Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Tune Les
Tune Les
C. Sagaseta
Universidad de Cantabria
Santander, Espaa
05/06. Tn.
Contenido:
Tipos de tneles:
En suelo y en roca
Excavacin manual y mecanizada
Contornos
Agua
Proceso constructivo
3-D/2-D. Alivio
05/06. Tn.
Tipos de tneles
Con tuneladora
Sin tuneladora
Rocas
Suelos
Con tuneladora
T.B.M.
Escudo
Sin tuneladora
Explosivos, rozadora,
NMA, Bernold, ...
Fases, NMA,
prebveda, ...
05/06. Tn.
05/06. Tn.
Tuneladoras de roca
(1950 - )
Escudos de suelos
(1850 - )
(1960 - )
(1980 - )
05/06. Tn.
Rocas:
Excavacin con
explosivos
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05/06. Tn.
Grippers
Gatos de empuje
Cortadores
Guiado
Manual
Automtico
Arranque
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05/06. Tn.
Escudos
05/06. Tn.
10
Escudo
excavador
11
05/06. Tn.
12
05/06. Tn.
13
05/06. Tn.
14
05/06. Tn.
15
Caso
bsico:
Tensiones
iniciales
0
0
N=
0 a
cu
Cavidad
a
p = qN q + cN c
N 0 = (sin revestir, a = 0 ) =
si = 0 N q = 1 Nc =
p q
c
0
cu
Mximo valor de N 0 ?
N = N 0 1 a
0
05/06. Tn.
N0 =
0
cu
0
=
cu
'0
'0
sat
sum
(0, 2 0,4)
2
= (5 10)
0
,
2
( 0,4 )
16
1.0
Inicio plastificacin
0.8
Exec
c u / 0 = 0.1
0.6
0.4
0.2
(5.0)
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.5
(2.0)
(3.3)
(2.5)
/2G
0
cu
1
ua = 2G ( 0 a ) = 2G N
=
a =
a = cu e N 1
2G
para
N 1
para
N 1
05/06. Tn.
17
Interaccin terreno-revestimiento
Presin, p
Desplazamiento, u
Equilibrio
Rotura revestimiento
rot
eq
ur a
=
a
kr
a =
= 1 ( ) = 1 N
a
u a 2G 0
2I r
=
a = 1 e N 1
2I r
para
N 1
para
N 1
05/06. Tn.
18
Interaccin terreno-revestimiento
Presin, p
Desplazamiento
previo, ua0
Presin en
el frente
Desplazamiento, u
1
Equilibrio
Rotura revestimiento
rot
u r ua ua 0 a
=
=
a
a
k
eq
=
u a
=
a =
a =
1
( a ) = 1 N
2G 0
2I r
1 N 1
e
2I r
para
N 1
para
N 1
ua0/a
05/06. Tn.
19
1
Revestimiento rgido
Revestimiento flexible
05/06. Tn.
Equilibrio
20
10
1
Revestimiento secundario
rot
Sostenimiento primario
eq
Degradacin total
0
ua0/a
Desplazamiento relativo de la pared (convergencia), ua/a
05/06. Tn.
21
d
u
ud
u0
/
a
u d = u0 + ad (u u 0 )
u0 = 0u
0 = 0,25
u0/a
u/a (elstico)=0/2G
u/a (elastoplstico)
u/a
Homotecia 1/
d/a
ma
ad = 1
ma + d
Elstico : m = 0,75 ; = 1
05/06. Tn.
22
11
10
Values of
pi / po:
0.0
0.2
For h a = :
0.4
pi
1
N i = N 0 1
I
I
p
r
0
r
s =
pi
1 e Ni 1 = 1 e N0 1 p0 1
Ir
Ir
Ir = G / su = 100
0.6
( N i 1)
( N i 1)
0.8
2
Tunnels in clay.
3
4
5
6
7
Gross overload factor, N0 = p0 / su
Ground loss
Elastic
range
1.0
8
10
05/06. Tn.
23
Deformaciones. Asientos
Soluciones empricas
Soluciones analticas
05/06. Tn.
24
12
Zonas alejadas
Las deformaciones se atenan con la distancia
Escaso nmero de factores, la profundidad variable de primer orden
Distribucin de
movimientos
distantes
Deformaciones
inmediatas al
tnel
05/06. Tn.
