DISEO DE LOSA DE CIMENTACION

ING. LUIS VILLANUEVA TORRES

COLUMNA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Datos:
b

0.60

COLUMNAS

qa =
Df =
hf =
prom =
S/C =
f'c =
f'y =
Ks =

0.90
1.10
0.90
1.70
250
210
4200
2.4

Tipo de suelo :
Granular
1
Arcilloso
2

t ( m2)

0.60

K/cm2
m
m
Ton/m3
K/cm2
K/cm2
K/cm2
K/cm3
2

ESPESOR DE LA PLATEA:
EFECTO DE CORTE POR PUNZONAMIENTO :
Columna
10
Vu = Pu -q(m*n)
Pu =
520.60
m = (t+d)
0.6+ d
n = (s+d)
0.6+ d
Vc =1.10*raiz(fc)*bo*d
bo = 2(t+d)+2(s+d)
240 .+ 4d
ecuacion =
4 d^2+240 d -32659
a=
4 d^2
b=
240 d
c=
-32659
d=
65.21 cm

Espesor h1 =

CUADRO DE CARGAS
PD
PL
98.82
39.32
154.01
64.69
132
55.12
38.45
15.19
149.6
68.36
234.95
111.74
217.93
102.56
90
40
148.9
69.39
234.9
112.79
204.3
97.27
61.5
25.8
89.74
63.97
189.3
108.35
166.95
94.43
60.02
28.79
95.91
43.93
145.25
64.37
131.46
57.59
55.02
20.9
2699.01
1284.56

Pu
205.19
325.59
278.50
79.65
325.65
518.89
479.45
194.00
326.42
520.60
451.38
129.96
234.39
449.22
394.26
132.97
208.96
312.78
281.95
112.56
5962.37

0.60
cm

SUELOS

SIMBOLO

RANGO

Gravas bien graduadas

Gravas arcillosas
Gravas mal graduadas
Gravas limosas
Arenas bien gradruadas
Arenas arcillosas
Arenas mal graduadas
Arenas limosas
Limos organicos
Arcillas con grava o con arena
Limos organicos y arcillas limosas
Limos inorganicos
Arcillas inorganicas
Arcillas organicas

GW
GC
GP
GM
SW
SC
SP
SM
ML
CL
OL
MM
CM
OH

14 - 20
11 -19
8 - 14
6 - 14
6 - 16
6 - 16
5-9
5-9
4-8
4-6
3-5
1-5
1-5
1-4

0.6+ d

0.60
0.6+ d

74 cm

Columna
5
Vu = Pu -q(m*n)
Pu =
325.65
m = (t+d)
0.6+ d
n = (s+d/2)
0.6+ d/2
Vc =1.10*raiz(fc)*bo*d
bo =(t+d)+2(s+d/2)
180 .+ 2d
ecuacion =
2 d^2+180 d -20429

0.60
cm

0.60

0.6+ d/2

0.6+ d
a=
b=
c=
d=

2 d^2
180 d
-20429
65.63 cm

Espesor h2 =

74 cm

Columna
1
Vu = Pu -q(m*n)
Pu =
205.19
m = (t+d/2)
0.6+ d/2
n = (s+d/2)
0.6+ d/2
Vc =1.10*raiz(fc)*bo*d
bo = 2(t+d/2)+2(s+d/2)
240
ecuacion =
2 d^2+240 d -12872
a=
2
b=
240
c=
-12872
d=
40.18

Espesor h3 =

espesor de la platea

0.60
.+ 2d

cm

0.6+ d/2

0.60

d^2
d

0.6+ d/2

cm

49 cm
h=

74 cm

Usar :
d=

90.00 cm
81.25 cm

EVALUACION DEL COEFICIENTE DE BALASTO :

Ks*b/4*Ec*I)^1/4
donde :
Caracteristica del sistema(m ^ -1)
K = Coeficiente de Balasto determinado en ensayos de suelo (para un area cuadrada de ancho 1pie) (T/m3)
Ks = Coeficiente de Balasto afectado del factor de forma (T/m3)
Ks = S*K
b = Ancho de la franja de cimentacion (m)
Ec = Modulo de Elasticidad del concreto (T/m2)
I = Momento de inercia de la cimentacion (m4)
I = 1/12*b*t^3
t = Altura de la cimentacion (m)
S = Factor de forma para una cimentacion sobre un tipo particular de suelo
S = (b+1)^2/ (2*b)^2
para suelo granular
S = (n + 0.5)/(1.5*n)
para suelos arcillosos
Ec = 15000*raiz(fc)
217370.65 Kg/cm2
n = Relacion de lado largo a lado corto de la cimentacion

n = l mayor / l menor

Ks/Ec*t^3)^1/4
t=

65.00 cm

Por Franjas :

