Athenea Digital - 11(2): 101-112 (julio 2011) -ARTCULOS-ISSN: 1!

"-"#$%
A social constructed human beeing: a
(bio)technological approach
Un ser humano construdo socialmente:
una aproximacin (bio)tecnolgica
Francesca Randazzo*; uan R! "oca**; es#s A! $alero %atas**
*Uni&ersidad de 'antiago de "ompostela; **Uni&ersidad de $alladolid
(rancescahonduras)*ahoo!com
Abstract Resumen
A& a &o'ial 'on&t(u'tion) (*io)te'hnolog+
1
&houl, not *e
&tu,ie, out o- the &o'ial -iel,. /(o0 a So'ial I0agina(ie&
a11(oa'h) (*io)te'hnolog+ 'an *e 'on&i,e(e, a& a
'onte01o(a(+ &o'ial 0ag0a -o(0e, *+ *iologi'al)
te'hni'al) 1&+'hologi'al) &o'iologi'al an, a2iologi'al
-a'to(&. O(*iting a(oun, the the cyborg 0eta1ho() in thi&
a(ti'le 3e inten, to *uil, a 0ulti,i&'i1lina(+ a11(oa'h o-
thi& 1ol+'onte2tu(e.
Como una construccin social, la (bio)tecnologa no
debe ser estudiada fuera del campo social. Desde una
perspectiva analtica sobre los imaginarios sociales, la
(bio)tecnologa puede ser considerada como un
magma social formado por factores biolgicos,
tcnicos, psicolgicos, sociolgicos y axiolgicos.
Orbitando alrededor de la metfora del cyborg, en este
artculo nos proponemos construir un enfo!ue
multidisciplinar de esta polycontextura.
+e*,ords: C+*o(g) So'ial I0agina(ie&)
(4io)te'hnolog+
Palabras clave: Cyborg, "maginarios sociales,
(#io)tecnologa
-ntroduction
It i& not ne'e&&a(+ to (e-e( to &'hola(& to a--i(0 that 3e&te(n 'i5ili6ation ten,& to 0a7e a 1a(allel *et3een
hu0an an, te'hnologi'al ,e5elo10ent. /o( 8a(2i&0 it i& e5en a nu'lea( 'on'e1t to un,e(&tan, &o'ietie&)
thei( hi&to(+ an, e'ono0+. The e21(e&&ion o- thi& 1a(ti'ula( (elation ha&) no3a,a+&) 1(ett+ 1a(ti'ula(
-o(0&) an, 3e 3ill -o'u& on thi& a(ti'le on (*io)te'hnolog+) 'on&'iou& that 3e a(e a&&u0ing 9uite a
'hallenge: the :&o'iologi'al &tu,+ o- te'hnolog+; i& -a( *e+on, *eing an e5i,ent 0atte() an, it ha& *een
a--i(0e, (La3) 200<) that the(e i& not a &ingle &o'iologi'al &tu,+ o- te'hnolog+ at all
2
.
1
4iote'hnolog+ i& a =g(ou1 o- te'hni9ue& 3hi'h 0a7e 1o&&i*le the u&e o- 1(o1e(tie& -(o0 li5ing '(eatu(e& to 1(o,u'e
goo,& an, &e(5i'e&> (8u?o6) 2001) 1. 11). That i&) a te'hnolog+ 3ith a &t(ong 1(o,u'ti5e an, e'ono0i'al 1u(1o&e.
@he(ea&) (*io)te'hnolog+ (e-e(& to the te'hnologie& lin7e, to the li5ing in a glo*al &en&e an,) the(e-o(e) to tho&e
'lo&el+ lin7e, to the hu0an *eing an, hi& t(an&-o(0ation. /o( thi& (ea&on) (*io)te'hnolog+ i& not 'i('u0&'(i*e, to the
attain0ent o- goo,& an, &e(5i'e&A the t(an&-o(0ation it&el- o- ou( *o,+ 'an *e in'lu,e, in thi& 'on'e1t. /o( in&tan'e)
geneti' enginee(ing i& not 'on&i,e(e, a& 1a(t o- *iote'hnolog+) in &1ite o- the 'lea() ,ee1 an, te'hnologi'al 'hange o-
li-e it i01lie&.
2
In te(0& o- &o'iet+-*iote'hnolog+ (elation&) it 3oul, *e inte(e&ting to ha5e &o0ething el&e than ju&t satisfactory)
ambivalent o( controversial (cf. 8u?o6) 2001).
101
A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an *eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h
It i& 1(o*a*l+ too &oon to 0ea&u(e the in-luen'e o- 0o,e(n (*io)te'hnolog+
<
in the 1(o'e&&e& o- i,entit+)
1e(&onal an, 'olle'ti5e *uil,ing (4(on'ano) 200%) 1. 2$). Although) 3hat i& al(ea,+ 'o00on) i& to -in,
-a'tual &tu,ie& a*out ageing an, ho3 to 0ini0i6e it& e--e't&A (e&ea('he& on ne3 te'hnologie& 'a1a*le o-
0a7ing u1 -o( 1h+&i'al ,i&a*ilitie& ('o'hlea( i01lant&) 1a'e0a7e(&) o(tho1ae,i'&) et')A a,5an'e& 3ith
&te0 'ell& -o( a =(e'on&t(u'tion> o- an+ 7in, o- ,a0age o( 1atholog+A i01(o5e0ent& o- the 1(o'e,u(e& an,
the a'hie5e0ent o- 0ate(ial& in 1la&ti' &u(ge(+) ju&t to 0ention &o0e.
On the light o- &'ienti-i' a'hie5e0ent an, 1(o&1e'ti5e) 'an 3e (e-(ain -(o0 &eeing h+*(i,& e5e(+3he(eB
The+ 'an *e -oun, in all &o(t o- in,u&t(ie&: 0e,i'al) *iote'hnolog+i'al) 1ha(0a'euti'al) ae&theti'al)... I&
thi& 1heno0enon &ho3ing &o0ething ne3 a*out hu0an &o'ietie&B @hat a(e 3e *e'o0ingB A(e hu0an&
*e'o0ing &o0ething *ette() 3o(&t o( ju&t ,i--e(entB It i& 0u'h o- e5i,en'e that 3e a(e 3itne&&ing the
,i&&olution o- &o0e t(a,itional ,i&tin'tion& li7e hu0anCnon-hu0an) natu(alCa(ti-i'ial) 'ultu(eCte'hnolog+)
theo(+C1(a2i&) 'ontentC'onte2t) 0a'(oC0i'(o (cf. 4(on'ano) 200% 1. 2%).
