Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
DATOS GENERALES:
Longitud entre ejes de apoyos (S)
Nmero de carriles
Ancho de carril
Ancho de bermas
Ancho de cajuela
Vereda - sardinel
Concreto f'c
Acero fy
Sobre carga vehicular
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= HL-93
9000.0
2.0
3600.0
900.0
350.0
600.0
28.0
412.0
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
Mpa.
Mpa.
SOLUCION.
DIMENSIONAMIENTO
Ancho del puente:
A=
10,200.00
mm.
10.20 m.
Espesor de la losa:
480.0
mm.
Con:
L1 = el menor de:
L1 =
Luz =
18,000.0
9,000.0
Ancho =
9,000.0
9,000.0
W1 = el menor de:
W1 =
9,000.0
Entonces:
E=
02 o ms lineas cargadas
4030 mm.
10,200.0
OK
E=
2,100+0,12 (L1 x W1 )
0,5
W/NL
Con:
W1 = el menor de:
W1 =
18,000.0
Ancho=
10,200.0
10,200.0
=
10,200.0 mm.
= entero de Wc/3,60 =
=
7.2
Entonces:
E=
3,249.7
mm.
5100
3,249.7
145 KN
P=
po=
Del Grfico:
R=
145 KN
35 KN
222.3
KN.
Va =
222.3
KN.
22.7
Ton
4300
TANDEM DE DISEO
P=
po=
Del Grfico:
R=
110 KN
110 KN
205.3
KN.
Va =
205.3
KN.
SOBRECARGA DISTRIBUIDA.
Q=
9.3 KN/m
110 KN
21.0
Ton
1200
Del Grfico:
R=
41.9
KN.
Va =
41.9
KN.
4.3
Ton
337.5
KN.
145 KN
C/L
145 KN
4300
4300
35 KN
4300
C
a
R=
325 KN.
Mc = 0
Mc = 145 x 4300 - R a - 35 x 4300 = 0
a=
1455 mm.
Entonces:
x=
-527.5 m.
145 KN
4300
Mc = 145 x 4300 - R x a
a=
2150.0 mm.
x=
3425.0 mm.
L-x=
5575.0 mm.
Clculo del momento en C:
Para P = 1 ( carga unitaria):
y=
2121.6 mm.
y1 =
485.2 mm.
y1
110 KN
377986.8 KNxmm.
378.0 KN.m
TANDEM DE DISEO
Mc = 110 x 1200 - R x a = 0
a=
600.0 mm.
x=
4200.0 mm.
L-x=
4800.0 mm.
Clculo del momento en C:
4800
y1
431200.0 KNxmm.
431.2 KNxm.
>
377986.8 KN.mm.
SOBRECARGA DISTRIBUIDA.
En el punto C, del tandem de diseo.
4800
w=
9.3 KN/m
Del Grfico:
R = w L /2 =
41.85 KN.
2
Mcw = R(L-x)-wL /2 =
93.74 KNxm.
667.2
KNxm.
1.0
1.0
0.9
Ductilidad (D) ]
Dedundancia (R)
Importancia Oper. (I)
= D x R x I =
SERVICIO
1.00
1.00
-.-
FATIGA
1.00
1.00
-.-
1.00
1.00
1.05
Va / E =
103.85
KN/ m de ancho
205.32
KNxm / m de ancho.
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MLL+IM =
Ma / E =
600
300
1/2 Eint
RUEDA
1800 max
E=
2524.9 mm.
E=
1800.0 mm.
Entonces:
Debido a que el ancho es mnimo, solo entra una rueda del camin.
Para encontrar el valor crtico utilizamos el factor de presencia mltiple m = 1.2
ESFUERZO CORTANTE:
VLL+IM =
1.2 x 0.5 x Va / E =
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MLL+IM =
1.2 x 0.5 x Va / E =
11.75 KN/m.
ESFUERZO CORTANTE:
VDC =
DC x L / 2
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MDC =
DC x L / 8 =
1.1 KN/m.
ESFUERZO CORTANTE:
VDW =
DW x L / 2
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MDW=
DW x L2 / 8 =
FRANJA DE BORDE:
600
300
0.25
0.50
1800
VEREDA =
LOSA =
DC = vereda + losa =
3.53 KN/m.
11.75 KN/m.
13.71 KN/m.
ESFUERZO CORTANTE:
VDC =
DC x L / 2
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MDC =
DC x L2 / 8 =
1.1 KN/m.
0.73
ESFUERZO CORTANTE:
VDW =
DW x L / 2
MOMENTO FLECTOR:
MDW=
DW x L2 / 8 =
CUADRO RESUMEN
FRANJA INTERIOR
CARGA
LL+IM
DC
DW
M
205.32
118.97
11.14
103.85
52.88
4.95
d
500
12.5
25
d = h - (recubri.+ 0.5 ) =
Adems: = D = R = I =
462.5 mm.