Direccion x

Direccion y

b (m)
2.15
5.00
6.30
6.30
3.15

Ks
1.684
1.796
1.846
1.846
1.796

I (m4)
130612.50
303750.00
382725.00
382725.00
191362.50

Ks*b/4*Ec*I)^1/4

0.702
0.748
0.769
0.769
0.748

0.00238
0.00241
0.00243
0.00243
0.00241

1.75/
736.46
724.75
719.70
719.70
724.75

Franjas
1
2
3
4
5

0.715
0.775
0.758
0.717

1.715
1.859
1.820
1.720

200475.00
450765.00
381813.75
209131.88

0.00239
0.00244
0.00242
0.00239

733.09
718.47
722.35
732.56

6
7
8
9

S = (n + 0.5)/(1.5*n)

3.30
7.42
6.29
3.44

Ancho franja

215.00
500.00
630.00
630.00
315.00

OK !!!!
OK !!!!
OK !!!!
OK !!!!
OK !!!!

330.00
OK !!!!
742.00
Usar Metodo Flexible
628.50
OK !!!!
344.25
OK !!!!

De acuerdo al Comit 336 (1988) ACI, las losas deben disearse por el Metodo Rigido convencional si el espaciamiento de las columnas
en una franja es menor que 1.75/,si es mayor que 1.75/,debera usarse el metodo flexible aproximado.
CALCULO DE LAS PRESIONES DE CONTACTO :
qnqa- (1*h1) - c*hc -S/C
qn =
0.659 Kg/cm2
qn =
6.59 T/m2
Calculo de la presion sobre el suelo por debajo de los puntos perimetrales
Coordenadas del Centro de Rigidez :
Xcr =
8.86 m
Ycr =
14.54 m
Coordenadas del Centro de Gravedad :
x=
9.285
y=
11.15
Exentricidad :
ex = Xcr - Xcg
-0.42
ey =Ycr - Ycg
3.39

m
m

Mx = Pu*ey
My = Pu*ex

T-m
T-m

9149.64
-1133.58

Pu max

520.60

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

qn = Pu /A My*X/Iy Mx*Y/Ix
Iy =
Ix =

13443.75
19184.36

Pu/A

6.15 Kg/cm2

Mx/Ix
My/Iy

0.47690
-0.08432

ESFUERZOS SOBRE EL SUELO

Punto
Pu/A
X(m)
1
6.15
-9.285
5
6.15
-9.285
9
6.15
-9.285
13
6.15
-9.285
17
6.15
-9.285
2
6.15
-3.285
6
6.15
-3.285
10
6.15
-3.285
14
6.15
-3.285
18
6.15
-3.285
3
6.15
3.285
7
6.15
3.285
11
6.15
3.285
15
6.15
3.285
19
6.15
3.285
4
6.15
9.285
8
6.15
9.285
12
6.15
9.285
16
6.15
9.285
20
6.15
9.285

My*X/Iy
0.78291
0.78291
0.78291
0.78291
0.78291
0.27699
0.27699
0.27699
0.27699
0.27699
-0.27699
-0.27699
-0.27699
-0.27699
-0.27699
-0.78291
-0.78291
-0.78291
-0.78291
-0.78291

m4
m4

Y(m)
11.15
5.58
0.00
-5.58
-11.15
11.15
5.58
0.00
-5.58
-11.15
11.15
5.58
0.00
-5.58
-11.15
11.15
5.58
0.00
-5.58
-11.15

Mx*Y/Ix
5.31744
2.65872
0.00000
-2.65872
-5.31744
5.31744
2.65872
0.00000
-2.65872
-5.31744
5.31744
2.65872
0.00000
-2.65872
-5.31744
5.31744
2.65872
0.00000
-2.65872
-5.31744
qu max =
qu min =

qu (T/m2)
12.25
9.59
6.93
4.27
1.62
11.74
9.09
6.43
3.77
1.11
11.19
8.53
5.87
3.21
0.56
10.68
8.03
5.37
2.71
0.05
12.25 T/m2
0.05 T/m2

