n ]g- b - s Xpw ]pXn- b - s Xpw hyhtZnp A\p-`-h-fpw {`a-fm-Wv. Ime-ns Cu {`aNn--bn\npw m\-ns tIh-e-a-ln-am-hn-tev a\ns\ Dbn-sb-Sp--Ww. t`Z--fn-msX BZy--hn-lo\-amb Adn-hn A\p-`-h- ImeKW-\-bn s]Sm-sXXs kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pv. B-{]-Xn-jvTn-X-amb
Hcp m\nv Ime-ns ]cp-t--msX Pohn-m-\-dnbmw. ac-W-amWv Ime-ta-ev]n-p Ghpw tLmc-amb ]cnv . Xm Aar- X - k z- c p- ] - \ m- s Wp kmm- X v - c n
m\nv qe-i-co-c-\m-i-n ac-W-`-b-ap-m-Ip-n-.
Ah\v Fm-n-t\bpw Hmbn ImWm Ign-bp-p.

Btm]tZiiXIw

135

59
Adn-hns\ hnY Rm\p-ansbs
ncn-bp-In-en--dnhpw, {]Im-i-am{Xw
Adn-h-dn-bp--h-s\p cp-tamm
semcp-s]m-cpfmaXn-en hmZ-ta-Xpw.
Adn-hns\ hnv
AY
Rm\pw C

Fs ]ncn-bp-In
Adnhpw C
{]Im-ia- m{Xw

Adnhv
Adn-bp--h Fp
cpw Hmm
Hcp s]mcpfmw
CXn
C hmZ-taXpw

Adn-hn\npw A\y-ambn
]ns
"Rm' F t_m[-n\pw
AkvXn-X-bn-.
Fn\npw A\y-ambn
Hc-dnhpw \ne-\n-evp-n-.
Rm\pw AdnhpwHsdm {]Imi
ns cp hi- am{Xw.
Adn-shpw
Adn-bp--h-s\pw D
cpw At\z-jn-p-t\m-n-bm
Htc-sbmcp s]mcp-fmWv.
m\nbvv Cm-cy-n
Xw Hp-ta-bn-.

hy

h-lm-c-`mj-bn Rm Adn-bp-p, Fs Adnhv

Fsms \mw ]d-bm-dp-v. As\ ]d-bp-tm
hen-sbmcp sXns\ \mw ]nK-an-p-I-bmWv. "Rm' Adnhp
Xs-bm-Wv. Rm\pw Adnhpw Xn Hcp t`Z-hp-an-. "Rm
Adn-bpp' F {]-{In-bbn Adnhv \n--\npw AIn-cn-pXpt]mse tXmpw. F{Xtbm Bfp-I Adn-hpI tiJ-cn-m-\mbn ]pkvX-I- hmbn-p-]-Tn-p-Xv
\ ImWm-dp-v. ]pkvX-I-n-emWv Adn-hn-cn-p--sX
cqV-aq-e-amb tXm-ep-sIm-mWv \-psS hnZym-`ymkwt]mepw {K-tI-{o-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. am{X-a-, Fs
Btm]tZiiXIw

136

Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tm Fs hoSv, Fs Im F

hnh--I-fn hcp--Xp-t]mse Adnhpw Rm kzmb--amnb Fs Hcp ssIh-i-h-kvXp-hm-Wv. Adn-hns\ am{X-m]c-ambn a\-n-em-p-tm Af-hp-tIm-ep-I D]-tbm-Knv
Adn-hns\ Af-m \mw {ian-pw. hnZym-`ym-k{- ]-{In-bb
- nse
]co--I Fmw Bn-X-hn-m-\s Af-m-\p
am\-Z-WvU-fm-Wv.
Atm IqSp-X Adn-hp-h
- kaq-l
- n AwKo-IrX-\m-Ip-p. Ah Adn-hmIp k-p-sImv A[n-Imcs ssIbm-fp-p. Adn-hns\ Zpcp-]t- bmKw sNm Cs\-bp- Cu sXpm-cW CS-bm-n-bn-p-v. {^mknkv
t_s Adn-hmWv in F sNmv {]kn--am-Wv. hm
kvXh-n Rm\pw Adnhpw Htc-sbmcp {]Imiw am{XamWv.
Hcp s]mcpX-s-bm-Wv. Cmcyw kzm\p-`h
- a
- m-bnp hc-Ww.
Atm-gmWv aqey-h
- mbn \app Pohn-m Ign-bp-I. Kpcphns A\p-`-h-n\n-mWv Adn-hnsbpw Adn-bp--htbpw GI-Xsb Kpcp Dun--d-bp--Xv. CXv eh-teiw
kwibanm kmy-am-Wv. AXp-sImv hmZ-s
- fm-p-anmsX Rm\pw Adnhpw Hs-p- A\p-`s
- shIyw \mw t\Snsb-Sp-p-Ww.
Imivao-cs
- si-hn-k
- ns aqe-{K-a
- mb inh-kq{Xw XpSp-Xv ""ssNX-\y-amm'' Fp ]d-p-sIm-m-W.v ""ssNX\ym-Zm-KXw qe-kq-vam-I
- a
- nZw PKXv'' Fp ]d-psIm-mWv Kpcp A]-hm-Z-Zi\w XpS-p--Xv. {]Imiw
ssNX-\y-am-Wv. B ssNX-\y-amWv Adn-bp--h\pw Adn-bs-Sp {]]-m-\p-`-h--fp-ambn thn-cnv tkm]m-[nI-m-\-am-bn-o-cp--Xv. Adn-hn BZyta \Sp Cu
Zzzo-I-cWw Imc-W-amWv ]no-Sp apgp-h A\p-`-h-fpw
Xe-Xn-cn-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. m\w-sImv ssNX-\y-amb
BZn-a-k-sb Adnv Ctm Chn-sS-Xs Pohapn-]-Zs {]m]n--Ww.
Btm]tZiiXIw

137

60
Adn-hn-s\bpw aa-X-bv-[o-\-amn
d-bp-an-Xn ]c-am-tamn-SmsX
]d-In-ep-a--c-X-z-sa--t]m-eo
bdn-h-dn-bp--h-\-\y-am-Ip-ho-e.
CXn
]c-amw
Hmn-SmsX
Adn-hn-s\bpw
aa-Xbvv A[o-\-amn

]d-bpw

]d-Inepw

B ]c-Xzw F-t]m
Cu Adnhv

Adn-bp--h\v
A\y-am-Ip-hoe

CXns
]c-amw
At\z-jn--dn-bmsX
Adn-hn-s\-tmepw
Fs Adnhv F Xc-n
Adn-hns\ kz-amn
Bfp-I ]dbpw.
As\ ]d-mepw
B ]c-am--Xzw Adn-bp--h
AXp-X-s-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse
Fs Adnhv F Xc-n
Icp-Xn-tm-cp Adnhv
CX-dn-bp--h\v Ah-\n\npw
A\y-am-bn-cn-p-n-.

Xv Fs `qan, AXp \ns `qan, CXv Fs ]Ww, AXp

\ns ]Ww Fp ]d-bp-X
- p-t]mse Am-\n-bmb
a\p-jy Fs Adn-shp hyh-lc
- n-m-dpv. Adnhv ssNX\y-am-W.v A[n-jT
v m-\k
-
- I
- q-Sn-bm-WX
- .v ChnsS Rm sNdpXpw
Adnhv A\-h
- p-am-W.v A\-X
- sb ssIp-n-fn-sem-Xp-m
{ian-p Hcp Ipns _men-i-X-t]mse am{Xta Cu
hmIy-s Icp-Xm-\m-hp-Ib
- p-q. ]c-am-n Rm Adnhp-X-s-bm-Wv. Adnhv Ft-X-. hen-sbm-c-n
Rmt]mepw Adn-hn-t-Xm-Wv. kXy-n Rm\pw Adnhpw
c. ]t, Fs Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tm Adnhv
Btm]tZiiXIw

138

Fn\npw _mly-amb Ftm Hm-sWv Icp-XpIbmWv. AXp-sImv Adnhv kzmb-a

- m-mthn a\p-jy
{]b-Xv\n-p-p. ]W-ap-m-m {]b-Xv\n-p a\p-jy-sctm-se-Xs. hnZymeb-f
- nepw tImtf-Pp-If
- nepw hnZymnI Ipn-bn-cpp ]Tn-p-Xp ImWptm Adnhv B
nm-\p at\m-`m-h-amWv Ah-cn {]hn-p--Xv.
AXn lnwk-bp-v. tkm{I-okv ]d hn{ip-Xh
- N
- \
-
- fn-sem-v, \o \ns-s Adn-bpI Fm-Wv. \mw \s
Adn-bp-tm \mw Adn-hmbn amdp-p. Adn-bph-\pw
Adnhpw Hm-bn-o-cptm \nhrXn P\n-p-p.
Rm ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bpp Fp ]d-bp-X
- n Hcp
sXp-.v Adn-bp-h
- ]c-am-m-hm-Wv F Imcyw A-h
Hmm-dn-. AXp-t]mse Fs Adnhv Fp ]d-bp-tmgpw
Adnhv Fn\npw A\y-am-bn-tm-hpI-bm-W.v B tXm
\n \nc-IX krjvSn-pw, A]-Ij-t_m-[s krjvSnpw. "{]hm-NI
- ' F IrXn-bn Jeo Pn{_m ]d-bpp:
Fs ssZhta, Fp hnfn-m ]mSn-. Fs-m Rm
ssZh-n-t-Xm-Ip-p. ssZhw Ft-X
- .
ssZhw Ft-Xm-sW-n Fs sNmev-Snv ssZhw
\nevW
- a
- m-bn-cp-p. \ ]d-bp-X
- p-t]mse ssZhw A\pk-cn-W
- a
- m-bn-cp-p. hmkvXh
-
- n ssZh-ns Cm-\pm-cn-I-fmWv \-sf-mw. ssZhw Fs-Xm-sWv hnNm-cnp B A-l
- I
- qSn \-n\npw t]mI-Ww. \mw ssZht-m apn-bh
- \
- m-sW {]Xy-a
-
- m Hcp A-l
- mcw
\psS At_m-[
- n-se-hn-sStbm ibn-p-p-v. \-psS
aX-fpw Xz-Nn-I
- fpw Cu Zqjn-Xt_m[-n \npw
Dmb Pmc-k
- X
- n-If
- m-Wv. AhnsS Zzzm-I
- X ]q-ambn
hnp-t]m-Ip-n-. Adn-hn\v \s hnp-sIm-Sp--Ww. ssZhn\p \s kan--Ww. Atm Al t]mIpw.
]ns Fv Ah-ti-jn-p-pthm AXmWv BXy-n-Ia
- mb
kXym\p-`hw.
Btm]tZiiXIw

139

61
shfn-hn-jbw hne-kpp thdp-th-dm
bf-hn-Sp-an-{n-b-amp Xs [w
Pf-X-b-Xnp ZnKw-_-cmZn \mam
hen-sbm-Sp-b-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p.

shfn-hn-jbw
thdp-th-dmbv
hne-kpp
C{nbw
Xs [w Bv

Af-hnSpw
PfX AXv

Cv
ZnKw-_c- mZn
\mam-h-en-sbmSv
Dbv
Adn-hmbn amdn-Sp-p

]pd-wtem-I-p- hnj-b-
Hv Hn\nv thsd-bmbn
{]Xo-Xam-Ip-p.
Hmtcmtcm C{n-bw
AXm-Xns [s
Ah-ew-_n-p-sImv
C{n-b-hn-j-b-sf Af--dn-bpp.
C{n-b
- sht-sdbmbn Af-d- nbp--Xv Am\w \nan--amWv.
ChnsS {]Xy--n
Znv, BImiw ap-X-emb
\ma-k
- b
- t- m-sSmw
\ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn Dbv
tIh-e-m\s {]m]n-pp.

sh

fn Fm ]pdw-tem-Ia
- m-Wv. BIm-it- bpw shfn
Fp ]d-bpw. BImiw kh-hym-]n-bm-Wv. GsXmcp
hkvXp-hn\pw nXn sNp-hm CSw thWw. Ah-Im-iZ- mXm-hmWv BIm-iw. Ah-Imiw Fm nXn-sN-m-\p
CSw Fm-Ww. Fm hkvXp-fpw BIm-i
- n-emWv
Ccn-p-X
- .v BIm-i
- n hkvXp Ccn-pI am{X-a
- , hkvXphn BImihpw Ccn-p-p-v. BIm-i
- n IpSw Ccn-p-Xp-t]m-se-Xs IpS-n BImihpw Ccn-p-p-v.
almImi-n-emWv F-a hnj-b
- nXn sNp-X
- v.
Hcp hnjbw thsdmcp hnj-b
- n\npw thdn-mWv nXn
Btm]tZiiXIw

140

sNp--Xv. N-t]m-se-b am. amt]mse-b tX.

aWw-t]m-se-b kv]iw. cpNn-t]m-se-b i_vZw. C{nb-fpsS [-hy-Xn-cn-XsImm-Wv hnj-b- sshNn{Xy-ap--Xm-Ip--Xv. In\p cq]s ImWm Ign-bp-p.
cq]-amWv Ins [-hn-j-bw. In\p ImWp-hm-\p-
Ignthbpq. tIp-hm-\p- Ign-hn-. tIhn ImXns
[-am-Wv. ImXns hnj-b-ambn hcp--Xv i_vZ-am-Wv.
aqn\v Khpw \mn\v cpNnbpw Xzn\v kv]ihpw
[hnjb--fm-Wv. Cs\ Hmtcm C{n-b-n-\pw AXmXns [hpw B [-n-\n-W-p hnjbhpw ]pdwtem-I-n nXn sNp-p-v.
Af-hn-m sshhn-[y-tm-Sp-IqSn temI-n cq]-
DXp-t]mse kv]i-fpw i_vZ
- fpw K-fpw ckfpw At\-Ia
- m-Wv. C{n-b
- Chsb Adn-bp-Xv Afm-W.v Fm C{n-bh
- n-jb
-
- t- fbpw Af-m Ign-bpw. B[p\n-Ii
- mkv{Xw temIs a\-n-em-p-hm Af-hp-Isf am\I--fm-p-p. Kpcp JWvUn-X-ambn ]d-bpp: CsXms
Pf-Xb
- m-Wv. Pf-Xs
- bp ]d-bm ImcWw \m\m-Xz-n-
imiz-Xa
- q-ey-sf ImWm {ian-p-Xn\m-Wv. {]m]-n-I{]-Xn-`m-k
- s
- fmw amdn-sm-n-cn-p-p. am-an-m-X
- mbn
{]]-n Hpw-Xs C. Hcp hnj-b-n\np
thsdmcp hnj-b
- n-tev {]nbs ]dn-p-\S- p-X
- p-t]m-seb hnj-b
- n\npw {]nbs ASn-sb-Spv Bmhn Dd-np \ndpp-X
- v. BIm-iw, Znv XpSn ]m-`uXn-Iamb temIw ap-gp-h \ma-k
- b
-
- f
- m-Wv. Fm \mafpw A\m-an-bmb Adn-hn AS--Ww. Adnhv am{Xta
mbn-bmbnpq. CXdn-bp-tm PfX t]mIpw. Adnhp
Xs-bmWv Rm Bm-h.v CXdn-bp-tm AIta B\w
Ae-X-pw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

