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Recibido 10 de marzo de 2006, aprobado 20 de abril de 2007

Juan Fernando Prez

Germn Riao

Ingeniero Industrial, M.Sc.

c. en Ingeniera Industrial. Es-

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tudiante Doctoral, Department of Mathematics and

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Belgium. fern-per@uniandes.edu.co

de Ingeniera Industrial, Universidad de los Andes. BoJRWi'&&RORPELD

griano@uniandes.edu.co
es.edu.co

RESUMEN En este artculo describimos la aplicacin de

tectnico. Presentamos el proceso de construccin del

simulacin de eventos discretos para el anlisis de colas

PRGHORORVGLYHUVRVHVFHQDULRVDQDOL]DGRV\ODFRQJX-

en una cafetera estudiantil. A partir de este anlisis, de-

racin seleccionada, la cual presenta fuertes ventajas

terminamos requerimientos cuantitativos para el diseo

frente al diseo actual.

de la cafetera que tienen en cuenta la aleatoriedad de

PALABRAS CLAVE

los procesos y su interaccin. Adems, el uso de herrami-

Sistemas de servicios, modelaje estocstico, simulacin

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de eventos discretos

el equipo de arquitectos encargados del diseo arqui-

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ABSTRACT In this paper we describe the application of

chitectural design. We show the model construction

discrete event simulation for analyzing queues in a

process, the diverse scenarios analyzed, and the selected

school restaurant. From these results we determine

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quantitative requirements for restaurant design includ-

the current design.

ing the randomness of each process and their interac-

KEYWORDS

tion. Furthermore the use of graphic tools allowed a

Service systems, stochastic modeling, discrete-event

fruitful interaction with the team in charge of the ar-

simulation

#25 revista de ingeniera. Universidad de los Andes. rev.ing. ISSN. 0121-4993. Mayo de 2007

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# 25 revista de ingeniera

tcnica

13

14

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Figura 1. Representacin del sistema de servicio de la cafetera.

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Plato Especial

Plato Caliente

Ensaladas

Bebidas

Postres

Mesas

Preescolar
Primaria
Bsica
Semestralizado
Tabla 1. Resultados de pruebas de Homogeneidad de Kruskal-Wallis.

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# 25 revista de ingeniera

tcnica

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16

Figura 2. Representacin de la cafetera actual.

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# 25 revista de ingeniera

tcnica

17
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Tabla 2. Escenarios analizados en funcin del nmero de servidores.

ANLISIS DE ESCENARIOS

8QD YH] FRQVWUXLGR \ YDOLGDGR HO PRGHOR LQLFLDO VH

HPSH]DURQDGLVHxDUGLIHUHQWHVHVFHQDULRVTXHGHEtDQ
VHUSUREDGRVDWUDYpVGHOPRGHORGHVLPXODFLyQ(VWRV HVFHQDULRV SXHGHQ FODVLILFDUVH HQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV
JUXSRV
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GHO PRGHOR RULJLQDO \ FRQWHPSODQGR HO FUHFLPLHQWR
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GHVHPSHxR \ UHDOL]DU XQ DQiOLVLV FRPSDUDWLYR  /RV
HVFHQDULRV DQDOL]DGRV VH UHVXPHQ HQ OD 7DEOD  TXH
PXHVWUD SDUD FDGD XQR GH ORV VHUYLFLRV HO Q~PHUR
DFWXDO GH VHUYLGRUHV \ HO Q~PHUR Pi[LPR DQDOL]DGR
3DUDWRGRVORVHVFHQDULRVVHFDOFXOyHOWLHPSRHQFROD
SURPHGLR\Pi[LPRDVtFRPRHOQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHVHQFRODSURPHGLR\Pi[LPR7DPELpQVHUHJLVWUDURQODVXWLOL]DFLRQHVGHORVVHUYLGRUHVFRQSDUWLFXODU
LQWHUpVHQODVPHVDV\DTXHpVWDVRFXSDQXQDDPSOLD
SRUFLyQGHOHVSDFLRGHODFDIHWHUtD
0RGLILFDFLRQHVHQODGLVFLSOLQDGHODVFRODVODFDIHWHUtDDFWXDOFXHQWDFRQGRVFRODVDVRFLDGDVDFDGDXQR
GHORVVHUYLGRUHVSULQFLSDOHVTXHOXHJRGHVHPERFDQ
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ODHQWUDGDRVDOLGDGHORVXVXDULRV(VWHDVSHFWRHVGH
YLWDOLPSRUWDQFLDSXHVGHSHQGLHQGRGHODGLPHQVLyQ
GHODVFRODVSXHGHVHUQHFHVDULRHVWDEOHFHUORVSXQWRV
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TXLHQHV\DVHHQFXHQWUDQDOPRU]DQGR
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\DTXHVXDGHFXDGDGLVSRVLFLyQSXHGHHYLWDUFKRTXHV
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SRVLELOLGDGGHREVHUYDU\FRPSDUDUHOFRPSRUWDPLHQ-

18

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SURSXHVWRVVXFHVLYDPHQWHSHUPLWLHQGRHVFODUHFHUSRVLEOHVSXQWRVGpELOHV\VXVVROXFLRQHV
RESULTADOS

'HVSXpVGHFRQWUDVWDUODVPHGLGDVGHGHVHPSHxRGH
ORVGLYHUVRVPRGHORVSUREDGRV\GHGLVFXWLUDPSOLD-

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Figura 3. Representacin del diseo a implementar para la cafetera.