Dan,+ (200) ha, ,e5elo1e, a (elational an, 0ate(iall+ g(oun,e, (ea,ing o- the '+*o(g) a& an int(in&i'
,i0en&ion to the 'o-e5olution o- &o'ial an, te'hnologi'al &+&te0&. In hi& 3o(7 he u&e& the '+*o(g
0eta1ho( a& an a*&t(a't an, inte(-&u*je'ti5e (eal0 th(ough 3hi'h 1oliti'al an, 'ultu(al i,ea& *e'o0e
'on&titute, o( :-le&he, out;. The u&e o- &u'h a 0eta1ho( 1oint& to the inte(a'tion *et3een &o'ial an,
*io1h+&i'al 1(o'e&&e&A e21lo(e& the inte(-a'e *et3een te'hnolog+ an, the *o,+A ,e&ta*ili6e& the
1e(5a&i5e na((ati5e& o- ,e0ate(iali6ation) &1atial 0allea*ilit+ an, 5i(tuali6ationA *e'o0e&) -inall+) a '(iti'al
intelle'tual 'on'e1t that 'hallenge& ,i&e0*o,ie,) ,uali&ti') 0a&'ulini&t an, teleologi'al *o,ie& o-
7no3le,ge.
A '+*o(g i& a h+*(i, '(eatu(e) 'o01o&e, o- o(gani&0 an, 0a'hine. 4ut) '+*o(g& a(e
'o01oun,e, o- &1e'ial 7in,& o- 0a'hine& an, &1e'ial 7in,& o- o(gani&0& a11(o1(iate to
the late t3entieth 'entu(+. C+*o(g& a(e 1o&t-Se'on, @o(l, @a( h+*(i, entitie& 0a,e o-)
-i(&t) ou(&el5e& an, othe( o(gani' '(eatu(e& in ou( un'ho&en =high-te'hnologi'al> gui&e
a& in-o(0ation &+&te0&) te2t&) an, e(gono0i'all+ 'ont(olle, la*ou(ing) ,e&i(ing) an,
(e1(o,u'ing &+&te0&. The &e'on, e&&ential ing(e,ient in '+*o(g& i& 0a'hine& in thei(
gui&e) al&o) a& 'o00uni'ation& &+&te0&) te2t&) an, &el--a'ting) e(gono0i'all+ ,e&igne,
a11a(atu&e& (Ea(a3a+) 1##1) 1. 1).
Thin7ing the hu0an *eing a& a cyborg) i01lie& -i(&t F-o( thi& a(ti'le inte(e&tF a (*io)te'hnologi'al
'on&i,e(ation) *ut F0o&t i01o(tantF it 1e(0it& the 'on-luen'e o- 0an+ -iel,&. A&1e't& &u'h a& ethi'&)
1oliti'& an, anth(o1olog+ o(*it a(oun, the 1o&&i*ilitie& o- hu0an &el--t(an&-o(0ation. In -a't) the '+*o(g
0eta1ho( *e'o0e& a &+0*ol -o( the 0ilita(i6ation o- &o'iet+ (Dan,+) 200A D(a+ 1##! an, De( De(ian)
2001). Th(ough the So'ial I0agina(ie& (SI) theo(ie&) the (ole o- thi& &o'ial 'on&t(u't into the &o'ial &+&te0
'an *e &tu,ie,) --o( e2a01le) in the 0ain 1(o'e&&e& o- 'on&titution o- 3el-a(e) +outh an, 0o,e(n nihili&0.
Ne5e(thele&&) &u'h a &tu,+ i& not o*5iou&. Cultu(al 0eaning -a,e& -(o0 'olle'ti5e 'on&'iou&ne&&)
g(a,uall+ ,i&a11ea(ing -(o0 5ie3 a& 1a(t o- the :ta7en--o(-g(ante,; 3o(l, o- e5e(+,a+ li-e. Gue&tion& a*out
theo(ie& an, 0etho,ologie& 0a7e it) in the *e&t o- the 'a&e&) a ne3 -iel, o- (e&ea('h. At an+ (ate) the
&t(i't logi'& o- (ea&on ,oe& not lea, &tu,ie& to a 'on'lu&i5e an, -i(0 1o(t) an, 0o&t o- the 3o(7 on SI
<
The(e i& a 'on-u&ion (ega(,ing the 'on'e1t o- *iote'hnolog+. In thi& 1a1e() 3e 3ill onl+ 'on&i,e( the &tage o- Ne3
4iote'hnologie& 3hi'h o1en& the 1o&&i*ilit+ to t(an&-o(0 the geno0e) a& 3ell a& othe( te'hnologie& ai0e, to
t(an&-o(0 the hu0an *eing) &ha1ing an i0agina(+ o- &el--'on&t(u'tion o- natu(e an, o- ou(&el5e&.
102
/(an'e&'a Ran,a66oA Huan R. Co'aA He&I& A. Jale(o 8ata&
ha5e a g(eat ,e*t 3ith lite(atu(e) lingui&ti'&) an, &1e'iall+ 3ith he(0eneuti'&. I& it 1o&&i*le to ,ete(0ine
the &'he0e& o- thought that &u&tain& the So'ial I0agina(+ o- the hu0an *eingB
.isassembling and reassembling di((erent bodies o(
/no,ledge
@hen ente(ing into the &o'ial anal+&i& o- te'hnolog+) 3e &houl, a&7 ou(&el5e& i- 3e a(e not &i01l+
(e,i&'o5e(ing) o( (e-a(ti'ulating) 3hat i& al(ea,+ 'lea( in the 1(a'ti'e. Hohn La3 (200<) in5ite& (e&ea('he(&
an, &'hola(& to &ee ho3 the te'hni'al -iel, i& al3a+& ju2ta1o&e,) i- not 0i2e, u1) 3ith 1oliti'al) legal) an,
e'ono0i'&.
/o( in&tan'e) inte(net i& &ai, to *e one o- the *e&t 'o00uni'ation) in-o(0ation an,) e5en) e0an'i1ation
tool&) *ut the (ele5an'e gi5en to 'o00uni'ation in the 'onte01o(a(+ &o'iet+) *e+on, the (i&ing
i01o(tan'e o- 0a&& 0e,ia) i& a ='on&e9uen'e o- a &+0*oli' a((a+ inte(3ea5ing 'o00uni'ation)
te'hnolog+ an, -utu(e an, ha& it& 'on'e1tual o(igin in '+*e(neti'& an, the 1oliti'al (eo(gani6ation o-
0e('antile an, 0anage(ial 0entalit+> (Ca*(e(a) 200% 11. 1<# an, -.).