141

62
]c-h-i-\mbv ]c-X-z-sa-s-sX-tm
-cp-XcpsXp IYn--sXm-n-\mte
hcp-a-dn-th-Xp- hcm IYn--Xmte
]c-a-]Zw ]cn-Nn sNbvXn-tS-Ww.
]c-h-i-\mbv
]c-Xzw
Fs-sXv
Hm-cpXv
Acp-sXv
IYn--sXm-n-\mse
hcp-a-dn-thXv?
hcm IYn--Xmse

]c-a-]Zw
]cn-Nn sNbvXn-tSWw

euIn-IXbvv ASnsv
]c-am-m-hns\
Fs ]c-am-m-shv
Icp-Xm ]mSn.
Icp-Xm ]mSn-sv
]d--Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw
F-dn-hp-m-Im-\mWv?
shdptX ]d--Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw
m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-.
]c-am-m-hns\
a\-\-[ym\neqsS Adnb-Ww.

c-hi
- X
- b
- mWv Hc-phs\ Xfp-X
- v. kXyw thsd FhnsStbm BsWp IcpXn AXns em`-n-\mbn {]bXv\n-p-tm-gmWv ]c-h-i-\m-Ip--Xv. Xn\nv A\y-amb
Hcp hkvXp-hmWv Xm At\zjn-p-Xv Fp hnNm-cn-p-h Hcn-Spw Fn-t-cp-I-bn-. D-tc-y-bn Pohnn-cp m\n-bmb I_o ]d-bp-p: ""Cuiz-c an-cnepw akvPn-Zn-ep-a-. bmK-nepw tbmK-nepa. Cuizc \ns {]mWs {]mW-\m-Ipp.'' \mw \nXym-\w sXcp-\-S-m XpS-n-bnv P- Hncn Ign-p. bm{X
Gsd sNbvXv `qan F Cu k{X-n Fn-tn-p
]Yn-I-m-cmWv \-sf-m-h-cpw. \-fpsS bm{X \psS
bYm ksbt-Sn-bp-XmsWv Adn-bp-tm
CXp-hsc sNbvX bm{X-I-sfmw hrYm-hn-em-bn-cp-p Fp
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142

t_m[y-s-Spw. Ghpw ASp Hns\ Adn-bmsX AIse-bp--Xn-tep Xe \op \psS _pn ]mc-h-iy-amWv. Xe-Xn-cn B _pn-sIm-mWv hopw \ ]cam-m-hns\ Adn-bm {ian-p--Xv. ]c-am-mhv GtXm Hcp
henb hkvXp--hn-s\-tmse am{Xta As\ At\z-jn-p-hs a\-n tXmpI-bp-q. Fs ]c-am-m-shv
Nnn-p-Xv sXm-Wv. ImcWw Fm Ft-Xp-Ifpw Rm\m--Xm-Wv. Fs hoSv Rm-\-. Fs DSpv Rm\-. Fs
ssI Rm\-. Fs icocw Rm\-. Fs a\v Rm\-.
AXp-t]mse Fs Bmhv Fv \mw ]d-p-t]m-Ip-tm
HmWw Rm\pw Bmhpw c Fv. ]cX-z-amb
Bmhv Ft-X-, Rm\m-Wv. Bm-hns\ kmm-Xv-cnm apv Gt-sXv Icp-Xn-bn-cp--sXmw Bm-\p-`-hn Hmbnocpw. \m\m-Xz-- B-m-\-n
AkvX-an-pw.
]c-am-m-hns\ Ft-sXp Nnn--cp-sXp ]d-Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw \apv ]c-am--m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-.
D]-\n-jpw ss__nfpw JpB\pw at\m-l-c-ambn Dcphn-Sp-hm Ign-bp ]WvUn-X-in-tcm-a-Wn-Isf \app ]ebn-Spw Is-m Ign-bpw. Ah aWn-a-Wn-t]mse thZ]p-kvXI sNmn-tn-p-X-cpw. ]t, Poh sImcpn sIWn-bn Ahcpw Hcp ]d-h-sb-tmse Nnd-In-Snp
\ne-hn-fn-p k`- ]e-tmgpw DmImw. _\w
Bg-n-ep ISpw-sI-m-Wv. Fs ]c-am-mth, Fs
ssZhta Fv ImWm-mTw ]Tnv ]d-p-\-S-m apn
ssIh-cn-. apn Gp-sNmn lrZn--am-m-hp--Xp-a-.
Bm-hns AKm-[-X-bn-tev kzw X]-n-\m Bnd--Ww. a\-\w-sImv a\-ns\ Dw-Ln--Ww. [ym\ns kmK-c-kz-X ssIh-cp-thmfw Cu ]cn-Nn- XpSntS-Ww.

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63
Adn-hn-en-cp--]-c-Xz-amn-Sm-Xo
bdn-hn-s\-bn--dn-bp--sX-ntb Xm
]c-h-i-\m-b-dn-hoe ]WvUn-X X
]c-a-c-l-ky-an-Xmcp ]mn-Sp-p!
Adn-hn-en-cpv
A]-c-Xz-amn-SmsX
Cu Adn-hns\
C-dn-bp-s- X-ntb
]c-h-i-\mbv

Adn-hoe
]WvUn-X X
]c-a-c-lkyw
CXmcp ]mn-Spp!

Adn-hn\nv
Xs A\y-am-msX
Bmhp Xs-bmb Adn-hns\
ChnsS Adn-bm-sa--msX
Xn\npw A\y-amWv Bm-hv
FpIcpXn At\z-jnp-Xn-eqsS
Bm\p`hw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-.
Bm\n-bpsS
]c-a-clkyamb B-cn-Im-\p-`hw
BmWv a\-n-em-hp--Xv?

m-t\z-jWw \S-p km[-Icn s]mXpth kw`hn-m\nS-bp- Hcp sXns\ Kpcp Xncp-n--cn-IbmWv sNp--Xv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Adn-bp--h-t\bpw ]rY-cnp ImWm ]mSn-. Bm-hn-s\-bmWv kmm-XvI-cnt--Xv. kmm-Xvmcw ka-Zi-\-am-Wv. kI-e-Xnepw
Bm-hn-s\-m-Wp-tm-gmWv Hcm ka-Zin-bm-Ip--Xv.
Fm Hcm km[-\-I sNp-tm Bmhv Xm\m thsd Fhn-sStbm Ccn-p Hm-sWp Icp-XnbmWv A\p-jvTm-\- sNp--Xv. {]mn-p--hcpw
tbmKbpw {]mWm-bm-ahpw sNp--hcpw a{hpw ]qPbpw
\S-p--hcpw Fmw Ah-cn\nv A\y-Ym-I-cn Hcp
k-bmbn Bm-hns\ Ip-sIm-mWv A-t\z-jWw \Sp--Xv. Hm-b kXys cmn hn`-Pnv hopw Hmn-tp-hmthn a\p-jy \S-p s]Sm-m-Sn-s\Btm]tZiiXIw

144

p-dn-tmv hyk-\-kz-c-n-emWv Cu tmI-ns Ahkm-\-]mZw Kpcp Na-n-cn-p--Xv. ]WvUn-XX ]c-a-clkyw Bpw Adn-bm Ignbpn-tm!
BcmWv ]WvUn-X? {K-im-e-bpsS Hgn tImWnen-cpv alm-{K-
- hmbn-p-Iq-p-Ibpw Zp{Kl-amb Imcy ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp Hcp _pn-Po-hn-sb-bmWv ]WvUnX-s\v kmam-\y-P\w Icp-Xp--Xv. Fm Kpcp C-cmsc ]c-h-i-m FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. ]WvUn-X F. tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw Am-Z-an-I-fnepw an-hmdpw B{i-a-fnepw Cu ]c-h-i-m A[--c-hym-bmaw sNp-Xv \
ImWm-dp-v. ]t, ]WvUn-X F hmns t\cmb
Aw A\p-`-h-km-I-ey-ap m\n Fm-Wv. ]c-a-amb
Adnhpw Rm\pw c F A\p-`-hs ]WvUm Fp
]d-bpw. Aev]w-t]mepw hn`m-Ko-b-X-bn-m t_m[-amWv
]WvUm. ]WvUm B-m-\-am-Wv. Cu A\p-`hw hen-bh-enb ]Zm-he
- n-If
- n tImn-Wn samgn-p-sIm-Sp-m
Ign-bp-I-bn-. au\-ns AKm-[-amb Dsh-fn--am-Wn-Xv.
]c-a-c-lkyw Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-a-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm Pohsbpw ]cn-Wmaw Cu ]c-a-c-l-kys Ddn-bp--Xn-temWv th-Xv. Fm CXv Bcpw a\-n-em-p-n-tm
F Aev]w tJZw \nd Hcp kzchpw Cu tmI-n
AS-n-bn-cn-p-p-v. Adn-tb--Xns\ Adn-bmsX Bbpv
If-p-Ip-fn-p Pohn-X-hr-n-I-fn Fsv AXmWv
Fmsavv sXn--cnp Pohn-bvp-hcpsS a-bvp
Hcp taSv IqSn-bmWv Cu tmIw.

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64
{]Xn-hn-jbw {]Xn-_--ta-dn- ta-hp
nXns\ \nP-kvar-Xnsb \ncm-I-cnq
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm-e-XoX hnZym
\n[n sXfn-bp-n-Xn-\n \oXn-lm\n.

{]Xnhnjbw

{]Xn-_--tadn tahpp
CXns\
\nP-kvar-Xnsb
\ncm-I-cnq
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n

sXfn-bpp
CXn\v C \oXn-lm\n

Hmtcm hnj-bhpw
B-km-m-XvIm-c
- n\p
XSambn hnpp.
Cu XS-s
B-kvar-Xn-sImv
Xn-f
- b
- W
- w.
Bm-hns koa-b Hm-bm
Fm D]m-[n-Ipw AXo-X-amb
B\--L-\m\p-`qXn
Dn sXfn-bpp.
CXn Abp--ambn Hp-an-.

kvXphpw hnj-bhpw Xn A-c-ap-v. hkvXp a\ns {]nbm-{]n-b--fp-ambn Ie-cp-tm AXp hnjb-am-bn. hnjbw hnjw-t]m-se-bm-sWmWv AjvSm-h-{I-ap\n- ]d-bp-X
- v. ""apn-an-n-n hnq hnjw-t]m hnjb--sf.'' As\ ]d-bm Imc-Ww, hnjbw \-psS hmk\sb apgp-h DWn \s I-tm-p-I-cm-pw. hnj-b-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-tm cmK-tZz-j-sImv {]Xn-I-cW- {]Xn-_-- krjvSn-m-dp-v. Iw Fp ]dbp--Xv, Imay-hn-j-b-n-\p-th-n-bp- \nc--c-amb {]h
-\-am-Wv. Hcp hnjbw \psS A\p-`-h-n-tep IS-ph-cp-tm B hnj-b-tmSv A\p-_--ambn thsdbpw
At\Iw hnj-b- Iqw-Iq--ambn at\m-apIp-c-n-tev
Btm]tZiiXIw

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Xn--bdn hcpw. Hmtcm hnj-b-Nn-bpw ""F\n-mZyw

]qo-Ic
- Ww \Iq'' Fp ]d-bp-X
- p-t]m-se-bmWv Imayhn-j-b-n-tep t{]cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. As\ Hcp
PohnXw apgp-h hnj-b-Nn--tbm-SptN {]h-\--fpambn \ Ign-p-Iq-p-tm Pohn-X-ns BXy-n-Iamb eyw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p.
cp Xc-n-ep-ff kvarXn-I (memory) \-n {]hnp-p-v. Hc-n Htc-sbmcp kvarXn Xs-bmWv
cp apJ--fn-tep Xncn-p-\nv {]hn-p--Xv. Hv
hnj-b-kvar-Xn-bpw, thsdmv B-kvar-Xn-bpw. B-kvarXn-bn-eqsS am{Xta hnj-b-kvar-Xnsb Cm-Xm-m Ign-bpI-bp-q. hnj-bk
- varXn _-\
- n\p Imc-Wa
- m-Ip-p. BkvarXn apn-k-m-b-I-am-Wv. Bm-hns kvarXn-sbbmWv
AXn-hn-iZ- k
- varXn Fv Kpcp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-X
- v. Bmhns kzcq-]-hn-h-cWw Hcp kZvKp-cp-hn\npw tIWw. Fm kvac-W-I-fp-tSbpw aqe-I--amWv B-k-. B
B-k--bn {]m]-n-I-Po-hn-X-ns apgp-h HmI-tfbpw kqvaambn tImdn-bn-n-p-v.
ChnsS Cuiz-cs akvXn-jvI-n-emWv {]m]-n-I-tcJ-I-sfmw tiJ-cn-ncn-p-sXv ]d-tb-n-h-cpw. B
kvarXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw AXn-cp-I-fn-m m\s
Bm-\--ambn A\p-`-hn--dnbp--Xv. sXfn-a-bp- Hcp PohnX-ntev thsd Hcp Ffph-gnbpan. \mw B-\n-jvTamb km[\ A\p-jvTn--Ww. Fn-\mWv Aam-n-p-Xv?
hnj-b--fpsS XSw hnj-b-Nn Dn-S-tmfw am{Xta
Dq. F\npw Bm-hn\pw CS-bn Hcp a[y-hn
C. CXp X-an-m kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. \nP-kvar-Xn-sb- DWn Pzen-n-p-\n-Ww. B\--n-tev ]ns Zqcta-bn-. AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n Bm-\p-`qXnbmWv.

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65
Hcp Ipdn \ma-dn-bm--sXm-p-an-n
pcp-a-d-hm-e-dn-ho-ep-Wn-sXmw
Adn-h-h-cn--Xn-c--Xm-I-bm-eo
bcp-a-sb-bm-c-dn-bp-tlm! hnNn{Xw!

Hcp Ipdn
\mw Adn-bm-Xv
Hpw Cv C
Dcp ad-hm
CsXmw
DWv Adn-hoe

AXn-c- X
- m-Ib
- m
Cu Acp-asb
Adn-h-h-cn
Bc-dn-bpp
Atlm! hnNn{Xw!

Hcp hi-p-\npw t\mn-bm

\apv Adn-bm Ign-bm
Hpw-Xs temI-n C.
cq]--fpsS ad ImcWw
Cu temI-hn-j-b--sf-sbmw
B-t_m-[-m DWv \mw
Adn-bp-n
A\--hn-im-e-am-b-Xn-\m
t{]a-kz-cq-]n-bmb Cu Bm-hns\
Adn-bp--h Bcpw CXs.
As-n CsXms Bc-dn-bpp?
B-cy-I-c-amb Cu A\p-`hw
F{X hnNn-{X-am-Wv!

