INSTITUTO SUPERIOR PEDAGOGICO CIUDAD DE SAN GABRIEL Prepositions

Prepositions (Las preposiciones)

Las preposiciones son una de las partes de la lengua inglesa que ms cuesta aprender a los hablantes de lengua espaola. Por ello es recomendable memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo de si hablamos de preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos que muchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes apartados. Por ello se recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nos ayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos. En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplemente tendremos que memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno lea diferentes textos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje. Son unas de las preposiciones ms comunes que se pueden usar para indicar lugar o tiempo: in,at and on.

IN
Significado: en, dentro, dentro de Uso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como vemos en los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugar geogrfico. Ejemplos: I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.) The cat is in the box. (El gato est dentro la caja.) I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la gua telefnica.) My parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el lunes.) EJEMPLOS: She is in the table. I live in San Gabriel. The dog is in the house. She live in Mexico. The pencil is in the table. The board is in the school. The eraser is in the table. Carlos live in Bogot. Juan live in Macas.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, aos, pocas, partes del da, y perodos de tiempo (duracin).

Ejemplos: We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Mjico en mayo.) I always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las maanas.) I will see him in a week. (Le ver en una semana.) She was born in 1976. (Naci en 1976.)

EXAMPLES. We went to Canada in September. You went to Esmeraldas in December. He went to Ibarra in May. She went to Tulcn. Carlos was born in 1827. I always arrive the afternoon. I will see you in one month. Juan died in 1966. Carlos lives in medellin. He died in September of 1991.

AT
Significado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocando Uso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de "top" (parte superior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de), para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrs de "arrive" (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades o pases. Ejemplos: He is at home. (l est en casa.) I always visit my sister at work. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.) We eat at the table. (Comemos en la mesa.) I will see him at the theatre. (Le ver en el teatro.) Her name is at the bottom of the page. (Su nombre est en la parte inferior de la pgina.) When did you arrive at the airport? (Cundo llegaste al aeropuerto?) Play Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas. Ejemplos: He runs every morning at 6. (l corre cada maana a las 6.) I will see them at Christmas. (Les ver en Navidad.) Mara eats in the morning at 5 o'clock Salome walks in the afternoon at 6:30 o'clock. We eat in the house. They walk in the park. He is in the church.

Pedro this in the park. Rosa works in the market. We study in the afternoon We read in the night.

ON
Significado: sobre, encima de algo, tocando Uso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos, etc, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitacin como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien est dentro de un transporte pblico o en una planta de un edificio. Ejemplos: The pen is on the table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa.) They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de Pars en la pared.) I am on the bus. (Estoy en el autobs.) Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso est en la segunda planta.) EXAMPLES. The pizarrn is in the wall. And l clock is in the wall. Tita this in the bus. Juan is in the moto. My house this in the second floor. Carlos lives in the third floor. The draft is in the table The handbag is in the seat The computer is in the table.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con das de la semana, fechas y fiestas. Ejemplos: We went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fuimos a Mjico a primeros de mayo.) He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (l corre los lunes y los viernes.) I will see Luis on his birthday. (Ver a Luis en su cumpleaos.)

Examples: Carlos went to machala in December. Lisa went to Spain in September. He walks on Thursdays and on Saturdays. She studies on Sundays in the afternoon. I will see Martha in their marriage. I will see to luis in their party. Pedro eats in the restaurant on Mondays and on Saturdays. Juan attended the church on Tuesdays and on Fridays. He writes a book on Thursdays and on Sundays.io

Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrs del verbo principal, que suele ser el verbo "to be" (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.

NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Significado: al lado de, junto a Uso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente. Utilizar una forma u otra depender del hablante y del contexto. Ejemplos: The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado est junto al banco.) Sit next to (beside) me. (Sintate a mi lado.) EXAMPLES: The church this next to the park. The office this next to Mara's house. The market this next to the butcher shop. My house this next to the church. The park this next to the office. The bank this next to Juan's house. Police's station this next to the Pan-American one. The radio this next to the central market. The market of clothes this next to the theater.

BY

Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a Uso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es ms como "cerca" en castellano. Ejemplos: I sit by the window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.) Our house is by the river. (Nuestra casa est cerca del rio.) EXAMPLES: The church is next to the bank. The restaurant is next to the police station. The bank is next to the church. My house is next to the river. Rosas house is nexto the market She live nexto the park He dancing next to the bar. They listen to music nexto the bank.

BETWEEN
Significado: entre

Ejemplos: The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre el banco y la estacin de tren.) She is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.) Examples: The table this between the bed and the closet. The cook this between the table and the refrigerator. The computer this between the closet and the table. I am stopped between carlos and juan. The seat this between the refrigerator and the ccosina. The broom this between the dog and the cat. The supermarket this between the park and the church. The restaurant this between the park and the church. Carlos this between Mara and Rosa.