P (Ton)
218.7
297.65
346.69
347.69
209.62
187.12
261.38
320.49
301.57
189.05
53.64
88.81
130
87.3
75.92
138.14
153.71
217.96
218.29
139.84
3983.57

X (m)
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
14.84
14.84
14.84
14.84
14.84
18.57
18.57
18.57
18.57
18.57

Px
1312.20
1785.90
2080.14
2086.14
1257.72
2776.86
3878.88
4756.07
4475.30
2805.50
996.09
1649.20
2414.10
1621.16
1409.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35305.10

P (Ton)
138.14
218.7
187.12
53.64
217.96
346.69
320.49
130
218.29
347.69
301.57
87.3
153.71
297.65
261.38
88.81
139.84
209.62
189.05
75.92
3369.14

ESFUERZOS PROMEDIO POR FRANJA

Punto
qu (T/m2)
q (T/m2)
1
12.25
11.47
4
10.68
5
9.59
8.81
8
8.03
9
6.93
6.15
12
5.37
13
4.27
3.49
16
2.71
17
1.62
0.84
20
0.05
1
17
2
18
3
19
4
20

qu =

12.25
1.62
11.74
1.11
11.19
0.56
10.68
0.05

6.94
6.43
5.88
5.37

6.59 T/m2

Debera cumplir :
qu qn Aumentar Area losa
MOMENT0S FLECTORES Y FUERZAS CORTANTES :
Cada franja se asume como una cimentacion independiente sujeta a presiones de contacto y cargas conocidas.
Al analizar las franjas como cimentaciones combinadas , la reaccion del suelo bajo cada franja es determinada sin referirse a las presiones de contacto determinadas
al analizar la platea como un todo sino hallando las reacciones del suelo dividiendo las cargas que actuan en la franja entre la longitud de la franja realizandose un analisis
estatico franja por franja.
Como alternativa en ves de proceder de acuerdo a lo anterior se pueden utilizar coeficientes conservadores para momentos flectores y fuerzas cortantes.
DISEO POR FLEXION :
Verificacion de la altura de la platea
fs = 0.40*fy
fs =
fc = 0.45*f'c
fc =
n = Es/Ec
n=
k = 1 / (1+(fs/(n*fc))) k =
j =1-k/3
K = 1/2*fc*k*j
K=

1680
94.5
9.7
0.352
0.883
14.68

Y (m)
22.30
22.30
22.30
22.30
18.60
18.60
18.60
18.60
12.30
12.30
12.30
12.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30

b=
Mmax =

100 cm
89.59 T - m

d minimo=raiz(M/Kb)
dminimo =
78.11 cm
t = d minimo + recubrimiento + diam de varilla /2
t=
86.88 cm
h=
90.00 cm

OK !!!!

El diseo se ha realizado utilizando el metodo por cargas de servicio.

As = M/(fs*j*d)
As min = 0.0018*b*d
MOMENTOS (T - m / m de ancho)
Diametro
FRANJAS q' (T/m)
M1

11.47
M+

M2

8.81
M+

M3

6.15
M+

M4

3.49
M+

0.84

6.94

M-

M-

M+

M7

6.43
M+

M8

5.88
M+

5.37

M-

M
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/10 q' l^2
1/9 q' l^2
Maximo

Vc = 0.53*RAIZ(f'c)*b*d
Vn = Vu/

60.44 T
59.62 T

M (T - m)
45.86
89.59
17.72
63.12
45.29
35.24
68.85
13.62
48.50
34.80
24.60
48.06
9.51
33.86
24.29
13.96
27.27
5.40
19.21
5.40
3.34
6.53
1.29
10.55
27.53
27.53
27.74
17.34
27.53
26.23
9.77
25.50
25.50
25.70
16.06
25.50
24.30
8.94
23.32
23.32
23.50
14.69
23.32
22.22
8.16
21.29
21.29
21.46
89.59

