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Codigo Procesal Civilymercantil Comentado
Codigo Procesal Civilymercantil Comentado
CIVIL Y MERCANTIL
COMENTADO
Presentacin
El Consejo Nacional de la Judicatura es el ente al que la Constitucin de la Repblica delega
la responsabilidad de capacitar a Magistrados y Jueces, una misin que cumple, en los ltimos
aos, con especial nfasis.
Por ello, tras la aprobacin y posterior entrada en vigencia del Cdigo Procesal Civil
y Mercantil, el CNJ ha impulsado una capacitacin sobre la nueva normativa para la
comunidad jurdica del pas y como complemento entrega esta obra comentada, que sin duda,
ser de vital apoyo para comprender los objetivos que persigue la Ley y los nuevos procesos.
Esta obra coordinada por el Consejo Nacional de la Judicatura constituye un primer esfuerzo
por documentar un cambio de legislacin que sustituye a ms de 100 aos de la anterior
normativa, una razn por la que el estudio, anlisis y revisin del cumplimiento de los
objetivos trazados, al momento de aprobar el nuevo Cdigo, debe ser permanente, sobre todo
XWZY]MTIXZnK\QKIVW[X]MLMQVLQKIZTIVMKM[QLILLMZMITQbIZUWLQKIKQWVM[
Sin duda alguna, los argumentos y explicaciones contenidas en este texto, elaborado desde
la ptica y experiencia de los autores, servirn a los miembros de la comunidad jurdica
MV OMVMZIT XMZW M[XMKQITUMV\M I TW[ WXMZILWZM[ R]LQKQITM[ XIZI KTIZQKIZ TI OIUI LM
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una imposicin de criterios.
Los comentarios al Cdigo Procesal Civil y Mercantil han sido elaborados por tres expertos
en esta materia:
Dr. Juan Carlos Cabaas Garca: Magistrado de la Audiencia Nacional de Espaa y experto
en Derecho Constitucional.
Repblica de El Salvador
Consejo Nacional de la Judicatura
Escuela de Capacitacin Judicial
Dr. Arturo Zeledn Castrillo
ESCUELA DE
C A PA C ITA C IO N
NDICE
LIBRO PRIMERO.
DISPOSICIONES GENERALES
1
2
3
4
15
Artculos 169-192
Captulo Cuarto. Comunicaciones Judiciales
Artculos 193-211
Captulo Quinto. Sustanciacin del Proceso y Audiencias
Artculos 212-231
Capitulo Sexto. Resoluciones Judiciales
Artculos 232-238
Capitulo Sptimo. Nulidad de las Actuaciones Procesales
LIBRO SEGUNDO.
235
LIBRO TERCERO.
PROCESOS ESPECIALES
1
2
3
4
LIBRO CUARTO.
485
531
LIBRO QUINTO.
LA EJECUCION FORZOSA
1
2
3
4
635
LIBRO SEXTO
DISPOSICIONES FINALES1
actualizacin
de
695
ANEXOS
1
698
ABREVIATURAS
AA.VV.
art./arts.
*7--[XI}I
c./cs.
cc.
C.C.
C.Com.
Cfe.
+/8
C.A.D.H.
C.I.D.H.
Corte I.D.H.
C.I.D.I.P.
cit./cits.
C.M.P.C.I.
C.N.
C.P.
C.P.P.
+8+
+8+5
+8+1\ITQI
+8+4I8IUXI
+8+8MZ
C.P.C.C.N.A.
C.P.C.M.I.
C.P.P.
C.S.J.
C.N.J.
CT
CTri
ed.
Ed.
E.J.E.A.
autores varios
artculo/artculos
*WTM\yV7KQITLMT-[\ILW-[XI}I
caso/casos
concordante/concordantes
Cdigo Civil
Cdigo de Comercio
conforme
+~LQOW/MVMZITLMT8ZWKM[W=Z]O]Ia
Convencin Americana sobre Derechos Humanos
Comisin Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Corte Interamericana de Derchos Humanos
Convencin Interamericana de Derecho
Internacional Privado
citado/citados
Cdigo Modelo de Procesos Colectivos para
Iberoamrica
Constitucin de la Repblica
Cdigo Penal
Cdigo Procesal Penal
+~LQOWLM8ZWKMLQUQMV\W+Q^QTXWZLMZWOIZ[M
+~LQOW8ZWKM[IT+Q^QTa5MZKIV\QTV]M^W
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+~LQOW8ZWKM[IT+Q^QTLM4I8IUXI)ZOMV\QVI
+~LQOW8ZWKM[IT+Q^QT8MZ
Cdigo Procesal Civil y Comercial de la Nacin
Argentina
Cdigo Procesal Civil Modelo para Iberoamrica
Cdigo Procesal Penal
Corte Suprema de Justicia
Consejo Nacional de la Judicatura
Cdigo de Trabajo
Cdigo Tributario
edicin
Editorial
Editorial Jurdica Europa-Amrica
esp.
f./fs.
inc./incs.
I.I.D.P.
J.C.
J.M.
4-+
L.E.N.J.V.D.
L.I.
L.O.P.J.
L.P.F
LBHES
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4/8
LITBMyPS.
LMCA.
LOFGR.
LPEAT.
LPIPA.
LPI.
4;)
num./nums.
ob. cit.
p./pp.
p. ej.
P.G.R.
R.D.P.I.
:-8]MZ\W:QKW
R.P.C. Puerto Rico
especialmente
foja/fojas
inciso/incisos
Instituto Iberoamericano de
Derecho Procesal
Juzgado de lo Civil
Juzgado de lo Mercantil
4MaLM-VR]QKQIUQMV\W+Q^QT-[XI}I
Ley del ejercicio notarial de la jurisdiccin
voluntaria y de otras diligencias
Ley de Inquilinato
Ley Orgnica del Poder
Procesal de Familia
Ley del Banco Hipotecario de El Salvador
Ley de la Financiera Nacional de la
Vivienda y de las Asociaciones de Ahorro y
Prstamo
4Ma/MVMZITLM8]JTQKQLIL-[XI}I
Ley de Impuesto a la Transferencia de
Bienes Muebles y a la Prestacin
de Servicios
Ley de Mediacin, Conciliacin y Arbitraje
Ley Orgnica de la Fiscala General de la
Repblica
Ley de Procedimientos Especiales sobre
Accidentes de Trnsito
Ley de Propiedad Inmobiliaria por Pisos y
Apartamientos
Ley de Propiedad Intelectual
4MaLM;QUXTQKIKQ~V)L]IVMZI
numeral/numerales
obra citada
pgina/pginas
por ejemplo
Procuradura General de la Repblica
Revista de Derecho Procesal
Iberoamericana
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Reglas de Procedimiento Civil (Puerto
:QKW
R.U.D.P.
S.
S.C.
S.Const.
S.S.C.
S.S. Const.
s/f.
ss.
t.
trad.
T.E.D.H.
T.C.E.
lt. ob. cit.
v.g.
vol.
vta.
B87
LIBRO PRIMERO
DISPOSICIONES GENERALES
TTULO PRELIMINAR
PRINCIPIOS DEL PROCESO Y APLICACIN
DE LAS NORMAS PROCESALES.