1
335.43 KNxm.
Refuerzo requerido:
fc =
fs =
0.45 f'c =
0.60 fy =
12.6
247.2
Mpa.
Mpa.
FRANJA DE BORDE
V
M
112.49
222.41
61.69
138.80
3.30
7.43
Ec =
Es =
Luego:
n=
Adems:
k=
y:
j=
Entonces:
As =
0.043xcf'c =
Es / Ec =
25100
200000
7.97
fc / (fc + fs/n) =
0.289
1 - k/3 =
0.904
Mi / ( fs.j.d) =
As =
Mpa., con c =
Mpa.
3246.41
mm2.
32.46 cm2 .
Utilizando = 1" Ab =
5.06
s=
15.59
1 = 1" @
As =
cm2.
15.00
FRANJA DE BORDE
Momento en servicio:
Mi = i Mi = 1.0 * 1.0 MDC + 1.0 MDW + 1.0 MLL+IM]
Reemplazando =
Mi =
Entonces:
As =
368.64 KN x m.
Mi / ( fs.j.d) =
As =
3567.81
35.68 cm2 .
Utilizando = 1" Ab =
5.06
s=
14.18 CM.
As =
mm2.
1 = 1" @
cm2.
14.00
0.0020
FRANJA INTERIOR:
= As / b x d =
0.0070
OK
2300 kgf/cm3
FRANJA DE BORDE:
= As / b x d =
0.0077
OK
1/3
0.6 fy
Donde:
fsa = esfuerzo de tension en el refuerzo de acero estructural en el estado lmite
dc = prof. Medida desde el extremo de la fibra en tensin al centro de la barra
o cable, localizado lo mas cerca, pero no ser mayor de 50 mm.
A = area de concreto con el mismocentro que el refuerzo de tension principal y encerrado por la
superficie de la seccion transversal y una lnea derecha paralela al eje neutral, dividido por
el nmero de barras o cables (mm2)
Z
30 KN/mm. - exposicion moderada
3000 kgf/m.
23 KN/mm. - exposicion severa
2300 kgf/m.
17.5 KN/mm. - estructura enterrada.
1750 kgf/m.
FRANJA INTERIOR:
CHEQUEO DEL ESFUERZO EN TRACCION.
Momento en la franja interior:
Mi =
335.43 KNxm.
M / S = M / I = 6 M / b.h2.
frc =
8.05 Mpa.
3.33
Entonces:
Mpa.
3.33 <
d
dc
fs/n
b=1000
n.As =
15.00 =
33.73 cm2.
268.79 cm2.
Para la figura anterior, determinamos la ubicacin del eje neutro, considerando la condicion de equilibrio
b x c x c / 2 = n . As (d - c)
b.c2 + 2 n.As.c - 2 n.As.d = 0
Reemplazando valores:
c=
13.31 cm.
donde Icr es el momento de inercia de la seccion fisurada . Para refuerzo solo en la zona fisurada o refuerzo en una capa
3
2
Icr = 1/3 b.c + nAs (d-c)
Reemplazando valores:
con b =
100 cm.
Icr =
4
370,248.74 cm .
4
3.70E+09 mm .
237.80 Mpa
n x (M x (d - c ) / Icr)
23.78 KN/cm2
fs fsa 0.6 fy
fs =
fsa =
Z=
dc =
dc =
A=
b/N=
A=
247.2 Mpa.
Z / (dc . A)
1/3
30 KN/mm.
distancia del centro del refuerzo a la fibra en traccin ms lejana
37.5 mm.
2 . dc . b /N
separacion del refuerzo
=
150.00 mm.
2
11,250.00 mm .
37.5
dc = 37.5
150.0
b=1000
Reemplazando se tiene:
fsa =
400.00 Mpa.
247.2 Mpa.
>
119.85
7.05
1.98
0.40
129.28
KN/m.
KN/m.
KN/m.
KN/m.
KN/m.
1,308.96
KN -m
wDL x L2 / 8 =
fs fsa
fr x Ig / yt
Ig =
3.33 MPa.
b . h^3 / 12 =
yt =
h/2 =
mm4.