{Sm v d-en-s\-tm-sebp- Nn-I-m ssZh-n

hniz-kn-p-n-s-nepw Adn-hns in-bn hnizkn-p-p-v. Ch-cpsS Nnsb temPn- t]mkn-o-hnkw
(logical positivism) FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. Cu Nnm-]--Xn{]-Imcw Cu temI-n-ep Fm Adn-hpIfpw Hcn-
\apv ]q-ambpw Adn-p-Xom Ign-bpw. {]]ns AXnn-I Fhn-sS--bmWv? {]]w Fn\nmWv Dm-bXv? {]]--kr-jvSnp ]nn Fs-nepw
Dt-iyaptm? C-s\-bp- tNmZy-smw Hmtcmtcm
D-c- ]co--W--fn-eq-tSbpw \nco--W--fn-eq-tSbpw
Isnbnv AsXmw tNp-hp Nnn-p-tm
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temIs kw_-n-p kp\n-n-Xa

- mb Hcp Dcw InpsapXs-bmWv temPn- t]mkn-o-hn-kp-I-fpsS hnizmkw. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp CXns\ Hcp hnizm-k-am-bn- ImWp-Xv. CXns\ Hcp km[y-X-bm-bn-mWv a\-n-em-p--Xv.
Hcp aXcnsb \apv Adn-bm-sa-n `qansb apgp-h
Adn-bm Ignbpw Fp-Xv Hcp km[y-Xb
- mWv. AXp hnNmcnv BcmWv `qan-bn-ep- aX-cn-I-sfmw Fn-s-dpn
Xn-s-Sp-m t]mIp--Xv? As\ Bsc-nepw {ian-pp-s-n AXns\ apgp {`mst ]d-bm-s\m-q.
Hcp Ipdn \mw Adn-bm--sXm-p-an-n. Cs\ Hcp hoW-tIm-Wn\npw t\mp-tm \ap--dn-bm-\m-Im-Xmbn Cu temI-n Hpw-Xs C. ]t, Cu Adnhn Hcp XI-cm-dp-v. Hns\ thsdm-n\npw hyXn-cn-am-n-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-X
- v. AXn\p ImcWw Hcp hkvXphns\ \mw Adn-bp-tm AXn\v Hcp cq]w Ds-p--XmWv. temIw Fp ]d-bp-Xv _lp-k-l{kw cq]-Xsbm-Wv. B cq]-smw \ma- sImSp-p-tm-gmWv
temI-hp-ambn \apv hyh-l-cn-m Ign-bp--Xv. Fm \macq-]--tfbpw ka-\z-bn--dn-bp Hcp kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bpv. cq]--fpsS ad ImcWw Cu kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bn-tev
a\-ns\ DWn-sb-Sp-m \apv Ign-bm-dn-. Cu kam\m-[n-I-cWX Pohn-X-n-s- ]c-a-amb A-am-Wv.
\nc-Xn-i-b-amb B\-hpw t{]ahpw hgn-sm-gp-Ip
Acp-a-bmb Cu Adn-hns\ Bcm-W-dn-bp-Xv? A{Xbpw
m\-]n-]m-kbpw kXym-t\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpap Hcmv
Cu Acp-a-bpsS Aa-c-k-m]w Km\-]o-bq-j-ambn A\p-`-hnm Ign-bpw. tbmKn-I-fpsS Nn-n elcn ]I-cp
Cu A\p-`hw F{X hnNn-{X-amWv! Fm Ap-X--fn-tepw-hv alm-p-X-am-bn-cn-p B-\nhrXn. Atlm!
hnNn{Xw!

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66
Cc apX-em-b-h-sb-p-an-{]-Imcw
hcp-an-\nbpw, hc-h-p-\n-ev]-tXIw
Adn-hXp, \ma-Xp-Xs ap-sa-m
hcp-a-Xp-X hSn-hmp \nn-Sp-p.

Cc apX-em-bh
Fpw
C{]-Imcw
hcp-an-\nbpw
hc-hv \nev]Xv
GIw
Adnhv AXv
\mw AXp-Xs
ap Fm-hcpw
AXp-X
hSn-hmv
\nn-Spp

kpJZpxJk-n-{i-amb hnj-b-
Fm-bvtmgpw
Ctm-gs- -t]m-se-Xs
C\nbpw hp-sIm-n-cnpw.
\n--e-ambn \np-Xv
Hp am{X-am-Wv.
AXv GI-amb Adn-hm-Wv.
\mw B Adn-hp-X-s-bm-Wv.
ap Fm-hcpw
B GI-amb Adnhns
kzcq]w ssIsmv
\ne-\npp.

m Pohn-Ifpw P\n-p-Xv hni-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hniv

Hcp Ima-am-Wv. hniv An-t]m-se-bmWv In-mfn
sm-n-cn-p-X
- v. Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-p An-IpWvU
- n
tev hnd-Ip-I Cp-sIm-Sp-m Ah In-m--emIp
Xp-t]mse hni-m-Ip Ansb ian-n-pXn\v Blmc-am-Ip hnd-Ip-I thWw. C{n-b- Bn ]q
hni-m-fn-I-fm-Wv. hnj-b--sf-bmWv C{n-b- Bl-cnp--Xv. Kpcp C{n-b-hn-j-b-sf Cc-I-fm-bmWv hnti-jnn-n-cn-p--Xv. ]e-X-c-n-ep Cc-IfmWv C{n-b-v
thXv. ]-hn-j-b-fpw Ah-bpsS ]e A\p-]m-X-nep tNcp-h-Ifpw Cc-I-fpsS hn]p-e-amb {]]--s-bmWv
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\apv apn Xon-cn-p--Xv. Cu hnj-b-{]-]--samw

\psS Ima-\I
- f
- psS D]-ia
- \
-
- n-\m-bp- Cc-If
- m-Wv. i_vZkv]i-cq-]-c-k-K-m-Zn-I-fmb Cc-Isf XnmWv Poh
Iqm-Sp--Xv. Xnmepw Xnmepw hnj-b- Xocn-.
hopw hopw hnj-b- hp-sImncnpw. hcn-I-am{X-a, Ah hp-t]mhp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. Fm t]mp-\n-evp kXyw Ht-bp-q. AXv Bm-hm-Wv. AXv
Adn-hm-Wv. B Adn-hmWv Rm.
Poh-s\ th-m-c\pw hnj--fm-Ip Cc-Ifpw Xnep D`-b-_w Hcp ssPhn-I-{]-{In-b-bm-Wv. Fm Cu
ssPhn-I{- ]-{In-b
-
- p-dv Hcp ssZhn-I{- ]-{In-b- Nne hynI-fn [ym\m-I
- a
- mb ]cn-h\w hcp-m-dp-v. Atm
Cc- I - f n- e p {]nbX Poh\v Ipd- b p- p. \nivvN-e-ambn
\np kmn-kz-cq-]\
- mb Adn-hn-t\m-Sp B`n-apJyw
Poh\v P\n-p-tmgm-Wv Cc-I-tfm-Sp Bk-nbpw B
nbpw eLq-I-cn--s-Sp--Xv. B-m-\-ns aptmSn-bmbn \nth-Zm-h
sb {]m]n-t-X
- p-v. B-m\w
hp-wt]mbpw Ccn-p Xc-nep-X-. AXv GI-am-Wv.
B GIw At\-IX
- Ismw Imc-Whpw A[n-jT
v m-\h
- p-amWv. Rm B-cmWv? F tNmZy-n\v Rm GI-am-b Adnhp-Xs
- -bmWv F D-ca
- mWv e`n-p-X
- .v Cu al-mb
Adn-hns {]kv^p-cW
-
- f
- mWv kIe \ma-cq-]-{]-]--hpw.
B-m-\n Xn\npw A\y-ambn {]]-s ImWpn- . A\yXzw Am- \ - Z - i - b n- e m- W v . hSnhv Fm
BIrXn FmWv Aw. Pe-ns hSn-hmWv Xnc. XncbpsS Df-f-Sw Pe-am-Wv. Adn-hns hSn-hp-I-fmWv Zriy-{]]-w. Zriy-{]-]--ns D-Sw Adnhp am{X-am-Wv.

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67
KW-\b
- n\np Ihn-s- Xmp km[m
cW-anh cp-sam-gn-sm-c-\y-cq]w
\n\-hn-ep-an-Xp \n{Z-bn-epw ta
en\-\-K-c-n-ep-sa-p-an \q\w.
KW-\-bn \nv

Ihn-Xv Hv
km[m-cWw

Ch cpw Hgn
Hcp A\y-cq]w

\n\-hnepw C
CXp \n{Z-bn-epw
ta C\-\-K-c-nepw
Fpw C
\q\w

C{n-b-n-tbpw a\-n-tbpw
IW-p-Iq--ep-Iv
Apd-p- Hv,
C{n-b-sImpw a\-psImpw KWn--dn-bm-hp Hv.
Ch cpw IqSmsX
thsd Fs-n-epw- X-c
- n-ep
Hcp A-dnhv
DWhnepw C,
Dd--nepw C,
kz]v\nepw C.
Fhn-sSbpw C.
CXp Xo-bm-Wv.

dn-hns taJ-eI
- sf cmbn ]Ip-p-hv a\-n-em-pXv imkv{Xo-ba
- mb Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. KW-\b
- n-ep-Xpw
KW-\-bn\np Ihn-Xpw Nne Bfp-I kwkm-cn-ptm Cu cp hi-t- fbpw Iqn-p-gp kwkm-cn-pw.
Ah Nnn-p-Xpw Bi-b
- p-g
- a
- p-m-p Xcn-emWv. A-s\-bp-h-cpsS Nnbvv Hcp ASppw apdbpw
DmnsmSp-t-Xv Kpcp-hns [-am-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp
Cu hn`-P\w ]mm-Xy-Nn-I
- cpw AwKo-Ic
- n-p-X
- m-Wv. Hv
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154

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Btm]tZiiXIw

155

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Btm]tZiiXIw

156

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Btm]tZiiXIw

157

70
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Btm]tZiiXIw

159

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Btm]tZiiXIw

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161

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AZz-bhpw ]c-hp-am-b-Xns\[ym\n-p--Xn-eqsS
Xpco-bm-\p-`qXn Dm-Ipp.

\p-jy Fsmw sshhn-[y-ap I--fmWv Znhkhpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Hcp arK-n\v a\p-jyt\mfw ko-XI
- ImWp-n. a\p-jy {Inb-I sNpXv ^tem-t-iy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ipdp kpJ-n\nv
IqSp-X kpJ-amWv Fm I--fp-tSbpw eyw. AkwkvIr-X-h-kvXp-sf kwkvI-cn--W-sa-n AXn a\pjy Ahs Azm-\s sNep-t--Xpv. A-s\bmWv imkv{Xw Hmtcmtcm Ip-]n-Sn- \S-p Xv.
Imep-sImp \S-m-hp a\p-jy Imdpw hnam-\hpw Ip]n-Sn-Xpw \nn-s-Sp-Xpw {Inb-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. imcoBtm]tZiiXIw

162

cn-I-am-\-knIkpJ-n-\p-thn {Inb-I sNpXv AhnZy- ImcW-am-Wv. kpJw {Inb-IfpsS kz`m-h-a-. Bm-hns

kz`m-h-am-Wv. Bm-hns kz`m-h-am-b kpJ-n-\p-thn
IW-n-msX {Inb-I sNbvXpIqn-bXp-sImv Fp
{]tbm-P\w?
AXp-sImv bmK-fpw b-fpw A\p-jvTm-\
- fpw
B-km-m-XvIm-c
- n\v t{]mm-l\
- o-b
- f
-
- . I-
Nn-ip-o-I-c-W-n\v klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]pWy-I-
]m]-k
- p-ea
- mb a\ns\ hna-eo-Ic
- n-p-p. Fm ]pWy
Iw tam-Zm-b-I-a-. i-cm-Nm-cy m\-s-bmWv
I-ns m\v tam-tl-Xp-I-ambn IcpXp-Xv.
m\-e-_v[n-p-thn Iw sNp--Xn-eqsS m\I-k-ap--b-tZmjw kw`-hn-p-sav im-cm-Nm-cy ]d-bpp. I-sf s]mXpth sshZn-I-I--sfpw euInI-I--sfpw cmbn XcwXncn-mw. euIn-I-Iw
Cl- t em- I - t `m- K - pw bmKm- Z n- I - kz- { ]m]vXnbvpw thn-bm-Wv. cnepw Imaw Ien-cn-p-Xp-sIm-v Ahn-ip-a
- m-W.v \njvIm-aI
- -amWv Nn-ip-nv
Imc-W-am-Ip--Xv. AXns\ I-tbm-K-sav ]d-bpw.
I-f
- psS adp-]p-dw hnZybm-Wv. Nn-bnbmb Bmhns\ `mh-\s
- N-p-XmWv hnZy. Ahn-Zysb \ncm-Ic
- n-m
hnZy-bpsS klmbw Bh-iy-ap-v. Hcp app Xd-m th
sdmcp app-sImv AXns\ FSpp If-bp-X
- p-t]mse AhnZysb hnZy-sImv \nho-cy-am-mw. hnZy B-cn-Ia
- mbn {]Imin-tXm-Wv. AXn\p I-ns Bh-iy-an-. hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw cmbn ]ncn-p-Xs Ftmgpw \np-p.
Ch cpw amb-bpsS A[o-\X
- b
- n hcp-X
- m-Wv. Pohs
kwXp-e\
- m-hv hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bI-ambn hn-p-sa-nepw Bm-\p-`h
-
- n\v Cu Zzz-tbpw
Dw-Ln-Ww. As\ AZz-bhpw ]-chpamb Bm-hns\
[ym\n-p-tm Xpco-bm-\p-`q-Xn- ssIh-cpw.
Btm]tZiiXIw

163

73
Hcp s]mcp-fn--e-t\-I-ap--t\Iw
s]mcp-fn-sem-c-hp-sa _pn-bmte
Adn-hn-e-S-p-a-t`-Z-am-bn-sX-m
hcp-a-dn-ho-e-Xn-tKm-]-\o-b-am-Ipw.
Hcp s]mcp-fn-
At\-I-apv
At\Iw s]mcp-fn
Hcp A-hpw
F _pn-bmte
At`-Z-ambn
Adn-hn-e-Spw

CXv
Fm-hcpw Adn-hoe
AXn-tKm-]\
- o-ba- mIpw

Hcp k-bn
At\Iw cq]-t`-Z
- fpv.
At\Iw cq]-t`-Z--fn
GI-amb Ahpap-v.
Cu m\-ap-m-bm
cq]-t`-Z--sfmw t]mbn
Adn-hns GIm--I-X-bn
Fmw D-S-n-\n-evpw.
Cu Zi\w
Fm-hpw t_m[y-s-Sp-n-.
CXp Xopw cl-ky-amb
m\-am-Wv.