CAPTULO PRIMERO
PRINCIPIOS PROCESALES
Juan Carlos Cabaas Garca
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15
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QVKWILI MRMZKMZ \WLW[ TW[ IK\W[ XZWKM[ITM[ Y]M M[\QUM KWV^MVQMV\M[ XIZI TI LMNMV[I LM []
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Aplicacin:
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R]ZQ[LQKKQWVITXWZMTY]MMTKQ]LILIVW[WTQKQ\ILMTW[\ZQJ]VITM[LMR][\QKQITIKWUXW[QKQ~VLM
]VKWVQK\WLMQV\MZM[M[QZZM[]MT\WY]M\QMVMKWV]VIWUn[XMZ[WVI[-[\MLMZMKPWO]IZLI
KQMZ\I[QUQTQ\]LMV[]MV]VKQILWKWVMTLMZMKPWITI\]\MTIR]LQKQITY]MZMKWVWKMXWZMRMUXTW
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16
17
Enunciado:
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LMKQ[Q~VLMTI[K]M[\QWVM[LMJI\QLI[MVMTXZWKM[W
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TMaaIKZMLQ\ILIMVTW[PMKPW[8MZW[WJZM\WLW]VI^Mb[MPIVKWUXTM\ILWTW[\ZnUQ\M[LMT
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ITKWVQK\WLMQV\MZM[M[XTIV\MILW[QVY]MTMY]MXIR][\QKIZMT[QTMVKQWKWUWZM[X]M[\I-T
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aILUQVQ[\ZI\Q^I[IVKQWVILWZIXIZIMTR]bOILWZ
Enunciado:
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O
Aplicacin:
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OMVMZITIY]QMVM[IK\IVMVTW[XZWKM[W[LMTXIOWIT-[\ILWLM]VQUX]M[\WZMKIZOW]W\ZW
\QXWLMQUXW[QKQ~VMKWV~UQKIXWZMTUMZWPMKPWLM[WTQKQ\IZTIIK\]IKQ~VLMTW[\ZQJ]VITM[-T
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18
Enunciado:
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WZLMVIUQMV\WR]ZyLQKW[QVY]MX]MLIVLM[KWVWKMZTI[VQLM[WJMLMKMZTI[
<WLWR]MbIQV[\IVKQILMXIZ\MWLMWKQWLMJMZnM`IUQVIZXZM^QIUMV\MTIKWV[\Q\]KQWVITQLIL
LMTI[VWZUI[LMK]aI^ITQLMbLMXMVLITI\ZIUQ\IKQ~VLMK]ITY]QMZXZWKM[WWMTN]VLIUMV\W
LM TI[ LMKQ[QWVM[ Y]M ILWX\MV MV MT UQ[UW# a [Q ITO]VI LM MTTI[ KWV\ZILQKM TI VWZUI\Q^I
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WTQJMZ\ILM[N]VLIUMV\ITM[VW[]Z\QZnVMNMK\W
O
Aplicacin:
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]VITKIVKMIUXTQWXIZ\MI[yLMTI+WV[\Q\]KQ~VXIZIIJZIbIZ\IUJQuVMTUIZKWLMTI[VWZUI[
LMZIVOWTMOITaMV[]KI[WZMOTIUMV\IZQI[
-V M[\M IZ\ [M ZMKWOM TI ^QOMVKQI LMT QUXMZQW LM TI TMOITQLIL LM[LM MT X]V\W LM ^Q[\I LMT
N]VLIUMV\W LM \WLI[ TI[ LMKQ[QWVM[ R]LQKQITM[ MT K]IT VW X]MLM [MZ W\ZW Y]M TI[ N]MV\M[
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Y]M[M\ZI\MTWY]M[QOVQKIKWUW[]VWUJZMQVLQKIVWY]MMT~ZOIVWR]LQKQITX]MLIQV^ITQLIZ
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I TI ;ITI +WV[\Q\]KQWVIT LM TI +WZ\M ;]XZMUI MV MT nUJQ\W LM [][ KWUXM\MVKQI[ [QVW Y]M
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19
Enunciado:
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K~LQOWTI[Y]MVWXWLZnV[MZIT\MZILI[XWZVQVOV[]RM\WXZWKM[IT
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VITQLILXMZ[MO]QLI
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XZWKM[W[MZQRIVXWZTWM[\IJTMKQLWLMUIVMZIXZM^QIXWZMT+~LQOW[QVY]MX]MLIVZMTIRIZ[MW
QVIXTQKIZ[M[][ZMOTI[VQM`KMXKQWVIZ[MVQUWL]TIZ[MMTKWV\MVQLWLMTI[UQ[UI[I^WT]V\ILLMT
R]MbaLMTI[XIZ\M[+WVQVLMXMVLMVKQII[yLM[QMTQVK]UXTQUQMV\WLM]VZMY]Q[Q\WXZWKM[IT
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TIXW[QJQTQLILLMWX\IZMV\ZMLW[KWVL]K\I[XW[QJTM[XWZMRN]MZW[\MZZQ\WZQITM[MTMK\Q^W[X]M[
QVKT][WMV\WVKM[VW[MPIKM[QVWIK\]IZLMV\ZWLMTW[TyUQ\M[LMTWXMZUQ\QLWTMOITUMV\M
8WZT\QUWK]IVLWNIT\MZMO]TIKQ~VM[XMKyKI[WJZMMTUWLWLMTTM^IZIKIJW]VIK\WLMXIZ\M
WLMTR]MbLQ[XWVMM[\MIZ\LMT+~LQOWY]MMT~ZOIVWR]LQKQITLMJMZn\MVMZMVK]MV\I[M
MV\QMVLMY]MXWZIVITWOyIIY]MTTINWZUITQLILY]MZM[]T\MIR][\ILIITKWV\M`\WLMTIK\WaITI
VITQLILY]M[MXMZ[QO]MKWVuT
20
Enunciado:
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QV\MZ^QVQMVLWMVTI[IK\]IKQWVM[aIZ\QK]TIVLWTW[UMLQW[LMXZ]MJIXMZ\QVMV\M[-V\WLWKI[W
KILIXIZ\M\QMVMLMZMKPWIKWV\IZKWVTIWXWZ\]VQLILLMM`XWVMZ[]IZO]UMV\IKQ~VaZMJI\QZ
TILMTIKWV\ZIZQIa[~TWK]IVLWM`XZM[IUMV\MTWLQ[XWVOITITMaXWLZnVILWX\IZ[MLMKQ[QWVM[
[QVWyZXZM^QIUMV\MI]VILMTI[XIZ\M[
O
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TWY]MQV\MZM[MITIXZM\MV[Q~VLMKILIXIZ\MMVKILIM[\ILWLMTXZWKMLQUQMV\WTWY]MQUXTQKI
Y]M VW X]MLM VMOIZ[M QVR][\QKILIUMV\M MT MUXTMW LM ]V \ZnUQ\M ] WXWZ\]VQLIL XZWKM[IT
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K]IVLWTITMaTWLQ[XWVOIXQuV[M[MMVTW[QV\MZZWOI\WZQW[WZITM[NWZUITQbIZZMK]Z[W[XMLQZ
TIMRMK]KQ~VLMTWIKWZLILWaILWX\IZIY]MTTI[UMLQLI[KI]\MTIZM[Y]MIXIZMbKIVTMOITUMV\M
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LMV\ZWLMTXZWKM[WKWVNWZUM[MWK]XMTIXW[QKQ~VZM[XMK\Q^ILMLMUIVLIV\MWLMUIVLILW
[QV XMZR]QKQW LM ZMKWVWKMZ Y]M \IUJQuV M[\M T\QUW MT []RM\W XI[Q^W VW [~TW \QMVM LMZMKPW
I WXWVMZ[M I TI XZM\MV[Q~V LML]KQLI MV [] KWV\ZI [QVW \IUJQuV a LMV\ZW LM KQMZ\W[ TyUQ\M[
I QV\ZWL]KQZ I[QUQ[UW [][ XZWXQI[ XZM\MV[QWVM[ XWZ MR XWZ UMLQW LM ]VI ZMKWV^MVKQ~V#
a Y]M \IUJQuV MT IK\WZ X]MLM VMKM[Q\IZ KWV\ZILMKQZ NZMV\M I TW ITMOILW XWZ MT LMUIVLILW
MV QVKQLMV\M[ a ZMK]Z[W[ UWV\ILW[ XWZ M[\M T\QUW )[QUQ[UW M[\W[ \ZM[ LMZMKPW[ LMNMV[I
I]LQMVKQI KWV\ZILQKKQ~V [~TW X]MLMV KMLMZ W ^MZ[M [IKZQKILW[ \MUXWZITUMV\M K]IVLW
XWZZIbWVM[LM]ZOMVKQIZM[]T\MVMKM[IZQWILWX\IZ]VIUMLQLIXZW^Q[WZQI[QVM[K]KPIZITI[
XIZ\M[WITUMVW[IITO]VILMMTTIXMZWMV\WVKM[LMJMZnZM[\IJTMKMZ[Ma posterioriMTLMZMKPWLM
I]LQMVKQIXIZITI^MZQKIKQ~VWTM^IV\IUQMV\WLMTIUMLQLIMV\IT[MV\QLWPIJZnY]M^MZMT
ZMKWZZQLWKWV[\Q\]KQWVITN]\]ZWLM]VXZMKMX\WKWUWMTIZ\+8+5Y]MLMUWLWOMVuZQKW
[]XZQUMMT\ZnUQ\MLMI]LQMVKQIXZM^QWITIILWXKQ~VLM\WLI[TI[UMLQLI[KI]\MTIZM[
Enunciado:
4I[XIZ\M[LQ[XWVLZnVLMTW[UQ[UW[LMZMKPW[WJTQOIKQWVM[KIZOI[aXW[QJQTQLILM[XZWKM[ITM[
L]ZIV\MMTLM[IZZWTTWLMTXZWKM[W
21
Aplicacin:
4I QO]ITLIL MV MT XZWKM[W LM^QMVM MUQVMV\MUMV\M ]VI QO]ITLIL NWZUIT VW UI\MZQIT 4I[
XIZ\M[ MV\ZIV IT TQ\QOQW ZWLMILI[ LM ]VI[ KQZK]V[\IVKQI[ XMZ[WVITM[ XZWXQI[ Y]M TI[ PIKM
LQ^MZ[I[ MV\ZM [y a Y]M MT XZWKM[W MV [y UQ[UW VW M[\n TTIUILW I UWLQKIZ [Q IKI[W TI[
KWV[MK]MVKQI[UI\MZQITM[LMTI[MV\MVKQILMNWVLW
,MTWY]M[M\ZI\IMVM[\MnUJQ\WY]MIPWZI[MKWUMV\IUn[JQMVM[LMY]MTI[XIZ\M[PIVLM
OWbIZLMTI[UQ[UI[WXWZ\]VQLILM[LMITMOIKQ~VaXZ]MJILMV\ZWLMTXZWKM[WY]MTW[IK\W[LM
u[\W[VWX]MLMVQZMVKIUQVILW[INI^WZMKMZI]VI[WTILMMTTI[#Y]MMTR]MbVWPILMXZMR]bOIZ
MTLM[MVTIKMLMTIKWV\QMVLIMVVMVN]VKQ~VITIXW[QKQ~VLM]VWaW\ZWKWV\MVLQMV\M
-VWKI[QWVM[QVKT][WTITMa\QMVMY]MQV\ZWL]KQZKQMZ\W[UMKIVQ[UW[LMLM[QO]ITLILUI\MZQIT
MV\ZMXIZ\M[LMV\ZWLMTI litisR][\IUMV\MKWVMTVLMI[MO]ZIZIY]MTTIQO]ITLILNWZUIT<IT
M[MTKI[WLMO]ZI[\IVLQ[XIZM[XMZWM`XTQKIJTM[LM[LMM[\IXMZ[XMK\Q^IKWUWMTJMVMKQW
LM R][\QKQI OZI\]Q\I XIZI Y]QMV KIZMKM LM ZMK]Z[W[ MKWV~UQKW[ a TI ZM^Q[Q~V LM [MV\MVKQI
ZUMITLMUIVLILWY]MXWZZIbWVM[LMN]MZbIUIaWZVWX]LWKWUXIZMKMZaLMNMVLMZ[MMV
la instancia.
