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Formulario de Integrales
Formulario de Integrales
CLCULO DIFERENCIAL
VER.3.6
E INTEGRAL
Jess Rub Miranda (jesusrubi1@yahoo.com)
http://mx.geocities.com/estadisticapapers/
http://mx.geocities.com/dicalculus/
VALOR ABSOLUTO
a si a 0
a =
a si a < 0
a = a
= ak
k =1
a
k =1
ak
k =1
EXPONENTES
a a = a
p
( a b)
k =1
0
12
0
1
3 2 1 3
30
k =1
k =1
ar
k 1
k =1
n
(a + l )
2
n
1 r
a rl
=a
=
1 r
1 r
k = 2 (n
ap/q = ap
k =1
LOGARITMOS
logb N ln N
=
logb a
ln a
ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS
a ( c + d ) = ac + ad
(a + b) ( a b) = a b
2
( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
a
b
a
b
a
b
(
)(
) (
) = a 2 2ab + b 2
( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd
( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
3
( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 b3
2
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
2
( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = a 3 b3
( a b ) ( a3 + a 2 b + ab2 + b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a b ) ( a 4 + a 3b + a 2 b 2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 b5
n
( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n n
k =1
y = cos x
y = tg x
y
1
x
sec
csc
cos ( ) = cos
sen ( + 2 ) = sen
cos ( + 2 ) = cos
tg ( + 2 ) = tg
sen ( + ) = sen
cos ( + ) = cos
tg ( + ) = tg
sen ( + n ) = ( 1) sen
n
cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos
tg ( + n ) = tg
0.5
-0.5
cos ( n ) = ( 1)
-1
-2
-8
-6
-4
-2
sec x , ctg x :
k =1
n
n!
, kn
=
k ( n k )! k !
n
n
n
( x + y ) = x nk y k
k =0 k
n
2.5
2
1.5
CONSTANTES
= 3.14159265359
e = 2.71828182846
TRIGONOMETRA
CO
sen =
HIP
CA
cos =
HIP
sen CO
tg =
=
cos CA
nk
k
-0.5
-1
-1.5
csc x
sec x
ctg x
-2
-2.5
-8
1
sen
1
sec =
cos
1
ctg =
tg
csc =
-6
-4
-2
-1
-2
-3
n
2n + 1
sen
= ( 1)
2
2n + 1
cos
=0
2
2n + 1
tg
=
2
sen = cos
2
cos = sen +
2
1
0.5
n!
=
x1n1 x2n2
n1 !n2 ! nk !
tg ( n ) = 0
sen x
cos x
tg x
-1.5
arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x
-2
-1
tg + tg
ctg + ctg
e x e x
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
2
senh x e x e x
tgh x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
e x + e x
=
ctgh x =
tgh x e x e x
1
2
=
sech x =
cosh x e x + e x
1
2
csch x =
=
senh x e x e x
senh x =
senh :
sen ( n ) = 0
1
sen ( ) + sen ( + )
2
1
sen sen = cos ( ) cos ( + )
2
1
cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + )
2
FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS
tg ( ) = tg
y 0,
sen ( )
cos cos
sen cos =
tg tg =
n! = k
radianes=180
sen ( ) = sen
,
2 2
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS
sen + cos 2 = 1
tg 2 + 1 = sec 2
+ ( 2n 1) = n 2
+ xk )
1 + ctg 2 = csc2
1.5
( x1 + x2 +
tg tg =
arc ctg x
arc sec x
arc csc x
-2
-5
+ n)
1
1
( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
sen sen = 2sen ( ) cos ( + )
2
2
1
1
cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
cos cos = 2sen ( + ) sen ( )
2
2
sen + sen = 2 sen
-1
2
2
1
1
k =1
1+ 3 + 5 +
1
( 2n3 + 3n2 + n )
6
n
1
k 3 = ( n 4 + 2n3 + n 2 )
4
k =1
n
1
k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n4 + 10n3 n )
30
k =1
log a N = x a x = N
1
3
ctg
1
y = sec x = cos
y [ 0, ]
x
1
y = csc x = sen
y ,
x
2 2
Grfica 1. Las funciones trigonomtricas: sen x ,
cos x , tg x :
12
y = ctg x = tg
ak 1 ) = an a0
tg
y ,
2 2
y [ 0, ]
y = sen x
k =1
ap
a
= p
b
b
2 1
1
a + ( k 1) d = 2 2a + ( n 1) d
90
+ bk ) = ak + bk
= ap bp
log a N =
cos
k =1
sen
k =1
(a
3 2
= c ak
k =1
CA
45
ca
(a
= a pq
p
CO
60
k =1
a
= a p q
aq
p q
HIP
c = nc
k =1
p+q
(a )
par
a+b a + b
impar
+ a n = ak
a1 + a2 +
a 0y a =0 a=0
k =1
k +1
( a + b ) ( 1) a n k b k 1 = a n + b n n
k =1
k +1
( a + b ) ( 1) a n k b k 1 = a n b n n
k =1
SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS
a a y a a
ab = a b
( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b 2 ) = a3 + b3
( a + b ) ( a3 a 2 b + ab 2 b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a + b ) ( a 4 a 3b + a 2 b 2 ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 + b5
( a + b ) ( a5 a 4 b + a3b 2 a 2 b3 + ab4 b5 ) = a 6 b6
cosh :
tgh :
ctgh :
[1,
1,1
{0} , 1 1,
sech :
0,1]
csch :
{0}
{0}
-3
-4
-5
(
(
)
)
senh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x
cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1
tgh 1 x =
1 1+ x
ln
,
2 1 x
ctgh 1 x =
1 x +1
ln
,
2 x 1
x <1
x >1
1 1 x2
, 0 < x 1
sech 1 x = ln
1
x +1
1
, x 0
csch x = ln +
x
x
senh 2 x =
senh 2 x
cosh 2 x + 1
OTRAS
tgh x =
ax + bx + c = 0
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
b 2 4ac = discriminante
x=
LMITES
1
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x0