It i& ha(, to ,en+ that 3e li5e un,e( a ne3 (*io)te'hnologi'al 1a(a,ig0 3he(e the hu0an &el--
t(an&-o(0ation a'9ui(e& an unu&ual i01o(tan'e. Ne3 &ou('e& o- ene(g+) the &+nthe&i& o- ne3 0ate(ial&)
la&e( te'hnolog+ o( *iote'hnolog+ in e5e(+ &o'ial a'ti5it+) 'annot *e out o- an i01a't 3ith noto(iou&
(e1e('u&&ion& on the &o'iet+ (Guintanilla) 200 K @oolga() 1#""). The natu(al &+&te0 i& =0a'hini6e,>
an, the a(ti-i'ial en5i(on0ent *e'o0e& i00ate(ial ('o01ute( net3o(7&) '+*e(&1a'e) 5i(tual (ealit+) et'.)
(Eottoi&) 1###C200<).
Although) the 1e('e1tion o- *iote'hnolog+
$
i& 'lo&el+ lin7e, to it& &tage& o- e21e(i0ental 1(og(e&&:
4iote'hnolog+ ha& e21e(ien'e, ,i--e(ent &tage&) ,e1en,ing on the ,eg(ee o-
0ani1ulation o- the o(gani&0& u&e, an, o- the 1(o,u't& o*taine,. Cla&&i' te'hnolog+
,e&ign& the e01i(i'al te'hnologie& ai0ing) *a&i'all+ to o*tain -oo, (*(ea,) *ee()
'hee&e) 3ine) et'.). Late() a11ea(e, a nu0*e( o- Te'hnologie& to o*tain &1e'i-i'
1(o,u't&) &u'h a& a0ino a'i,&) 0ethanol) ethanol an,) a*o5e all) anti*ioti'&) th(ough
the &ele'tion o- natu(al o(gani&0& a*le to 1(o,u'e the&e 'o01oun,& in thei(
-e(0entati5e 1(o'e&&e&) o( to &e'(ete the&e i01o(tant &e'on,a(+ 0eta*olite&. The&e&
te'hnologie& ha5e *een ,e&ignate, a& 0o,e(n *iote'hnologie&. The 1(e&ent &tage o-
Ne3 4iote'hnologie& i& 'ha(a'te(i6e, *+ the 1o&&i*ilit+ to 0o,i-+ the geno0e o- hu0an
*eing& (8onto+a an, 8u(illo) 1##1) 1. 1#1).
He(e0+ Ri-7in (1###) tal7& a*out the century of biotec$nology 'ha(a'te(i6e, *+ the a'ti5it+ *a&e, on -i(&t)
i&olate) i,enti-+ an, (e'o0*ine gene& a& the 0ate(ial o- -utu(e e'ono0i' a'ti5it+A &e'on,)
'o00e('iali6ation) 1atent&) geneti' enginee(ingA thi(,) glo*ali6ation) 1o3e( an, *ioti' (e&ou('e& o- the
1lanetA -o(th) 1o&&i*ilit+ o- a eugeni' 'i5ili6ation ,(i5en *+ e'ono0+A -i-th) ne3 &'ienti-i' (e&ea('h a*out the
geneti' *a&i& o- *eha5iou(A &i2th) 'o01ute( an, tele0ati' 0ean&A &e5enth) ne3 i,ea& a*out natu(e to
legiti0i6e the 'entu(+ o- *iote'hnolog+. To *e a*le to 1ut togethe( &u'h -a'to(& an, 0a7e the0 3o(7) 3e
nee, a &1e'ial tool i- not to *uil, thi& 'on&t(u't u1) at lea&t to thin7 a*out itA hen'e)
$
See note 1.
10<
A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an *eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h
LtheM cyborg 3oul, *e the 'ent(al -igu(e o- ou( &1a'e-ti0e) 3he(e the 0ain (ule& o-
inte(1(etation) a&&e&&0ent an, lo'ali6ation inte(3ea5e an, *e'o0e 0o(e 5i&i*le LNM at
lea&t) (ega(,ing the &o'ial agent. In thi& &en&e) the cyborg 3oul, *e the -igu(e 3hi'h tie&
the 0ain a(gu0ent& o( &u*je't& o- ou( &to(ie& o- i,entit+ an, allo3& 0ate(iali6ing)
1e(&oni-+ing o( &eeing the e5ent&) ten&ion& an, 'on,ition& 3hi'h outline no3a,a+& the
e5entual &o'ial agent& (Da('Oa Selga&) 1###) 1. 1").
The '+*o(g i& a &o1hi&ti'ate, '(eation that &i0ultaneou&l+ e2ten,& an, th(eaten& ou( un,e(&tan,ing o-
3hat it 0ean& to *e hu0an (/igue(oa K Ste5en) 2002). It 1oint& on *e'o0ing :1o&t hu0an; in o(,e( to
li*e(ate the hu0an *o,+ -(o0 the illu&o(+ *oun,a(ie& o- the autono0ou& &el- (Dan,+) 200). 4e+on,
-anta&ti'al 'o0*ination& o- *o,ie& an, 0a'hine&) it i& a 3a+ o- thin7ing the 3o(l,. Sin'e the 0i,-1#"0&) it
ha& *een u&e, a& an ontologi'al &t(ateg+ to thin7 a*out 3hat a11ea(& to (e&i,e out&i,e 'on5entional
-(a0e3o(7& o- un,e(&tan,ing.
The '+*o(g i& a '+*e(neti' o(gani&0 that ,i&a&&e0*le& an, (ea&&e0*le&) at the &a0e ti0e) 'hi0e(a an,
&o'ial (ealit+. Ea(a3a+ (1##1) i& the -i(&t to u&e the '+*o(g a& a 0eta1ho( to un,e(&tan, an,
'o00uni'ate 3o0en;& &t(uggle:
A '+*o(g i& a '+*e(neti' o(gani&0) a h+*(i, o- 0a'hine an, o(gani&0) a '(eatu(e o-
&o'ial (ealit+ a& 3ell a& a '(eatu(e o- -i'tion. So'ial (ealit+ i& li5e, &o'ial (elation&) ou(
0o&t i01o(tant 1oliti'al 'on&t(u'tion) a 3o(l,-'hanging -i'tion. The inte(national
3o0enP& 0o5e0ent& ha5e 'on&t(u'te, P3o0enP& e21e(ien'eP) a& 3ell a& un'o5e(e, o(
,i&'o5e(e, thi& '(u'ial 'olle'ti5e o*je't. Thi& e21e(ien'e i& a -i'tion an, -a't o- the 0o&t
'(u'ial) 1oliti'al 7in,. Li*e(ation (e&t& on the 'on&t(u'tion o- the 'on&'iou&ne&&) the
i0aginati5e a11(ehen&ion) o- o11(e&&ion) an, &o o- 1o&&i*ilit+. The '+*o(g i& a 0atte( o-
-i'tion an, li5e, e21e(ien'e that 'hange& 3hat 'ount& a& 3o0enP& e21e(ien'e in the late
t3entieth 'entu(+. Thi& i& a &t(uggle o5e( li-e an, ,eath) *ut the *oun,a(+ *et3een
&'ien'e -i'tion an, &o'ial (ealit+ i& an o1ti'al illu&ion. (Ea(a3a+) 1##1) 1. 1$#).