`u

Xn-I-imkv{Xw {]]--ns BZnaksb At\zjnp sN-tm AXp ]Zmw (matter) BsWp

Is-n. Htc-sbmcp ]Zmw {]]-
- nse sshhn-ysf ]ns F-s\-bmWv P-\n-n-Xv? _lp-hn-[a
- mb ssPhssh-hn-y-f
- nsemw A-c
a
- m-bXv Htc-sbmcp ]Zmam-sWp ]d-bp-tm \mw Xw ]d-bm-dn-. Fm temInse aX- {]]-
- ns {kjvSm-hmbn AZr-iy-amb
Htc-sbmcp Cuiz-cs\ {]Ion-p-tm Nne AXns\
Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw thsd Nne Aan-Xa
- mbn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.
Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv XpS-p--Xp-Xs PK-nsemw Cui Bh-kn-p-p-sp ]d-p-sIm-m-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

164

Cui-\mWv At\Iw s]mcp-fnse Hcw. ]-`q-Xm--Iamb {]]-hpw B {]]--nse F-a \ma-cq-]-fpw

At\Iw s]mcp-fp-I-fmbn Fm-hp--Xm-Wv. Cuiz-cs\ aX-fpsS krjvSn-bmbn sXn--cn-p--h-cp-v. Ahsc kw_n-n-S-tmfw Cu Zmi-\n-I-{]-tl-fn-Isb Xom Ignbp-Xv, ]c-aamb Imc-W-n \nmWv Cu temIw PmXam-bsXpw F-a krjvSn-Pm-e--fn- B ]c-a-Im-cWw
A-ambn Ccn-p-p-spw Adn-bp--Xn-eqsSbmWv.
CXn-eqsS Ahv Hcp ka-\z-b-_pn ssIh-cn-m\m-Ipw.
{]]--nse \m\m-Xz-v ]c-am-k-sb B{ibn-msX \ne-\n-evm-\m-hp-Ib
- n-. ]c-am-k
- bvv {]]-cq]w ssIh-cn-msX nXn-sN-m-\p-am-hp-I-bn-. GIw
At\-Iw Fp Nn-t]mepw Ah-km\w Adn-hn ASpw. t`Z--fn-msX Hm-Ipw.
Adnhp am{Xta Fm AkvXn-X-Ipw Dd-hn-S-am-bn-cnp-p-q. Fm-hpw Cu Xzw Adn-bm Ign-bm-Xv
FpsIm-mWv? Kpcp ]d-bpp, CXv tKm]y-am-sW-v. Cu
Ah-t_m-[-n-semcp cl-ky-kz-`m-h-ap-v. hnjbhmk-\IfpsS in-bmb Xn--aqew B-_pn sXfn-p-Inm hfsc {]bm-kambXp-sIm-mWv Kpcp CXv tKm]-\obsap ]d-bp-X
- v. ]d-p-sIm-Sp-mepw _pn-sImv a\n-em-m-sa--msX A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS Xe-n hc-W-san hmk-\m-bw Dmbn B-tN-X\
- b
- n a\v \njv]-am-I-Ww.

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74
s]mSn-sbm-cp-`q-hn-e-kw-Jy-a-sm-Sn-p
sSp-samcp `qhn-Xn-\n `n-`mhw;
PU-a-a-cp--Xp-t]mse Nnnepw Nn
pS-en-ep-an-n-Xn-\m-en-tXmn-teIw.

s]mSn
Hcp `qhn
AkwJyw
B s]mSnv DsSpw

Hcp `qhv
CXn-\n `n-`mhw

AXp-t]mse
PUw Nnnepw
Nnv DS-enepw
Aa-cpp
Cv CXn-\m
Hmn
CXv
GIw

s]mSn
Cu `qan-bn
F-a- X
- mWv.
B s]mSn-bpsSsbmw
Dm-bn-cn-pXv
Htc-sbmcp `qanbmWv.
`qan-bn\npthdnv s]mSntm s]mSnbn\np thdnv `qantm
\ne-bn-.
AXp-t]mse
PU{]IrXn Adn-hnepw
Adnhv PUhkvXp-fnepw
D-en-bpp.
CXp-sIm-p-Xs ChnsS
a\\w sNbvXp t\mn-bm
Nnpw PUhpw
HmWv.

Cu

`qan apgp-h\pw s]mSn-sImv Xnn-\n-d-ncn-p-Ib

- mWv. s]mSn Fm kqvaa
- mb Xcn-If
- m-W.v Fsmw
Xc-n-ep s]mSn-I? B[p-\n-Ii
-- mkv{Xw ]d-bp-Xv ]ca-tc-Wp-
- sImmWv {]]-w- \nn-Xa
- m-bn-p-Xv FmWv. Ce-Ivt{SmWpw t{]mtmWpw \yqt{SmWpamWv Hcp B-ns DL-S-I-. C-s\-bp F-a ]c-am-Wp
{]]--\nn-Xn-bn ]p-tNn-cn-p-p-v. Kpcp ChnsS
Btm]tZiiXIw

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`qan-bnse s]mSnsbbmWv DZm-lc

- W-n-s\-Sp-p-X
- v. Kpcphns Cu Zmi-\n-I-hn-Nmcw hni-Z-amb A-n-emWv
\mw a\-n-em-t--Xv. Ipih Hcp IpSw Dm-n-bm
AXn-\p-]t- bm-Kn Ifn-av s]mSn-bm-Wv. B IpSw apgp-h
s]mSn-bmWv. B s]mSn-Ifnsemw IpSancn-p-psp ]dbp-Xv AXn-it- bm-n-b
- . IpS-n\v BIm-cw \Ip-Xv
s]mSn-Ifm-Wv. s]mSnIsf hnv IpS-nt\m IpS-s-hnv
s]mSntm nXn-sN-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. Atmpw Ctm
pw Dtn-cn-p Cu Ah Xs-bmWv \psS
AkvXn-Xbnepw D-Xv.
\mw a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw Nne-tm-sgms cmbn
]Ip-p-hv a\-n-em-n-tm-cm-dp-v. sds\ sUmv F
]mm-Xy-Nn--I-\mWv a\-n-t\bpw ico-c-tbpw ]ncn-phv Nn-bvsmcp cq]-`-{ZX sImp-h-cp-hm {ian--Xv.
Fm sUmns Nn tcmKm-Xp-ca
- mb Hcp hyn-Xzn-te-mWv a\p-jys\ \bn-X
- v. a\pw ico-chpw csp
[cn-p-X
- n-eqsS Pohn-X
- ns Akw-Xp-en-Xm-h XpS-pI-bm-bn. Kpcp a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw PU-am-bmWv IXv. Nnv Adn-hm-Wv. NnmWv a\-n-t\bpw ico-ct- bpw
{]Im-in-n-p-X
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- m-Wv.
Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`mXnAXns {]ImiwsImmWv
ChnsS khhpw {]Im-in-p-Xv F D]-\n-jZ- vhm-Iys
Kpcp Cu tmI-n kzmwio-Ic
- n-p-p. ]mm-Xy-XzNnbvpt]mepw `{ZX \evIp Xc-n-emWv Kpcp ka-\zbs Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-X
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Hcn-epw kw`-hn-n-n-- Fpw PU-n Nnv A-an-cnp-Ibpw Nnn PUw A
- a
- n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-sv
Kpcp shfn-s-Sp-n. Imev]-\n-I-ambn a\p-jy krjvSn-
t`Z_p-n-Is
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- mWv sNp-Xv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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75
{]IrXn Pew X\p t^\-am-gn-bm-m
hl-a-l-sa--e-bp--Xqn-Pmew
AI-ae
- c- m-dn-shms app-Xm Xm
\pI-cp-h-Xm-a-ar-Xm-b-Xnp \q\w.
{]IrXn Pew
X\p t^\w

Bgn Bm

Alw Alw Fv
Ae-bp-Xv
Dun-Pmew
AI-a-e-cm
Adn-shms
app-Xm
Xm Aar-Xm-b-Xnv

\pI-cp-hXmw \q\w

{]IrXn Pe--kam\amWv.
ico-c- sh-p-an-f-I
t]mse-bm-Wv.
Bm-hn\p kmK-c-ns
kz`m-h-am-Wv.
Rm Rm Fv
ey-an-msX Ae-bp-Xv
Xcw-K\
- n-cI
- f
- mWv.
B-kq-\-ambn hncnbp
Adn-hp-I-sfmw
]c-am-\-am-Ip app-IfmWv.
Hcp-h Ahsb Aar-X_np-
fmbn ChnsS
Xo-bmbpw \pIcpp.

]-a-I-fn-eq-tSbpw _nw_--fn-eq-tSbpw {]Xo-I--fn-eqtSbpw kwkm-cn-p-Xv temIv Fhn-sS-bp-ap ]ucmWn-I-amb Bym-n-Ikmln-XnI-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.

B ]ucm-Wn-I-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS In apdn-bm irwJesb {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNp {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphpw D]-a-Ifn- e q- s SX- s - b mWv Bm- t \z- j - I - \ n Aar- X - h jw
sNmcn-bp--Xv. Bmhv Bgn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bgn Htc-kabw Bg-ap-Xpw A\--hp-am-Wv. Cu Ah-\n-bn Bgntb-m t{ijvT-amb Hcp D]-asb Bm-hn-s\-p-dnv ]dbm thsd Hcp hkvXp-hnepw Zin-m-\m-hp-Ibn-. B
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Bgn-bnse Pew-t]m-se-bmWv {]Ir-Xn. Pe-amWv Bgnv

k-bm-bn-cn-p--Xv. Bgn-bpsS D-Sw Pe-am-Wv. Bgn
kpvam-n AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. Bmhv AtKm-N-c-ambn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se. Fm Pew tKmN-c-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xnt]m-se. B Pew Ipan-f-Iv cq]w sImSp-p-tm
AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-bn ImWp sshhn-[y-am ico-c
- fmbn ImW-Ww. Pe-ns hSn-hp-I-fmWv t^\-. {]IrXn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a--fmWv AWp apX B\-h-sc-bp
Fm Poh-i-co-c--fpw.
\nc-\n-c-bmbn Ae-psIm-n-cn-p Xcw-K-Pm-e-
Al--bm-Wv. Xcw-K-\n-c-I FmWv At\z-jn-p-Xv?
Ah Ic-bn-tev HmSn-b-Wv kzbw Xn--Iv ISenXs Xncnpe-bn-p-p. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Alw
hnj-b
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ImWm-dp-v. Kpcp A{X-am-{Xw IS-ens\ ASp-d
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- b
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76
aW-e-f-hp sNmcn hm]n-bn-t
eWn-b-Wn-bm-be hoin-Sp--hw
A\r-X-]-c-c hoin-b--cm-m
hns\-b-Ita _lp-cq-]-am-n-Sp-p.
aW Af-hv
sNmcn
hm]n-bn-t
AWn AWn-bmbv
Ae hoin-Sp hw
A\r-X-]-c-c hoin

A-cm-m-hns\
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Aan-X-ambn aW
hoWp-sIm-n-cn-p
Ipf-n
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Ae-am-e-I Dm-Ip--Xpt]mse
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im-amb B-cn-I-t_m-[s
Dn-h-p-Xs
]
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mhv kzhpw \nehp-amb Hcp Pe-cm-in-t]m-se-bmWv. Hcp Ipf-nse Pe-n-t\m-SmWv Bm-hns\ Kpcp
D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. B Ipf-n-tev \nc--c-ambn aW
hoWp-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
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- -Spp. Ipfw apgph Ae-am-eI
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- f
- psS Imp aqew _mly-hn-jb
-
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mSn-p-tm s]mbvtmIp-p. Nn-hr-n-I \m\mXz-{`aw Df-hm-pp. {]]-n shdppw Bk-nbpw
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amdnamdn P\n-p-p. Pohn-X

- nse Fmhn[ sshIm-cn-I{]-p-_v[X
- I
- fpw kw`-hn-p-Xv C-c
- n-em-Wv. hmk-\Isf hna-eo-I-cn-p-IbmWv hmk-\-bpsS aWm-Sn Ipdbvp-hm Htc-sbmcp t]mwh-gn. a\v kmXzn-I-amIp-tm
hnj-b-hr-n-I krjvSn-p BLmXw Ipd-bp-p. ]XRvPen aljn-bpsS tbmK-kq-{X-n Ahn-Zy, Akvan-X,
cmKw, tZzjw, A`n-\n-thiw Fn-h-bmWv ti--fmbn ]dn-cn-p--Xv. A\r-X]-c--cbvv aqe-Im-cWw Ahn-Zy-bmWv. Ahn-Zy-bn\n-mWv ap \mep ti-fpw P\n-p-Xv. AkvanX Alw-`m-h-am-Wv. Alw-`mhw cmK-tZz-j-tmsS
am{Xta s]cp-am-dp-I-bp-q. cmK-tZz-j- aqe-amWv PohnXm-k-nbpw ac-W-`-bhpw \ne-\n-evp--Xv. AXmWv _\w. Nn-hr-n-Isf \ntcm-[n--W-sa-n ti-sf X\qI-cn--Ww. Nn-n\v GIm-{KX e`n-p-tm kam[n
A\p-`-h-sp XpS-pw.
tSmtm-bn-bpsS Am-Ic
- n-\o\ F hntizm-c
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Pohn-X
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aW hogp-X
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Imap-I IS-p-h
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- a
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Cf-n-ad- n-p. IpSpw-__
-
-
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p. kvt\l-n\p
thn-bp anYy-bmb ]c-w-]m-n-en Imen--Sn-bnse
Dd \new \jvSs
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m-f-n NmSn B-lXy sNbvXp. tSmkvtmbn-bpsS
Cu t\mh{]ta-b
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- b
- n im-am-bn-cnm am{Xw A\p-hZ- n-pI.

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77
]c-samcp hnp, ]c in Imm
adn-h-\-e, Pe-a-, -an-{n-bmw
[c-Wnbn-Xn-s\bpXz-ambv \n
scn-bp-an-Xns cl-ky-taI-am-Ipw.
]c-samcp hnv
]c in Immw

Adnhv A\-e
Pew Aw
C{n-bmw [cWn
CXn-s\

Ap Xz-ambv
\ns-cnbpw
CXns clkyw

GI-amIpw

]c-a-amb Bm-hmWv BImiw.

khhym-]n-bmb ambm-i-nbmWv Imm-bn-cn-p-X
- v.
A-cWw An-bmWv.
C{n-b- Pe-amWv.
C{n-b-hn-j-b--fmWv `qan.
GI-amb kXyw Nn-U--fmbn
Hcp hyh--bn
Ap Xz-ambn
\nebvmX Pzen-pp.
Ap `qX-fpw Adnhns Ap `mh-fpw
tNscn-bp Xz-c-lkyw
GI-amWv.

