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SIMBOL
O
PM
%PM
%FM
comb.
PM
C=a x b
C
nxb
H
mxb
An Bm
Nitrogeno
28
1.202
0.0120
2
0.33656
32
0.425
0.136
44
0.072
0.0042
5
0.0007
2
0.03168
0.0007
2
16
86.533
0.8653
3
0.0610
7
0.0327
6
0.0043
1
0.0101
5
0.0022
9
13.8452
8
1.8321
0.8653
3
0.1221
4
0.0982
8
0.0172
4
0.0406
3.4613
2
0.3664
2
0.2620
8
0.0431
0.16488
0.0114
5
0.0274
8
0.0026
0.1872
0.013
0.0312
N
Oxigeno
O
Dioxido
Carbono
de
CO
Metano
CH
4
Etano
30
6.107
44
3.276
10
58
0.431
10
58
1.015
72
0.229
72
0.26
86
0.183
C H
Propano
C H
i Butano
C H
n Butano
C H
i Pentano
C H
12
1.44144
0.24998
0.5887
0.0240
4
0.0085
0.0014
4
0.1015
n Pentano
C H
Hexano
C H
Heptano
l 100
12
14
16
C H
0.01869
0.0018 0.15738
3
0.0109 0.0256 0.0026 0.267
8
2
7
0.0427 4.3614 0.0099 0.02404
2
2
4
2
4
2
GN + a (O + 3.762 N ) = b CO + c H O + e N
c=
4.36144
2
= 2.18072
O = 0.00994 + 2 a = 2b + c
a=
2b c 0.00994
2
= 2.28382
N = 0.02404 + 2a x 3.762 = 2e
e=
= 8.6038
C = 1.19843 = b
H = 4.36144 = 2c
c=
4.36144
2
= 2.18072
O = 0.00994 + 2 a = 2b + c
a=
2
2b c 0.00994
2
N = 0.02404 + 2a x 3.762 = 2e
= 2.28382
e=
= 8.6038
73.08224
19.2382
240.5685
19.2382
52.73092
19.2382
39.25296
19.2382
240.9064
19.2382
1+3.79881+12.5047302 = 2.74095+2.040366+12.5223
a/c
= 16.304
2
73.08224 + 240.5685 =
313.651
19.2382
= 16.304 Kg a / Kg c
H = 4.36144
2
O = 1.35 a x2 = 2b + c + 2d
d=
1.35 x 2a 2b c
2
= 0.795
e=
= 11.611
2
(32)
+1.35X2.28382X3.762X
(28)
=1.19843X
98.661024
19.2382
324.77
19.2382
52.731
19.2382
39.253
19.2382
= 22.0104 Kga/Kgc
CO = 1.19771
= 7.59%
325.108
19.2382
25.44
19.2382
(44)
H O = 2.18076
2
N = 11.611
2
O = 0.795
Total= 15.7815
= 13.02%
= 73.57%
= 5.038%
PM
% en Vol.