1.06E+11
250
mm.
1416.80 KN .m
3
(Mcr / Ma) =
1.2681
Adems:
4
3.70E+09 mm por metro de losa.
Icr =
Entonces:
4
3.78E+10 mm por ancho total de losa.
4
3.78E+06 cm
Icr =
Icr =
Luego:
Ie =
POR LO TANTO:
4
1.25E+07 cm
4
1.06E+11 mm .
Ie =
Ie Ig
4.14 mm.
1.06E+07 cm4.
= F / (1 + 50 p')
p' =
F =
Entonces:
dif =
Luego:
12.42 mm.
contraflecha =
12.42
mm.
11.25
mm.
385.7
KN.
Debido a que la posicion de la carga vara, , el momento actuante y el momento de inercia tambien cambian.
Por lo tanto el momento total ser:
385.7
385.7
C/L
a/2=1.075
5575
3425
y1
1.275
2121.6 mm.
485.2 mm.
MDL + (2 x Mc x m x 1.33)
Mtot =
3983.44 KN-m
Calculamos Ie:
Ie =
Ie =
Ec.Ie =
=> Ie = Ig=
2.67E+15 N. mm2.
1.06E+11 mm4.
2.67E+12 KN.mm2.
PLL+IM
kl
1.275
4300
PLL+IM
C/L
3.425
2
2.15
5.575
debido a la carga en 1:
max =
CON:
K=
ENTONCES:
1,275 / L =
0.1417
max =
0.93 mm.
debido a la carga en 2:
CON:
K = 5.575 / L =
0.6194
ENTONCES:
max =
2.03 mm.
deflexion total:
LL+IM =
max =
2.96 mm.
L / 800 =
11.25
mm.
9.3
KN /m.
2x wx mx 1.33 =
24.738
KN/m.
Wtot x L2 / 8 =
500.94
KN - m.
Momento:
Msc =
Msc =
500944.5 KN - mm.
Deflexion producida:
sc =
sc =
1.58 mm.
Entonces:
max =
sc + 0.25 LL+IM
max =
2.32 mm.
2 x Ptd x m x 1.33
OK
OK
Ptot =
585.2 KN.
Clculo de la deflexin.
td =
td =
3.3326 mm.
VERIFICACION DE LA FATIGA:
Separacion entre ejes posteriores = 9 m.
En nuestro caso, esta longitud es igua a la luz del puente (no entran todas las cargas)
Consideramos solamente los dos ejes delanteros:
Posicion de las cargas para maximo momento Barre:
a=
35 x 4300 / 180 =
a/2 =
418.1 mm.
836.1
mm.
x=
(L- a ) - 2 =
L-x=
4918.1 mm.
u=
618.1 mm.
4081.9
mm.
35
145
C/L
a/2=0.4181
4918
4082
y1
0.6181
2230.6
280.3
Mc = 145 y + 35 y1
Mc =
333245.4 KNxmm.
Combinacion de cargas para fatiga:
U=
15%
1.0
y : =
EL MOMENTO MAXIMO SERA:
MFAT =
287424.2 KN - m
3,249.7
m.
Momento
MFAT-T = MFAT / E =
88.45
MFAT-T =
88445.07
KN-m.
KN-mm.
fc
x
d
d-x
fs/n
Se tiene:
Icr =
3.78E+06 mm4.
c=
13.31 mm.
d=
462.5 mm.
n=
8.0
El esfuerzo en traccion ser:
= fs / n = M (d - c) / Icr =
10.5
Entonces:
fs =
83.82 Mpa.
Mpa.
Rango maximo:
ff = 145 - 0.3 fmin + 55 (r/h)
fmin =
(r/h) =
ff =
83.82 Mpa.
Reemplazando tenemos:
550.96 KN - m.
Mu =
5,618,273.72 Kg-cm.
Mu/ b.d
Ku =
26.27
de la tabla :
=
0.0075
As = bd =
34.7
cm2.
70.64
mm.
Vemos que:
As >
OK
34.69 cm2
<
14.59 cm.
As = 1 1" @ 0.14
14 cm.
OK
FRANJA DE BORDE:
Mu =
Reemplazando tenemos:
602.55 KN - m.
Mu =
6,144,296.45 Kg-cm.
Mu/ b.d2
Ku =
28.72
de la tabla :
=
0.0082
As = bd =
37.93
cm2.
77.24
mm.
Vemos que:
As >
OK
37.93 cm2
<
s=
Entonces =
13 cm.
