EL PRESENTE SIMPLE DEL VERBO TO BE

El verbo to be es el nico verbo completamente irregular del ingls.

En su forma afirmativa, tiene las siguientes formas plenas que se pueden agrupar, sobretodo en la
expresin oral en:
Ingles
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are

Espaol

Im
Youre
Hes
Shes
Its
Were
Youre
Theyre

Yo soy, estoy
Tu eres, estas
El es, esta
Ella es, esta
El / ella, es, esta
Nosotros somos, estamos
Ustedes son, estan
Ellos son, estan

Las formas interrogativa y negativa del verbo to be se construyen sobre la base de la estructura
afirmativa.
Para construir una pregunta, solo tenemos que invertir el orden del verbo y del sujeto.
Las formas reducidas no se utilizan para hacer preguntas con el verbo to be:
Am i?
Are You?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are you
Are they?

Para construir la forma negativa, introduciremos la negacin not en la frase afirmativa, despus del
verbo. Existen tambin unas formas reducidas que combinan el verbo con la negacin:
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are not
You are not
They are not

Im not
You arent
He isnt
She isnt
It isnt
We arent
You arent
Theey arent

Ejercicios
Put in am / is / are:
1. She ___is_____ a teacher.
2. We __________ hungry.
3. Luke __________ late.
4. They __________ Spanish.
5. You __________ happy.
6. I __________ thirsty.
7. It __________ cold.
8. She __________ German.
9. He __________ early.
10. We __________ tired.
11. You __________ beautiful.
12. I __________ hot.
13. I __________ from London.
14. You __________ a doctor.
15. Emily __________ my sister.
16. He __________ in the garden.
17. They __________ on the bus.
18. We __________ friends.
19. I __________ 25 years old.
20. She __________ sick.
______Jane a teacher? No, she _________. She _______ a doctor.
______ you American? No, I__________. I_______ Australian.
______John and Paul at home? No, they __________. They _________ at the university.
______the book on the table? No, it isn't. It ________ on the chair.
______ your father from Madrid? No, he __________. He _______ from Barcelona.

Forma interrogativa y negativa del verbo TO BE

1..Your brother's a doctor. (Frase negativa)
Your brother isn't a doctor.
2. Teachers are on holiday in August. (Frase interrogativa)
are teachers on holiday in august?
3. its late. (Frase interrogativa)
is it late?
4. You're from Denmark. (Frase negativa)
you aren't from denmark.
5. They're my friends. (Frase negativa)
they aren't my friends.
6. I'm late for class. (Frase interrogativa)

am i late for class?

7. You're at home this weekend. (frase interrogativa)
are you at home this weekend?
8. This seat's free. (frase interrogativa)
is this seat free?
9. She's married. (frase negativa)
she isn't married.
10. Mary's happy here. (frase negativa)
mary isn't happy here.

Traduccin de frases con el verbo TO BE

1. Cuntos aos tienes? Tengo 18 aos.
How old are you? I'm 18.
2. Jane es mi profesora de ingls.
Jane's my English teacher.
3. No tengo sed.
I'm not thirsty.
4. Hoy hace mucho calor.
Today it is very hot.
5. Soy alemn.
I'm german.
6. Tu hermano no est en casa.
Your brother isn't at home.
7. Tengo mucha hambre.
I am very hungry.
8. Mis amigos son felices.
My friends are happy.
9. Tu padre no es muy alto.
Your father isn't very tall.
10. Este ejercicio no es difcil.
This exercise isn't difficult.
1. What is your name? (name)
My name's Sarah.
2.Where are you from? (from)
I'm from Scotland.
3. Where is Scotland? (Scotland)
Scotland is in the north of the U.K.
4. How old are you? (old)
I'm 33 years old.
5. What is your job? (job)
I'm a doctor.
6. Are you married? (married)
No, I'm single.
7. When is your birthday? (birthday)
My birthday is on April 23rd.
8. What is the time? (time)
It's almost 10 o'clock.