,MJMO]IZLIZTIVWZUIMVM[\W[KI[W[[QMUXZM]V[MV\QLWLMTIXZWXWZKQWVITQLIL\IV\WMV
K]IV\WITVJ][KILWKWUWITW[MNMK\W[Y]M[MLM[XZMVLIVLM[]IXTQKIKQ~VXZMKQ[IUMV\M
XIZIVWKZMIZ]VUITUIaWZY]MIY]MTY]MXZM\MVLyIKWZZMOQZ
Enunciado:
4IQVQKQIKQ~VLM\WLWXZWKM[WKQ^QTWUMZKIV\QTKWZZM[XWVLMIT\Q\]TIZLMTLMZMKPW[]JRM\Q^W
W QV\MZu[ TMOy\QUW Y]M [M LQ[K]\M MV MT XZWKM[W# a LQKPW \Q\]TIZ KWV[MZ^IZn [QMUXZM TI
LQ[XWVQJQTQLILLMTIXZM\MV[Q~V
4I[XIZ\M[XWLZnVMNMK\]IZTW[IK\W[LMLQ[XW[QKQ~VQV\ZIXZWKM[ITM[Y]MM[\QUMVKWV^MVQMV\M[
\MZUQVIZ MT XZWKM[W ]VQTI\MZITUMV\M W XWZ IK]MZLW MV\ZM TI[ UQ[UI[ a ZMK]ZZQZ LM TI[
ZM[WT]KQWVM[Y]MTM[[MIVOZI^W[I[LMKWVNWZUQLILITWLQ[X]M[\WMVM[\M+~LQOW
O
Aplicacin:
)XIZMKMVMVM[\MXZMKMX\WTI[UIVQNM[\IKQWVM[Jn[QKI[LMTXZQVKQXQWLQ[XW[Q\Q^WWLMR][\QKQI
ZWOILIJIRWMTY]M[MOWJQMZVIVTW[XZWKM[W[ZMOQLW[XWZMT+8+5,MUIVMZIM`XZM[I[M
22
Enunciado:
4W[PMKPW[MVY]M[MN]VLIUMV\MTIXZM\MV[Q~VaTIWXW[QKQ~VY]M[MKWVWKMMVMTXZWKM[W
[~TWXWLZnV[MZQV\ZWL]KQLW[ITLMJI\MXWZTI[XIZ\M[
4IIK\Q^QLILXZWJI\WZQILMJMZMKIMZM`KT][Q^IUMV\M[WJZMTW[PMKPW[IZUILW[XWZTI[XIZ\M[
WXWZTW[Y]M\QMVMVTIKITQLILLM\MZKMZW[LMKWVNWZUQLILITI[LQ[XW[QKQWVM[LMM[\MK~LQOW
MV[]KI[W#MVKWV[MK]MVKQIMTR]MbVWXWLZn\WUIZMVKWV[QLMZIKQ~V]VIXZ]MJI[WJZMPMKPW[
Y]MVWP]JQMZIV[QLWIZUILW[WLQ[K]\QLW[XWZTI[XIZ\M[W\MZKMZW[
4IXZWXW[QKQ~VLMTIXZ]MJIKWZZM[XWVLMM`KT][Q^IUMV\MITI[XIZ\M[W\MZKMZW[#[QVMUJIZOW
ZM[XMK\W LM XZ]MJI Y]M aI N]M LMJQLI a WXWZ\]VIUMV\M IXWZ\ILI a KWV\ZW^MZ\QLI XWZ TI[
XIZ\M[MTR]MbXWLZnWZLMVIZLQTQOMVKQI[XIZIUMRWZXZW^MMZKWVMTVLMM[KTIZMKMZITOV
X]V\WW[K]ZWWKWV\ZILQK\WZQWLMKWVNWZUQLILITWLQ[X]M[\WMVM[\M+~LQOW
23
Aplicacin:
+WV J]MVI \uKVQKI XZWKM[IT MT +~LQOW [MXIZI KWUW PMUW[ ^Q[\W MV MT IZ\ TW Y]M M[ MT
XZQVKQXQWLQ[XW[Q\Q^WLMIY]MTW\ZWXZQVKQXQWLMIXWZ\IKQ~VMVM[\MIZ\Y]M\QMVMY]M^MZ
LMUIVMZIUn[KWVKZM\IKWVTIQUXW[QKQ~VITI[XIZ\M[LMTIKIZOILMITMOIKQ~VaXZ]MJILM
TW[PMKPW[N]VLIV\M[LM[][XZM\MV[QWVM[;QJIRWMTXZQVKQXQWLQ[XW[Q\Q^WLM[K]JZQUW[Y]M[WV
TI[XIZ\M[aVWMT\ZQJ]VITY]QMVM[LM\MZUQVIV[WJZMY]uZMTIKQ~VWM[\ILWR]ZyLQKWY]QMZMV
Y]M[MLQ[K]\IaKWVY]uITKIVKMWJRM\Q^WXWZUWZLMTXZQVKQXQWLMIXWZ\IKQ~V[IJMUW[IPWZI
\IUJQuVY]MMT~ZOIVWR]LQKQIT\IUXWKWX]MLMIa]LIZITI[XIZ\M[IKWVNMKKQWVIZMTZMTI\W
LMTW[PMKPW[R]ZyLQKIUMV\MZMTM^IV\M[aY]M[QZ^MVXIZI[W[\MVMZ[][ZM[XMK\Q^I[XM\QKQWVM[
LM\]\MTIVQXZWXWVMZY]uUMLQW[LMKWV^QKKQ~VX]MLMVZM[]T\IZUn[\QTM[aMKIKM[XIZITI
LMUW[\ZIKQ~VLMTI^MZIKQLILLMIY]MTTI[IZUIKQWVM[TWY]MUn[ILMTIV\M\QMVM[]KWZZMTI\W
MVTWLQ[X]M[\WMVMTIZ\LMTXZWXQW+~LQOW
A I[y [QV ZWUXMZ KWV M[\M M[\ILW LM KW[I[ UIV\MVQMVLW MT R]Mb ]VI XW[QKQ~V M[MVKQIT LM
WJ[MZ^ILWZM`\MZVWITIQVQKQI\Q^ILMXZ]MJII]VY]MKWVXTMVQ\]LLMNIK]T\ILM[XIZIXZW^MMZ
M[W [y I TI XZnK\QKI LM IY]MTTI[ Y]M XMLQLI[ XZM^QIUMV\M XWZ TI[ XIZ\M[ IXIZMKMV KWUW
XMZ\QVMV\M[\QTM[aVWQTyKQ\I[I]\WZQbIKWV\WLWM[\MIZ\+8+5MV[]T\QUWXnZZINWTI
O]ZILMTI[TTIUILI[LQTQOMVKQI[XIZIUMRWZXZW^MMZK]aIVITQLILMV\WLWKI[WVWM[TILM
[]XTQZTIVMOTQOMVKQILMTI[XIZ\M[MV[]KIZOILMXZWXW[QKQ~VLMXZ]MJI[[QVWTILMI]`QTQIZ
IT XZWXQW \ZQJ]VIT MV TI QV\MTMKKQ~V LM TI[ XZ]MJI[ aI XZIK\QKILI[ K]IVLW ITO]VI IZZWRI
L]LI[XMZQKQITM[W[K]ZI[WIUJQO]I[XWZMRMUXTW8MZUQ\QMVLWMVLMVQ\Q^IITR]MbWZLMVIZ
LM WKQW M[I[ LQTQOMVKQI[ [QV Y]M TI[ XIZ\M[ X]MLIV WXWVMZ[M I MTTW I TW []UW ZMK]ZZQZ TI
[MV\MVKQI[QKWV[QLMZIVY]MPIPIJQLWM`KM[WLMR]ZQ[LQKKQ~VWY]MTI[]X]M[\ILQTQOMVKQIVW
PIKM[QVW[][\Q\]QZITIXIZ\MKWV\ZIZQIMV[]KIZOIXZWJI\WZQIZM[XMK\Q^I
Enunciado:
<WLI XMZ[WVI W I]\WZQLIL M[\n MV TI WJTQOIKQ~V LM KWTIJWZIZ KWV TI R][\QKQI K]IVLW [MIV
ZMY]MZQLI[ XIZI MTTW -V KWV[MK]MVKQI I Y]QMV [M VQMO]M I KWTIJWZIZ [M TM QUXWVLZn ]VI
U]T\IK]aWUWV\W[MOVTIOZI^MLILLMTKI[W[MRIZnMV\ZMKQVKWaLQMb[ITIZQW[UyVQUW[
Un[IT\W[^QOMV\M[;QMTPMKPWN]MZMKWV[\Q\]\Q^WLMLMTQ\WMTR]MbKMZ\QKIZnTWKWVL]KMV\MI
TI.Q[KITyI/MVMZITLMTI:MXJTQKI
O
Aplicacin:
4I TMa LMVM TW[ LQ[\QV\W[ UWLW[ MV Y]M PI LM XZWL]KQZ[M MT LMJMZ LM KWTIJWZIKQ~V IT Y]M
IT]LMM[\MXZMKMX\WaY]M^QVK]TI[MOVMTKI[W\IV\WITI[XIZ\M[KWUWITW[\MZKMZW[Y]M
LMJMV ZMITQbIZ ]VI IK\Q^QLIL W IXWZ\IZ ]VI QVNWZUIKQ~V \QT IT XZWKM[W \M[\QOW[# XMZQ\W[#
\MZKMZW[Y]MZMKQJMV]VIVW\QKIKQ~VR]LQKQITLMTLMUIVLILW#WY]MLMJMVPIKMZM`PQJQKQ~V
de un documento relevante en la litis M\K 6W [M \ZI\I IY]y LMT K]UXTQUQMV\W LM ]VI
24
Enunciado:
4I[XIZ\M[[][ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[[][IJWOILW[aMVOMVMZITK]ITY]QMZXIZ\yKQXMMVMTXZWKM[W
LMJMZnV IK\]IZ KWV ^MZIKQLIL TMIT\IL J]MVI NM a XZWJQLIL XZWKM[IT -T R]Mb XZWK]ZIZn
QUXMLQZ\WLIKWVL]K\IY]MQUXTQY]MIK\Q^QLILQTyKQ\IWOMVMZMLQTIKQ~VQVLMJQLILMTXZWKM[W
4I QVNZIKKQ~V LM TI[ WJTQOIKQWVM[ LM ^MZIKQLIL TMIT\IL J]MVI NM a XZWJQLIL XZWKM[IT [M
[IVKQWVIZn KWV TI KWVLMVI MV KW[\I[ a KWV MT ZM[IZKQUQMV\W LM TW[ LI}W[ a XMZR]QKQW[ Y]M
P]JQMZIKI][ILWMTQVNZIK\WZ#[QVXMZR]QKQWLMY]MMTR]MbZMUQ\IITI;MKKQ~VLM1V^M[\QOIKQ~V
8ZWNM[QWVITLMTI+WZ\M;]XZMUILM2][\QKQITIZM[XMK\Q^IKMZ\QKIKQ~V[WJZMTIKWVL]K\ILM
TW[IJWOILW[QV\MZ^QVQMV\M[
;QTIQVNZIKKQ~VN]M[MKWV[\Q\]\Q^ILMTLMTQ\WLMNIT[MLILMTR]MbKMZ\QKIZnTWKWVL]KMV\MITI
.Q[KITyI/MVMZITLMTI:MXJTQKI
O
Aplicacin:
8WZ TW Y]M ZM[XMK\I I TI[ XIZ\M[ a I Y]QMVM[ TI[ ZMXZM[MV\IV a LMNQMVLMV MV R]QKQW
ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[TMOITM[^WT]V\IZQW[aLMTIJWOILWY]MMRMZKQ\ITIXW[\]TIKQ~VQUXWVMMTIZ\
IUWTLIZ[]KWUXWZ\IUQMV\WITW[LMJMZM[LM"
I >MZIKQLIL"VW[M\ZI\I\IV\WLM]V[MV\QLWIJ[WT]\WLMT\uZUQVWX]M[ZM[]T\ILQNyKQT
Y]M TI[ XIZ\M[ XWZ MRMUXTW VW QVK]ZZIV MV QUXZMKQ[QWVM[ a MZZWZM[ NZMK]MV\M[ IT
IZ\QK]TIZMTZMTI\WLM[][ITMOIKQWVM[IKMZKILMK~UWWK]ZZQMZWVTW[PMKPW[LMTKI[W
TWY]MM`XTQKIILMUn[Y]MLMJIM`Q[\QZ]VINI[MLMXZ]MJITW[PMKPW[VW[M\QMVMV
XWZ ^MZLIL XWZY]M [y I UMVW[ Y]M TI W\ZI XIZ\M TW[ ILUQ\I ;M \ZI\I MV M[\M IZ\
[WJZM\WLWLMVWIUXIZIZMTMVOI}WaMTNIT[MIUQMV\WKWV[KQMV\MLMTW[LI\W[
ZMTM^IV\M[ IT XZWKM[W MUXMbIVLW XWZ TI QLMV\QKIKQ~V LM TI XIZ\M KWV\ZIZQI MV TI
LMUIVLIKWVMTVLM[IKIZ]VXZW^MKPWM[X]ZQWLMTIUMV\QZIY]MTILMUIVLIVWTM
M[IVW\QKILIM\K6W[MX]MLMUIVQX]TIZKWVN]VLQZVQMV\WZXMKMZKWV[KQMV\MUMV\M
TI TIJWZ LMT ~ZOIVW R]LQKQIT a [Q I[y [M PIKM MT []RM\W M[\IZn QVK]ZZQMVLW MV ]VI
KWVL]K\IXZWPQJQLI
J 4MIT\IL"M[]V[QV~VQUWLMTI\ZQJ]\WIV\MZQWZ[]IV\y\M[Q[[MZyITI\ZIQKQ~VaMTNZI]LM
)]VY]MKILIXIZ\MUIV\QMVM[]XZWXQIXW[QKQ~VMVTIKWV\QMVLIaVW\QMVMXWZY]u
KMLMZ MV [][ TMOy\QUI[ XZM\MV[QWVM[ VQ KWUXIZ\QZ [] M[\ZI\MOQI LM LMNMV[I KWV []
25
*]MVINM"IT]LMI]VIZMK\Q\]LaPWVZILMbMVTW[IK\W[IKWUXWZ\IZ[MKWVNWZUM[M
M[XMZILMKILIXIZ\M1UXTQKIY]MVW[MLMJM[W[\MVMZIY]MTTWY]MKWV[KQMV\MUMV\M
[M [IJM KWV\ZIZQW I TI TMa a I TI ZMITQLIL LM TI[ KW[I[ VQ I XZWK]ZIZ ]V XMZR]QKQW
QTMOy\QUWWQTMOITITIKWV\ZIXIZ\M
L 8ZWJQLILXZWKM[IT"TIXZWJQLILM[[QV~VQUWLMPWVZILMbaXWZ\IV\WLMTIJ]MVINM
XZWKM[IT
;MOV[M[M}ITIILMUn[MVM[\MIZ\+8+5TIQVNZIKKQ~VLMM[\W[M[\nVLIZM[LMKWV[]T\I
XWLZn[MZZMXMTQLILMLQ^MZ[I[UIVMZI[JQMV[MIUMLQIV\MTIQUXW[QKQ~VLMKW[\I[^MZIZ\
XnZZINW[MO]VLWaXnZZINWXZQUMZWLMT+~LQOW#[MIUMLQIV\M]VIKWVLMVIXWZLI}W[
aXMZR]QKQW[aMVMTKI[WLMTIJWOILW[]XW[QJTMZM[XWV[IJQTQLILKQ^QTXMVITaLMWV\WT~OQKI
LQ[KQXTQVIZQI[QO]QMVLWMTR]MbTW[KWVL]K\W[WKQITM[Y]MIY]y[MXZM^uVXIZIKILI[Q\]IKQ~V
Enunciado:
-V TW[ XZWKM[W[ KQ^QTM[ a UMZKIV\QTM[ TI[ IK\]IKQWVM[ [M ZMITQbIZnV LM NWZUI
XZMLWUQVIV\MUMV\M WZIT [QV XMZR]QKQW LM TI LWK]UMV\IKQ~V LM TW[ IK\W[ XZWKM[ITM[ Y]M
LMJIVPIKMZ[MKWV[\IZXWZM[KZQ\WaLMTI[IXWZ\IKQWVM[LWK]UMV\ITM[Y]MMVM[\MK~LQOW[M
M[\IJTMKMV
O
Aplicacin:
;M}ITIM[\MIZ\ +8+5TIZMOTIY]MT]MOWLM[IZZWTTIMT+~LQOWITZMO]TIZKILI]VWLMTW[
XZWKM[W[MVMT[MV\QLWLMXZQUIZTIZMITQbIKQ~VWZIT^MZJITLMTI[ITMOIKQWVM[aTI[XZ]MJI[
\IV\WMV[]QV\MZ^MVKQ~VXWZTI[XIZ\M[KWUWXWZMT\Q\]TIZLMT~ZOIVWR]LQKQITI[yTII]LQMVKQI
XZMXIZI\WZQILMTR]QKQWKWUVWTILMXZ]MJILMu[\MaLMTIJZM^QILW
,M\WLW[UWLW[LMJMVLMRIZ[MI[IT^WaI[yTWPIKMM[\IVWZUIY]MVWZMKWOMTIWZITQLIL
IJ[WT]\IIY]MTTW[IK\W[Y]MXWZ[]KWUXTMRQLILTITMaXZMMZMY]M[MXZM[MV\MVXWZM[KZQ\W
LMUIVLI LM TW[ XZWKM[W[ LMKTIZI\Q^W[# QV\MZXW[QKQ~V LM ZMK]Z[W[# [WTQKQ\]L LM UMLQLI[
KI]\MTIZM[aMRMK]KQ~VNWZbW[INZMV\MIIY]MTTW[W\ZW[LWVLMTIWZITQLIL[MXZM^uXWZUW\Q^W[
LM MKWVWUyI XZWKM[IT KWV\M[\IKQ~V MV MT R]QKQW IJZM^QILW a [M QUXWVM I\MVLQMVLW I TI
VI\]ZITMbIKWV^MVQMV\MUMV\MM`QJTMLMTIK\WXZWKM[ITMVIZI[INIKQTQ\IZTIJ[Y]MLILMTI
^MZLILZMITLM[IZZWTTWLMTW[QV\MZZWOI\WZQW[LMXZ]MJI
26
Enunciado:
4I[I]LQMVKQI[LM\WLW[TW[XZWKM[W[XZM^Q[\W[MVM[\M+~LQOW[MZnVXJTQKI[[IT^WY]MMT
R]MbLMWKQWWIQV[\IVKQILMXIZ\MLQ[XWVOITWKWV\ZIZyWXWZZIbWVM[LM[MO]ZQLILVIKQWVIT
LMUWZITWLMWZLMVXJTQKWWLMXZW\MKKQ~VLMTIXZQ^IKQLILLMITO]VILMTI[XIZ\M[
4IZM[\ZQKKQ~VLMTIX]JTQKQLILLMTI[I]LQMVKQI[LMJMZnIKWZLIZ[MMVZM[WT]KQ~VLMJQLIUMV\M
UW\Q^ILIMVTIY]M[MXZMKQ[MVLMUIVMZIM`XZM[IaKTIZITI[ZIbWVM[LMLQKPIZM[\ZQKKQ~V