It i& a 1(ett+ -e(tile e2e('i&e t(+ing to 0a7e a ,ialogi'al (ea,ing o- i0age& in the ,i&'ou(&e) loo7ing -o( the
&'he0e& 3ith 3hi'h (ealit+ i& a11(ehen,e, an, o(,e(e,. Su'h an a'ti5it+ i& 0a,e on ho11ing to 0a7e
thi& &'he0e& *e'o0e &o0eho3 5i&i*le. The 0eta1ho( a& a 0ain 3o(7ing tool *e'o0e& the gui,eline o- a
'on'e1tual &+&te0 3hi'h 0ight not *e o*5iou& (cf. La7o-- an, Hohn&on) 1#"0C1##). 8eta1ho( i& thought
to *e a 1oeti' o( (heto(i'al 0atte() *ut it i& 1e(5a&i5e in e5e(+,a+;& li-e. It& ,o0ain i& 0u'h *e+on,
languageA 0eta1ho(& a(e *lue1(int& o- thought an, a'tion:
The 'on'e1t& that go5e(n ou( thought a(e not ju&t 0atte(& o- the intelle't. The+ al&o
go5e(n ou( e5e(+,a+ -un'tioning) ,o3n to the 0o&t 0un,ane ,etail&. Ou( 'on'e1t&
&t(u'tu(e 3hat 3e 1e('ei5e) ho3 3e get a(oun, in the 3o(l,) an, ho3 3e (elate to othe(
1eo1le. Ou( 'on'e1tual &+&te0 thu& 1la+& a 'ent(al (ole in ,e-ining ou( e5e(+,a+
(ealitie&. I- 3e a(e (ight in &ugge&ting that ou( 'on'e1tual &+&te0 i& la(gel+ 0eta1ho(i'al)
then the 3a+ 3e thin7& 3hat 3e e21e(ien'e) an, 3hat 3e ,o e5e(+ ,a+ i& 5e(+ 0u'h a
0atte( o- 0eta1ho(. (La7o-- K Hohn&on) 1#"0C1##) 1. 2).
A&&o'iating an, 'o01a(ing) the 0eta1ho( &ho3& not onl+ the analog+ *et3een t3o o*je't& o( i,ea&A it
&1ea7& o- ,i--e(en'e and also o- (e&e0*lan'e. Thi& unlo'7& the 1o&&i*ilit+ to 1e('ei5e a*&t(a't (ealitie& in
10$
/(an'e&'a Ran,a66oA Huan R. Co'aA He&I& A. Jale(o 8ata&
a 0o(e 'on'(ete 3a+A then) *uil,& a (elation *et3een ,i&&i0ila( (ealitie&A an, -inall+) 0a7e& an o1ene,
en'ounte( o- othe(3i&e un(ea'ha*le 0eaning& an, 1(o&1e'ti5e.
0he po,er o( creation
Ne3 &7in) ne3 a(0) ne3 *o(n. I& thi& ju&t anothe( e21(e&&ion o- 0o,e(nit+B A(e 3e ju&t ha5ing 0o(e o-
the &a0eB I& the '+*o(g ju&t a 3a+ to 1(o-ane the t(a,itional o(,e(B @ell) :hu0anit+; an, :te'hnolog+;
3e(e ne5e( a& &i01le an, 0onolithi' a& the la(ge( 'o00e('ial an, 0e,ia 1o3e(&) a& 3ell a& othe(
theo(ie&) ha5e u& *elie5e,. In thi& &en&e) /u'h& (1##) &ugge&t& that the '+*o(g i& ,e-ine, *+ it& o3n
Pin,ete(0inate &el--i,entit+P. In,ee,) the '+*o(g -u(the( 'hallenge& the hete(o&e2ual (e1(o,u'ti5e
na((ati5e& o- hu0ani&0 *+ 1(e&enting a *o,+ that i& P&el--(e1(o,u'ingP *ut not (e1(o,u'ti5e) an,
th(eatening *iologi'al (e1(o,u'tion 3ith 0e'hani'al (e1(o,u'tion (/u'h&) 1##). The -a't that hu0an7in,
ha& al3a+& li5e, in (e'i1(o'it+ 3ith te'hnologie& an, 0a'hine& i& Coo7e;& (200%) *a&i' -oun,0ent -o( hi&
='+*o(g theo(+>.
Q5en i- 'hange i& al3a+& 1(e&ent in e5e(+,a+;& li-e Fit i& not e5en ,i--i'ult to *e 1e('ei5e,RF) 3e ha5e got
the -eeling that 3e li5e into a (ealit+ that i& al3a+& the &a0e) 3he(e &o'ial (elation& an, 1o3e( (e0ain in
the han, o- the &a0e g(ou1&. @e thin7 3e li5e in a &o(t o- &+&te0 e2te(io( to u& an, that it i& ju&t the 3a+
thing& a(e. At the othe( &i,e) the =3e> (e-e((e, a(e 1eo1le 3ith &ili'one in thei( *(ea&t&) hai( e2ten&ion&)
hea(ing ai,&) IUD&) a(ti-i'ial nail&) a(te(ial i01lant&) et'. 4e'o0ing 3hat 3e a(e not Fal(ea,+F) i&
&o0eho3 1o&&i*le.
Thi& an, othe( a'hie5e0ent& in the (*io)te'hni'al -iel, 0ight *e &1ea7ing o- an an'ient Fal0o&t
a('het+1i'alF 3i&h o- *e'o0ing Do,&) o( at lea&t ou( o3n '(eato(&. It 0ight (e-e( to the i,ea o- ou(
e1he0e(al 'i5ili6ation a,o(ne, 3ith an e'ho o- ete(nit+. Thi& ne3 /au&ti' o(,e( i& &ettle, on the
antagoni&0 o- 5alue&) 3he(e &'ien'e 'o0e& to (e&'ue a 0an that thin7& to get (i, o- te((o( 3hen the(e i&
nothing le-t un7no3n (4e(iaOn)1##%) 1. 1). The 'o01le2it+ that a11ea(e, to enla(ge ou( 'hoi'e& an,
&ettle a ne3 &'ale o- 1o&&i*ilitie& 0ight i01(i&on& the hu0an *eing in&i,e hi& o3n '(eation.