Vol.CO
m
(Cm
Hn)
N
O
Vol. Omin
(m +
n
4
CmHn)
Vol. H O
m
2
CmHn
28
1.202
32
0.425
44
0.072
16
86.533
86.533
173.07
173.07
CO
CH
4
2
30
6.107
12.214
21.375
18.321
44
3.276
9.828
16.38
13.104
10
58
0.431
1.724
2.8015
2.155
10
58
1.015
4.06
6.5975
5.075
12
72
0.229
1.145
1.832
1.374
12
72
0.26
1.3
2.08
1.56
86
0.183
1.098
1.7385
1.281
C H
C H
C H
C H
C H
5
C H
5
6
C H
14
100
16
0.267
C H
119.771
1.869
228.812
2.937
218.076
V = 0.0478
2.136
0.5 CO H 2 1.5 H 2 S m
n
C m H n O2
4
m3a
m3c
h
=
74%
74% 3.762 X 5.038
= 1.3443
EXCESO DE AIRE:
Ra / c real Ra / c teorico
Ra / c teorico
e =
22.0104 16.304
16.304
= 0.35 = 35%
h xV 0
Vr =
= 1.34431X10.9372136 = 14.70301
m3a
m3c
=1:
0
CO2
=V
CO2
0
N2
= 0.79 V
N2
1.202
0.79 X 10.9372136
8.65242
100
100
H 2O
= 0.01
0
H 2 S H 2 2 C m H n 0.124dg 0.016V
m3a
0
H 2O
m 3c
gs
V 0 H 2O
Vg = V
Vg = 9.85085+2.3558 =12.20665
m3a
m3c
h 1
VOLUMEN DE LOS PRODUCTOS DE COMBUSTION PARA
0
gs
h 1V 0
Vgs = V
Vgs = 9.85085+ (1.35-1) X10.9372136 = 13.678875
VOLUMEN DE VAPOR DE AGUA
H 2O
V 0 H 2O 0.0161 1V 0
H 2O
m3a
m3c
Vg = V
VH 2O
Vg = 13.678875+2.4174312 = 16.09631
m3a
m3c
h V 0 N 2
N2
= 1.35X8.65242 = 11.6808
m3a
m3c
O2
1V 0 O2
O2
= (1.35-1)X
228.812
m3a
0.801 3
100
m c
Gas Hmedo:
1
V
1
V
1
V
1
V
V
CO2
H2O
N2
= 2.4174312 = 15.02%
= 11.6808
OEX
TOTAL
= 1.19843 = 7.445%
= 0.801
= 72.562%
= 4.98%
= 16.0977 = 100 %
Gas Seco:
CO2
= 1.19843 = 8.76031%
N2
V = 11.6808 = 85.385%
V
OEX
= 0.801
= 5.8552%
TOTAL
=13.68023 = 100%
gh 0.01 %CO2
%H 2O
N2
%O2
22.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
44
18
28
32
gh 0.01 7.445 x
15.02 x
72.562 x
4.98 x
22.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
= 1.2451141
Kg
m3
h 0 h 1 h 0 a hcen
V 0 CO2 hCO2 V 0 N 2 hN 2 V 0 H 2O hH 2O
h
h
gs 0.01 %CO2
%H 2O
%N 2
%O2
22.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
44
28
32
gs 0.01 8.76031x
85.385 x
5.8552 x
22.4
22.4
22.4
= 1.323037
kg
m3
Mg =
Mg = 1.323037+1.306x1.35x10.9372136 = 20.61
kg
m3
h 0 g h 1 h 0 a hcen
V 0 CO2 hCO2 V 0 N 2 hN 2 V 0 H 2O hH 2O
h
h
INF
dh
dh C P xdT
dT
H 298 K
a bT cT 2 dT 3
0.01014 2
3.415 X 10 6 3
2
1
.
0724
6
.
34
298
298
T 298 3
CO2
2
3
0.00316 2
1.005 X 10 6 3
1.0503 6.117 T 298
T 298 2
T 298 3
2
3
O2
H =
0.001389 2
0.069 X 10 6 3
2
11
.
8519
6
.
457
T
298
298
T 298 3
N2
2
3
Entonces:
H
H
CO2
O2
N2
H =
Como
H CO2 H O2 H N 2
tendremos:
H
2
89.75171T
6
26745.9
0.0153T
Como
H 298 K
de tablas tenemos:
H COMB. 67636
INTERPOLANDO:
T
935
Tx
934
Cp.