{]

]w Hcp hyh-bmWv (system). B hyh \nbXamb Nne \nb-a

- f
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- v. _mly-tem-Iv {]]-
- n-s\mcp hyh-b
- p-Xp-t]m-eX
- s B-cI
- t- em-Ipw Hcp hyh-b
- p-v. Cu
cp hyh-I
- fpw Hn-pXmWv Pohn-X-ns tbmKm-I-X. hyjvSnbpw ka-jvSnbpw Pohn-X-n-emWv ka-\z-bns kwKoXw Is-t--Xv. ka-kvXXtbbpw sshcpy--fn-msX Dsm-p Hcp Nnm-kw-hn-[m-\sn
{^ntPm^v Im{] Pohs amdme (Web of Life) F {Kn khn-kvXcw NsNp-p-v. AIw ]pdw F t`ZBtm]tZiiXIw

172

an-msX ka-{K-ambn Nnn-p Hcp LS-\-sb (structure)

Atlw aptm-p-hb
- vp-p. systems thinking, network thinking, holistic thinking, organismic thinking F-sm-sbmWv
Atlw B Nnm-co-Xnp t]cp-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-X
- v.
{io\mcm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hm-Is {]]---C-{n-b--A---c-Wsf aptXs hfsc ASppw apd-tbm-Spw-IqSn Adn-bp
hn[w ]d-p-X
- n-cn-p-Ib
- m-W.v Hcp hiv BIm-iw,- hm-bp,
An, Pew, ]rYn-hn- Chsbms-t _mly-{]-]
- w. C\n
B-c{- ]-]
-
- n- Xp-ey-ambn ]c-aa
- mb t_m[w, ]c-S- np ambm-in, A--c-W-n {]kv^p-cn-p Adnhp-I, C{n-b
- , C{n-bm- Ch An-t\bpw ]`q-X
- f
- p-ambn Xn-d
- n-bW
- w. BImiw \apv ]cn-Nn-Xa
- m-W.v
Fm ]c-aa
- mb Bm-Imiw \apv ]cn-Nn-Xa
-
- . AXp-sImmWv BIm-i
- ns A\-X
- bpw Hu-Xyhpw kqvaX
- bpw
khhym-]I
- X
- bpw Fmw IW-n-se-Sp-p-sImv ]c-aa
- mb
t_m[s BIm-i-hp-ambn tNp-a\-n-em-p--Xv.
hmbp-hns in A{]-Xn-lX
- a
- m-Wv. Fm-bn-Spw ]c-Sn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Imn-t\m-SmWv ambm-i
- nsb _s-Sp-p--Xv. sNdnb AWp apX BImiwhsc- khnepw ambm-in Hfnpw sXfnpw hoip-p-v. A-c-W-n Ap-cn-p Fm Adn-hp-Ifpw An-X
- zam-Wv. C{n-b--fm-Is Pe-X-z-s-bmWv {]Xn\n[m\w
sNp-X
- v. [c-Wnsb C{n-bh
- n-jb
-
- f
- p-ambn tbmPn-n-d
- nb-Ww. Atm \mw Nnnv Hcn-epw ImSp-Ib
- dn t]mhp-Ibn-. tIh-et- _m-[
- n Ch-sbmw Hcp hyh-t- bm-Sp-IqSn
s]cp-amdp-Xv kmn-sb-tmse t\mn-m-Wm Ign-hp-mIpw. Cu cl-ky-m\w knn tbmKn-I A]qhPohnXn-s Ah-Im-in-If
- m-Wv. hnj-b
- sf Adn-bp-Xv At\Iw
apJ-t- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-W.v B-m\w GI-am-W.v AXdnm
]ns Hpw Adn-tb--Xm-bn-n-.

Btm]tZiiXIw

173

78
ac-W-hp-an ]pd-p-an hmgvhpw
\c-kp-c-cm-Zn-bp-an \ma-cq]w
acp-hn-e-a acoNn \ocp-t]m \n
evs]mcps]mcpfmw s]mcp-f
- n-tXmn-tSWw.
ac-Whpw C
]pdpw C
hmgvhpw
\c-k-p-c-cm-Znbpw C
\ma-cq]w

acp-hn Aa
acoNn \ocp-t]m
\nevs]mcp s]mcpfmw
CXv s]mcp-f
Hmn-tSWw

ac-Whpw C.
P\-\hpw C.
AXn-\n-S-bn-ep Pohn-Xhpw C.
a\p-jy, tZh-m XpS-n-bh
- cpan.
Ch-sbmw {]Xo-Xn-am-{X--fmb
\ma-fpw cq]-fpw am{XamWv.
acp-`q-an-bn ImWm-dp-
Pe-{]-Xo-Xn-t]mse
\ne-\n-p Hm-WnXv.
\ma-cq-]-- ]c-a-amb kXy-a.
CXv Ftmgpw kvacn--Ww.

c-Wa
- mWv a\p-jys\ hmsX `b-s-Sp-p-X
- v. acn-ptm \apv ]eXpw \jvSa
- m-Ip-X
- p-t]mse tXmpw.
Cu temI-nse kpJ- ]ns A\p-`h
- n-p-hm Ignbp-Ib
- n-. ac-Wa
- p-X
- p-sImv am{X-amWv a\p-jy kXys
At\z-jn-p-X
- p-t]m-epw. ItTm-]\
- njn A`n-i]
- vX\
- mb
\Nn-tI-Xv arXyp-h{-n-tev [oc-Xt- bmsS \S-p-sNv
tNmZn-p tNmZyw, arXyp-hns\ Fs\ AXn-ew-Ln-m
Ignbpw FmWv. knm-cm-PI
- p-am-c ac-W
- ns _o`-apJw Iv `bpw ZpxJnpw BWv sImmcw hnv Cd-ntm-bX
- v, ac-W
- n-s\mcp ]cn-lm-ca
- nt F-dn-bm thn.
Kpcp ]d-bpp: ac-Whp-an ]pd-p-an. Rm acn-p-n.
ImcWw Rm P\n-n-n. Kpcp B-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. P\n-n-nm Kpcp-hn-s\-p-dn-mWv \mw Xn-p-X
- .v P\n-n-n-m
Btm]tZiiXIw

174

Hcp Kpcp-hns t]cn-emWv \mw kwL-S\

- I
- s
- fms Dmn
AWn-\n-c
- p-X
- v. Kpcp hopw ]d-bpp: PohnXhpw C.B-tm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
-
- ns clkyw t_m[y-s-SW-sa-n
euIn-I_
- p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nnn-m ]mSn-. B-_pn sXfnph-cW
- w. Rm Bm-hm-sW-d
- n-bp-tm imco-cn-Ia
- mb
AkvXn-Xb
- n\n-smw hnap-\
- m-Ipw. Bm-hm-Is P\\-ac
- W
-
- f
- n-msX Fpw \ne-\np- D-bm-W.v
ico-c-amWv P\n-p-Xpw \ne-\np-Xpw acn-p-Xpw. Rm ico-c-am-sWp Icp-Xp--h acn-p-p. ico-cn-s\-s-nepw Xw ]n-bm ZpxJn-p-p. Pohn-X-nep-S-\ofw Ch ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Ip-s-Sp--ep-I-fp-ambn Pohnp-t]m-cpp. Fm Kpcp \sf Bm-hn-tev Wnp-I-bm-Wv. Bm-hn Rm a\p-jy t]mep-a-. tIhew
{]Im-iw am{Xam-Ip-p. Bm-hn tZh-mtcm Akp-cmtcm C. B-t_m[w DW-h\v Chsbmw \mafpw cq]-fpw am{X-am-Wv. Npp-s]mp shbn-ev acp`q-an-bn-eqsS Zml-P-e-n-\p-thn Ae-bp-tm A-Ise
Pem-ibw ImWp-p. shw sIn-n-S
- p-- {]XoXn. ]t,
F{X \S-npw B Pem-i-b-n-tev \ap-v Fm Ignbp-n-. Pem-ibw AI-p-t]m-bvsm-t-bn-cn-pp. AXp
Im\ P-e-am-Wv. Im\ Fm tXm Fm-Ww.
Im\P-ew-sImv Zmlw Xocp-I-bn-. Im\P-e-n\p
bmYm-X-Yy-amb \ne-\nn.
AXp-t]mse P\-\hpw ac-Whpw \ne-\npw Fmw
B-n-X-\mb Hcp-h-\n acp-`q-an-bn ImWp Pe-{]XoXn t]msebmWv. shbn Ipd-bptm {- ]-Xo-Xnbpw \jvSamIpp. CXp-t]m-se--bmWv Pohn-Xhpw. s\Snb In\m-hmWv
PohnXw Fp ]d Kpcp-hn\v AtX kzc-ns
]dbmw, ac-W-hp-an ]pd-p-an Fv.

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79
P\n-k-abw nXn-bn Pn-b-\y
W-a-Xn-en-n-Xn-cn--sX-{]-Imcw?
l\-\-hp-an--s\-X-s-bm-I-bmte
P\-\-hp-an-nXp NnZv{]-`m-h-sa-mw.
P\n-k-abw
nXn-bn
Pn
A\y--W-a-Xn
C
CXv Ccn-Xv F{]-Im-cw

l\-\hpw Cs\ Xs
BI-bmte
P\-\-hp-an
CXv Fmw
NnZv{]`mhw

P-\n-p thf-bn
Pnbvv \n-eX C.
P-\n-p--h
P\n--Xn-\p-tijw
\ne-\n-evpn-.
Htc-k-abw Pnbpw P\n--h\pw
Hn-n-cn-p-Xv F-s\-bmWv?
P\-\-s-tm-se-X-s -a-c-Whpw
C-s\-Xs- -bm-Wv.
AXp-sImv
P-\-\-hp-an- (ac-W-hp-an-)
ChnsS ImWp--sXmw
Adn-hns Ap-X-I-c-amb
in-{]-I-S\w am{Xw.

\n-pI F-sXmcp {Inb-bm-W.v {Inb Fm Ne-\a

- mWv. Nen-p Hn\p \n-eX
- b
- n-. P\n-bvp--h-\mtcm
Ah-\mWv Pn. P\-\-ns DSa Ah-\m-Wv. \S-\-am-Sp-tmgmWv Hcph \-I-\m-Ip--Xv. \S\w Ign-m Ah
\-I-\-. ]mSp thf-bn Ah \-I-\-, Kmb-I\m-Wv. {Inb-sN-p ka-b-mWv {Inbbvv Im-hp-Xv. Pnbvv P\-\-th-f-bn nXn-bn-. \n-e-X-sb-bmWv
nXn Fp ]d-bp--Xv. {InbmIm-e-n Im-hn\v
AXp-sImv nXn-bn-. P\\w F {Inb \S-p thfbn Pnv AXn nXn-sN-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. P\n-bvpI

Btm]tZiiXIw

176

F {Inb-bn Pn F \maw Htc-k-abw hn-bvpXv Hcp sshcp-y-am-Wv. Pn ssXn-Ia

- mb Hcp \ne-bmWv. AsXmcp {]{In-bb
-
- . Cu {]tl-fn-Im-P\
- y-amb hmgvhns
cl-ky-n-tev shfnw hoip Cu tmIw [ym\m-I
- ambn Cg-]n-cn-s-Sp-t Hm-Wv. P\n-p ka-bv Pn
bvv nXn Cm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw P\\w Ign-m ]ns
Pn Fp hnfn-m Ign-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. P\\w
F {]{In-bb
- n\npw thsdmcp {]{In-bb
- n-tep IS-ptm Ahn-tSbpw Pnp m\-an-msX t]mIp-p. Cu temIw NnUkw-Lm-X-am-Wv. Ne-\hpw \n-eXbpw IqSn--e-Xm-Wv. t_m[w \n-e-am-Wv. temIw Nenp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xm-Wv. Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-I-bm-sWn IS-ens Bg-n \n-e-X-bp-m-bn-cn-thXs
apI-cv {]p-_v[a
- m-bn-cn-pw. thsdmcp DZm-lc
- Ww FSpp-Ib
- m-sW-n Npg-en-m-n-s \m`n- \n-ea
- mb Hcp tI{amWv. Cu tmIw Du sImSp-p-Xv Fm {Inb-Ifpw
Adn-hn \S-p Ap-X-I-c-amb {]`m-h- am{X-amsWp ]d-bm-\m-Wv. Adnhv mXmhv F \e-bn \nehpw {Inb F \ne-bn Ne-\m--I-hp-am-Wv. {]]w
Dmbn \ne-\n\v ad-p-t]m-Ipp FXv Adn-hn \Sp Hcp {`a-I-ev]-\-bmWv. Hcp bmYmy-a-. P\-\hpw
ac-Whpsamw B alm-{]-`m-h-n kw`-hn-p- tXmep-I-fm-Wv. B-t_m[w sXfn-bp-tm Cu {]`m-h-ns
ImnI-X-bn\npw \mw ap-cm-Ipw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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80
nXn-KX
- n-t]mse hntcm-[n-bmb krjvSn
nXn-eb
- s- a-smcp Znn-semp hmgpw?
KXn-bnh aqn-\p-sa-p-an-n-tXmm
nXn apX-em-bh Kocp am{X-amIpw.
nXn-K-Xn-t]mse

hntcm-[n-bmb

krjvSn-nXn ebw

Fsmcp Znn
Hp hmgpw
Ch aqn\pw

KXn Fpw C
CtXmm
nXn apX-em-bh
Kocp am{X-amIpw

Hcp hkvXp nXn sNp-tm

Nen-p-n-. Nen-p-tm B
hkvXp nXn sNp-p-an-.
Cs\ nXnbpw KXnbpw Htck-abw tNcm--Xp-t]mse
krjvSn, nXn, ebw Fo
{]{In-b-I
F-s\-bmWv Htc-bn-Sv
Hn-n-cn-p-Xv?
krjvSn, nXn, ebw
Ch aqn\pw
kzX-{-amb Hcp AkvXn-X-bn-.
Cs\ hnNn-\w sNbvXm
`qan apX-emb Fm `qX-fpw
shdpw hmp-I am{Xam-sWp
t_m[y-am-Ipw.

