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i.
Relacin de de equipos, herramientas y materiales
Mquina de AMSLER para ensayo de traccin.
[ALFRED J. AMSLER Y CIA. Schaffhausen Suiza.]
Fig.
Probeta de aluminio.
Fig.
Probeta de cobre.
Fig.
Probeta de bronce.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
ii.
Fig.
Fig.
5. Proseguimos colocando el papel milimetrado en el carrete y el lapicero.
Se calibra la cartula de tal forma que la aguja negra y roja marque cero
del cuadrante de la escala correspondiente.
6. Se abre la vlvula de carga ligeramente para que entre en
funcionamiento el sistema hidrulico y adquiere velocidad la mordaza
Fig.
8. Luego de lo ocurrido anteriormente ocurre la ruptura del material. Se
toma tambin las medidas de la carga de mxima tensin, la cual
permanece indicada por la aguja roja, y la carga de ruptura del material.
9. Se saca las partes de la probeta y se mide la deformacin total y el
dimetro.
10. Se retira el grfico realizada en el ensayo de la muestra. Se vuelve a
realizar los mismos pasos para todos los materiales a ensayar.
Fig.
Material
Carg
a
(kg)
o
(mm)
Lo
(mm)
f
(mm
)
Lf
(mm
)
Ff
(kg
)
Fmax
(kg/m
2
)
Aluminio
Cobre
Bronce
Acero de bajo
carbono
3000
3000
3000
6.35
6.2
6.6
27.4
22.6
27.2
4.1
3.9
5.75
30.8
33.5
34.8
740
1010
1740
3000
6.3
27,0
3.6
37.8
Acero de
medio carbono
3000
6.1
27,0
4.2
33.8
630
870
830
123
0a
122
0
135
0
Ao=
o
4
Ao = 31.1724 mm
fluencia=
F fluencia
Ao
2
fluencia = 20.2102 mm
max =
F max
Ao
2
max = 23.4181 mm
Fro
t
(kg
)
510
720
174
1695
245
0
2450
124
0
ruptura =
F rupt
Ao
2
ruptura = 16.3606 mm
N
1
2
F(kg)
153
306
l(mm)
0.882
459
1.47
566.1
1.769
630
2.058
7
8
9
10
11
673.2
703.8
730
673.2
612
510
ing.
real
real
1.77630
736
2.38105
426
2.75518
821
2.95282
477
3.05447
277
3.11777
29
3.16029
711
3.19532
057
3.11733
025
3.02684
327
2.85416
871
4.908
0.033
9.8163
0.044
0.19496
4
0.47591
72
14.724
0.055
0.86482
18.16
0.066
1.26456
20.21
0.077
21.596
0.088
22.5776
0.121
1.63317
1.98844
8
2.85288
96
23.418
0.165
21.586
0.221
19.632
0.243
4.02897
4.99150
6
5.01357
6
16.36
0.276
4.79136
1.176
ing.
2.352
3.234
4.41
5.88
6.468
7.35
25
kg
2
mm
20
15
10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Mdulo de elasticidad:
E=
e
e
354.07
kg
mm2
Resiliencia:
R=
ee
2
0.778
kg
mm2
Tenacidad:
T=
Ao=
(e+ r +max )
r
3
5.5188
kg
mm2
0.3
Ao = 31.1724 mm
fluencia=
F fluencia
Ao
2
fluencia = 27.9093 mm
max =
F max
Ao
2
max = 30.7964 mm
ruptura =
F rupt
Ao
2
ruptura = 23.0973 mm
N
1
F(kg)
l(mm)
150
0.343
300
0.49
450
0.588
750
0.98
870
1.47
928
3.43
945
5.39
960
7.105
930
8.82
840
720
9.8
10.64
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ing.
ing.
real
real
4.811949
03
9.623898
06
14.43584
71
24.05974
52
27.90930
44
29.76992
47
30.31527
89
30.79647
38
29.83408
4
26.94691
46
23.09735
0.012035
09
0.017192
98
0.020631
58
0.034385
96
0.051578
95
0.120350
88
0.189122
81
0.249298
25
0.309473
68
0.343859
65
0.373333
4.869861
26
9.789361
57
14.73368
14
24.88706
27
29.34883
69
33.35276
12
36.04858
95
38.47398
07
39.06694
79
36.21287
12
31.72036
1.776307
36
2.381054
26
2.755188
21
2.952824
77
3.054472
77
3.117772
9
3.160297
11
3.195320
57
3.117330
25
3.026843
27
2.854168
54
33
71
35
kg
mm2
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Mdulo de elasticidad:
E=
e
e
585.65
kg
mm2
Resiliencia:
R=
ee
2
kg
0.7186 mm2
Tenacidad:
T=
(e+ r +max )
r
3
10.1789
kg
mm2
0.35
0.4
o
Ao=
4
Ao = 30.1907
mm
F fluencia
Ao
fluencia=
2
fluencia = 27.4919 mm
ruptura =
F rupt
Ao
2
ruptura = 47.3655 mm
N
1
F(kg)
l(mm)
152
0.3232
304
0.404
456
0.4848
608
0.606
830
0.8888
972.8
1.616
1064
2.1008
1216
3.434
1307.2
4.646
1368
5.656
1430
8.08
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ing.