The e0e(ging :'+*o(g theo(+;) allo3& to 3o(7 a(oun, the ,o0inant i,eolog+ o- the :hu0an;) an, the(e
3hat t(ul+ 0atte(& i& to a'7no3le,ge the 1la'e -(o0 3hi'h &tu,ie& a(e 1e(-o(0e,. La3 (200<)
,i&tingui&he& the ,uali&0 in the a'to( net3o(7 theo(+ a11(oa'h an,) 3e &houl, a,,) Luh0ann;& &+&te0i'
theo(+. Stu,ie& ten, to (e1(o,u'e an, hel1 to 1e(-o(0 a -un'tional un,e(&tan,ing o- the (elation& *et3een
entitie&. Net3o(7& Fan, &+&te0i' theo(+ F a(e hege0oni' an, hel1 to 1e(-o(0 it into *eing) a,,ing
&t(ength to a -un'tional 5e(&ion o- (elationalit+) a& 1a(t o- a 'ohe(ent) o(,e(ing) logi' o- 'ont(ol (cf. La3)
200<).
An a'to(-net3o(7 a11(oa'h ,e&'(i*e& &o0ething a& it i& i0agine, *+ 1a(ti'i1ant& in te(0& o- &+&te0& an,
(elation&) a& it i& 1(ett+ the 3a+ o- thin7ing in 5ogue. 4ut) it ,oe& not ha5e to *e that 3a+. It i& 1o&&i*le to
i0agine othe( logi'& 3hi'h 1(o,u'e ,i--e(ent 7in,& o- 1oliti'&) an, ,i--e(ent 7in,& o- 1e(&on& that a(e not
&u*jugate, to tho&e logi'& o- 0ean& an, en,&) 1(oje't& an, goal&.
La3 (200<) in&i&t& that 3e li5e in a 1o&t-,i&'i1lina(+ e(a an,) that &o'ial &'ien'e en,ea5ou(& to loo7
*e+on, ,i&'i1lina(+ *oun,a(ie&) 3he(e the &o'ial anal+&i& o- te'hnolog+ i& no e2'e1tion. Al&o Da5i&-/lo+,
an, Du0it (1##") &a+ that 3e a(e i00e(&e, in '+*o(g&A the &atu(ate ou( language) ou( 0e,ia) ou(
te'hnolog+) an, ou( 3a+ o- *eing. To ,o &o) an inte(,i&'i1lina(+ attitu,e 3oul, *e nee,e, an,) in &1ite o-
10
A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an *eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h
thi& (elati5el+ ne3 ,ete(0ination) it i& not ea&+ to -in, the 3a+ to 0a7e it 3o(7 in &o'ial &'ien'e&. It &ho3&
to *e) i- not a (eal -ailu(e) a (ea&on to (e,e-ine li0it&) *uil, (e&i&tan'e&) '(eate ne3 h+*(i,&) o( ju&t 1oint to
the ina*ilit+ an, ina11(o1(iatene&& o- t(+ing to 1ut 7no3le,ge o( ,i--e(ent 0etho,& togethe(. In a 'e(tain
3a+) uni5e(&itie&) 1u*li&he(&) an, othe(&) (e-u&e to ha5e &o'ial &'ien'e& '+*o(g&.
A ne, metaphor (or an old ,orld
The 1o&&i*ilit+ o- 'hange i& not onl+ e2te(io() *ut it &ee0& &o0eti0e& ha(, to 5i&uali6e 'hange in 0o(e
&u*tle 3a+&. Eu0an *eing& Fan, &o'ial (elation&F a(e in 'on&tant 'hange too. Tal7ing a*out an, ,ealing
3ith -e0ini&0) (a'i&0) &o'ial e2'lu&ion 3a& o- the o(,e( o- uto1ia) not &o -a( a go in &1a'e& 3he(e it
&ee0& to *e -o(gotten) e&1e'iall+ 3hen lo'7ing at othe( 1la'e&. A& 1(o*le0ati' eugeni' an, *ioethi'al
i&&ue&) the(e a(e &o0e 1a(t& o- thi& 'hange that 'an *e &een) an, othe( that not) a& a (ele5an'e-o1a'it+
'o,e (cf. Sinto&) 2001 a).
/(o0 the 'u((ent &o'ial 'on&t(u'tion o- te'hnolog+) the(e 'an *e &een a ,i&tin'tion *et3een 1eo1le an,
&o'ietie& on the one han,) an, the 3o(l, o- a(te-a't& an, the natu(al 3o(l,) on the othe( han,. In thi& 3a+
o- thought) the &o'ial an, the te'hni'al a(e ,i5i,e,. 4ut) i- 0a7ing a ,i--e(en'e i& a -un,a0ental &te1 to
un,e(&tan, an, a11(ehen, ou( 3o(l,) li5ing into an e(a 3he(e =no(0al> ,i&tin'tion& a(e on '(i&i& i& al&o a
,ete(0inant 0o0ent -o( ne3 3a+& o- a11(oa'hing 7no3le,ge. It i& the 'a&e o- the cyborg) although the(e
a(e 0an+ othe( 1o3e(-ul i,ea& -li7e the 0an o- Tu(ing) the net3o(7 1a(a,ig0 an, the De,alu& 1a(a,ig0

.
The 3a+ in 3hi'h ,i--e(en'e& a(e ,(o3n i& 3hat the theo(+ o- So'ial I0agina(ie& 'all& =(ele5an'ie&> an,
=o1a'itie&> (cf. Sinto&) 2001a)) not onl+ a& a 1(o'e,u(e to ,ete(0ine an, a'7no3le,ge 3he(e light& an,
&ha,o3& a(e 1la'e, -a& i- the(e 3a& a hi,,en 'on&'iou& *eneath thi& 1(o'e&&- *ut an inne( not e21li'it
=i0agina(+>) (e&1on&i*le o- 0a7ing thi& ,i--e(en'e &o0ething =no(0al>. A *ina(+ 3a+ o- thin7ing i& a totall+
un'(iti'al tool) i- it ,oe& not ta7e into a''ount that ,i--e(en'e& a(e gene(ate, in the (elation& that 1(o,u'e
the0A the+ ,o not ju&t e2i&t in the o(,e( o- thing&. The anal+&t;& jo* i& to e21lo(e tho&e (elation&) an, the
9ue&tion i& ho3 *e&t 3e 0ight e(o,e tho&e e&&ential ,i&tin'tion& (La3) 200<).