BEHIND

Significado: detrs de Ejemplos: The church is behind the school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.) He is standing behind you. (Est de pie detrs de ti.) Play

IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE

Significado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de Usos: La diferencia entre ellos es cuando estamos hablando de personas, "in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa delante y cara a cara. Ejemplos: The hotel is in front of the station. (El hotel est en frente de la estacin.) The bank is opposite the market. (El banco est delante del mercado.) He is standing in front of you. (Est de pie delante de ti.) She is sitting opposite me. (Est sentando en frente mo.) Play

UNDER

Significado: debajo de Ejemplos: The ball is under the chair. (La pelota est debajo la silla.) The dog is under the tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.) Examples: The cat is under the table. The dog is under the tree. The pencil is under the chair. The be is under the flower. The fly flew under the tree

ABOVE

Significado: por encima sin tocar Ejemplo: The clock is above the table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.) Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos al castellano, ya que en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la pared." Si quisiramos especificar diramos: "y por debajo en la misma pared est apoyada la mesa." Play BELOW Significado: por debajo sin tocar Ejemplo: The table is below the clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.) Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevar a confusin. En este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco ms arriba. EXAMPLES: The door is below the window. The car is below the river. The telephone is below the table. The clock is below the door. The pencil is below the table. The eraser is below the door. The ruler is below the window.me (Preposiones de tiempo)

BEFORE

Significado: antes, antes de Uso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: Ring [call] me before one. (Llmame antes de la una.) They arrived before me. (Llegaron antes que yo.)

They arrived before time They played before twelve o'clock You call me before the breakfast Lend me before recess We see each other before seven o'clock

AFTER

Significado: despus, despus de, tras Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: We will see you after the movie. (Te veremos despus de la pelcula.) I arrived after them. (Llegue despus de ellos.)

I will see you after the party You arrived after Cristina We will see each other after mass You will go after her We will see each other after the dinner

DURING

Significado: durante Uso: Puede ir seguido de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: Dont talk during the movie. (No hables durante la pelcula.) I dont like to watch television during the day. (No me gusta ver la televisin durante el da.)

Don't speak during the food Don't eat during the mass Don't laugh during the meeting I don't like to leave during the night Don't bother during the class

FOR
Significado: durante Uso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunque signifique lo mismo que "during" no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz. Este se utiliza para expresar un perodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas, meses o aos. Ejemplos: I lived in England for three years. (Viv en Inglaterra durante tres aos.) He studied for the exam for one week. (Estudi para el examen durante una semana.)

I took a bath during one hour Converse for telephone during five minutes Travel during five hours I played the soccer game during twenty minutes I slept during eight hours

WHILE

Significado: mientras Uso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Ejemplos: I will work while I can. (Trabajar mientras pueda.) He called while we were out. (Llam mientras estbamos fuera.)

As while he/she waits He/she sings while he/she takes a bath

He/she paints while it relaxes himself He/she converses while he/she waits I will sleep while he/she can

TO
Significado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento) Uso: Se coloca detrs de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver, caminar, volar, etcEjemplos: Ejemplos: They came to the wedding. (Vinieron a la boda.) Sofia flew to Canada. (Sofia vol a Canad.)

The wine to the party. She studies in the school of Ibarra. Carlos flew to mexico. Juan in route to the house Pedro travels to the Chinese. Lisandro in route to the corner. The wine to the wedding. She came to the house. They traveled to Juan's house.

Prepositions (Preposiciones) Leccin gramtica: Prepositions Completa las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejerciciopara obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.

Q1 of 20: There are many tourists ___ New York.

in at to Q2 of 20: I met him ____ the South of Spain.

on at in Q3 of 20: My flat [apartment] is ___ the first floor.

on at in Q4 of 20: The meeting is ___ 3:30.

on at in Q5 of 20: I'm going to Mexico City ___ this weekend.

at on Q6 of 20: We often go to the beach ___ the summer.

in at on

Q7 of 20: My birthday is ___ the 10th of June.

at on in Q8 of 20: His birthday is ___ May.

on in Q9 of 20: Every year I go home ___ Christmas.

at on in Q10 of 20: Peter and Susan always go to church ___ Christmas day.

on at in Q11 of 20: We are getting married __ the spring.

at in on Q12 of 20: John lives near ___ Barcelona.

in at

Q13 of 20: What time do you eat ___ the afternoon?

on at in Q14 of 20: He goes ___ discotechs every night.

to in Q15 of 20: Where is Alex? He is ___ his apartment.

at in on Q16 of 20: Sally is talking ___ Michael.

to at Q17 of 20: Where are you flying ___?

at to on Q18 of 20: We are meeting ___ the restaurant.

to

on at Q19 of 20: When do your parents arrive ___ Spain?

in to at Q20 of 20: She will arrive ___ ten minutes.

on in at