{]

]-
- n Ip-t]m-cp ]e- kw-`h
-
- f
- nepw Hfn-ncn-p sshcp-y-sf kqva-X-tbmsS hnNn-\w
sNm-sX-bmWv \mw IS-p-t]m-n-p--Xv. ImWp--Xns\
ImWp-X
- p-t]mse kzoI-cnv hmkvXh
- s
- av Fp-Ib
- mWv
\mw sNp-X
- v. Hcp hkvXp Hcn-Sv nXn sNpp Fp
]d-m B hkvXp \n-em-h
b
- n-emWv F-dn-bW
- w.
]ns AXn-\v F-s\-bmWv Ne\w Dm-hpI? hkvXp Htbpp Fn AXv ]ns FhnsS\nv Ftmv Nenpw?
Btm]tZiiXIw

178

Nen-pXv Hcn-S
- p-\nv thsdm-cn-St- -m-W.v Ne\w XpSm HcnSw thWw. Ah-km-\n-m HcnSw thWw. AXn-\nS-bn-ep A-cmfhpw thWw. Bmhn\p P-ap-sp ]dbp-Ib
- m-sW-n AXn\p \mihpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. P\n-n-W-sa-n thsd Hv Dm-bn-cn--Ww. Atm cv D
Dm-Ip-p. cv D-Iv Htc-bn-Sv Htc-ka
- bw Ccn-m
Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. Hcp tai hn-cn-p CSv Hcp Itk-cp
nXn sNm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. AXp-sImv B-k GIam-bn-cn-p-X
- n-\m B-k
- b
- n Ne-\a
- n-. Ne-\a
- n-m
Hn\v \n-ea
- mbn \nt Bh-iy-hp-an-. N\-ea
- n-m-Xv
\n-ea- m-IW
- s
- av ]d-bp-Xv Hcp sshcp-y-am-W.v {]]-{- ]Xn`m-k
- ns sshcp-y-s-bmWv Cu tmIw FSpp ImWnp-X
- .v
krjvSn FXv Hcp Ne-\a
- m-W.v ebw As-n \miw
Fp ]d-bp-Xv thsdmcp Ne-\a
- m-W.v AXn-\n-Sb
- n-ep \ne\nn-s\-bmWv nXn Fp ]d-bp-X
- .v CsXms Bk-b
- psS GI-Xsb [ym\n-p-dh\v shdpw hmp-I am{Xam-bn-o-cpw. \mw hyh-lm-ct- em-I
- n A\p-`h
- n-p Fm
A\p-`h
-
- f
- nepw hmp-If
- m \nn-s
- {]m]-n-It- _m[-amWv \s \nb-{n-p--Xv. B-t_m-[-n\npw
hmns {]k-n-Isf ASn-am-n-bm krjvSn Fpw
nXn Fpw ebw Fpw \mw ]d-p-t]m-cp {]{In-bIfpw Ah-km-\n-pw. Bmhv \n-ea
- m-W.v Bmhv A]-cnWm-an-bm-W.v ""hmNm-cw-`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw arn-tI-tXyh
kXyw'' F Omtm-tKym-]\
- n-j
- nse hmIy{]Imcw hnImc-s
- fmw shdpw hmp-I am{X-am-W.v Nn-bnepw Ie-nepw
IpS-nepw av am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-p. Nnbpw Iehpw IpShp-samw shdpw hmp-I am{X-am-W.v

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81
{]IrXn ]ncn-smcp Iqdp t`mr-cq]w
kI-e-hp-ambv shfntb kap--knpw
Cl-]-c-am-samcp Iqdn-Z--bmte
hnI-kn-Xam-anXp t`mKy-hn-iz-am-Ipw.
{]IrXn ]ncnv
Hcp Iqdv
t`mr-cq]w
Hcp Iqdv
CZ-b
- mte
Cl-]-camw
kI-e-hp-ambn
shfntb kap--knpw
CXv
hnI-kn-Xamw
t`mKy-hn-iz-amIpw

B-i
- n-bmb {]IrXn ]ncnv
Hcp `mKv
t`mm-hmbn \np-p.
adp-`m-Kv
CZ ImcWw
Cl-]c-
- f
- mb
Fm-ambn
_mly-temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-p-p.
CXmWv
hnI-knp \np
t`mKy-hn-iz-am-bn-cn-p--Xv.

kp

Jntev Nmbp-Xv Pohn-IfpsS k-l-P-amb hmk\-bm-Wv. temI-hn-jb

-
- f
- n-emWv kpJ-an-cn-p-s
- X
A_--[m-cW Am-\-ns IqsS-n-d-m-Wv. AXv a\pjy-sc-tmse ap Pohn-I-tfbpw _m[n-n-p-v. \ Imem-h-bp CS-tv ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I k-cn-p-X
- p-t]mse
Bfp-Ifpw t]mIm-dpv. k-mWv kpJ-ns {]`hw
Fp IcpXnbmWv AXp CS- fn- t ev Bfp- I
t]mIp-Xv. kpJs Xnc-p-sIm-mWv a\p-jy Hmtcm
\nan-jhpw Pohn-p-X
- v. hnj-b
- fn kpJw Xnc-bp-tmgpw
kpJ-ns bYm Dd-hnSw hnNmcw sNbvXp a\-n-emp-hm km[m-c-W-mp Ign-bm-dn-. BcmWv kpJs
A\p-`-hn-p-Xv? A\p`-hn-p--h t`mKn-bm-Wv. t`mKn
Al-b
- m-Wv. Bmhv Xs-bmWv t`mKn-bmbn cq]m-cw
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{]m]n-n-cn-p--Xv. Bm-hns\ Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-p

{]IrXn cv Iqdp-I-fmbn ]ncnv Hcp hiv t`mmhpw
adp-hi
- v t`mKy-hn-iz-hp-ambn hne-kp-p. Bm-hns inbmWv {]Ir-Xn. temIs `pPn-p-hm-\p Xm-sd-Sp-m-WnXv. hnj-bs `pPn-W
- s
- a-n Bmhn\v t`mm-hns
aqSp-]S- a
- W
- n-bW
- w. ckm-kzm-Z\
- a
- mWv t`mm-hns the. ckap hnj-b--fpsS ]dp-Zo-k-bmWv t`mKy-hn-izw. ckhkvXp am{Xta t`mm-hn\p {]nbX Dm-p-p-q. A{]nbw
Df-hm-p hkvXp-sf Xn-f
- b
- p-tmgpw t`mm-hn
ckw P\n-pw. t`mmhv A\p-`h
- n-p-sIm-n-cn-p CutemIw cp Xc-n-ep kpJw {]Zm\w sNp-p-v. Nne
t`mKy- A\p`-hth-f-bnXs kpJw \Ip-p. Ah
sFln-I--fm-Wv. NneXv Iptd IgnmWv ^ew \IpXv. Ah ]c-f
- m-Wv.
\psS hmbntev Hcp a[p-c-]-e-lmcw Cp-X-cn-I-bmsW-n Atms \ap-X
- ns ck-ad
- n-bmw. kpJw
A\p-`h
- n-p-Ib
- pw sNmw. Fm Hcp hmg hm Iptd
Ign-mWv \ap-X
- ns ^ew e`n-p-X
- v. I-f
- psS
^ew Cs\ ]ncnp- \np-X
- ns\ ASn-m-\a
- m-nbmWv Clw]cw F hnh Kpcp tNn-cn-p--Xv.
t`mm-hn\p tap-\S-
- p-hm-\p CS-amWv t`mKy-hn-izw.
AXv {]IrXn-bpsS Hcp hiam-Wv. t`mm-sh ]pdhpw
t`mKy-hn-iz-sa adp-]p-dhpw tNv hyh-lm-cPohnXw hnIkn-X-am-Ip-p. CZ--bmWv t`mKy-hn-izs kwc-Nn-p-Xv. Al--bpsS {]Xn-Zz--amWv CZ-. {]IrXn a\p-jys\
hw Id-p-Xv ^te--tbm-Sp-IqSn I-n Gs-Sptm-gm-Wv. t`mm-hm-b Poh\v ^te--bn-msX Iw
sNm-\m-hp-I-bn-. Rm t`mm-h-, Ikmn-bmb
Bm-hm-sWv sXfn-bp-X
- mWv tamN-\a
- mw. B-kzcq]w Ftmgpw hnIm-cc
- l
- n-Xa
- mbmWv- \ne-sIm-p-Xv. \mw
B Bkzcp]w Xs-bm-Wv.

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82
Ac-Wn-I-S-s-gp-a-n-t]msebmcm
bvhh-cnen-cp--Xn-c-sgpw hnthIw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am `m\p-hmbv \n
scn-bp-a-Xn-n-c-bm-bn-Spp khw.
AcWn IS-sgpw

An-t]mse
Bcmbvhh-cn Ccpv

AXn-c-sgpw hnthIw

]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am

`m\p-hmbv \ns-cnbpw

AXnv
Cc-bm-bn-Spp khw

AcWn IS-bp-tm AXn

\npw Pzen-p-b-cp
Xo t]mse
m\s At\z-jnp--h-cn\nv
AXn-cp-I-fn-msX DZn-p-bp-cp
m\-{]-Imiw
]c-a-amb NnZm-Im-i-n
\nd-p- \np
mRm\kq-cy-\mbn Fcn-psIm-n-cnpw
B m\m-n-bn
Fmw In-sb-cn-bp-p.

m-t\z-jWw Hcp X]-m-Wv. X]v Dujvam-hns\

hnIn-cWw sNp--Xm-Wv. Poh Bm-hn-tev hfcp-tm Am-\-ns ]pdw-tXm-Sp-I Dcp-In-ho-gpw. X]\-{Inb \S-p-Xv cv Ac-Wn-I IS-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv. b-Ip-WvUw Pzen-n-p-Xv Ac-Wn-IS-
m-Wv. Ffp-n Ip-]n-Sn-m km[y-X-bp cp ac--j-WfmWv Ac-Wn-I. Ch Xn IS-mWv Xo Dm-p-Xv. Xmsg hn-cn-p Ac-Wnsb A[-cm-cWn Fpw
apI-fn IS-p-sIm-n-cn-p Ac-Wnsb D-cm-cWn
Fp-amWv hnfn-p--Xv. IS-neneqsS NqSv hn-p-Ibpw
ac--j-W-v Xo ]nSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ac-Wn-Ifn
Btm]tZiiXIw

182

Xs An ad-n-cn-p-p-m-bn-cp-p. kwip-a
- mb Anbmbn CXns\ Icp-Xs
- -Sp-p. AcWn IS-bp-Xv {]Xo-Im-Ia
- mb Hcp `mj IqSn-bm-Wv. kv{Xo]p-cp-j
- m ssaYp-\{- ]{In-bb
- n Gs-Sp-tm \S-p-Xpw Hcp aY-\a
- mWv. AnbpsS m\v AhnsS Pzen-p-bc
- p-Xv B\-a
- q-bm-Wv.
ChnsS Pohn-Xa
- m-Ip X]-\{- ]-{In-bb
- n t`mm-hm-b
Al-bpw t`mKy-am-b {]]-hpw Xn-emWv ]c-ak
- m-mXvIm-c-n-\p-thn kwLj-W-n-tes-n-cn-p--Xv.
t`mmhpw t`mKy-hn-izhpw Hcp {]tXyI A\p-cW
- \
- m-I
- X-bn Fn-t-cp-tm Bm-\p-`hw {]f-bm-n-t]mse
Al-t- bbpw euIn-IX
- t- bbpw hngp-n-f
- b
- p-p. ssZzX-f Dshfnhv tXPn-b Hcp kqcy-\m-bn- In-Pz-enp-p. kqcy hnth-I
- ns _nw_-am-Wv. shfn-
- ns
t{kmX-m-W.v shfnw Ccp-ns\ AI-m-\p-X
- m-W.v AtXmsS
Pohn-Xns Ccp in-If
- n\nv \app ]pd-p-IS- m Ign-bpp. Imaw, t{Im[w, Akqb Ch-sbmw m\mn-bn In-m--em-Ip-p. ""bssY-[mwkn kan-tm-nx
`kvak
- mXv Ipcp-tXp\ m\mnx kh-ImWn `kvakmXv Ipcp-tX XYm.'' - - Atbm Ap-\m, \-hw Pzenp-sIm-n-cn-p An hnd-Ip-Isf Fs\ Inp `kvaam-p-pthm AXp-t]mse m-\a
- m-Ip An kh I-tfbpw `kvaa
- m-pp Fv KoXm-Im-c ]d-bp-p. I\miap-bm B-kz-cq-]-n {]XnjvT e`n-p-p.
Cukmm-Xvm-ca
- mWv Btm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- Iw \ap-p-m-n-cp--Xv. PohnXns ]c-a-]p-cp-jm-amb NnZw-_-cntev \s ssI]n-Sn-p-bp-p. kzbw {]Im-inp
`m\p-am-t-Xpt]m-sebmWv B-m-\n-bpsS Pohn-Xw.
khhpw B {]Im-i
- n s]men-p-t]m-Ipw. NnZw-_cw
\ncp-]m-[n-I
m\ns BIm-ia
- m-Wv. CXmWv ]c-aamb
kpJw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

183

83
DS-bp-an-cn-p-ap-Zn-p-sam-p- am-dn
pS-cp-an-Xn-p-S-en kz`m-h-amIpw
apSn-bn-en-cp--dn-bpp aqp-am-m
hnS-c-dp-sam-nXp \nhn-Im-c-amIpw.
DSbpw
Ccnpw
DZnpw
Hp-am-dn-p-Scpw

CXv
Cv DS-en
kz`m-h-amIpw

apSn-bn-en-cpv
Bm
aqpw Adn-bpp
CS-cdpw
HnXv
\nhn-Im-c-amIpw

\inpw
nXn sNpw
P\npw
Hcp cq]w amdn thsdmcp cq]n XpScpw
Cu ]cn-Wmaw
ChnsS ico-c-ns Xe-n
kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw`hn-psIm-n-cnpw
khm-Xo-X-ambn hnv
t_m[w
krjvSn-nXn-eb
-
- sf Adn-bpp.
ZpxJw Ap-t]mb
Cu Bmhv GI-amWv.
Cu Bmhv am-an-m--Xp-amWv.

{io

_p-\mWv _mlyPohn-X-ns Wn-I-X-sb-pdnv Zmi-\n-I-amb Hcp ]cn-t{]yw (perspective)

BZyw hne-bn-cp-n-bX
- v. {]]-h
- k
- vXp-f
- psS P\-\hpw \ne\npw ac-W-hp-samw imiz-X-amb B\-s {]Zm\w
sNp-n-sv Atlw \s t_m[y-s-Sp-n. _p ]dbpp: ""temI-Po-hnXw ic-m-e-ta-L--sf-tm-se-bm-Wv.
Hcp \r-ns Ne-\
- amdn-amdn hcp-X
- p-t]m-se-bmWv
P\-\hpw ac-Whpw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Icn-ta-Lp IpdptI Hfn-an-p hnZyp-X IW-s-bmWv Bbpv IS-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. F{X {ZpX-K-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. sNpBtm]tZiiXIw

184

mb Hcp ae-bn\npw DutmsS Xmtgp {]h-ln-p

Pe-]mXw t]mse-bm-WX.v'' amdn-sm-n-cn-p temIv
\mw Pohn-Xm-kn sImp-\-S-m XpS-bmbn lXm-icm-tI-n-h-cpw. AXp-sIm-mWv _p temI-Po-hn-Xs
ZpxJambn IXv.
Fm {io\mcm-bW
- K
- pcp A-s\-sbmcp hnjm-Zm-I-Xsb ]n-b ]d-bp-X
- v. Hp-m-hp-Ibpw \ne-\npIbpw \in-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ico-c
- ns kz`m-ha
- m-Wv.
kz`mhw Fm am-an-m \nbaw. {]]-
- nse Cu
ssPh-]cn-Wm-a--sfsbmw \app XSp-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n. XSp-m am\-kn-IX
- e
-
- nepw imco-cn-IX
- e
-
- nepw B
k-{]-hmlw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp hnj-a-k-nsb
krjvSn-pw. Fm ChnsS thsdmcp t]mwh-gn- Kpcp ]dbpp: Bmhv krjvSn-nXneb-v AXo-Xa
- mb Dbm-Wv. AXoXw Fp ]d-m krjvSn-n-Xn-e-b-v
]pdv F. Cu aqv {]{In-bI
- fpw Bm-hn\p ]pd-
\S-p-X
- v. Bm-hn-X-s-bm-Wv. Fm Cu aqv {]{Inb-I-fmepw Bm-hn\v Hcp `mh-t`-Zhpw kw`-hn-p-n-.
Bmhv apSn-bn-en-cp-v kmn-bmbn Adn-bpp.
F{_lmw amkvtemhns\tmsebp a\x-im-kv{X Dpw-Km-\p-`qXn (peak experience) Fp ]d-bp-Xv
apSn-bn-en-cpv A\p`hnp-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. apSn Fm
t_m[- ns Dpw- K - amb \ne- b m- W v . `mhm-Xo-XX-ew.
Bmhv Hcp Xc-n-ep hnIm-c
- n\pw ASn-s-Sp-n-. Hcp
Xc-n-ep ZpxJhpw Bm-hns\ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-pan-. AXv
Ftmgpw D-bp-X
- m-Wv F A-n km-W.v AXv
Ftmgpw Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp F A-n NnmWv. AsX-tmgpw kpJn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp F A-n
B\-a- m-W.v