I[yKWUWTILM\MZUQVIKQ~VLMY]QMVM[ILMUn[LMTI[XIZ\M[[][IXWLMZILW[WZMXZM[MV\IV\M[
XWLZnVM[\IZXZM[MV\M[MVTI[UQ[UI[
4I[XIZ\M[[][IXWLMZILW[ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[TW[IJWOILW[aK]ITY]QMZIW\ZIXMZ[WVIY]MITMO]M
ITOVQV\MZu[R]ZyLQKIUMV\MXZW\MOQLW\MVLZnVIKKM[WITM`XMLQMV\MR]LQKQIT
O
Aplicacin:
+WV\MUXTI MT IZ\ ! LMT +~LQOW [MOV KWZZMK\IUMV\M M[XMKQKI LW[ KTI[M[ LM X]JTQKQLIL
QV\ZIXZWKM[W"TIXZQUMZILMMTTI[ZMQ\MZILIT]MOWMVMTIZ\M[TILMTI[I]LQMVKQI[WZITM[
XnZZINW[ XZQUMZW a [MO]VLW a M[ ]VI X]JTQKQLIL Y]M IJIZKI \IV\W I TI[ XIZ\M[ LMT TQ\QOQW
como a los terceros.
;]XWVMY]MMTIKKM[WITI[^Q[\I[VWLMJM[MZXZWPQJQLWWTQUQ\ILW[IT^WMTMUMV\ITM[ZIbWVM[
LM M[XIKQW Ny[QKW [QVW M[ XIZI XZW\MOMZ ]V JQMV R]ZyLQKW []XMZQWZ KWUW X]MLMV [MZ TI[
KQZK]V[\IVKQI[ZMNMZQLI[MVM[\MXnZZINWXZQUMZWZIbWVM[LM[MO]ZQLILVIKQWVITLMUWZITW
LMWZLMVXJTQKWWLMXZW\MKKQ~VLMTIXZQ^IKQLILLMITO]VILMTI[XIZ\M[
8MZUQ\M M[\I X]JTQKQLIL LM TI[ I]LQMVKQI[ MT KWVWKQUQMV\W [QU]T\nVMW LM TW IK\]ILW a
TI M^Q\IKQ~V LM K]ITY]QMZ KWVR]ZI IUI}W W IZ\QKQW MV XZM[MV\IZ KWUW ZMITQbILI ]VI
KWUXIZMKMVKQUI\MZQITUMV\MQVM`Q[\MV\M
6WX]MLMWJ^QIZ[MI[yTWY]M\WLW[PIV^Q[\WaM[W[QOVQKIY]MY]QMVM[PIVXZM[MVKQILWTI
^Q[\I[MKWV^QMZ\MVMV\M[\QOW[LQZMK\W[LMTITQUXQMbIaTMOITQLILLMTXZWKM[W
+]IVLW XWZ KWVK]ZZQZ ITO]VI LM IY]MTTI[ KI][I[ OZI^M[ [M WZLMVI TI KMTMJZIKQ~V LM TI
I]LQMVKQIIX]MZ\IKMZZILIMT\ZQJ]VITUIV\MVLZnKWUWUyVQUWTIOIZIV\yILMTIX]JTQKQLILI
TI[XIZ\M[[IT^WY]MTIKWVL]K\IQVOWJMZVIJTMLMITO]VILMMTTI[WJTQO]MIY]M[MILM[ITWRILI
LMTI[ITI[][IXWLMZILW[aZMXZM[MV\IV\M[QVKT]aMVLWI[][IJWOILW[aLQ[XWVLZn[Q[MTM
XMZUQ\MMTIKKM[WIITO]QMVUn[IKI[WLMUIVMZIVMKM[IZQIQV\MZ^MVKQ~VLM\M[\QOW[aXMZQ\W[
27
Enunciado:
-TR]MbLMJMZnXZM[QLQZXMZ[WVITUMV\M\IV\WTIKMTMJZIKQ~VLMI]LQMVKQI[KWUWTIXZnK\QKILM
TW[UMLQW[XZWJI\WZQW[Y]MLIVLWM`XZM[IUMV\MXZWPQJQLITILMTMOIKQ~VLMLQKPIXZM[MVKQI
[W XMVI LM V]TQLIL QV[]J[IVIJTM# M`KMX\W K]IVLW TI LQTQOMVKQI XZWJI\WZQI LMJI ZMITQbIZ[M
N]MZILMTIKQZK]V[KZQXKQ~VLMT\ZQJ]VITMVK]aWKI[WMTR]MbXWLZnMVKWUMVLIZTIUMLQIV\M
KWUQ[Q~VXZWKM[ITLMJQMVLWMTR]MbLMTMOILWXZM[QLQZTIXZnK\QKILMTIUQ[UI
O
Aplicacin:
:M[]T\I\IRIV\MM[\MIZ\LMT+8+5IT[IVKQWVIZTITTIUILIQVUMLQIKQ~V[]JRM\Q^IR]LQKQIT
XIZILQ[\QVO]QZTILMTIWJRM\Q^I"XZMNMZMVKQILMXZ]MJI[LQZMK\I[NZMV\MIQVLQZMK\I[ITIY]M
\IUJQuVIT]LMXWZKQMZ\WMT+~LQOW"^MZIZ\MV\MVLQLIKWUWLMJMZLMTR]MbLMXZM[QLQZ
TI[I]LQMVKQI[aXZM[MVKQIZTIXZnK\QKILMTI[XZ]MJI[LMTI[Y]MT]MOWLMJMZnPIKMZIVnTQ[Q[
MV[][MV\MVKQIILMUn[LMQV\MZ^MVQZMVLQKPWIK\WMVMTMRMZKQKQWLM[][NIK]T\ILM[LMKWV\ZWT
QVILUQ[Q~VLMXZ]MJI[aXZMO]V\I[QUXMZ\QVMV\M[aIKTIZIKQ~VITI[XIZ\M[\M[\QOW[aXMZQ\W[
K]IVLWLMKTIZIV
+WUW LQKM M[\M LQ[XW[Q\Q^W [W XMVI LM V]TQLIL QV[]J[IVIJTM [Q I[y VW WK]ZZQMZM TW K]IT
ZMUIKPIT]MOWMTIZ\LMUIVMZIKWVKWZLIV\M
-[\WPILMQVKT]QZTW[KI[W[LM[][\Q\]KQ~VLMTR]MbIV\M[LMLQK\IZ[M[MV\MVKQIXWZK]ITY]QMZ
UW\Q^WTMOITR]JQTIKQ~V\ZI[TILWM\KMVK]aI\M[Q\]ZILMJMZMXM\QZ[MTII]LQMVKQIXZWJI\WZQI
KWV MT V]M^W R]Mb W TW[ UIOQ[\ZILW[ [Q MZI IV\M ]VI +nUIZI LM ;MO]VLI 1V[\IVKQI a [M
[][\Q\]a~ITO]VW
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MTIK\WLMXZ]MJIKWUWM[TINIT\ILMR]ZQ[LQKKQ~VQV\MZVIWTIVMKM[QLILLMXZIK\QKIZIY]uTTI
MVMTM`\ZIVRMZWI\ZI^u[LMTW[UMKIVQ[UW[LMKWWXMZIKQ~VQV\MZVIKQWVIT^MZIZ\+8+5
28
Enunciado:
4W[IK\W[XZWKM[ITM[[MZMITQbIZnVKWVTIUIaWZXZW`QUQLIL\MUXWZITMV\ZMMTTW[LMJQMVLW
MT R]Mb KWVKMV\ZIZ MV ]VI UQ[UI [M[Q~V \WLW[ TW[ IK\W[ Y]M [MI XW[QJTM ZMITQbIZ# I[QUQ[UW
XZWK]ZIZnLMKQLQZMV]VIUQ[UIZM[WT]KQ~V\WLW[TW[X]V\W[XMVLQMV\M[
;Q ]VI I]LQMVKQI ZMY]QMZM Un[ LM ]VI [M[Q~V [M TTM^IZn I KIJW MV TW[ LyI[ []J[QO]QMV\M[
PI[\ILIZTIXWZKWVKT]QLIX]LQuVLW[MWZLMVIZXWZMTR]MbY]MTIUQ[UIKWV\QVMMVLyI[VW
PnJQTM[
O
Aplicacin:
-TXZQVKQXQWLMKWVKMV\ZIKQ~VY]MLIXMZNMK\IUMV\MLMVQ\Q^WMVMTIZ\LMT+~LQOWLM[LM
T]MOWPI[\IMTTyUQ\MLMTWY]MX]MLMLMKQZ]VIVWZUI+WV\WLWTIKWVKMV\ZIKQ~VM`QOMT]MOW
]VITIJWZIXTQKI\Q^ILMTZM[XWV[IJTMLMILUQVQ[\ZIZR][\QKQIXZWOZIUIVLWXIZIKILIXZWKM[W
KWVKZM\WTW[IK\W[aKWUXIZMKMVKQI[WZITM[Y]MZM[]T\MVUMVM[\MZLMIK]MZLWIM[IXZW`QUQLIL
\MUXWZITY]MM`QOMTITMaXIZITI[I]LQMVKQI[LMXZ]MJI^MZIZ\!aIOW\IVLWPI[\ILWVLM
[MIXW[QJTMTIZM[WT]KQ~VLMTW[LQ^MZ[W[I[]V\W[XMVLQMV\M[MVTIUQ[UIZM[WT]KQ~VR]LQKQIT
[IT^W K]IVLW TI KWUXTMRQLIL LMT \MUI TW QUXQLI I[y WK]ZZM KWV TI LMKQ[Q~V [WJZM KQMZ\I[