The &i0ultaneit+ inte(a'tion o- 0ate(ial an, i0agina(+ 1e('e1tion& i& at the *a&i& o- the So'ial I0agina(ie&
Theo(ie&
1
) an, 3hen tal7ing a*out the '+*o(g) it i& ha(, not to 0a7e a 1a(allel: *lu((ing o- *oun,a(ie&
*et3een the 'on'(ete an, the &o'ial 'o01le2itie&A ,i&tin'tion *et3een 0in, an, *o,+ an, *et3een the
0ate(ial an, the 5i(tual. So'ial (ealit+ i& &o0eho3 a tangi*le entit+ *ut al&o a (elational 'on&t(u't) an, 3e
'annot ,i&entangle the one -(o0 the othe(.
/o( Huan Lui& Sinto& So'ial I0agina(ie& =are being% sc$emes socially built, &$ic$ allo& us to perceive,
explain and intervene in &$at every differentiated system considers as real . The&e i0agina(ie& operate

8anuel Da((i,o) tal7& a*out the 0an o- Tu(ing) the net3o(7 1a(a,ig0 an, De,alu& 1a(a,ig0. The -i(&t one (e-e(& to
the 'o01uting an, 'o00uni'ation 3o(l,) 1ointing to the *eginning o- 3hat it 3oul, *e late( 7no3n a& A(ti-i'ial
Intelligen'e. Alan Tu(ing (1#12-1#$)) 1u*li&he, in 1#<% =On 'al'ula*le nu0*e(&>) a 1a1e( that theo(i6e& a*out an
e5entual 'al'ulating 0a'hine. The &e'on, one) the net3o(7 1a(a,ig0) &ignal& 0a'hine& 3hi'h &i0ulate, =the
*eha5iou( o- the int(o5e(t &oli1&i&t &u*je't -(o0 the Ca(te&ian 1hilo&o1h+> (Tu(ing) 1#<%) 'ite,
*+ Da((i,o) 200!). 8a'hine& that 'oul, 0a7e 0a(5ellou& 'al'ulation&) *ut 3e(e una*le to 'o00uni'ate a0ong the0)
*e'a0e a*le to 0aintain a -lo3 o- 0utual in-o(0ation (Da((i,o) 200!: 1. "!$). The thi(, one) the De,alu& 1a(a,ig0)
'on'e(n& the *iologi'al &'ien'e& an, the i01li'it i01(o5e0ent an, 0o,i-i'ation o- the hu0an *eing.
%
The theo(+ o- &o'ial i0agina(ie& ha& *een ,e5elo1e, ,u(ing the la&t ,e'a,e& *+ thin7e(& o- the &tatu(e o- Co(neliu&
Ca&to(ia,i&) 8i'hel 8a--e&oli) Ho&et2o 4e(iaOn) Tngel Q. Ca((ete(o) Huan LuO& Sinto&) Q00anuel Li6'ano) Q&the(
DOa6) Cel&o SUn'he6 Ca1,e9uO) 8anuel 4ae6a) et'. (cf. Co'a) 200")
10%
/(an'e&'a Ran,a66oA Huan R. Co'aA He&I& A. Jale(o 8ata&
as a metacode in t$e socially differentiated systems, inside a specific 'mean% (money, belief, po&er, etc.)
belonging to eac$ system, t$roug$ t$e relevance(opacity code and t$ey generate forms and &ays t$at act
as realities. /u(the(0o(e) the+ ha5e &e5e(al -un'tion&) i.e.) producing an image of stability in c$anging
social relations$ips, generating perceptions of continuity in discontinuous experiences, providing global
explanations of fragmentary p$enomena and allo&ing intervention in processes built under t$e
differentiated perspectives. 8o(eo5e() it 'an *e &ai, that the+ a(e *uilt an, (e*uilt in th(ee ,i--e(entiate,
-iel,&: in t$e differentiated specific system (politics, la&, religion, science, etc.), in t$at of t$e organi)ations
&$ic$ ma*e real t$e institutionali)ation of t$e system (governments, ban*s, c$urc$es, academies, etc)
and in t$at of t$e interactions produced among individuals in t$e environment of t$e system. (cf. Sinto&)
1##aA 1##*A 2001aA 2001*A 200<A 200$A 200A 200%aA 200%*). Sinto& &ugge&t& a li&t o- 1(o'e,u(e&:
criticism of t$e 'facts%, construction of 'observables%, establis$ first and second order observations, and
t$e use of a relevance(opacity code based on semantic references.
In &1ite o- the a--e'tation o- the ,e-inition) thi& i& -a( -(o0 *eing a (e'i1e to *e -ollo3e, an, 0etho,& a(e
not al3a+& e21li'it. In the *e&t o- the 'a&e&) anal+ti'al ,i&'ou(&e te'hni9ue& a(e lent -(o0 othe( -iel,& an,
0a+*e not al3a+& a'7no3le,ge, o( t(eate, a& a''u(atel+ a& the+ &houl,) len,ing 'on'lu&ion& to *e 5e(+
'lo&el+ li7e 0e(e o1inion& (cf. Ran,a66o) 2010).
@i,e( &tu,ie& o- *iote'hnologi'al &o'ial i0agina(ie& a(e ne'e&&a(+. /o( the 0o0ent) 3e 'an onl+ &t(e&&
that &o'ial &'ien'e& a(e ,e1i'ting a &'ene 3he(e hu0anit+ i& (e-le'te, in a 1e'ulia( 3a+. That i0age
'on-igu(e& ou( &o'ial (ealit+ too. So0eti0e& it i& li7e the ,e-o(0ing 0i((o(& at the 'i('u&) 3he(e &o0e o-
u& 0ight get lo&t) t(+ing to (e0e0*e( ho3 3e u&e, to loo7 li7e *e-o(e getting in. The =t(a,itional> hu0an
*io-1&+'ho-&o'io-a2iologi'al 1ol+'onte2tu(e 0ight *e in a 1(o'e&& o- 'hange to3a(,& a *io-te'hno-
1&+'ho-&o'io-a2iologi'al 1ol+'onte2tu(e.