Btm]tZiiXIw

185

84
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-h-\o-hn-Im-c-ap-s
cp-fp-an-tXmn-ek-Xy-ap--Xpho
\nc-h-[n-bmbv \ne-bp \nev]-sX-m
adn-hn-segpw {]Ir-Xn-kz-cq-]-am-Ipw.
Adn-h-Xn-\m
Ah\o hnImcw

Dsv
Acpfpw
DXv Dho
CtXmn AkXyw

\nc-h-[n-bm-bv
\ne-bp \nev]-sXmw

Adn-hn-segpw
{]IrXn kzcq-]-amIpw

Adn-bp--Xp-sImv
ans cq]m--c--fmb Iew,
IpSw apX-em-bh
D-Xm-sWv
\mw ]d-bm-dp-v.
kXyn ap am{Xtabpq.
CXdnm Iew, Nn Fo
hnIm-c--sfmw Ak-Xy-am-Wv.
F-a Xc-n ImW
s-Sp-sXmw
kz-ambn AkvXn-X-bn-m
\ma-cq-]
- f
- mWv
Adn-hn\npw Fgpp hcp
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIm-c-am-Wn-sXmw.

sXmcp hkvXp \nn-p-X

- n\pw Hcp ]Zmw Bhiy-am-Wv. B ]Zm-amWv B hkvXp-hns bYm
k-bm-bn-cn-p-X
- v. kv]nt\mk F ]mm-Xy-Nn-I
-
Cu ksb substance FmWv hnfn-X
- v. Hcp Ipem-e
Ifn-av AcpIpgv AXns\ Ipem-eZ- WvUpw N{Ihpw D]tbm-Knv ]cph-s-Spn ]m{X- Dm-p-p. Nn, Iew,
]m\, IqP, IpSw Chsbmw B Ifn-a-n\nv Ipem-e
DmnsbSp-p-mXm-Wv. Ifn-a-n \nn Hmtcm cq]tbpw t\mn \n- t fmSv tNmZn- p- I - b mWv : ""CsXmWv?'' \n ]dbpw: ""CXp Nn-bmWv, CXp IeamWv,
Btm]tZiiXIw

186

CXp IqP-bmWv.'' Atm Ifn-as

- -hnsStmbn? Iew F
\ma-n-sbpw cq]-n-sbpw ad-hn Ifna-s ]Zmw
ad-p-t]m-bn. \ma-n\pw cq]-n\pw Aan-X-amb {]knbpw {]m[m-\yhpw \mw Adn-bmsX \psS a\v sImSpp-t]m-Ip-p. AXn-\m ksb ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cu {]]-n \nc-h[n cq]-fpw \nc-h[n \ma-fpw tNv
{]]-
- ns kbmb {_s ad-p-hb
- vp-p. \macq-]
- f
- psS taml-he
- b
-
- n Poh\pw IpSp-n-tm-Ip-p.
a\v \ma--fpsS kzm[o-\-n s]n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
B a\-nXs cq]- {]Xn-`-I-fmbn {]Im-in-p-pv. cq]n\v C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp A-kvXn-Xbpw at\mtKm-N-c-amb thsdm-cp AkvXn-Xbpapv. C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb
cq]w hymh-lm-cn-I-am-Wv. C{n-b-tKm-N-c-amb shw IpSnmte \psS Zmlw amdp-I-bp-q. Fm sh-n\v
at\m-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-ap-v. a\-n-e-S-n-bn-cn-p
sh-ns {]Xn` \psS Zmlw amp-I-bn-. ChnsS ]dbsSp cq]m--I-Xbpw \mam--I-Xbpw \nch-[n-bm-Wv.
Ahbvv kz-ambn \ne-\n-ev]n-. ]mc-amn-I-m\n {]Xo-Xn-am-{X-am-bmWv Ah nXn sNp--Xv. Hcph Xs icn-bmb Dsb Is-p-tm a\v krjvSnp auVy-n\npw ]pdp IS-pw. Adn-hns inbmb {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIrXn am{X-amWv ImW-s-Sp {]]w. Iehpw Nnbpw Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse {]]m-\p-`-h-fpw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. BIm-i-n \oe-\ndw
tXmn-p--Xp-t]mse Bm-hn {]]w tXmn-pI
am{X-amWv sNp--Xv. DXv Adnhv am{Xw. Adn-hnen-cn-p-XmWv kzX-{yw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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85
\ng-semcp _nw_-at- ]-n-bmsX \nev]o
segp-ap-e-sI-p-a-_nw-_-am-I-bmte
\ng-ep-a-X-nXp t\cp-a hnZzm
s\gp-Xn-bnSpw ^Wn-t]mse ImWp-samw.
\ng
Hcp _nw_w
At]-n-bmsX
\nev]oe
Fgpw DeIv Fpw

A_nw-_-am-I-bmte

\ng-ep-a-X
CXp t\cp-a
hnZzm
Fgp-Xn-bnSpw
^Wn-t]mse
ImWp-samw

\ng
Hcp _nw_s
B{i-bn--msX
\ne-\np-n-.
Fm-bn-Spw {]Xo-X-am-bn-mWp temIw
Hcp _nw_s B{i-bnp
\ng-en-p--X-.
AXn-\m {]]w \ng-ep-a.
kzbw k D-Xp-a.
NXp-c-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c
hc-
]mn-s\-tmse
Fmw ImW-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

cp Pem-i-b-ns Ic-bn \np-tm \psS cq]w

kv^Sn-I-k-m-i-amb Pem-i-b-n {]Xn-^-en-pp.
\psS cp]w {]Xn-^-en-p-tm ImWsSp-Xv {]Xn_nw-_-am-Wv. _nw_w bYm cq]-am-Wv. Pe-n {]Xn_nw_w ImW-s-Sp-Xv tZlw _nw_-am-bXp-sIm-m-Wv.
{]]w \ng-em-sWv Nne Zmi-\n-I ]d-bm-dp-v. Fm
{]]-w Hcp \ngemsWp hnNm-cn-m Hcp \ymbhpw
ImWp-n-. {]]w {]Xn-_nw-_-am-sW-n {]]--n\p
Imc-W-am-b _nw_w Dm-bn-cn--Ww. Bmhv GI-am-Wv.
AZz-b-am-Wv. AsXm-cn-epw \m\m-Xz-tm-Sp-IqSn {]Xn-^en-p-I-bn-. AXp-sImv Bm-hns {]Xn-_nw-_-amWv
Btm]tZiiXIw

188

{]]w Fp ]d-bms\m-p-I-bn-. {]]--n-\m-Is

kzbta Hcp AkvXn-X-bp-an-. \nh-Nn-m Ign-bm coXnbn-emWv {]]--ns \ne. {]]w Dspw Cspw
Htckabw ]d-bm-hp hn[-n \apv A\p-`-h-s-Sp-Xm-Wv. C{n-b-v tKmN-c-am-b-Xp-sImv ]q-ambn
Csp ]d-bm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm Cg ]ncnp ]cntim-[n-m Bmhv am{Xta kXy-am-bn-pq Fp t_m[ys-Spw.
B_v sFo {]]w Ime-n-sbpw tZin-sbpw kn-{i--am-sW-mWv \nh-Nn-X
- v. Fm ssl
k _Kn-s\-tm-ep--h {]]--ns kqva-IWfpsS ]T-\
- n-\mbn Xp\n-t- m ]c-am-Wp- Dspw
Cspw ]d-bm Ign-bm nXn-bn Ahsc Ipg-bvpI-bm-Wp-m-bX
- v. A-s\-bmWv sslk _Kns {]]-kn-mw uncertainty principle Bbn amdn-b-Xv. thZm-hpw
{]]-s Dm-n-m-Wn-p ambsb ""A\nh-N\
- ob''
FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. AXo-h-\n-]p-W-\mb Hcp Iem-Imc Nn{Xw hc-m B Nn{Xw Poh-p--Xmbn tXmm-dp-v.
Hcp ]mn-s\bmWv hc-bvp-s
- X-n B Nn{Xw Im
\mw `bp \ne-hn-fn-pw. A{Xbvpw bYm-X-Y-ambn NXp-c\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c\v hc-bvm Ign-bpw. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv
Bm-hnepw {]]--c-N\ \S-p-Xv. Bm-hn Xsbn-cn-p {]IrXnin-bmWv XqenI ]nSn-p-Xv. CXp
\nh-Nnp a\-n-em-p--Xn-t\-m Bcy-]-c-X-tbmsS
Bkz-Zn-p--XmWv el-cn-Zm-b-Iw.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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86
X\p apX-em-bXp kh-sam-n-sem-n
\r-X-hp-am-b-Xn-\m-se-b-\y-`mKw
A\p-Zn-\-a-kvX-an-bm-Xn-cn--bmte
]p\-cr-Xc- q-]h
- p-ambvsmen-n-Sp-p.
X\p apX-em-bXp
khw
Hn Hn

AXn-\mse
A\r-X-hp-ambn
A\y-`mKw
A\p-Zn\w
AkvX-an-bmXncn--bmte
]p\x
EX-cq-]-hp-ambv
s]men-n-Spp

icocw apX-em-b Zriy-

Fmw
Hcp ico-c-n thsdmcp ico-c-an,
(Hv Hn\nv -`n--am-Wv).
AXp-sImv
Ah Ak-Xy-amWv.
adp-`m-K-amb Zrv
Zn\w- tXmdpw
AkvX-anmXncnp--Xp-sImv
]noSpw
kXy-kz-cq]ambv
{]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.

\p Fm ico-c-am-Wv. a\p-jy-i-cocw am{X-a-. cq]w]q--sXmw ico-c-am-Wv. tNX-\-satm AtN-X-\satm D thXn-cn-hp-I ico-c-ns Xe-n Bhiy-an-. GsXmcp ico-c-n\pw nXn sNm ew th
Ww. Hcp icocw {]tXyI CS-n nXn sNp--Xpt]mseXs AXn\p nXnsN-m Hcp Imehpw thWw.
Fp ]d-m GsXmcp ico-c
- n\pw Ime-nepw tZinepw am{Xta nXn sNm-s\mp-I-bp-q. Fs taip-ds ]qm-{X-n Csmcp tdmkm-]pjv]w Ccn-p-ps-n thsdmcp ]
- p-jv]
- nt\m hkvXp-hnt\m B ]qm{X-n Ccn-m Ign-bn-. Hcp ]qhn\p am{Xta AXn
nXn sNm CS-ap-q. Atm B ]qm-{X-n CcnBtm]tZiiXIw

190

m Ign-bmsX t]mIp At\Iw ]q-fp-v. ]qm-{Xs

kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Ah-sbmw ]qm-{X-n Cm-h-bm-Wv. Zriy--fpsS Cu ]c-kv]-c-\n-cm-I-c-Ws At\ym\ym-`mhw FmWv ]d-bp-I. Fm Hcp Zriy-n\v Fs
pw Hcn-Sv nXn sNp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. Zriyw Ime{I-a-n \in-pw. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv. AXn\v \nXy-Xz-an. ico-c--fpsS hyXn-cn-Xt]mse-b Zrns \ne.
Zriy-ns adp-]p-d-amb Zrv \nXy-am-Wv. Xmevm-en-Itam
Aev]tam A. AXv EX-am-Wv. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv.
ico-c--fpsS Xe-n Hn thsdm-n\p nXn
sNm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn {io_p-\v nXn
sNm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. IrjvW\
- n \_nv nXn sNm
Ign-bp-I-bn-. Itk-c-bn taipw tai-bn Itk-cpw
nXn sNm Ign-bp-I-bn-. Hn thsdm-ns A`mhs \mw ImWp-p-v. Hn\v thsdmv A\y-bm-Wv.
s]menbpanX\y Fv KpcpXs ]d-n-p-v. CsXmw
Zmi-\n-I-amb Ipg-a-dn-n-ep-I-fm-Wv. Fm hfsc A\mbm-kw Kpcp Cu {]tl-fn-Isb kao-I-cn-p-Xv C-s\bm-Wv: Fm Hcp kXyw Aev]w-t]m-epw a-temsX
Cu ico-c
- smw B[m-ca
- m-bn- nXn-sN-p-p-v. AXv
B-k--bm-Wv. AXv DZ-bm-kvX-a-b--fn-m--Xm-Wv.
Fsmw ChnsS Dcp-th-n- nXn-sN-pptm Ahsbmw B-k--bpsS Dcp-h--fm-Wv. {Inkv X p- h n\pw
IrjvW\pw Bm-hmb B[m-c-nemWv Hn-bvm-hp-Xv. AXp-sImv Zrns\ D]-\n-j
- n ]d-bp-Xv EXw FmWv. EXw Fm \in-mXv Ft A-ap-q. Adnhv
Xs-bmWv EXw. Zrv \mi-an-msX {]Im-in-p-Ibpw Zriyw
\in-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. A\r-X-n kwKw-hp
]pemsX EXn Aav AXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww. Cu
\ne-bmWv imiz-Xa
- mb Pohn-Xs {]Zm\w sNp-X
- v.

Btm]tZiiXIw

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87
X\n-sb-bn-sXm-s-bp-app Xn-temtcm
cn\-an-X-c-fn-en--,bn-{]-Imcw
X\p apX-em-bXp kp-atbmm
e\r-X-hp-a--X-hm-Ny-am-bn-Sp-p.
X\nsb

CsXm--bpapv
Xn Hmtcmtcm C\w
CX-c--fn-en
C{]-Imcw
X\p apX-em-bXv
kp-a
Hmm
A\r-X-hp-a
AXv Ahm-Ny-am-bn-Spp

hkvXp-sf H-bvsm-v FSp-v]cn-tim-[np t\m-n-bm

Chbvsmw Dbp-v.
Xn Hmtcm Hmtcm C\w
an\--fn C
CXp-t]mse
icocw apX-em-bh
kXyhpa,
]cn-tim-[n-p- t\m-n-bm
Ak-Xy-hp-a-,
AXv hNn-m-\m-h--XmWv.