M`KMXKQWVM[XZWKM[ITM[XWZMRMUXTWMVTII]LQMVKQIXZMXIZI\WZQI
6W[M}ITI[QVMUJIZOWMTXZMKMX\WK]nTX]MLM[MZTI[IVKQ~VLMZQ^ILILMTQVK]UXTQUQMV\WLM
M[\MUIVLI\WTWY]MX]MLMLQK]T\IZMVTIXZnK\QKI[]MNMK\Q^QLILUn[ITTnLMKQMZ\W[M`KM[W[
aIQVR][\QKILW[aMVK]IV\W\ITM[KWVO]ZILWZM[LMLQTIKQWVM[R]LQKQITM[KWV\ZIZQI[ITLMZMKPW
I]VIILMK]ILIXZW\MKKQ~VR]ZQ[LQKKQWVIT
Enunciado:
4ILQZMKKQ~VLMTXZWKM[WM[\nKWVILIITR]MbY]QMVTIMRMZKMZnLMIK]MZLWITWM[\IJTMKQLW
MVM[\MK~LQOW
-V KWV[MK]MVKQI LMJMZn KWVL]KQZ TW[ XZWKM[W[ XWZ TI ^yI XZWKM[IT WZLMVILI XWZ TI TMa VW
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LQ[XWVQMVLWTI[IK\]IKQWVM[WXWZ\]VI[aILMK]ILI[XIZIM^Q\IZ[]XIZITQbIKQ~VILMTIV\IVLW
[]\ZnUQ\MKWVTIUIaWZKMTMZQLILXW[QJTM#XWZ\IV\W[MZnZM[XWV[IJTMLMTIWZLMVIKQ~VLMT
XZWKM[WI[yKWUWLMK]ITY]QMZLMUWZIWKI[QWVILIXWZ[]VMOTQOMVKQI
O
Aplicacin:
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LM 5IOQ[\ZILW[ MV [] KI[W KWUW LQZMK\WZM[ LMT XZWKM[W X]M[ M[ M^QLMV\M Y]M TI TMa VW PI
29
BIBLIOGRAFA:
-V]VIWJZILMLQKILIM[XMKyKIUMV\MIIVITQbIZMTKWV\MVQLWaITKIVKMLMTI[LQ[XW[QKQWVM[
LMT V]M^W +~LQOW 8ZWKM[IT +Q^QT a 5MZKIV\QT [IT^ILWZM}W MT IVnTQ[Q[ LM LWK\ZQVI Y]MLI
KWVLQKQWVILWXWZTIIK\]ITNIT\ILMX]JTQKIKQWVM[MV\WZVWITI[QV[\Q\]KQWVM[Y]Mu[\MZMO]TI
-V^QZ\]LLMMTTWPMUW[WX\ILW[QO]QMVLWTIUM\WLWTWOyILMTW[UIV]ITM[LMTILQ[KQXTQVI
XWZ ZMKWOMZ JQJTQWOZINyI M[XI}WTI LM IXWaW IT VIT LM KILI ]VW LM TW[ JTWY]M[ \MUn\QKW[
Y]MVW[\WKI\ZI\IZXIZIY]QMVM[Y]QMZIVXZWN]VLQbIZMV[]M[\]LQWLM[LMTIXMZ[XMK\Q^ILMT
LMZMKPWKWUXIZILW\MVQMVLWMVK]MV\ILM[LMT]MOWY]M[M\ZI\I\IV[~TWLM]VIWZQMV\IKQ~V
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XIy[Y]M[MM[KWRIKWUWZMNMZMVKQI-VM[\MXZQUMZIXIZ\ILWaMVZMTIKQ~VKWVMTLMZMKPWITI
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+Q^Q\I[5ILZQL!!#+)*)k);/):+)2]IV+IZTW[+WWZLQVILWZ"Comentarios prcticos
a la nueva Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil ))>><ZQ^Q]U5ILZQL#+)*)k);/):+)
2]IV +IZTW[" :MNWZUI KITQLIL LM TI R][\QKQI a \]\MTI R]LQKQIT LM NWVLW Estudios acerca de
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a 5QVQ[\MZQW LM 2][\QKQI 5ILZQL XX !# +Z~VQKI [WJZM TI R]ZQ[XZ]LMVKQI LMT
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30
31
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34
CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES
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TIM`XZM[Q~V[QO]QMV\M"+WZZM[XWVLMM`KT][Q^IUMV\MIM[\MZOIVWTIXW\M[\ILLMR]bOIZa
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MTXZQVKQXQWLMM`KT][Q^QLILLMTIR]ZQ[LQKKQ~VM[IY]MTY]MTW[R][\QKQIJTM[\QMVMVLMV\ZWLMT-[\ILWXIZIY]MTI
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35
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1.14.5.1 Concepto y clases:
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NZI[M[[IKZIUMV\ITM[#MVM[M[MV\QLWMTVWPIJMZKWV[QOVILWTINZI[MIK\WMVVWUJZMaZMXZM[MV\IKQ~VLMY]M
LMV]VKQIVTW[ZMK]ZZMV\M[Y]MWUQ\Q~TITQKMVKQILI*;VWM[~JQKMXIZIKWV[QLMZIZY]MTIZMNMZQLIXZWNM[QWVIT
VW M[\n TMOQ\QUILI XZWKM[ITUMV\M XIZI IK\]IZ MV MT XZWKM[W X]M[ ZMQ\MZIUW[ TI TMOQ\QUIKQ~V MV\MVLQLI u[\I
KWUWTIKIXIKQLILLMIK\]IZaTI\Q\]TIZQLILXIZIMRMZKMZTW[LMZMKPW[XZWKM[ITM[Y]MTMKWZZM[XWVLMVKWUWXIZ\M
IK\WZIPI[QLWLMJQLIUMV\MIKZMLQ\ILIMVMTR]QKQWMVZIb~VLMY]MMTXWLMZOMVMZITR]LQKQITKWVY]MIK\ILQKPI
XZWNM[QWVITIOZMOILWIN[aXXKWV[\Q\]aMXZ]MJI[]KQMV\MXIZITMOQ\QUIZ[]XMZ[WVMZyIAKWV[QLMZIVLW
Y]MPIUIVQNM[\ILWMVTILMUIVLIKWUWMVTW[M[KZQ\W[XW[\MZQWZM[Y]MIK\IKWUWIXWLMZILILMTI[WKQMLIL
KWWXMZI\Q^IIV\M[UMVKQWVILIMV\WVKM[XZMKQ[WM[KWVKT]QZY]MTIQVNZIKKQ~VLMV]VKQILIVW[MPIKWVO]ZILW
MVMTKI[W[]JTQ\M
80
1.14.5.2 Clases:
1.14.5.2 Legitimacin directa:
:M[XMK\WLMTITMOQ\QUIKQ~VMV[MV\QLWM[\ZQK\WXIZILMUIVLIZa[MZLMUIVLILWXZMKMX\I
MTIZ\+8+5MV[]XnZZINWXZQUMZWY]M\MVLZnVTMOQ\QUIKQ~VXIZIQV\MZ^MVQZKWUWXIZ\M
MV]VXZWKM[WTW[\Q\]TIZM[LM]VLMZMKPWW]VQV\MZu[TMOITUMV\MZMKWVWKQLWMVZMTIKQ~VKWV
TIXZM\MV[Q~V
;MZMKWOMI[yMVM[\MLQ[XW[Q\Q^WTWY]M[MKWVWKMKWUWTMOQ\QUIKQ~VLQZMK\I]WZLQVIZQIM[\W
M[IY]MTTILWVLMMTTMOQ\QUILWIXIZMKMKWUWMT[]RM\WQV\MOZILWMVTIXZWXQIZMTIKQ~VUI\MZQIT
MV[MV\QLWTI\W"M[\ILWR]ZyLQKW[Q\]IKQ~VR]ZyLQKIWZMTIKQ~VLMTIY]MMUIVMVLMZMKPW[a
82
>MZIZ\[!!!!++
>MZXWZMRMUXTWIZ\[I! ! ! !! !