As = 1 1" @ 0.13
NOTA.- Las losas diseadas por el mtodo de franjas equivalente pueden considerarse satisfactorias por cortante.
ACERO DE DISTRIBUCIN.Porcentaje de refuerzo de distribucin:
% = 1750 / L < 50 %
% =
18% < 50 %
Por lo tanto:
FRANJA INTERIOR:
Asd =
6.40
cm2
7.00
cm2
500000
910.19
mm2
1 5/8" @ 0.20
mm2.
9.10
cm2.
145 KN
4300
8600
110 KN
1200
35 KN
C/L
145 KN
35 KN
x
4300
C
4500
145 KN
C/L
4300
x
C
a
3425
110 KN
KN
x
C
a
4200
y1
9.3 KN/m
4200
25098.0064
ncerrado por la
, dividido por
A FISURADA
n de equilibrio
imo momento.
a tambien cambian.
TABLA: Ku -
fy
Mu
1
As
=
=
=
=
=
4200
0.9
ku.b.d =
0.85
.b.d
kg/cm2
As.fy (d - a/2)
ku
=
175
b =
0.75 b =
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
0.0020
0.0022
0.0024
0.0026
0.0028
0.0030
0.0032
0.0034
0.0036
0.0038
0.0040
0.0042
0.0044
0.0046
0.0048
0.0050
0.0052
0.0054
0.0056
0.0058
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
210
f'c (kg/cm)
240
280
350
0.0177
0.0133
0.0213
0.0159
0.0243
0.0182
0.0283
0.0213
0.0354
0.0266
0.75386
1.50344
2.24873
2.98974
3.72648
4.45892
5.18709
5.91098
6.63058
7.34590
8.05694
8.76370
9.46617
10.16437
10.85828
11.54791
12.23325
12.91432
13.59110
14.26360
14.93182
15.59576
16.25542
16.91079
17.56188
18.20869
18.85122
19.48946
20.12343
20.75311
21.37851
21.99962
22.61646
0.75422
1.50486
2.25194
2.99545
3.73540
4.47177
5.20458
5.93381
6.65948
7.38158
8.10012
8.81508
9.52648
10.23430
10.93856
11.63926
12.33638
13.02993
13.71992
14.40634
15.08919
15.76847
16.44418
17.11632
17.78490
18.44991
19.11135
19.76922
20.42352
21.07426
21.72142
22.36502
23.00505
0.75444
1.50576
2.25395
2.99902
3.74097
4.47980
5.21550
5.94809
6.67755
7.40389
8.12710
8.84720
9.56417
10.27802
10.98874
11.69635
12.40083
13.10219
13.80043
14.49554
15.18754
15.87641
16.56216
17.24478
17.92429
18.60067
19.27393
19.94407
20.61108
21.27497
21.93574
22.59339
23.24792
0.75466
1.50665
2.25596
3.00259
3.74655
4.48783
5.22643
5.96236
6.69561
7.42619
8.15409
8.87931
9.60186
10.32173
11.03892
11.75344
12.46528
13.17445
13.88094
14.58475
15.28589
15.98435
16.68013
17.37324
18.06368
18.75143
19.43651
20.11891
20.79864
21.47569
22.15007
22.82177
23.49079
0.75493
1.50772
2.25837
3.00687
3.75324
4.49746
5.23955
5.97949
6.71729
7.45295
8.18647
8.91785
9.64709
10.37418
11.09914
11.82195
12.54263
13.26116
13.97755
14.69180
15.40391
16.11388
16.82171
17.52739
18.23094
18.93234
19.63161
20.32873
21.02371
21.71655
22.40725
23.09581
23.78223
0.0068
0.0070
0.0072
0.0074
0.0076
0.0078
0.0080
0.0082
23.22901
23.83728
24.44127
25.04098
25.63641
26.22755
26.81441
27.39699
23.64151
24.27440
24.90373
25.52948
26.15167
26.77029
27.38534
27.99683
23.89932
24.54760
25.19276
25.83480
26.47371
27.10951
27.74218
28.37172
24.15713
24.82080
25.48180
26.14011
26.79575
27.44872
28.09901
28.74662
24.46651
25.14864
25.82864
26.50649
27.18220
27.85578
28.52721
29.19650
280
29.39156
30.03382
30.67340
31.31031
31.94454
32.57609
33.20497
33.83117
34.45470
35.07555
35.69372
36.30922
36.92204
37.53219
38.13966
38.74445
39.34656
39.94600
40.54277
41.13686
41.72827