67731.261
67636
67617.76
Tx =
1 1114.053
934.2 273 K 661.2 C
1.1915
h
1222
h
804
661.2
700
CO
1461
N
946
700 600
1461 1222
1.634CO
2
CO
1996.75 239
239 1996.75
Kj
1368.3 3
1.634
m
h
850
2
O
1005
h
967
2
H O
1147
142 1313.4
Kj
890.91 3
1.634
m
155 1388.9
Kj
944.86 3
1.634
m
180 1580.08
Kj
1077.16 3
1.634
m
REEMPLAZANDO
ESCESO:
0
h
0
EN
LA
ECUACION
PARA
h 1
SIN
VCO2 hCO2 V 0 N 2 hN 2 V 0 H 2O hH 2O
h = 14650.3142
Kj
m3
V 0 a C paTa
h
T
600
h
830
661.2
700
Ta =
h
979
149 156.22
921.19
1.634
Reemplazando en la ecuacin
0
m3a
Kj
Kj
x921.19 3 10075.252 3
a 10.9372136
3
mc
m a
mc
h 0 g h 1 h 0 a hcen
Tg
Kj
m3
INF
+
H
INF
INF
= 30978.814+3896.27+2990.99+511.60+1204.81+334.57+379.86
= 40296.914
Kj
m3
T
26.7
h
24.46
f
25
25.6
h
25.57
f
1.11 15.83
Kcal
26.1824
0.647
Kg
HP
g
mv h g h f
8441.6
8441.6 xHP
h f hg
mv
8441.6 x600 HP
Kcal
Kcal
26.1824
564.493
Kg
Kg
hr
9409
hr
mv h g h f
9409
5064964.44
Kg
564.493 26.1824 Kcal
hr
Kg
Kcal
Kj
344484.9
hr
hr
Kcal
564.493 26.1824
hg h f
Kg
539.4
Kcal
539.4
Kg
0.998
VAPORIZACION EQUIVALENTE:
eq
mv h g h f
539.4
9409
Kg
564.493 26.1824 Kcal
Kg
hr
Kg
9389.99
Kcal
Hr
539.4
Kg
inf
mv
cq
mv h g h f
mcq H INF
mv h g h f
b H INF
9409
cq
89%
X 100
X 100
Kg
564.493 26.1824 Kcak
kg
hr
kg
x100 356.841
Kcal
hr
89% x15948.2
kg
28 N 2
28 X 1.202
Kga
50.7
12 CO2 CO 0.769 12 X 0.072 X 0.769
Kgc
m
PESO DE LOS GASES SECOS POR Kg DE COMBUSTIBLE:
gs
m
gs
44CO2 32O2 28 CO N 2
12 CO2 CO
qs
mv h g h f
X 100
mqs H INF
mv h g h f
c H INF
9409
qs
X 100
kg
564.493 26.1824 kcal
kg
hr
kg
x100 378.082
kcal
hr
84 x15948.2
kg
T=
T
368.54
T
371.27
P
210.9
P
218.0
2.73 1609.2
369.2 C
4.36642
TRABAJO
7.1 920.88
Kg
212.53 2
4.36642
cm
P
CALOR QUE INGRESA AL HOGAR CON AIRE
PRECALENTADO:
Donde:
Cpa = Capacidad calorfica media volumtrica de aire a presin ctte.
3
h V 0 C pa Ta
A int
h V 0 C pa Tac Ts
Q
Q
Q
A int
2356.532
DE
m3a
Kj
* 1.33 3 423 303 K
3
mc
m K
Kj
m3c
0.6035 Kg m 3
Kj 1
Kj
1
2356.532 3 *
*
3
3
m c Gri
m c 0.6035 Kg m c
A int
2356.532
A int
3904.78 Kj Kg
ri
a
comb
Kj Kg K
a
comb
T
Temperatura del combustible a la entrada del hogar C para un
rango de 20 a 100C
comb
Kcal
Kg C
0.593
a
comb C combTcomb
Kcal
* 25 C
Kg C
comb
0.593
comb
14.825
comb
62.07
Q
Kcal 4.1868 Kj Kg
*
Kg
Kcal Kg
KJ
Kg
Kj
* 0.6035 3 37.459 3
Kg
m
m
CALOR DISPONIBLE:
Q
DIS
DIS
40296.914
DIS
42690.91
kJ
Kj
Kj
2356.532 3 37.459 3
3
m
m
m
Kj
m3
344484.9 Kj Hr
Qv
Kj
911.14
mqs 378.082 Hg Hr
Kg
911.14
Kj
Kg
Kj
* 0.6035 3 549.9 3
Kg
m
m
100
V ge C pgeTge h V C a Ta
V ge C pgeTge h V C paTa
pge
para T
V
ge
Kj
m3 K
m 3 Kg
250a300 C
30 273 303 K
ga
0.2271
Kcal 4.1868 Kj Kg
Kg
Kj
*
* 1.2451141 3 1.1839 3
Kg K
Kcal Kg
m
m
C
2 16.09631
Q
2
5116.72
m3
Kj
m3a
Kj
*
1
.
