Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Robert A. Hefner III, The Grand Energy Transition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2009, p. 28.
El gas natural no tiene color, olor, sabor, ni forma y es ms liviano que el aire.
No es corrosivo ni txico.
Energticos No energticos
Comercio y Servicios
Industria
Residencial
Transporte
Gas-To-Liquids Plant
Pearl GTL Plant
Location: Qatar, Ras Laffan Industrial City
http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/major-projects-2/pearl/overview.html
http://www.gascities.com/images/product-image-new.jpg
2000 - 2011
Bunker
de
2012,
20,000
15,000
OTROS G.L.P BUNKER JET FUEL GASOLINA SUPER GASOLINA REGULAR DIESEL
10,000
5,000
2007
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
Ao
Fuente: DSE, con informacin de los balances nacionales de energa y Prospectiva del VI Plan Nacional de Energa
2021
Sector Transporte
Servicios 15.0%
ICE 100%
Otros 21.8%
Industria, 8.4%
Transporte, 89.2%
Equipo especial 11.6% Martimo 0.3% Ferrocarril 0.2% Privado 7.0%
Qumicos 8.0% Papel 0.8% Madera 2.3% Textiles y cuero 10.7% Alimentos y tabaco 56.4%
Carga 63.7%
Pblico 17.4%
Gasolina
Servicios, 24, 0% Otros, 251, 1%
Otros, 666, 2%
Automviles de GNC: ms de 28 modelos (Audi, Fiat, Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Lincoln, Mercedez-Benz, Opel, Peugeot, Renault, Toyota, Volkswagen, etc.). Camiones con motores de gas natural (Freightliner, Cummins, International, Kenworth, Peterbilt, Volvo, Ford, GMC, etc. ).
17
NATURAL GAS AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL, LNG is the best solution for long-distance transport, Reunin annual, SEDIGAS, Madrid, 9 de mayo 2012http://www.sedigas.es/reunionanual2012/pdf/ponencias/ManuelLage.pdf
CNG
Honda Civic
2012
Honda, (VIDEO) A natural gas vehicle named Green Car of the Year in the United States (Civic CNG), 18 November 2011, TechVehi, http://www.technologicvehicles.com/en/green-transportation-news/1370/video-a-natural-gas-vehicle-named-green-car-o
El Honda Civic Natural Gas del 2012 fue nombrado Vehculo Verde del Ao en el Saln del Automvil de Los ngeles, donde les gan a coches ecolgicos de Europa, Estados Unidos y Asia.
La Nacin, 21 Noviembre 2011, 28 A
CNG
CNG
http://www.caranddriver.com/photos-08q4/242458/toyota-camry-cng-hybrid-concept-photo-242468
LNG - Volvo
http://www.roadtransport.com/blogs/big-lorry-blog/2010/08/volvos-methane-fuelled-fm-arti.html
Los buses de gas natural aumentan a 376 unidades, el 35% de la flota de TMB, 13 Dic. 2011, http://www.tmb.cat/es/sala-de-premsa//seccio/noticies/entorn/noticies-busos-gas-natural-35-flota-20111213-entorn
Canberra, Australia
Sydney, Australia
Compressed natural gas, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas
Singapore.
Compressed natural gas, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas
USA
GNC - Bomberos
Estaciones de Servicio
Fight brews over natural gas fuel stations, AJC, Atlanta Business News 7:30 a.m. Thursday, November 25, 2010, http://www.ajc.com/business/fight-brews-over-natural753925.html?bigName=Bob+Andres&bigPhotog=Bob+Andres&bigCap=Kimbry+Peek+fills+up+his+College+Park+city+vehicle+at+the+natural+gas+filling+station+in+College +Park.&bigDeclCap=&bigCred=bandres%40ajc.com&bigUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.ajc.com%2fmultimedia%2fdynamic%2f00761%2fEVfuelstation_1125__761406c.jpg&super SizeImage=y
Estacin de Se Servicio ervicio tpica tp p de Brasil para la venta de e cuatro combustibles s alternos:
Biodiesel (B3), Gasohol (E25), Etanol (E100) y Gas Natural Comprimido (CNG).
Rosario, Argentina
Natural gas pumps at a multifuel service station in the state of Parana, Brazil.