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Tabla 3. Tiempo promedio en cola (minutos).

(VFHQDULR
$FWXDO
1XHYR+R\
1XHYR)XWXUR

0HGLD,QWHUYDOR




Tabla 4. Tiempo mximo en cola (minutos).

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FRQHOQ~PHURDFWXDOGHHVWXGLDQWHV\HOHVSHUDGRHQ
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 7DPELpQ HV LPSRUWDQWH QRWDU OD UHGXFFLyQ HQ
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ORVVHUYLFLRVSULQFLSDOHVVHFUXFHQFRQORVIOXMRVTXH
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Tabla 5. Nmero de clientes promedio en cola.

(VFHQDULR
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(OQ~PHURGHSHUVRQDVHQFROD7DEODV\HVXQD

LPSRUWDQWH YDULDEOH SDUD HO DQiOLVLV \ GLVHxR GHO VLVWHPD SXHV pVWDV SRGUtDQ OOHJDU D FUX]DUVH FRQ ODV

0HGLD,QWHUYDOR

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1XHYR)XWXUR

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Tabla 6. Nmero mximo de clientes en cola.

# 25 revista de ingeniera

tcnica

19

20

CONCLUSIONES

/RVFDPELRVSURSXHVWRVSDUDHOGLVHxRGHODFDIHWHUtD
HQHVWXGLRSHUPLWHQXQPHMRUGHVHPSHxRGHOVLVWHPD
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SHUPLWLyGLPHQVLRQDUDGHFXDGDPHQWHODVFRODVJHQHUDGDVHQHOVLVWHPDDGLFLRQDQGRLQIRUPDFLyQUHOHYDQWHSDUDHOGLVHxRJHQHUDOGHODFDIHWHUtD/DLGRQHLGDG
GHOGLVHxRGHODQXHYDFDIHWHUtDVHHQFXHQWUDVXVWHQWDGDHQXQDQiOLVLVULJXURVRGHODDOHDWRULHGDGLPSOtFLWD
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GHO GLVHxR 3RU HVWD UD]yQ HO HVWXGLR UHDOL]DGR IXQGDPHQWDVXYDORUDJUHJDGRHQODLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULHGDG
GH VXV SDUWLFLSDQWHV \ PXHVWUD XQD DSOLFDFLyQ GH ODV
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AGRADECIMIENTOS

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SUHVHQWHHVWXGLRSXHVIXHURQHOORVTXLHQHVEXVFDURQ
ODD\XGDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHORV$QGHVSDUDVROXFLRQDUHOSUREOHPDGHGLVHxR\TXLHQHVEULQGDURQWRGD
ODFRODERUDFLyQSDUDUHDOL]DUODWRPDGHGDWRVYDOLGDU
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REFERENCIAS

[1] M. Dong.
3URFHVV0RGHOLQJ3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVDQG&RQJXUDWLRQ6LPXODWLRQ
in Integrated Supply Chain Network Design. 3K'7KHVLV9LUJLQLD
3RO\WHFKQLF,QVWLWXWHDQG6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\

[2] A.K. Kharwat.

Computer Simulation: an important tool in the fast-food industry
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH  :LQWHU 6LPXODWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH


[3] E. Williams, S. Khoubyari.

Modeling issues in a shipping system. 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH 
:LQWHU6LPXODWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH

[4] S. Curin, J. Vosko, E. Chan, O. Tsimhoni.

Reducing service time at a busy fast food restaurant on campus.
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH  :LQWHU 6LPXODWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH


[5] A. Law.
How to conduct a successful simulation study.3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH
:LQWHU6LPXODWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH

[6] S. Kwan, M. Davis, A. Greenwood.

$VLPXODWLRQPRGHOIRUGHWHUPLQLQJYDULDEOHZRUNHU
UHTXLUHPHQWVLQDVHUYLFHRSHUDWLRQZLWKWLPHGHSHQGHQW
FXVWRPHUGHPDQGQueueing Systems. 9RO1XP


[7] A. Field, M. McKnew, P. Kiessler.

$VLPXODWLRQFRPSDULVRQRIEXIIHWUHVWDXUDQWVDSSO\LQJ
0RQWH&DUORPRGHOLQJ Cornell Hotel and Restaurant
Administration Quaterly.9RO1R

[8] D. Brann, B. Kulick.

Simulation of restaurant operations using the restaurant modeling
studio.3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH:LQWHU6LPXODWLRQ
&RQIHUHQFH

[9] K. Farahmand, A. Francisco, G. Martinez.

Simulation and animation of the operation of a fast food restaurant.
3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH:LQWHU6LPXODWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH


[10] W.J. Conover.

Practical Nonparametric statistics.1HZ<RUN-RKQ:LOH\


[11] A. Law; W.D. Kelton.

Simulation, Modeling and Analysis.0F*UDZ+LOO+LJKHU
(GXFDWLRQ

[12] J. Banks, J. Carlson, B. Nelson y D. Nicol.

Discrete Event System simulation.3UHQWLFH+DOO,QWHUQDWLRQDO
6HULHV

[13] W.D. Kelton, R. Sadowski, D. Sturrock.

Simulation with AR ENA. 1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO+LJKHU
(GXFDWLRQ

[14] W.D. Kelton.

Experimental Design for Simulation3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH
:LQWHU6LPXODWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH

# 25 revista de ingeniera

tcnica

21