Hm

tcm-tcm hkvXp-hns\ t- \m-n-bm Hmtcm-n\pw kzX{-amb AkvXn-X-bp-v. Hmtcm hkvXphpw \ma-cq-]-fn-eqsS AXns D shfn-s-Sp-p-p-v. cma\p-v,
koX-bp-v, tX-bp-v, am-bp-v, ]ip-hp-v, \mb-bp-v,
ag-bp-,v shbn-ep-.v Ch-bn ""Dv'' F {Inbm-]Zw Hmtcmn-tbpw AkvXn-Xsb shfn-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. shbn-
C Fp ]d-bp-hm Ign-bp-Ibn-. am- C Fp ]d-bphm Ign-bp-Ibn. am C F \ntj[w D-bpsS
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192

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- p-sImv icocw
kXy-a-. km-sW-n Fhn-sSbpw Fm-bvtmgpw Dmbn-cn-Ww. kv Cm-bvab
- n-. kv C\-an-. k
kam-\m-[n-Ic
- W
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Ign-bpw. C{n-b-tKm-N-cam-b-Xp-sImv ico-c-ns Dsb
]q-ambpw Xm-\m-Ip-I-bn-. hyh-lm-c-n ImW-sSp temIw \in-pw. ]c-am-m-\
- n am{Xta thsd
thsd-bp AkvXn-X-I Cm-Xm-hp-I-bp-q. Fm hyhlm-c-n Ahsb ]q-ambpw Csp ]d-bm-\pam-hpIbn- .
\ XWp-p cm{Xn-bn In-fn-p-X
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ho-Wt- Im Cm-X
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193

88
kI-e-hp-ap--Xp-Xs Xz-Nn-m-
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v n ambbmw h
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194

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Btm]tZiiXIw

195

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Btm]tZiiXIw

196

a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. kwkvIr-X-n t_m[w,

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Btm]tZiiXIw

197

90
A\r-X-sam-c-kvXn-Xtb ad-bvp-I-ns
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Btm]tZiiXIw

198

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Btm]tZiiXIw

199

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Btm]tZiiXIw

200

\npw imiz-X-kpJw e`n-p-n-s-n \mw \ncm-icpw

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Btm]tZiiXIw

201

92
hyb-a-W-bmsX shfnp the sNpw
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Btm]tZiiXIw

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Btm]tZiiXIw

205

94
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206

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Btm]tZiiXIw

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Btm]tZiiXIw

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Btm]tZiiXIw

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Btm]tZiiXIw

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NnZvL-\-anXv

au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw

Poh
tIh-e-amb Adn-hns
al-X-z-n
imco-cn-IX Ap-t]mbn
hnebw {]m]npw.
AJ-WvUkXyw Atm
]q-Xsb {]m]npw.
kzm\p-`qXn hcmsX CX-dn-bn.
AJ-WvUa- mb
NnZvL-\-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.
au\w L\o-`q-X-amb Aar-Xkm-K-c-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.

S-c-bnse ]psm-Sn-bn Xn-\n-n-cp PeIWw IS-en hoWp. AXv IS-embn amdn. PeIWn\p IS-em-Ip-hm Hcp s\mSn aXn. ]t, Hcp-]m-Sv Imncp-n-p-thWw IS-e-W-bp-hm. AWp-hmb Poh F{Xsb{X k-cn-mWv Bm-hns Xoc-s-n-bn-cn-p-Xv. B aln-X-hn-im-e-Xsb I-tm Pohs Dn-s-bpn\nv Hcp kzcw hp. \ns Dd-hn-SamWv Cu A\-X-. Cu A\--X-bn Aen-bm-\mWv \o P\n--Xv. AXmWv
\ns kmbp-Pyw. Pohs PohXzw Adn-hns al-Xz-hp-ambn
Iep-cpIn Hm-bn-ocemWv. JWvUn-X-a-m-smcp
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212

m Hcm-tfmSv tX\ns a[p-cn-a-sb-p-dnv Fs\ samgnbm-\mWv? samgn-mepw samgnmepw Abmv a\-nem-hp-I-bn-. A-cm-m-hns tX\nw kzm\p-`q-Xn-sImpXs \pW-b-Ww. ]ns Hpw anm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
au\w Nn-I-fpsS ia-\-am-Wv. hmk-\-I-fpsS \mi-am-Wv.
au\w t_m[-ns \ncp-]m-[n-I-\n-e-bm-Wv. B \ne-bn-cpv
au\ap-p tbmKn-I \nhrXn-bpsS ]mc-ay-n-em-Wv hncmPn-p-Xv. a\-kv]i-ta-evm \n-hr-Xn. L\o-`q-Xa
- mb
m\w. B tbmKn-bpsS Znhy-km-n-y-ntev au\-apm tXXp-n-Is
- f-tmse kXym-t\z-jn-I Cd-n-ncn-pw. Ah m\-am-\
- Dt]-nv sshcm-Ky-ns
IhNw [cnv Acm-m-hn-te-p {]bmWw kpK-aa
- m-phm B tbmKn-k
- a
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- SmsX At\Iw hnf-p-I In-p alm-Im-cp-Wy-ambn
B ap\n amdpw. temI-ns imn lrZ-b-n imn
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B- i m- n- b psS AKm- [ - X- b n Ah- c psS au\amWv
kwkvm-c
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hmWv kqcn kpIrXn Fv Kpcp ]mSnb B kqcn Kpcp
Xsbm-Wv. Btm-]t- Z-i
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Btm]tZiiXIw

213

98
CXp-hsc \msamcp hkvXp-hn--dn-o
eXn-kp-J-sa--\niw IYn--bmte
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AXn-kp-J-sav
A\niw
IYn--bmte
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aXn apX-em-bh

amdn-bmepw
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C\nbpw kpJw thWsav

Ftmgpw
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C{Xbpw km[-\-I sNbvXnpw
kXy-Pn-m-kp-
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ChnsS Adn--tX-bn-.
\m\m-Xz-{`-a-n\v CS hcp-p
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kp

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B-imn Fsv Adn-bp-n-. kpJ-hn-j-b-sf
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hnI-knp Ign-p. Hmtcm cmjv{Shpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-\nehmcw sa-s-Sp-p-hm imkv{X-km-t-Xn-IhnZyIsf D]tbm-Ks
- -Sp-p-Ibm-Wv. BUw-_c
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214

{]Xn ^mj\pw ]mj\pw amdp-Ibm-Wv. A`n-cp-Nn-I amdpIbm-Wv. _- DS-p-hms-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

AXn-kp-J-sav A\niw IYn--bm-te. kpJw thWw
kpJw thWw FmWv \psS hmbvm-cn. kpJw hnj-b-fn Xnc-bp-tm ]ns FhnsS-bmWv \apv \s
Adn-bp-hm t\cw? \mw \psS {]im-n-bpsS Xocv Cncn-t\-c-sa-nepw Ccp-n-ptm? \psS Bm-hns {]Wh-a-c-sf C\n-a-tbmsS Bkz-Zn-n-p-tm? \mw \psS
Bm-hns Bg-ta-dnb hnlm-b-n t`Z--fn-msX Hcn-se-nepw hne-bn-n-ptm? Csp ]d-tbn hcpw.
\mw Hpw Adn-n-n-. Fm Adn-bm thn-bm-bncpp hnZym-e-b--fn t]mbn ]Tn--Xv. hnZym-e-b- aXnhn-\n-I-fm-Wv. aXn Fm _pn-bm-Wv. hnj-b-sf
hyh-t-Zn-p _pn. aXn hn-p-tm Al-Xnbpw
hnpw. Al- - X n- b n\npw ]Sp- p- b - s
PohnXw ]fp-p-sIm-mcw t]mse-bmWv. sNdn-sbm-cm-LmXw
aXn. XIp Xcn--W-am--Ipw.
Fsmw {]bm-k--fmWv a\p-jy A\p-`-hn-p-Xv?
GIm--Xbpw \ncm-ibpw DXvI-WvTbpw `oXn-bp-samw Hcphs hyn-Xzs Imp-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv.
Fmepw \mw Adn-hm-f-m-sc-tmse kwkm-cn-pw. F\nss Adn-bm-sap hp ]d-bpw. Fm B-kzmX{yw B\p-`q-Xn-I-am-Wv. AXp {]im-n-bpsS el-cn-bmWv.
hnjm-Z--hn-bn-m NnZm-Im-i-am-Wv. Fs Bmhv t`Z_pn Ah-km-\n-bvWw. AtmgmWv B-kzXbgn-bmX
Adn-hm-Ip--Xv. Hcn-epw \in-p-t]m-Im Cu m\w
Bm-hn\npw A\y-am-ImsX Adn-b-Ww. Rm Fpw
Ft-Xv Fpw D hnShv B-m-\s XS--s-Spp--Xm-Wv.

Btm]tZiiXIw

215

99
Adn-h-l-sa--Xp-c-p-ta-I-am-am
hc-W-sam-gn--h\\y\pp hmZw
Adn-hns\ hn-l-a-\y-am-Ip-sa-m
edn-hn-s\-bn--dn-bm-\p-am-cp-an-.
Adnhv
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tIh-e-amb Adnhv
Rm Fp cpw
ambm-ad amdn-b-h\v
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Bh-cWw Hgn-bm--h\v
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Rm
thsdbm-sWp hm
Cu Adn-hns\
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tm-]-tZ-i-i-XIns awKfw ]mSp--Xn\p apmbn

AXns knmw Hcn-qSn Ac-nv Dd-n-pp. B knmw CXm-Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw c-. GI-amWv. ]t, Cu GIXzw Adn-bm--h-sc-p-dnp ]cn-KW-\bpw Kpcp hnp-If-bp-n-. AXp-sIm-mWv Bh-c-Wsam-gn--hp am{X-amWv Adn-hn-tbpw Al-n-tbpw
GIm--IX Dbmbn sXfn-bpp-q. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
B GIm--I-X-bpsS Pohn-p kmy-am-bn-cp-p. khnepw Xsbpw, Xs kh-nepw I-dn-bp--h ImcpWy-im-en-I-fmWv. Atd-_y aW-em-c-Wy-n sImp-]nSn lnwk-In-Sb
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Btm]tZiiXIw

216

p-sIm-Sp-p. Pdp-k-te-anepw tPmZm \Zo-X-S-fnepw

tbip hnfw-_cw sNbvX kvt\l-k-tiw AssZz-X-t_m-[n\nv Dd-h-sIm--Xmbn-cp-p. Rm\pw Fs ]nXmhpw
c Fp ]d tbip [nm-cn-b-. Ffn-b-h-\n Ffnb-hs kzc-amWv B hmp-I-fn [z\n-p--Xv. AssZz-Xns emfn-Xy-n [nm-c-ns kzcw tIp-Xv
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]pXn-sbmcp hk-m-cm-a-n-tep {]th-in-pw. temIw
Hmbn ImWm B{K-ln-p kp-fpsS Xncn--dn-hn\p-th-n-bmWv Kpcp Cu hcn-I Ipdn--Xv. Adn-hns\hnv
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a{a-[p-c-amb Hcp kwKo-X-amWv D-bpsS GIm--I-X.

Btm]tZiiXIw

217

100
AXp-an-Xp-a kZ-a-lw k
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Hpw-X-s-b-.
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kXv NnXv B\-amWv Rm
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nX-{]\mbn
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Xp-hsc \mw \psS Dsb ap ]e-Xp-ambn Xnp a\n-em-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Rm ip-amb t_m[-amWv

FXv Hcp knm--a-. kzw A\p-`q-Xnbmbn hc-Ww.
AXp-sIm-m-Wv BZy-ta-Xs Rm AXp-a CXp-a F
cp \ntj-[--fn-eqsS kwkn--am-p--Xv. Zqc--am-b-Xnt\bpw kao-]--am-b-Xn-t\bpw Rm\p-ambn XmZm-y-s-Spnb Am-\s BZyta \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-Wv. Fn
A[y-kvX-am-bn-cp Fmw Rm Xn--f-bp-p. ssZhcmPyw B ae-bntem Cu ae-bntem A Fp tbip Xdnp ]d-bm ImcWw, A-s\-sbmcp XmZm-y-_pn P\-fn Ccn-p--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. Fnp lrZ-b-n-tep
Btm]tZiiXIw

218

Nqn A\p-`-hs Dd-n-m-\mbn AXp \ns lrZ-b-nemWv Fp ]d-p. B-hkvXp Ak-Z-a-. hmp-Ifn am{Xw HXpn \nevp anYym-I-ev]-\-bp-a Rm.
Rm kpw Nnpw Aar-Xhpw Ie ckm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv, kzmX-{y-am-Wv. apn-bm-Wv. ]p\-cm-hr-n-bn-m \nebm-Wv.
tIhew Bm-hmbn hn-p-tm F\nv `bw
tXmp-n-. ImcWw Rm Fs-b-msX thsd Btcbpw
ImWp-n-. Fs Rm Fn\p `b-Ww? Rm Fs
Xo{h-ambn kvt\ln-p-p. kvt\l-n\v A\y-Xz-an-. kzam-m-\p hy{K-X-bp-an-. Rm\-msX thsd Btcbpw {]]-n ImWp-pan-. thsd Fp ]d-bsSp-sXmw
RmX-s-bmWv. AXn-cp-I-fn-m--Xn-\m Rm A\-\m-Wv. Fmw sXfnabmbn Rm ImWp-p. A\p-`h
- n-pp
F-XmWv IqSp-X icn. Hcp hkvXp-hnt\mSpw {]tXy-Inv
Bkn tXmp-n-. D-sXtm Cm--sXtm hyht-Zn-m Ign-bm D-bpsS \nd-hmWv Rm. Rm
Akw-K-\m-Wv. Fs k Imcp-Wy-km-K-cw-t]mse arZp-eam-Wv. kpK--ta-dnb Hcp ]qhpt]mse-bmWv Rm. Rm
]cn-afw {]k-cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. FnXs B ]cnafw \nd-p-I-hn-bp-p. Fnse GIm--I-X-bn Fmw
arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn hne-bnv hne-bnv Hmbn amdpp.
Bg-ta-dnb au\w! HmwIm-c-ns kuay-amb \mZw! ]c-amm-Z-I-c-amb Cu \nan-j-ns [\yX! Fn-t-cm Hcp
CS-an-. \nhr-Xn-bpsS B\-tm--hw. AXv samgn-bm-\mhp-n-..........

Btm]tZiiXIw

219

D]-kw-lmcw

tm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-n\v \nc-h[n hymJym-\-fpw hniZo-I-c-W-fpw Fgp-X-s-n-p-v. Aq--n Hcp

hymJym\w F \ne-bv CsX-gpXn-bnp--Xv. CXv
\app sImp-\-S-m-hp Hcp ]pkvX-IamWv. Pohn-Xns hnj-a-k-n-I-fn [ym\-]qhw CXnse Hcp t]Pv
Xpdv hmbn-p-I. Atm {]iv\
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\np-n Kpcp-Ir-]-bpsS shfnw hgn-Im-Wn-p-X-cpw.
CXn ]Z-tZw sNbvXn-cn-p-Xpw Aw ]d-ncn-p-Xpw Kpcp-hns Zi-\s BIth B[m-c-am-nsm-m-Wv. AXp-sImv hmp-Iv Aw ]d-bptm \nLp-hn\npw t\sc A-sa-Spp ]d-bpI-b- sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. As\ sNbvXn-cp-s-n Ipsd
hmp-I CW--an-msX Iqn-h--Xp-t]m-setb tXmp-Ibp-q. hmNym-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn hmp-Iv Hcp eyw
Kpcphpw Ipdn-p-p-v. Kpcp-hns `mj-bn-ep ss\]pWn
hnfn-tm-Xp--Xm-Wv AXv.
Btm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw Hcp alm-Zi-\-am-sWpw AXv
A\p-`qXn{][m-\a
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[mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. kzm\pp`q-Xnv Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw ]Icw
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- mbn kzm\p-`qXn DdphcWw. Kpcp-hns
ImcpWyw \-fn-semw Aar-X-hjw sNmcn-b-s.

Btm]tZiiXIw

220

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