Las formas del presente: El Present Simple

El Present Simple es una de las formas del presente en ingls. Se utiliza en referencia a
situaciones que ocurren con regularidad o situaciones permanentes. Por lo tanto,
normalmente lo utilizamos acompaado de adverbios de frecuencia (usually, often, never
etc.) o expresiones como every (day, week, Monday etc.) o on (Mondays, Tuesdays etc.). En
la prxima leccin insistiremos en estas expresiones.
Formas del presente:
Forma afirmativa
El infinito del verbo + s para la 3ra persona del singular. (he, she, it)
I work (trabajo)
You work
He Works
She Works
It Works
We work
You work
They work

I have (tener)
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have

Forma interrogativa

Auxiliar DO/DOES + sujeto +verbo (sin la marca -s de la 3ra persona del singular)
Do i work?
Do you work?
Does he Work?
Does she Work?
Does it Work?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work?

Do i have?
Do you have?
Does he have?
Does she have?
Does it have?
Do we have?
Do you have?
Do you have?

Forma negativa
Sujeto + Auxiliar DONT / DOESNT+ verbo (sin la marca -s de la 3ra persona del singular)
I do not have
I dont have
You do not have
You dont have
He does not have
He doesnt have
She does not have
She doesnt have
It does not have
It doesnt have
We do not
We dont have
You do not have
You dont have

They do not have

They dont have

Importante
El uso de los auxiliares para formar preguntas en el presente es obligatorio y la entonacin
no es suficiente. Esto se aplica a todo los verbos simples excepto al verbo TO BE que es el
nico que no necesita un auxiliar.
Are you /we/they Spanish?
Is he/she/it from Barcelona?
Reglas de ortografa de la 3era persona del singular
La mayora de los verbos aaden s a la forma del infinitivo:

sit sits; sleep sleeps

Excepciones:

Cuando el infinitivo acaba en consonante + y, se tiene que cambiar la y por

una i y aadir -es: try tries; cry cries; fly flies

Pero cuando el verbo acaba en vocal + y, se respeta la regla de base (infinitivo+s):

enjoys; stay stays

enjoy

Los verbos que en infinitivo acaban en s, -z, -ch, -sh,-x aaden la

terminacin es: miss misses; buzz buzzes; watch watches; wash washes; mix
mixes

Hay tres verbos irregulares: have has / do does /

go goes

El Present Simple: Las expresiones de frecuencia

Como hemos visto en la leccin de la semana pasada, la forma simple del presente, marcada
por la terminacin s en la 3ra persona del singular, se utiliza para hablar de situaciones que
ocurren con cierta frecuencia. Muy a menudo, la frase contiene tambin alguna expresin
para indicar la repeticin o periodicidad de la situacin.
Hay dos grandes categoras:

Los adverbios de frecuencia

never
hardly ever
sometimes
often
always

0%
nunca
casi nunca
a veces
frecuentemente
siempre

100%
Estos adverbios se colocan siempre delante del verbo principal, es a decir, el verbo que
tiene un significado y que hace referencia a una accin. Por lo tanto hay que aprender a
distinguir entre el verbo principal y el auxiliar (do / does; dont / doesnt).
I always play tennis.
He doesnt often go to the cinema.
Do you usually get up early at the weekend?
Cuidado con los adverbios never y hardly ever.
Estas expresiones tienen un significado negativo en ingls y, si las utilizamos, la frase no
podr contener una negacin.
He hardly ever goes to the cinema No va casi nunca al cine. (en castellano, la doble
negacin es posible)
Hay una excepcin a la regla: el verbo TO BE. Con este verbo, los adverbios de frecuencia se
sitan siempre detrs.
Im often happy.
He isnt always at home.

Las expresiones de frecuencia como on (Mondays), in

(morning/afternoon/evening),at night, at the weekend, in (July)

the

Normalmente estas expresiones se colocan al final de la frase, aunque en algunas ocasiones

tambin se pueden colocar al principio de la frase.
I play tennis at the weekend.
In the morning, he gets up at 7 oclock, he has a shower and he has breakfast.