.i((erent &ersions intert,ined
It i& o- no u&e to a&7 ou(&el5e& a*out the SI o- *iote'hnolog+) the 0o&t 1u*li' -a'e o- the *e'o0ing&-
'+*o(g a(oun, u&) i- 3e a(e not (i&ing an+ &e(iou& 9ue&tioning o- the *ioCte'hno (elation an, the
o5e(la11ing 3ith ,i&tin't -iel,&:
No -iel, 3ithin *iolog+) 3hen 3e thin7 in the 1o&iti5e le5el (the le5el -o'u&e, on the
a'hie5e0ent o- a &ingula( 1(o,u't) i01lie& a 'e(tain 'a1a'it+ o- inte(5ention. @e
0ani1ulate gene& no3) *ut 3e 3ill 0ani1ulate geno0e&) 'ell&) e0*(+o&) o(gan&. @e
a(e gaining a''e&& to the un,e(&tan,ing o- the *a&i& o- the hu0an *eha5iou() *ut 3e
3ill en, u1 ha5ing a ,etaile, 0a1 o- the 1(o'e&& o- ho3 the *(ain 3o(7& 3hen 3e
gene(ate -eeling& an, o- the highe( 'atego(ie& o- thought) in'lu,ing the 1(o'e&& o-
ta7ing ,e'i&ion&. @e ,e5elo1 ,(ug&) &till (athe( gene(i'A ho3e5e() 3e 3ill ,e5elo1
nano0a'hine& o( 0ini0al 'ell& a*le to hea, -o( =the 1(o*le0 in o(,e( to a'hie5e a
1o&&i*le 0ole'ula( &olution> (8o+a) 200!) 1. 22").
Coo7e (200%) 3on,e(& ho3 'an 3e &1ea7 o- 3hat i& *iologi'al 3hen 1atenting li5ing entitie& o( ele0ent&
a& :in5ention&;) an, thu& te'hnologie&. @e 0ight *e -o(gotten that the te'hnologi'al i& a hu0an 'on&t(u't)
*ut 'an al&o *e 'on&i,e(e, non-hu0an) a& hu0an i& &t(i'tl+ *iologi'al an, 0u'h 0o(e than it. S(a'ti'e&
an, 1(o'e&&e& o- te'hno&'ien'e a(e not &i01l+ a *iologi'al matterA it i& a 9ue&tion o- 1oliti'al o( e'ono0i'
10!
A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an *eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h
use, eli&ion& an, *oun,a(ie&) legal a11a(atu& a(oun, hu0an) 0a'hine) *iolog+ an, te'hnolog+ (cf.
Coo7e) 200%).
The '+*o(g 0eta1ho() a& 3ell a& -o( SI) it i& at (oot *oth a 0ate(iali&t 'on'e1t an, an i,eali&t 'on&t(u't)
3hi'h i& not in'on&i&tent 3ith neo-8a(2ian 'on'e1tion& o- (elation& *et3een 0ate(ial an, a*&t(a't)
o--e(ing a &en&e o- 'ontinuit+ in ou( '(iti'al a11(e'iation o- the inte(&e'tion *et3een ,i--e(ent an, o-ten
'ont(a,i'to(+ 0o,e(nitie& (-o( '+*o(g cf. Dan,+) 200). The ai0 -o( u&ing the '+*o(g 0eta1ho( i& to get to
&o0ething 9uite othe( to -un'tionali&0. @e a(e t(+ing to a5oi, ,(a3ing thing& togethe( an, o(,e( the0 into
a &ingle 5i&ion) goal-(elate, net3o(7. The '+*o(g) i& 0o(e than one *ut le&& than 0an+) ele0ent& a(e
joine, an, &e1a(ate,) the(e i& unit+ an, 0ulti1li'it+) -(a'tional an, &hi-ting 'ohe(en'e&.
A& La3 (200<) 9ue&tion&) i& ou( jo* a& (e&ea('he(& to (e1(e&ent the 3o(l, a& it i&B A(e 3e (eall+ t(+ing to
,i&'o5e( &o0ething i01o(tant a*out the &t(u'tu(e& o- the &o'iote'hni'al (the t(uth)B O( le&& 'o0-o(ting)
a(e 3e in the 1(o'e&& o- un'(iti'all+ (e1(o,u'ing a ,o0inant i,eolog+ in 3hi'h the 'u((ent o(,e(ing& o- the
3o(l, (e1(e&ent the0&el5e&B A& the 'hil, that nee,& to ,e&t(o+ the to+ to un,e(&tan, it) 3e &ee0 to *e
t(+ing to -in, ea'h o- ou( ,i5ine &e'(et&) an, a& &oon 3e ,o &o) the 0+&te(+ &u,,enl+ *e'o0e hu0an)
that i& to &a+) ou( o3n '(eation.
On the one han,) 3e &ee0 to li5e in a ne3 e(a (ule, *+ the 1o&&i*ilitie& o- hu0an 'hange) at lea&t
1h+&i'all+. On the othe( han,) &+&te0i' theo(ie& o- &o'iet+ F&1e'iall+ Luh0ann;& F a(e hi,ing the 1o3e(
o- in,i5i,ual& an, thei( 1o&&i*ilitie& o- a'tion an, &o'ial 'hange. The(e i& a nee, o- ne3 &e0ioti'&)
0etho,&) an, &en&i*ilitie& to e21lo(e the hu0an 'on&t(u'tion o- (ealit+ an, &o'ial (elation&. In -a't) the
3o0en;& *o,+ ha& *e'o0e 1(o*le0ati' -o( he( &ee0e, ea&ie( to &h(ug it o-- (Ea(a3a+) 1##1). The
'+*o(g i& an in5itation to (e-3(ite ou( &o'ial &to(ie&. 4ut thi& 1e(&1e'ti5e i& al&o (ega(,e, a& a ,+&to1ia
an, an agg(e&&i5e neoli*e(al -o(0 (Salleh) 200#). Thi& 3ill not *e ou( 'a&e. Re-&ha1ing ou( *o,ie& 0ight
*e a 3a+ to 0a7e 5i&i*le a 1a(t o- 3hat i& 'hanging in ou( 0in,&.
@e nee, to -a'e a 5ital 'hallenge to i0agine 1(og(e&&i5e an, '(eati5e -o(0& o- 1oliti'&) ethi'&) ae&theti'&
an, en'hant0ent& that ,o not (e&t on e&&ential ,i&tin'tion& *et3een the hu0an an, the non hu0an *ut
a(e in&tea, (elational. A& &o'ial (e&ea('he(&) La3 (200<) &tan,& that 3e 'an 0a7e a ,e&'(i1tion o- the
3a+ thing& a(e) o( 1(e&u11o&e a &et o- a&&u01tion& a*out ho3 (elation& a(e o(gani6e, in te(0& o- 1o3e()
&t(ength) 1lau&i*ilit+... Inno'entl+ enough 3e;(e ,e&'(i*ing ((ight o( 3(ong) the 3o(l, an, it& (elation& o(
3e a(e ju&t telling &to(ie& a*out the 3o(l,) *(inging into *eing 3hat 3e ,e&'(i*e) 3hile 1u&hing othe(&
thing& out o- *eing. @e a(e 0a7ing a ,i--e(en'e.