Natural Gas Flex Cars in Brazil, April 12, 2011 , http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/natural-gas-flex-cars-in-brazil/#
CNG pumps at a Brazilian gasoline fueling station, Compressed natural gas, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas
http://strumors.automobilemag.com/files/2013/01/2012-Honda-Civic-NaturalGas-sedan-Clean-Energy-pump-station-rear-1024x640.jpg
S Sistemas de acopl acople opl ple a l los tanques de los vehculos de e CNG
The Contribution of Natural Gas Vehicles to Sustainable Transport, International Energy Agency (IEA), Michiel Nijboer, 2010, http://www.iea.org/publications/free_new_Desc.asp?PUBS_ID=2304
CNG - Automviles
Honda Civic Natural Gas is 2012 Green Car of the Year, Green Car Journal, November 17, 2011, http://www.greencar.com/articles/honda-civicnatural-gas-2012-green-car-year.php
LNG
LNG
http://www.lngworldnews.com/china-natural-gas-announces-completion-of-first-lng-fueling-station-in-shaanxi-province/
LNG Truck
LNG as Fuehttp://lngglobal.com/lng-for-fuel/l,
LNG Truck
LNG Truck
LNG as Fuehttp://lngglobal.com/lng-for-fuel/l,
LNG Truck
LNG as Fuehttp://lngglobal.com/lng-for-fuel/l,
Estaciones taciones de serv servicio ervicio privadas operadas p por operadores s de flotas de vehculos
http://connect.in.com/cng-filling-station/images-cng-natural-gas-filling--1-257808870502.html
City of Commerce Opens Natural Gas Fueling Station, Government Fleet, August 09, 2010, http://www.governmentfleet.com/News/Story/2010/08/City-of-Commerce-Opens-Natural-Gas-Fueling-Station.aspx
Natural Gas Vehicles; The Decision Starts Here: Natural Gas Vehicle Institute, 2009
Recommended Practices for CNG Fueling Station Design, Construction and Operation, GRI/NGV NGV-IWG RFP, Project No. 0000000908 Presented at: NGV TECHNOLOGY FORUM TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEETING, January 28, 2003, Dallas, Texas
Natural Gas Vehicles; The Decision Starts Here: Natural Gas Vehicle Institute, 2009
Natural Gas Vehicles Overview, Ann Arbor Clean Cities Coalition, DTE Energy, February 10, 2011, http://cec-mi.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/04/AACCMeetingPresentationDTE.pdf
Natural Gas Vehicles; The Decision Starts Here: Natural Gas Vehicle Institute, 2009
Natural Gas Vehicles; The Decision Starts Here: Natural Gas Vehicle Institute, 2009
NATURAL GAS AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL, LNG is the best solution for long-distance transport, Reunin annual, SEDIGAS, Madrid, 9 de mayo 2012http://www.sedigas.es/reunionanual2012/pdf/ponencias/ManuelLage.pdf
Per
Ferrocarril Andino S.A. realiz pruebas de funcionamiento de la locomotora N 1004 utilizando el sistema de combustible dual diesel gas natural con buenos resultados llegando hasta los 4300 msnm .
Barcos de LNG
NATURAL GAS AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL, LNG is the best solution for long-distance transport, Reunin annual, SEDIGAS, Madrid, 9 de mayo 2012http://www.sedigas.es/reunionanual2012/pdf/ponencias/ManuelLage.pdf
http://www.shortsea.nl/main/attachements/scriptie.pdf?language=1
Aviones de LNG
NATURAL GAS AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL, LNG is the best solution for long-distance transport, Reunin annual, SEDIGAS, Madrid, 9 de mayo 2012http://www.sedigas.es/reunionanual2012/pdf/ponencias/ManuelLage.pdf
Sector Industrial
qumicos (CIIU 35), 407, 8% papel (CIIU 34), 272, 6% madera (CIIU 33), 5, 0%
Otros, 27, 0%
ICE 100%
26.4%
15.97%
7.7%
Costo de la Electricidad
Elaborado por la CICR con base en datos de EIA, Cepal, ICE, INTERAME, Marzo 2013
LPG
Otras (CIIU 3639), 931, 38% alimento sy tabaco (CIIU 31), 1,297, textiles 53% y cuero (CIIU 32), 113, 5% %
Ind, 2,441, 43%
qumicos (CIIU 35), 30, 1% papel (CIIU madera (CIIU 34), 33), 66, 4, 0% 3%
Transp, 348, 6%
CEMEX ICE Planrta Trmica (Bnker) ALUNASA ArcelorMittal Otros VICESA Holcim
93
LNG VIRTUAL PIPELINE, Federico Martinez, General Manager, GasEner, SRL, 2011 LNG Symposium for Central America & the Caribbean, http://www.wartsila.com/lngs
N stands for Normal. It means it was measured at standard temperature and pressure.