25
p o = z
h
Deformacin radial
ko po
Ovalizacin
Mo vimiento
vertica l, s z /a
Ovaliza cin,
C ontraccin
ra dia l,
u0
05/06. Tn.
u( )
v( )
uo
a
u' max
a
Ovalizacin relativa =
sz / a sz
Descenso uniforme = = uo
sz
26
13
3*i
3*i
-2*i
-i
2*i
Asiento en superficie
S max
Pto de max
curvatura
S=0.22*Smax
Pto de inflexin
S=0.61*Smax
Area de asientos:
sz ( x) = smax e
= 2 ismax 2,5ismax
x2
2 i2
05/06. Tn.
27
(0,-h)
sr
r2
P(x,z)
r1
(0,h)
sr =
V 2 a 2
=
2r
r
s x = a2 2 + 2
r24
r1 r2
x
x 2 + h2
h
s z ( x ) = 2 a 2 2
x + h2
s x ( x ) = 2 a2
z
z
2z x 2 z22
s z = a 2 21 22 +
r24
r1 r 2
05/06. Tn.
28
14
s r
k
+ s r = 0 sr =
r
r
r
Material compresible
sr
sr = m
r
s r
+ sr
r
s r
=
sr
r
vol =
max
1 + sen
m =
1 sen
s x ( x ) = s max
(x
s z ( x ) = smax
(x
+1
1
+1
05/06. Tn.
29
Formulation (1)
Pure radial contraction
s x = a
1
1
a 1
x ' 2 + 2 4 x' z' z '2 4
h r'1 r'2
r' 2
1
1
a 1
sz = a z '1 2 + 2 4 x'2 z ' 4
h r '1 r '2
r' 2
Ovalization
(Sagaseta, 1987)
a x'
h 1 + x '2
a 1
= 2 a
h 1 + x '2
sx( z =0 ) = 2 a
sz( z=0 )
xi ' = i
h
4
4
h r '1
r'2
r'62
Additional :
2
2
2
2
2
2
s = a a z ' x' z'1 + x' z'2 4 z' z' 3 x' z'2
1
2
z
h r'14
r '42
r '62
05/06. Tn.
30
15
Formulation (2)
Soil volumetric strains
a) Basic case (incompressible) :
s
s
k
vol = r + r = 0 sr =
r
r
r
r
Radial
displacement, sr
b) Compressibility (dilatancy) :
Ground loss
1 + sin
m =
1 sin
05/06. Tn.
31
Formulation (3)
Combined effect
sx
a
2 a
h
2 1
+
sz
a
2 a
h
2 1
05/06. Tn.
x'
2 r'12
x ' 2 z '12
x'
1
2
2
r '1 2 r ' 2
x '2 z '22
1
+
r '22
2 r '22 r '22
r ' 42
z '1
2 r'12
1
2r ' 22
x ' 2 z '12
z'
1
+ 22
2
r '1 2 r' 2
x ' 2 z ' 22
1 +
r ' 22
3 x ' 2 z '22
x' 2 z' 22
2 (z '+ )
+
4
'
'
z
z
2
r '42
r' 22
(.. cont.)
32
16
Formulation (4)
Combined effect (cont.)
At the surface ( z = 0 ) :
a
sx = 2a
h
a
sz = 2a
h
Exponent :
2 1
(1 + x ' )
2 1
x'
(1 + x' )
1 x '2
1 +
1 + x '2
1 x '2
1 +
1 + x'2
05/06. Tn.
33
Ground
Tunnel data
Surface
settlements
Vs
(%)
s max
(mm)
(%)
(%)
Reference
Stiff clay
29.4
2.07
Open shield
1.6
6.5
1.2
0.84
0.7
1.0
Thunder Bay
Soft clay
10.7
1.24
Open shield
8.3
50
7.5
7.5
1.0
1.0
Heathrow express
Stiff clay
19
4.25
Open face
1.5
40
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.0
Sewer. Bangkok
Clay
Phienwej, 1997
18.5
1.33
Open face
3.8
12
3.4
3.4
1.0
1.0
25
5.6
Open face
0.8
30
2.4
2.4
1.0
1.5
Sewer. Cairo
14
2.6
1.2
15
0.75
0.6
0.8
1.0
Clay
Soft clay
10
1.8
EPB shield
3.1
30
0.95
3.34
3.5
1.0
Soft clay
12.75 2.0
EPB shield
3.6
30
0.4
1.8
4.5
1.0
Romo, 1997
Silt, sand 16
0.162 0.355
2.2
1.7
- 0.121 0.000
0.0
1.7
3.13
Slurry shield
()
Silt, sand 13
3.13
Slurry shield
()
0.041 0.355
8.7
0.015 0.076
5.1
(): The first row of values is for the passage of the tunnel face, the second one for the incremental movements due to the
tail grout and third one the final (accumulated) displacements
05/06. Tn.