V= 1.0q'l/2 (T)
34.395
50.6753
21.382225

26.43
38.9402
16.43065

18.45
27.183
11.46975

10.47
15.4258
6.50885

2.505
3.6907
1.557275
12.82975
21.84525
21.84525
1.89

11.88625
20.23875
20.23875
1.75

10.87
18.51
18.51
1.60

9.93
16.90
16.90
1.46
50.68
Vn Vu

d ( cm )
83.73
83.73
83.73
81.23
81.23
83.73
83.73
83.73
81.23
81.23
83.73
83.73
83.73
81.23
81.23
83.73
83.73
83.73
81.23
81.23
83.73
83.73
83.73
81.19
81.19
81.19
81.19
78.69
78.69
78.69
81.19
81.19
81.19
81.19
78.69
78.69
78.69
81.19
81.19
81.19
81.19
78.69
78.69
78.69
81.19
81.19
81.19
81.19
78.69
CONFORME

As (cm2) As min
36.94
15.07
72.16
15.07
14.28
15.07
52.41
14.62
37.60
14.62
28.38
15.07
55.45
15.07
10.97
15.07
40.27
14.62
28.89
14.62
19.81
15.07
38.71
15.07
7.66
15.07
28.11
14.62
20.17
14.62
11.24
15.07
21.97
15.07
4.35
15.07
15.95
14.62
4.48
14.62
2.69
15.07
5.26
15.07
1.04
15.07
8.76
14.61
22.86
14.61
22.86
14.61
23.04
14.61
14.86
14.16
23.59
14.16
22.48
14.16
8.12
14.61
21.18
14.61
21.18
14.61
21.35
14.61
13.77
14.16
21.85
14.16
20.83
14.16
7.42
14.61
19.37
14.61
19.37
14.61
19.52
14.61
12.59
14.16
19.98
14.16
19.04
14.16
6.78
14.61
17.69
14.61
17.69
14.61
17.83
14.61
Minimo

As
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

@
14.00
8.00
36.00
10.00
14.00
18.00
10.00
47.00
13.00
18.00
26.00
14.00
67.00
19.00
26.00
46.00
24.00
118.00
32.00
114.00
190.00
98.00
491.00
59.00
23.00
23.00
23.00
35.00
22.00
23.00
63.00
25.00
25.00
24.00
38.00
24.00
25.00
69.00
27.00
27.00
27.00
41.00
26.00
27.00
76.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

Ks(K/cm3)

17
15
11
10
11
11
7
7
6
5
4
3
3
2

CG
X
Y
9.285
11.15
COORDENADAS
PTO
X
Y
1
-9.285
11.15
5
-9.285
5.58
9
-9.285
0.00
13
-9.285
-5.58
17
-9.285
-11.15
2
-3.29
11.15
6
-3.285
5.58
10
-3.285
0.00
14
-3.285
-5.58
18
-3.285
-11.15
3
3.29
11.15
7
3.29
5.575
11
3.29
0
15
3.29
-5.575
19
3.29
-11.15
4
9.29
11.15
8
9.29
5.575
12
9.29
0
16
9.29
-5.58
20
9.29
-11.15

138

2 219

3 187

54

218

6 347

7 320

8 130

218

10 348

11 302

12 87

13

154

14 298

15 261

16 89

17

140

18 210

19 189

20 76

4.00

6.30

22.90
6.30

6.30

6.30

8.84

4.03
19.17

9.59
11.45

DISTRIBUCION DE FRANJAS

5.00

6.30

10

11

12

6.30

13

14

15

16

3.15

17

18

19

20

2.15

22.90

3.30

7.42

6.29
20.45

3.44

Py
3080.52
4877.01
4172.78
1196.17
4054.06
6448.43
5961.11
2418.00
2684.97
4276.59
3709.31
1073.79
968.37
1875.20
1646.69
559.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
49002.50

Diametro
pulg.
6
1/ 4
8
3/ 8
12
1/ 2
5/ 8
3/ 4
7/ 8
1
1 1/ 8
1 1/ 4
1 3/ 8

m
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.022
0.025
0.029
0.032
0.035

Area
cm2
0.28
0.32
0.50
0.71
1.13
1.29
2.00
2.84
3.87
5.10
6.45
8.19
10.06

REFUERZO SUPERIOR
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1

0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254
0.0254

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

REFUERZO INFERIOR :

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20