LAND TRANSPORTATION OF LNG AND ITS APPLICATION IN COGENERATION, Juan Tarin, LNG Business Development, Ros Roca INDOX Cryo Energy, 2011 LNG Symposium for Central America & the Caribbean, http://www.wartsila.com/lngs
97
Repblica Dominicana
http://cimcenric.en.made-in-china.com/product/YevnqzauqTIP/China-Cryogenic-Liquid-Tank-Container.html
http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/370505613/LNG_Cryogenic_Liquid_Tank_Contianer_Truck/showimage.html
LAND TRANSPORTATION OF LNG AND ITS APPLICATION IN COGENERATION, Juan Tarin, LNG Business Development, Ros Roca INDOX Cryo Energy, 2011 LNG Symposium for Central America & the Caribbean, http://www.wartsila.com/lngs
Repblica Dominicana
108
2 2
5
Netback Pricing
Gas prices linked to other gas markets Limited number of suppliers Storage and transport controlled by few players No significant financial markets
Other Markets
20,36%
http://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/mkt-gas/overview/ngas-ovr-lng-wld-pr-est.pdf
$116/Bep
Japn
$87/Bep
Alemania
$58/Bep
Reino Unido
$29/Bep
USA
An unconventional bonanza, New sources of gas could transform the worlds energy markets, The Economist, Jul 14th 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21558432
$116/Bep
$87/Bep
Japn - Corea
$58/Bep
Reino Unido
$29/Bep
USA
LPG
Bunker 3% S Bunker 1,8% S Diesel 0,0015% Gasolina 95 Gasolina 91
65.5
97 101.5 129.5 128.5 121.5
3.848
5.867 5.867 5.469 4.919 4.919
17.02
16.53 17.30 23.68 26.12 24.70
115
Precio Henry Hub (25 Junio 2013 a las 11:00 am): $3.74/MMBtu
$33/MMBTu ($191.4/Bep)
Precios en EE.UU.
Petrleo WTI
Gas Natural
WTI: Brent: $102,33/Barril $108,37/Barril + 395% Diferencia $81,69/Barril + 425% Diferencia $87,73/Barril
http://www.oil-price.net/
Importacin
Produccin Nacional
120 120
Importacin de GNL
Importacin de GNL a Gran Escala (Large Scale LNG Distribution)
Repblica Dominicana
Desarrollo del Gas Natural en Repblica Dominicana, Septiembre 2010; ADIE, http://www.adie.org.do/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=zwl6qglXWhI%3D&tabid=133
Importacin de GNL
Large Scale
Small Scale
http://www.gasener.com/images/02_Galway_Group_-_Gauthier_van_Marcke.pdf
Dinmica del Mercado y Posibles Fuentes de GNL para la Regin PANORAMA PARA EL GNL Y EL GAS NATURAL EN CENTROAMRICA INSTITUTO DE LAS AMERICAS, Panam, Set 2012, Rafael A. Garca, Galway Energy Advisors, www.galwaygroup.com,
Mini Terminal
630 MT
GasEner, http://www.gasener.com/miniterminals.html
Mini Terminal
1,434.3 MT
GasEner, http://www.gasener.com/miniterminals.html
Mini Terminal
3,780 MT
GasEner, http://www.gasener.com/miniterminals.html
DGC, LNG - Status in Denmark, Technology and potential, REPORT,Project Report, May 2012 , http://www.dgc.eu/publications/pdf/lng_status.pdf,
Storage and Transport LNG Truck and Storage Plant in the Dominican Republic
Tropigas Natural, Aplicacin y Utilizacin del GNL en el sector industrial y de servicios de Republica Dominicana, Plantas Satlites de Regasificacin
LAND TRANSPORTATION OF LNG AND ITS APPLICATION IN COGENERATION, Juan Tarin, LNG Business Development, Ros Roca INDOX Cryo Energy, 2011 LNG Symposium for Central America & the Caribbean, http://www.wartsila.com/lngs
Importacin
Produccin Nacional
13 134 34
Estrategia para la introduccin del gas natural en Centroamrica, BID, Tarea 2: Definicin de los distintos escenarios de oferta de gas natural, Noviembre 2006, p. 12.
Campos de hidrocarburos en la regin del Caribe y Golfo de Mxico (con ms de 500 millones de bbls)
Cuba produces ~60,000 bbls/day.Petrobras & Cupet to develop new offshore concession Nov 08
Cuba
Belize Natural Energy Ltd.10 wells 50,00 bbl/day
Belize
Guatemala Nicaragua
Norwood Resources Oklanicsa Concession: Drilled 3 wells, recovered oil. Recently (Nov 09) drilled new indicated oil discovery
Ecopetrol Eocene oil&gas, San Andres/Providencia Islands (Colombia but ownership disputed by Nicaragua)
Costa Rica
http://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Mapa_Fronteras_Caribe.svg
Guerra y paz en el Caribe, Unos $500 mil millones en reservas de petrleo y gas estaran en juego, 26 Setiembre 2013, https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533305890
BG Group
Noble Energy
Infinity Greathouse Trust 2000 Oklanicsa (Industria Oklahoma Nicaragua S.A.)
Repsol (?)
(posible rea de inters)
Conclusiones
Robert A. Hefner III, The Grand Energy Transition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2009, p. 28.
Opcin de algun algunas gun nas personas? No ver ni resolver solver la realidad de esperando que d desaparezca sola o que otros lo resuelvan.
Sostenibilidad
Tiempo
Tiempo