1
lim 1 + = e
x
x
sen x
=1
lim
x0
x
1 cos x
lim
=0
x0
x
ex 1
lim
=1
x0
x
x 1
lim
=1
x 1 ln x
DERIVADAS
Dx f ( x ) =
f ( x + x ) f ( x )
df
y
= lim
= lim
x 0 x
dx x 0
x
d
(c) = 0
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
d
( cx n ) = ncx n1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u v w ) =
dx
dx dx dx
d
du
( cu ) = c
dx
dx
d
dv
du
( uv ) = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
dw
dv
du
( uvw) = uv + uw + vw
dx
dx
dx
dx
d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx )
=
dx v
v2
d n
n 1 du
u
=
nu
( )
dx
dx
dF dF du
(Regla de la Cadena)
=
dx du dx
du
1
=
dx dx du
dF dF du
=
dx dx du
x = f1 ( t )
dy dy dt f 2 ( t )
=
=
donde
dx dx dt
f1( t )
y = f 2 ( t )
DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
du dx 1 du
d
=
( ln u ) =
dx
u
u dx
d
log e du
( log u ) =
dx
u dx
log e du
d
( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1
dx
u
dx
d u
du
e ) = eu
(
dx
dx
d u
du
a ) = a u ln a
(
dx
dx
d v
du
dv
+ ln u u v
u ) = vu v 1
(
dx
dx
dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO
d
du
( sen u ) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
( cos u ) = sen u
dx
dx
d
du
( tg u ) = sec2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( ctg u ) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
dx
dx
d
du
( csc u ) = csc u ctg u
dx
dx
d
du
( vers u ) = sen u
dx
dx
DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
1
d
du
( sen u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
d
du
( cos u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
d
du
( tg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
1
d
du
( ctg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
1
d
du + si u > 1
( sec u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx si u < 1
1
d
du si u > 1
( csc u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1
du
1
d
( vers u ) =
dx
2u u 2 dx
dx
1 + u 2 dx
-1
+
d
1
du
si cosh u > 0
cosh 1 u =
, u >1
-1
dx
u 2 1 dx
si cosh u < 0
d
1
du
, u <1
tgh 1 u =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
1
du
, u >1
ctgh 1 u =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
1
d
du si sech u > 0, u 0,1
sech 1 u =
1
dx
u 1 u 2 dx + si sech u < 0, u 0,1
d
1
du
csch 1 u =
, u0
dx
u 1 + u 2 dx
INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS,
PROPIEDADES
a
b
{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx
a
b
a
a
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
a
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
b
f ( x ) dx = 0
b
m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
a
m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M
f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a , b ]
b
f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
INTEGRALES
adx =ax
af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx
( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx
udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes )
u
du =
u n +1
n 1
n +1
du
u = ln u
e du = e
u
a u a > 0
a du = ln a a 1
u
au
ua du = ln a u ln a
u
1
= ln tgh u
2
ue du = e ( u 1)
ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
u
INTREGRALES DE FRAC
1
u
log a udu =ln a ( u ln u u ) = ln a ( ln u 1)
u2
u log a udu = 4 ( 2 log a u 1)
u2
u ln udu = 4 ( 2 ln u 1)
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO
1
du
u
= tg
a
+ a2 a
1
u
= ctg
a
a
du
1 ua
u 2 a 2 = 2a ln u + a
du
1 a+u
a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u
du
= sen
a2 u2
du
du
a2 u 2
du
u
a
au
sen bu du =
au
e cos bu du =
e au ( a sen bu b cos bu )
a2 + b2
e au ( a cos bu + b sen bu )
a2 + b2
ALGUNAS SERIES
f ( n ) ( x0 )( x x0 )
n!
f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f '( 0) x +
= u sec u cosh u
u2 1
= u csc u + cosh u
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP
)
)
f '' ( x0 )( x x0 )
f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) +
< a2 )
udu = ( ctg u + u )
1
u
ln
a a + a2 u 2
1
a
u u 2 a 2 = a cos u
1
u
= sec
a
a
u 2
a2
u
2
2
2
a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a
2
u 2
a
2
2
2
2
2
u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a
MAS INTEGRALES
udu =
(u
= ln u + u 2 a 2
u 2 a2
u 1
sen 2u
2 4
u 1
2
cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u
2
tg udu = tg u u
ctg
> a2 )
u
a
= cos
INTEGRALES CON
sen
(u
( n)
( 0) x
2!
f '' ( 0 ) x
: Taylor
2
2!
: Maclaurin
n!
x 2 x3
xn
+
+ +
+
2! 3!
n!
3
5
7
x
x
x
x 2 n 1
n 1
sen x = x +
+ + ( 1)
3! 5! 7!
( 2n 1)!
ex = 1 + x +
cos x = 1
x2 x4 x6
+
+
2! 4! 6!
+ ( 1)
n 1
x 2n2
( 2n 2 ) !
n
x 2 x3 x 4
n 1 x
+
+ + ( 1)
2
3
4
n
2 n 1
x3 x5 x7
n 1 x
tg x = x +
+ + ( 1)
3
5
7
2n 1
ln (1 + x ) = x