1839
*
573
1
.
35
*
10
.
9372136
* 1.297 3
* 303 K
3
3
3
m
m
mc
m K
Kj
m3
a
237 C a 0.376S vol
CO 0
3
RO 2 CO
M m h II h I
2.4174312
II
0.07 kg cm 2
hmedos a una P
T
h
593.3
648.9
661.2 593.3
h II 879.44
879.44
908.55
II
661.2
h II
29.11 1073.97
Kcal
903.28
1.2212
Kg
Kg
Kcal
* 903.28 26.1824
Kg
Kg
2.427
2128.72
Kcal 4.1868 Kj kg
Kg
Kj
*
* 0.6035 3 5378.7 3
Kg
Kcal Kg
m
m
Q
PERDIDA DE CALOR AL MEDIO AMBIENTE:
Depende de las dimensiones de la caldera (equipo)la calidad de
revestimiento y aislamiento trmico se toma en base a los datos
normativos y las pruebas de los equipos de caldera se determinan por:
Q
comb
QDISP Q1 Q2 ...............QB
comb
42690.91
Kj
Kj
549.9 5130.6 5378.7 3
3
m
m
comb
31631.71
Kj
m3
PORCENTAGE DE PRDIDAS:
q1
Q1
549.9
* 100
* 100 1.29
QDIS
42690.91
q2
Q2
5130.6
* 100
*100 12.02
QDIS
42690.91
qB
QB
5378.7
* 100
*100 12.60
Q DIS
42690.91
q comb
Qcomb
31631.71
* 100
*100 74.1
QDIS
42690.91
TOTAL 100
DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA CHIMENEA:
CONSUMO DE COMBUSTIBLE:
B 712.3
comb 0.753 kg m 3
m3
Kg
hr
kg
* 0.753 3 *
0.15
hr
seg
m 3600 seg
q
kg
Bcal B 1 4 1 * 0.15
100
seg
m 3 seg
QUE
V gCh nBcal V g h 1V
273 1.01 * 10 5
*
273
Pb
gm
m3a
m 3 a 300 273 1.01 * 10 5
* 16.09631 3 1.35 110.9372136 3 *
*
273
m c
m c
97.10 3 Pa
m3
6.545141
seg
V gCh 1 * 0.15
V gCh
kg
seg
DCh 1.13
DCH
VCH
VCH
V gCh
VCh
Dimetro de la chimenea.
1.13 * 6.545141 m 3
0.66m 2
ALTURA DE LA CHIMENEA:
seg
19.1862 m seg
m seg
T1 T2
T2
VCH 2 gH
VCH
T1 T2
T2
2 gH
V 2 CH
T T2
2* g * 1
T2
T1 300 C
T2
150 30 C
90 C
2
Donde:
T
T
Tg
Ta
DCH 1.13
DH 1.13
V gCH
VCH
6.545141 m 3 seg
0.7 m 2 o1m 2
19.1862 seg seg
19.1862 m seg 2
m 300 1
2 * 9.81
*
seg 2 90
8.0523m
2
* d12 * 0.82105m 0.53m 2 530cm 3
4
4
Seccin transversal
Hasta 1000cm
1.65
Qv
qf
q f 21760333.6
kg
seg
kg
* 3600
* 40296.914 3
seg
hr
m
kj
m 3 hr
kj
hr
Vf
0.016m 3
kj
21760333.6 3
m hr
344484.9
D3
4 *V f
12.6 *
4 * 0.016m 3
0.0657 m
12.6 *
D 6.57cm 657mm