ing.
real
real
5.034662
99
10.06932
6
15.10398
9
20.13865
2
27.49190
98
32.22184
32
35.24264
09
40.27730
39
43.29810
17
45.31196
69
47.36557
95
0.011795
62
0.014744
53
0.017693
43
0.022116
79
0.032437
96
0.058978
1
0.076671
53
0.125328
47
0.169562
04
0.206423
36
0.294890
51
5.094049
97
10.21779
34
15.37123
04
20.58405
43
28.38369
11
34.12222
63
37.94474
82
45.32519
67
50.63981
64
54.66541
53
61.33323
94
0.011726
59
0.014636
88
0.017538
72
0.021875
76
0.031922
95
0.057304
39
0.073874
37
0.118074
96
0.156629
36
0.187660
08
0.258426
14
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
1056.3
0.25
0.3
Mdulo de elasticidad:
E=
e
e
kg
mm2
Resiliencia:
R=
ee
2
0.4453
kg
2
mm
Tenacidad:
T=
(e+ r +max )
r
3
7.3559
kg
2
mm
0.35
o
Ao=
4
2
Ao = 31.1724 mm
F fluencia
Ao
fluencia=
2
fluencia = 57.1716 mm
max =
F max
Ao
2
max = 91.4270 mm
ruptura =
F rupt
Ao
2
ruptura = 78.5951 mm
N
1
F(kg)
l(mm)
259.05
0.3264
518.1
0.544
1036.2
0.8704
1398.87
1.088
1813.35
1.632
2124.21
2.176
2
3
4
5
6
ing.
8.310235
98
16.62047
2
33.24094
39
44.87527
43
58.17165
18
68.14393
5
ing.
0.013056
0.02176
0.034816
0.04352
0.06528
0.08704
real
real
8.418734
42
16.98213
34
34.39826
06
46.82824
62
61.96909
73
74.07518
31
0.012971
51
0.021526
63
0.034223
63
0.042599
61
0.063237
68
0.083458
41
7
2590.5
3.264
2850
5.5488
2745.93
6.8
2590.5
7.7248
2450
8.17
8
9
10
11
83.10235
98
91.42703
16
88.08850
14
83.10235
98
78.59516
75
0.13056
0.221952
0.272
0.308992
0.3268
93.95220
39
111.7194
44
112.0485
74
108.7803
24
104.2800
68
0.122713
09
0.200449
58
0.240590
46
0.269257
38
0.282770
03
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Mdulo de elasticidad:
E=
e
e
988.18
kg
mm2
Resiliencia:
R=
ee
2
1.8646
kg
2
mm
0.3
0.35
Tenacidad:
T=
(e+ r +max )
r
3
kg
24.7489 mm2
Ao=
o
4
Ao = 32.1699
mm
F fluencia
Ao
fluencia=
2
fluencia = 34.1934 mm
max =
F max
Ao
2
max = 48.8033 mm
ruptura =
F rupt
Ao
2
ruptura = 38.5453 mm
N
1
F(kg)
l(mm)
607.74
0.0942
759.675
0.1884
911.61
0.2355
2
3
ing.
ing.
real
real
18.89157
26
23.61446
57
28.33735
88
0.003694
12
0.007388
24
0.009235
29
18.96136
02
23.78893
49
28.59906
27
0.003687
31
0.007361
08
0.009192
91
1038.22
25
32.27310
31
34.19345
41
42.50603
83
47.22893
14
48.80338
45
47.22893
14
44.08033
6
38.54534
83
0.471
5
6
1100
1367.41
5
0.7065
1519.35
3.297
1570
5.4165
1519.35
6.8295
1418.06
7.7715
1240
8.25
1.884
7
8
9
10
11
0.018470
59
0.027705
88
0.073882
35
0.129294
12
0.212411
76
0.267823
53
0.304764
71
0.323529
41
32.86920
63
35.14081
39
45.64648
44
53.33535
44
59.16979
76
59.87795
05
57.51446
66
51.01590
22
0.018302
08
0.027329
02
0.071280
45
0.121592
76
0.192611
57
0.237301
67
0.266022
72
0.280301
97
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Mdulo de elasticidad:
E=
e
e
591.02
kg
2
mm
0.3
0.35
Resiliencia:
R=
ee
2
0.4735
kg
2
mm
Tenacidad:
T=
(e+ r +max )
r
3
13.1062
kg
2
mm