IXIZ\ILW[ a! Ia++
!)[yIZ\ !! !++
>uI[M MT IZ\ XnZZINW [MO]VLW ++" )LMUn[ TW[ IKZMMLWZM[ LMT I][MV\M \MVLZnV LMZMKPW XIZI XMLQZ Y]M [M
VWUJZMK]ZILWZITW[JQMVM[XIZIZM[XWVLMZI[][LMUIVLI[<IUJQuVMT ++XIZITW[IK\W[XZWPQJQLW[I
TW[ZMNMZQLW[K]ZILWZM["-TL]M}WLMTW[JQMVM[\MVLZnLMZMKPWXIZIY]M[MLMKTIZMTIV]TQLILLMK]ITY]QMZILM
\ITM[IK\W[
83
) K]aW \MVWZ" 4W[ IKZMMLWZM[ LM[X]u[ LM PIJMZ XMZ[MO]QLW TW[ JQMVM[ LM Y]M M[\u MV XW[M[Q~V MT LM]LWZ XIZI
ZMITQbIZK]IV\W[MTM[LMJMX]MLMVMRMZKQ\IZ\WLW[TW[LMZMKPW[aIKKQWVM[LMu[\MKWVMTUQ[UWVM`KMX\]IVLW
TW[Y]M[MIVQVPMZMV\M[I[]XMZ[WVI[QO]MT]MOWTITTIUILIIKKQ~VZM^WKI\WZQIWXI]TQIVIMVLMNMV[ILM[][
LMZMKPW["X]MLMV\IUJQuVQUX]OVIZTW[IK\W[Y]MMTLM]LWZPIaIZMITQbILWMVNZI]LMLM[]LMZMKPW
)Z\++"4W[IKZMMLWZM[LMTY]MZMX]LQIMVXMZR]QKQWLMTW[LMZMKPW[LMMTTW[XWLZnVPIKMZ[MI]\WZQbIZXWZMT
2]MbXIZIIKMX\IZXWZMTLM]LWZ-VM[\MKI[WTIZMX]LQIKQ~VVW[MZM[KQVLM[QVWMVNI^WZLMTW[IKZMMLWZM[aPI[\I
KWVK]ZZMVKQILM[][KZuLQ\W[#aMVMT[WJZIV\M[]J[Q[\M
)Z\++"6WLWVIMTY]MZMX]LQI]VIPMZMVKQITMOILWWLWVIKQ~VWLMRILMK]UXTQZTIKWVLQKQ~VIY]M
M[\n[]JWZLQVILW]VLMZMKPWM^MV\]ITI]VY]MI[yTWPIOIKWVMTWJRM\WLMJMVMKQIZI]V\MZKMZW
4W[IKZMMLWZM[KWV\WLWXWLZnV[MZI]\WZQbILW[XWZMT2]MbXIZI[][\Q\]QZ[MI]VLM]LWZY]MI[yTWPIKMPI[\I
KWVK]ZZMVKQILM[][KZuLQ\W[#aLMT[WJZIV\M[QTWP]JQMZM[MIXZW^MKPIZnMT\MZKMZW
84
4I QVQKQI\Q^I LMT 5QVQ[\MZQW .Q[KIT a LMT 1V[\Q\]\W 6IKQWVIT LMT +WV[]UW VW M[ [QOVQKI\Q^I MV TI XZnK\QKI MV MT
MRMZKQKQWLMIKKQWVM[R]LQKQITM[[yMT[MO]VLWLMMTTW[MVMTLM[XTQMO]MLMXW\M[\ILM[ILUQVQ[\ZI\Q^I[[IVKQWVILWZI[
)KZMLQ\nVLW[MIV\MMTR]MbKWUWLMKQUW[Y]MTILMUIVLI[M[][KZQJMKWUWUyVQUWXWZTIUQ\ILUn[]VWLM\WLW[
TW[INMK\ILW[K]aIQLMV\QLILLMJMKWV[\IZXZM^QIUMV\MIQV\MZXWVMZLQKPILMUIVLIMTOZ]XW\MVLZnKIXIKQLIL
XIZI [MZ XIZ\M KWUW \IT OZ]XW IZ\ 4-+ a LM WJZIZ MV MT XZWKM[W I \ZI^u[ LM Y]QMVM[ PIaIV [QLW
LM[QOVILW[LMPMKPWWMV^QZ\]LLMXIK\W[KWUW[][ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[IZ\4-+[QVQUXWZ\IZK]nTN]MZMMT
VUMZW\W\ITLMINMK\ILW[LMKMVI[WKQMV\W[LMXMZ[WVI[Y]Qbn-TOZ]XWIK\]IZnMVVWUJZMLM\WLW[M[LMKQZ
\IV\WLMTW[Y]MNWZUITQbIZWVTILMUIVLITMOQ\QUIKQ~VLQZMK\IKWUWLMTW[Y]MVWTWPQKQMZWVTMOQ\QUIKQ~V
QVLQZMK\I"IZ\4-+[QVY]MZM[]T\MXZMKQ[WZMKIJIZTIKWVNWZUQLILLMTW[I][MV\M[I]VY]M[y[MTM[LMJMZn
VW\QKIZY]M[M^IIXZM[MV\IZTILMUIVLI
8IZITI[ZMKTIUIKQWVM[IKWV[]UQLWZM[QVLM\MZUQVILW[XZWUW^QLI[KWUW[M}ITIUW[IZZQJIXWZTI[MV\QLILM[
M[XMKQITQbILI[ [M XZM^u TI X]JTQKQLIL LMT XZWKM[W MV TI XZMV[I IZ\ 4-+ XIZI NIKQTQ\IZ TI XMZ[WVIKQ~V
^WT]V\IZQILMINMK\ILW[
85
)Z\481-["4I[MV\QLILM[LMOM[\Q~V]VI^MbI]\WZQbILI[M[\IZnVTMOQ\QUILI[MVTW[\uZUQVW[Y]MZM[]T\MV
LM [][ XZWXQW[ M[\I\]\W[ XIZI MRMZKMZ TW[ LMZMKPW[ KWVILW[ I [] OM[\Q~V a PIKMZTW[ ^ITMZ MV \WLI KTI[M LM
XZWKMLQUQMV\W[ILUQVQ[\ZI\Q^W[WR]LQKQITM[
8IZIIKZMLQ\IZLQKPITMOQ\QUIKQ~VTIMV\QLILLMOM[\Q~VVQKIUMV\MLMJMZnIXWZ\IZITQVQKQWLMTXZWKM[WKWXQILM
[][M[\I\]\W[aKMZ\QKIKQ~VIKZMLQ\I\Q^ILM[]I]\WZQbIKQ~VILUQVQ[\ZI\Q^I-TLMUIVLILW[~TWXWLZnN]VLIZ[]
WXW[QKQ~VMVTINIT\ILMZMXZM[MV\IKQ~VLMTIIK\WZITII]\WZQbIKQ~VLMT\Q\]TIZLMTLMZMKPWM`KT][Q^WWMTXIOWLM
TIZMU]VMZIKQ~VKWZZM[XWVLQMV\M
)Z\481"=VTQKMVKQI\IZQWM`KT][Q^WK]aITQKMVKQI[MMVK]MV\ZMQV[KZQ\IW]VWY]M\MVOI]VITQKMVKQIWJTQOI\WZQI
WLMQV\MZu[XJTQKWXWLZnVMV\IJTIZIKKQ~VKWV\ZIK]ITY]QMZ\MZKMZWY]MKWUM\I]VIQVNZIKKQ~VLMTLMZMKPWY]M
M[WJRM\WTITQKMVKQI8IZIM[\W[MNMK\W[[QMTTQKMVKQI\IZQWVW\]^QM[MUIVLI\WLMT\Q\]TIZLMTLMZMKPWXIZIIK\]IZ
LMJMZnKWUXZWJIZITQVQKQIZTIY]MTM[WTQKQ\~IT\Q\]TIZWXZWXQM\IZQWY]MTIMV\IJTIZIuTaY]M\ZIV[K]ZZQLWUn[
LM]VUM[aVWTWPQbW-TTQKMVKQI\IZQWIV\M[LM\ZIV[K]ZZQLWLQKPWXTIbWXWLZnXMLQZY]M[M\WUMVTI[UMLQLI[
XZMKI]\WZQI[ M[\IJTMKQLI[ MV M[\M KIXy\]TW -T \Q\]TIZ LMT LMZMKPW WJRM\W LM TI QVNZIKKQ~V XWLZn IXMZ[WVIZ[M MV
I]\W[MVK]ITY]QMZ\QMUXW
86
9]MMTIK\WZIKZMLQ\ILWK]UMV\ITUMV\M[MZMT[]RM\WITY]MTIVWZUIMVM[MnUJQ\W
