INSTITUTO DE IDIOMAS - UNIVERSIDAD DEL NORTE

LINKING WORDS (CONNECTORS)

GIVING EXAMPLES
e.g.
for example/ instance

por ejemplo

namely
such as, as
i.e. (that is)

tal(es) como
esto es

ADDING INFORMATION -COMPARING

tambin
too, also, as well
tampoco
not either, neither
no slo sino (tambin)
not only but (also)
otro punto es
another point is
Lo que es ms
What's more
as well as
as como
y
and
apart from
in addition (to)
adems (de)
besides
moreover
furthermore
both
ambos, los dos
both and
tanto... como
just as / as
del mismo modo que
likewise
de la misma manera
in the same way
similarly
de manera similar
compared to/with
comparado con
in comparison
en comparacin
SUMMING UP, CONCLUDING
En pocas palabras,
In short,
En breve,
In brief,
In sum,
En resumen,
In summary,
In conclusion,
En conclusin,
To conclude,
Para concluir,
To summarise,
Para resumir,
To sum up,
On the whole,
En general, En conjunto,
As I have said,
Como he dicho
As has been noted
Como se ha notado
In other words,
En otras palabras,

SEQUENCING IDEAS
Firstly,
Primero,
First (of all),
Primero que todo,
Para comenzar,
To begin with,
Inicialmente,
Initially,
at first
al principio

GIVING REASONS AND RESULTS

Hence
De ah que
Thus,
As, Por eso,
Therefore,
Por lo tanto, Por esto,
Because of (this)
Por esto, Debido a (esto)
due to, owing to
debido a, a causa de
due (owing) to the
debido al hecho que
fact that
porque
because
porque, pues, puesto que
for
for this reason
por esta razn
as, de este modo,
so

The first step /stage /

point is

El primer paso es

begins with
Beforehand,
Before this,
Formerly,
Prior to this,
Earlier,
Previously,
at the same time
Simultaneously,
during
meanwhile, while
in the meantime
as
later
Then,
Next,
The next step

comienza con

El siguiente paso

after (that / this)

despus (de eso / esto)

afterwards
Subsequently

Posteriormente

In the next /following

stage

En el siguiente paso

Soon after,

Poco tiempo despus,

despite the fact that

as soon as

tan pronto como

una vez que
de nuevo, otra vez
El primero,
El ltimo,

yet, however
nevertheless
nonetheless
but

once
again

The former,
The latter,
Finally,
Lastly,
Eventually,
In the end,

Antes de esto, Antes,

Previamente,
al mismo tiempo
Simultneamente,
durante
mientras que
mientras tanto
a medida que
ms tarde
Luego, Entonces,
A continuacin,

Finalmente,
Eventualmente, Con el
tiempo,
Al final,

Last, but not least,

ltimo en orden pero no en

importancia,

The last step is

l ltimo paso es

Some sources:
"Buillding English Proficiency - Foundations 2", Publicaciones Uninorte
http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/process.html

so then

as que/pues, de modo que

Then
consequently
as a result
accordingly
since
as
This means that

entonces, Por esto,

en consecuencia
como resultado
por consiguiente
ya que, dado que
Esto significa que

CONTRASTING IDEAS
aunque, aun cuando, si
although, though
bien, sin embargo
aun cuando / aun si
even though/if
while
aunque, mientras
whereas
mientras que
a pesar de
in spite of, despite
in spite of the fact that

unlike
on the other hand
otherwise,
On the contrary,
rather than
instead of
In contrast,
On the contrary,
as opposed to

http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html
http://www.uefap.com/speaking/function/instruct.htm

EXPRESSING OPINION
I would say that
Yo dira que
In my view,
En mi opinin,
In my opinion,
Desde mi punto de vista,
From my point of view,
I believe that
Yo creo que
Personally,
Personalmente,
Apparently,
Aparentemente,
I think that
Yo pienso que...
It seems to me that Me parece que
I would argue that
Yo argumentara que
Yo no pienso que
I don't believe that

CLARIFYING YOUR OPINION

By this I mean
Con esto quiero decir
Here I'm referring to

Aqu me estoy refiriendo a

To be more precise,
That is to say

Para ser ms preciso,

Es decir

MAKING CONCESSIONS
Of course, many
Por supuesto, mucha
(some) people argue gente (algunos) dice(n)
that
que
Admittedly,
Hay que admitir (reconocer)
While
Aunque

pese al hecho que

sin embargo, aun as, a
pesar de esto, no
obstante,
pero, sino
a diferencia de,
contrariamente a
por otra parte
de otro modo,
por el contrario, de lo c.
en vez de, antes que
En contraste,
Por el contrario,
al contrario de

EXPRESSING PURPOSE
so as to (go)
in order to (go)
so as not to
in order not to (go)
so that

para (ir), a fin de (ir)

para no (ir), a fin de no (ir)
para que, a fin de que

EXPRESSING MANNER
in such a way that

in a careful way

de tal manera/modo que

despacio, con cuidado, etc.
de una manera cuidadosa

with care/precision

con cuidado/precisin

slowly, carefully, etc.