34
17
INCL. I-17
0
Measured, tail passage
Measured, after grouting
Theory, tail passage
Theory, after grouting
INCL. I-14
10
Depth (m)
Settl. Heave
Parameters:
Tail pass. Final
0.162% 0.041%
0.355% 0.355%
1.7
1.7
20
Scale:
2mm
30
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Distance to tunnel axis (m)
10
15
05/06. Tn.
35
5.0
Summary of
measured
movements
Extension of
Madrid Metro
1995-99
Tertiary
3.0
CT
2.0
1.0
-1.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Cover in Tertiary / Diameter ratio, CT/D
3.0
Number of sections
14
05/06. Tn.
12
10
Total: 57 sections
Interval for histogram: 2 mm
8
6
4
2
0
-20
-10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Maximum settlement, s max (mm)
80
90
100
36
18
Aplicaci
Aplicacin a casos reales (3D)
Singapur (Shirlaw, Dazhi, Ganeshan y Hoe, 2000)
Arcilla NC
-20
Trial No.3
SP13
Measured
Theory (3D)
SP1
-15
-10
-5
1m
2m
2m
Parameters:
Given:
h = 7,0 m
3
Vi = 2,0 m
Fitted:
= 0,4
v = 1,5
SP14
3
4
5
6
7
8
Distance to injection point (m)
10
SP12
05/06. Tn.
37
Aplicaci
Aplicacin a ensayos en centr
centrfuga (2D)
(Lee, 2001)
-5
-4
Heave (mm)
-3
-2
Parameters:
Given:
Vi = given
=1
Fitted:
= 2.0
-1
0
35 mm
-150
05/06. Tn.
Test
Theory, 2D
-100
-50
35 mm
C
0
Distance (mm)
50
100
150
38
19
05/06. Tn.
39
05/06. Tn.
Contornos
Agua
Proceso constructivo
3-D/2-D. Alivio
40
20
Contornos:
Simetras
Lateral
Fondo
05/06. Tn.
41
Agua:
05/06. Tn.
42
21
Proceso
constructivo:
05/06. Tn.
43
05/06. Tn.
44
22
Kielbassa y
Duddeck, 1991
(IJRMMS)
05/06. Tn.
45
Kielbassa y
Duddeck, 1991
(IJRMMS)
05/06. Tn.
46
23
0. 0 m surf ac e
A
15 m
tunnel diamete r = 10 m
-45 .0 m bedrock
05/06. Tn.
47
ANALYSIS A
Calculated displacements of point A, B, C, D [mm]
A
15 m
= 10 m
0.3 m
C
05/06. Tn.
Dvert.
ST1
-50
-115
62
-24
-80
ST2
-48
-110
64
-21
-79
ST3
ST4
-53
-46
-116
-111
62
67
-25
-20
-79
-82
ST5
-56
-118
60
-27
-79
ST6
ST7
-51
-48
-115
-114
62
63
-26
-24
-81
-83
ST8
-48
-114
63
-24
-83
ST9
-45
-111
62
-22
-82
ST10 -44
ST11 -50
-110
-115
68
62
-19
-24
-83
-80
ST12 -47
-114
63
-24
-83
Dhoriz.
48
24
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-10
-20
-30
ST1
ST2
ST3
ST4
ST5
ST6
ST7
ST8
ST9
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn.
49
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
ST1
ST2
ST3
ST4
ST5
ST6
ST7
ST8
ST9
-40
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn.
50
25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
ST1
ST3
ST4
ST5
ST6
ST7
ST8
ST9
-140
-160
-180
-200
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn.
51
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
ST1
ST1a
ST2
ST2a
ST3
ST4
ST5
ST6
ST7
ST8
ST9
-60
Schweiger (2002)
05/06. Tn.
52
26