42.31700
42.90306
43.48644
44.06715
44.64518
45.22053
45.79321
46.36321
46.93054
47.49519
48.05716
48.61645
49.17308
49.72702
50.27829
350
29.86365
30.52865
31.19152
31.85225
32.51083
33.16727
33.82158
34.47374
35.12376
35.77164
36.41738
37.06098
37.70243
38.34175
38.97892
39.61396
40.24685
40.87760
41.50621
42.13268
42.75701
43.37920
43.99925
44.61715
45.23292
45.84654
46.45803
47.06737
47.67457
48.27963
48.88255
49.48333
50.08196
50.67846
51.27282
51.86503
ku
=
0.0084
0.0086
0.0088
0.0090
0.0092
0.0094
0.0096
0.0098
0.0100
0.0102
0.0104
0.0106
0.0108
0.0110
0.0112
0.0114
0.0116
0.0118
0.0120
0.0122
0.0124
0.0126
0.0128
0.0130
0.0132
0.0134
0.0136
0.0138
0.0140
0.0142
0.0144
0.0146
0.0148
0.0150
0.0152
0.0154
175
27.97529
28.54931
29.11904
29.68449
30.24566
30.80255
31.35515
31.90348
32.44752
32.98728
33.52276
34.05395
34.58087
35.10350
35.62185
36.13592
36.64570
37.15121
37.65243
38.14937
38.64203
39.13040
39.61450
40.09431
40.56984
41.04109
210
28.60474
29.20909
29.80987
30.40708
31.00072
31.59079
32.17730
32.76023
33.33960
33.91540
34.48763
35.05629
35.62139
36.18292
36.74087
37.29526
37.84609
38.39334
38.93702
39.47714
40.01369
40.54667
41.07608
41.60192
42.12420
42.64291
43.15804
43.66961
44.17762
44.68205
45.18291
45.68021
46.17394
46.66410
47.15069
47.63372
f'c (kg/cm)
240
28.99815
29.62145
30.24163
30.85869
31.47263
32.08344
32.69113
33.29570
33.89715
34.49547
35.09068
35.68276
36.27172
36.85755
37.44026
38.01986
38.59633
39.16967
39.73990
40.30700
40.87098
41.43184
41.98957
42.54418
43.09567
43.64404
44.18929
44.73141
45.27041
45.80629
46.33905
46.86868
47.39520
47.91859
48.43886
48.95600
0.0156
0.0158
0.0160
0.0162
0.0164
0.0166
0.0168
0.0170
0.0172
0.0174
0.0176
0.0178
0.0180
0.0182
0.0184
48.11317
48.58906
49.06138
49.53013
49.47002
49.98093
50.48870
50.99336
51.49489
51.99331
52.48860
52.98076
53.46981
53.95573
54.43853
54.91821
55.39477
55.86820
56.33851
50.82688
51.37279
51.91603
52.45659
52.99448
53.52969
54.06223
54.59208
55.11926
55.64377
56.16560
56.68475
57.20123
57.71503
58.22615
52.45510
53.04303
53.62883
54.21248
54.79398
55.37335
55.95058
56.52567
57.09861
57.66942
58.23808
58.80460
59.36898
59.93122
60.49132
280
58.73460
59.24037
59.74347
60.24389
60.74163
61.23670
61.72909
62.21880
62.70584
63.19020
63.67188
64.15089
64.62723
65.10088
65.57186
66.04017
350
61.04928
61.60510
62.15877
62.71031
63.25970
63.80696
64.35207
64.89504
65.43587
65.97456
66.51111
67.04552
67.57778
68.10791
68.63589
69.16173
69.68544
70.20700
70.72642
71.24370
71.75884
72.27183
72.78269
73.29141
73.79798
74.30241
74.80471
75.30486
75.80287
ku
=
175
0.0186
0.0188
0.0190
0.0192
0.0194
0.0196
0.0198
0.0200
0.0202
0.0204
0.0206
0.0208
0.0210
0.0212
0.0214
0.0216
0.0218
0.0220
0.0222
0.0224
0.0226
0.0228
0.0230
0.0232
0.0234
0.0236
0.0238
0.0240
0.0242
210
f'c (kg/cm)
240
0.0244
0.0246
0.0248
0.0250
0.0252
0.0254
0.0256
0.0258
0.0260
0.0262
0.0264
0.0266
0.0268
0.0270
76.29874
76.79247
77.28405
77.77350
78.26081
78.74597
79.22899
79.70988
80.18862
80.66522
81.13968
81.61200
82.08217
82.55021