The 9ue&tion i& ho3 to a(ti'ulate the (elation& *et3een ,i--e(ent (ealitie& an, ,i--e(ent 5e(&ion&) an, he(e
the '+*o(g 0eta1ho( i& o- hel1. /i(&t it i& a -le&h+-0a'hini' h+*(i,. Se'on,) it i& al&o a h+*(i,) a &et o-
1a(tial 'onne'tion&) *et3een 3hat i& (eal an, 3hat 0ight 1e(ha1& *e 1e(-o(0e, into *eing F a -e0ini&t)
non-(a'i&t) an, non-5iolent) thin7ing an, 1e(-o(0ing alte(nati5e) &en&iti5e (ealitie& an, Othe(ne&&)
,i--e(ent 5i&ion&) ,i--e(ent (ealitie&) ,i--e(ent t(uth&) ,i--e(ent &u*je'ti5itie& an, ,i--e(ent 5e(&ion& o- the
goo, F an, 'on&tant ,i&1la'e0ent& *et3een the&e. Thi& h+*(i, *et3een &'ien'e -a't an, &'ien'e -i'tion)
'oul, *e 'o01a(e, 3ith the ,iale'ti'& o- So'ial I0agina(ie& an, So'ial Realit+.
Vet the So'ial I0agina(ie& Theo(ie& ,o not F-o( the 0o0entF &ho3 ho3 inte(,e1en,en'ie& o- e5ol5ing
&t(u'tu(e& a(e engen,e(e, an, ,o not &t(e&& on (elation&hi1& -0a+*e the 1(e,o0inant &+&te0i' a11(oa'h
ha& &o0ething to ,o 3ith it. Re&ea('he& a*le to integ(ate othe( a11(oa'he& 0ight *e ne'e&&a(+.
Ra+0on, @illia0& (1#!!C1#"0)) -o( e2a01le) ,e5elo1& the g(a0&'ian 'on'e1t o- hege0on+ an, hi&
10"
/(an'e&'a Ran,a66oA Huan R. Co'aA He&I& A. Jale(o 8ata&
&t(u'tu(e& o- -eeling a& a 'atego(+ to &tu,+ 1(e-&t(u'tu(al 'hange& into &o'iet+ a(e an inte(e&ting tool -o(
&o'ial &'ien'e& that ha& not *een u&e, enough (cf. Ran,a66o) 200%). In the -(a0e o- thought that 3e a(e
at thi& ti0e 'on'e(ne,) analogi'al he(0eneuti'& a11lie, to te'hno-&'ien'e& i& anothe( o1tion that ha&
latel+ *een e21lo(e, (Co'a) 2010).
"onclusion
The '+*o(g) in 1o1ula( 'ultu(e) it -(e9uentl+ a11ea(& a& the 0u'h-0aligne, -igu(e o- :te'hnolog+ out o-
'ont(ol;) 3hile a0ong a'a,e0i' theo(i&t& it he(al,& an e(a o- e0an'i1ato(+ an, t(an&g(e&&i5e 1o&thu0an
&u*je'ti5it+. @hat ha11en& 3ith SI i& a *it &i0ila() a& the+ a(e &o0eti0e& -o'u&e, a& a ,ange(ou& tool to
*e theo(i6e, *e'au&e it 0a+ -all into the han,& o- the =*a, -ello3&>) o( a& 1a(t o- that in,i&1en&a*le 0o5e
nee,e, in &o'ial &tu,ie&) 3hi'h 3ill *(ing& *a'7 the o1tion o- ho1e an, 'hange. So0e &'hola(& ( cf.
Coo7e) 200%A La3) 200<) &ee0 to ale(t a*out the 'on'e1t o- the =hu0an> a& a &e0ioti' 'atego(+ that
&e(5e& a no(0ati5e ,e5i'e) ,e&igne, to 3ee, out ,i--e(en'e) &1e'iall+ *e'au&e o- it& a*ilit+ to in'o(1o(ate
ne3 -o(0& o- *eing into it& 0at(i2A 3hen to *e :hu0an; i& to un,e(&tan, an, a11(e'iate the 0o*ilitie& o-
&1lit 5i&ion) that i& to (e'ogni6e the 1(i5ilege o- 1a(tial 1e(&1e'ti5e&) o- *alan'ing an, (elating ,i--e(ent
(ealitie& an, 5e(&ion& inte(t3ine,. The+ 0a+ inte(&e't *ut 'annot *e (e,u'e, to one anothe(. So'ial
I0agina(ie& 0ight *e un,e( thi& &a0e (i&7 o- *eing 'o-o1te, an, loo&ing it& 1otential an, &t(ength.
4ut a& (enega,e& in the hall& o- &u*je'ti5e 1o3e() the '+*o(g an, the SI a(e al&o the un*u(ie,
e21e'tation& in the 4e'7;& &o'iet+ o- (i&7. /lui,) 'hanging) 0allea*le) the+ (e0e0*e( that the =(ealit+> 3e
li5e in i& ju&t one 1o&&i*ilit+ a0ong othe(&.
Re(erencias
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democracia. 8a,(i,: 8onte&ino&.
Ca*(e(a) Daniel E. (200%). +o tecnolgico y lo imaginario. +as nuevas tecnologas como creencias y
esperan)as colectivas. 4ueno& Ai(e&: 4i*lo&.
Co'a) Huan R. (2010). +a compresin de la tecnociencia. Euel5a: Q,ito(ial Ee(guW.
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Eu0an-8a'hine Relation. .ebula, /(1)) 1#-<0.
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2istoria editorial
Recibido: 1C11C200#
3rimera re&isin: 0<C0%C2010
Aceptado: 0C01C2011
Formato de citacin
Ran,a66o) /(an'e&'aA Co'a) Huan R. + Jale(o 8ata&) He&I& A. (2011). A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an
*eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h. Ct$enea Digital) @@(2)) 101-112. Di&1oni*le en
htt1:CC1&i'ologia&o'ial.ua*.e&CatheneaCin,e2.1h1CatheneaDigitalCa(ti'leC5ie3C%"#
111
A &o'ial 'on&t(u'te, hu0an *eeing: a (*io)te'hnologi'al a11(oa'h
112
Q&te te2to e&tU 1(otegi,o 1o( una li'en'ia Creative Commons.
U&te, e& li*(e ,e 'o1ia() ,i&t(i*ui( + 'o0uni'a( 1I*li'a0ente la o*(a *ajo la& &iguiente& 'on,i'ione&:
Reconocimiento: De*e (e'ono'e( + 'ita( al auto( o(iginal.
4o comercial. No 1ue,e utili6a( e&ta o*(a 1a(a -ine& 'o0e('iale&.
'in obras deri&adas. No &e 1ue,e alte(a() t(an&-o(0a() o gene(a( una o*(a ,e(i5a,a a 1a(ti( ,e e&ta o*(a.
7esumen de licencia - Te2to 'o01leto ,e la li'en'ia