UI\MZQITQV^Q[\MLM[MUMRIV\MTMOQ\QUIKQ~VQVLQZMK\I
K
4I []KM[Q~V XZWKM[IT" KWUW T]MOW ^MZMUW[ IT PIJTIZ LM M[\I O]ZI ]VI ^Mb Y]M
[MXZWL]KMTILM[IXIZQKQ~VNy[QKIWMV[]KI[WR]ZyLQKILMTIXIZ\MW\QMVMT]OIZTI
\ZIV[UQ[Q~VLMTWJRM\WMVTQ\QOQWaMTTWTTMOIIKWVWKQUQMV\WLMT~ZOIVWR]LQKQIT[M
LM[MVKILMVIV \ZnUQ\M[ a MNMK\W[ XZWKM[ITM[ QVMT]LQJTM[ Y]M T~OQKIUMV\M []KMLMZnV
KWVNZMK]MVKQIIV\M[LMVITQbIZMTXZWKMLQUQMV\W
89
+WVNWZUMITIXIZ\ILW[MO]VLWLMTKQ\ILWIZ\+8+5"6WX]MLMVMRMZKMZTIXZWK]ZIKQ~V"4W[XI[\WZM[W
[IKMZLW\M[LMK]ITY]QMZK]T\W#4W[UQTQ\IZM[MV[MZ^QKQWIK\Q^W#4W[N]VKQWVIZQW[aMUXTMILW[XJTQKW[Y]M
TIJWZMVI\QMUXWKWUXTM\WM`KMX\WK]IVLWXZWK]ZMVXWZTIMV\QLILIY]MXMZ\MVMbKIVWMRMZbIVTILWKMVKQIMV
TI=VQ^MZ[QLILLM-T;IT^ILWZ#4W[XZM[QLMV\M[aLMUn[ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[QVKT][Q^MTW[I[M[WZM[R]ZyLQKW[LMTI[
1V[\Q\]KQWVM[LMKZuLQ\WVIVKQMZI[aWZOIVQbIKQWVM[I]`QTQIZM[[IT^WMVI[]V\W[XZWXQW[LMLQKPI[QV[\Q\]KQWVM[#
a4W[IJWOILW[Y]MMVTMaM[M[XMKQITM[[MTM[XZWPyJITIXZWK]ZIKQ~V
91
8WZ \IV\W MT IJWOILW KWUW ^MVQUW[ [M}ITIVLW M[ MT ^yVK]TW ZMTIKQWVIT LM []
ZMXZM[MV\ILW KWV MT ~ZOIVW R]LQKQIT a KWV TI[ LMUn[ XIZ\M[ a M[ ]VI \IZMI Y]M TM
KWZZM[XWVLMMVM`KT][Q^I[QVY]MX]MLIILUQ\QZ[MTIQV\MZ^MVKQ~VLMTXZWXQWTQ\QOIV\M
IZ\;MM`KMX\IVLMM[\IZMOTIKWUWM[VI\]ZITIZ\[QVVMa+8+5
IY]MTTW[IK\W[Y]MXWZTMaLMJIVMV\MVLMZ[MLQZMK\IUMV\MKWVTIXIZ\MIZ\KWUW
92
1.14.6.3 Delegacin:
8ZM^uTITMaXWZW\ZWTILWTIXW[QJQTQLILLMY]MMTXZWK]ZILWZX]MLILMTMOIZ[][NIK]T\ILM[
I NI^WZ LM W\ZW XZWNM[QWVIT QVQKQITUMV\M KWV ^WKIKQ~V \MUXWZIT I]VY]M I TI XW[\ZM X]MLI
ZM[]T\IZLMVQ\Q^I[QTW[UW\Q^W[Y]MTTM^IVITILMTMOIKQ~VVWKIUJQIVUW\Q^W[Y]MX]MLMV
[MZLMU]aIUXTQIyVLWTMaLMTW[Y]MVW[MXZMKQ[ILIZM`XTQKIKQ~VITO]VI4WY]MQUXWZ\I
M[ Y]M TI N~ZU]TI LM TI LMTMOIKQ~V M[\u M`XZM[IUMV\M XZM^Q[\I MV MT XWLMZ X]M[ []XWVM
]VI Z]X\]ZI \MUXWZIT W LMVQ\Q^I LM TI ZMTIKQ~V ZMXZM[MV\I\Q^I MV TI Y]M M[ M^QLMV\M MT
XWLMZLIV\M\QMVM\WLWY]MLMKQZ
4ILMTMOIKQ~VXWLZnQVKT]QZWVWMTVWUJZMLMTXZWK]ZILWZLMTMOILW-V\WLWKI[W[QVWM[I[y
aMTV]M^WXZWNM[QWVITVW[I\Q[NIKMTW[ZMY]MZQUQMV\W[LMTKTQMV\MVILIQUXMLQZnIM[\MT\QUW
TIZM^WKIKQ~VLMTXWLMZ#Y]MTW[MZnMV\WVKM[KWVMNMK\W[\IV\WXIZIMTXZWK]ZILWZWZQOQVIT
KWUWXIZIMTY]MI[]UQ~TILMTMOIKQ~V
;][XMV[Q~V \MUXWZIT LM IK\Q^QLIL IZ\ +8+5 W KM[IKQ~V LMVQ\Q^I LMT
XZWK]ZILWZMVMTMRMZKQKQWLMTIXZWNM[Q~VIZ\+8+5"
;M\ZI\IV\IV\W]VWKWUWW\ZWLMUW\Q^W[LMIXIZ\IUQMV\WNWZbW[WLMTIZMXZM[MV\IKQ~V]VI
^MbK]UXTQLWMTZMY]Q[Q\WTMOITR]JQTIKQ~VXWZMLILWMTM`XMLQMV\M[IVKQWVILWZWTI[MV\MVKQI
LMKTIZI\Q^ILM[]ZM[XWV[IJQTQLILKWVKIZnK\MZKI]\MTIZWLMVQ\Q^W
-V\ITKI[WLMJMZnXZW^MMZMT\ZQJ]VITITILM[QOVIKQ~VLMV]M^WXZWK]ZILWZMVTW[\uZUQVW[
Y]MIKIJIUW[LMZMNMZQZ
L .ITTMKQUQMV\WLMTXZWK]ZILWZ"
-VM[\MKI[WX]MLMY]M[MIMTXWLMZLIV\MY]QMVKWU]VQY]MMTPMKPWIT\ZQJ]VITWY]Mu[\M
T\QUW\MVQMVLWKWVWKQUQMV\WLMMTTWXWZW\ZWKWVL]K\WZMY]QMZIITXWLMZLIV\MXIZIY]M
MNMK\MTILM[QOVIKQ~VLMXZWK]ZILWZMVMTXTIbWLMLQMbLyI[6WLQKMVILIUn[MVM[\MX]V\W
TITMaKWVTWY]MXIZMKMLMJMUW[IXTQKIZTI[[WT]KQWVM[aIKWV\MUXTILI[IZZQJI[Q[M[]XMZI
MTXTIbWaVWPIaV]M^WXZWNM[QWVIT
;Q TI NIT\I [M IXZMKQI MV MT LMUIVLILW a VW [M []J[IVI KWUXWZ\IZn Y]M VW [M TM
X]MLI \MVMZ XWZ XIZ\M LMJQLIUMV\M KWV[\Q\]QLI [IT^W Y]M KTIZW W\WZO]M XWLMZ I
NI^WZLMW\ZWIJWOILWTWY]MKWVL]KQZnQVLMNMK\QJTMUMV\MI[MZLMKTIZILWZMJMTLM
J +IJM \IUJQuV TI LMV]VKQI I QV[\IVKQI LM XIZ\M ) M[\M ZM[XMK\W MT IZ\ XZM^u
Y]MMVTII]LQMVKQIXZMXIZI\WZQI[MZM[]MT^I[WJZMTI[M`KMXKQWVM[LMTLMUIVLILW
I\QVMV\M[ITINIT\ILMKIXIKQLILXIZI[MZXIZ\MZMXZM[MV\IKQ~VKIXIKQLILXZWKM[IT
98
99
1.14.11.2 Clases:
a. Litisconsorcio activo necesario:
- mbito:
;M XZM^u M[\I XZQUMZI UWLITQLIL MV\MVLQLI KWUW M`QOMVKQI TMOIT LM Y]M \WLW[ TW[ []RM\W[
INMK\ILW[XWZMTKWVQK\WaY]M\QMVMVY]MZMKTIUIZ]VMNMK\WR]ZyLQKWNI^WZIJTMM[\WM[KWUW
XIZ\MIK\WZILMUIVLMVKWVR]V\IUMV\MMVMTUQ[UWXTMQ\W
+WV]VITKIVKMUn[KWVKZM\WY]MMTY]M\QMVMMVTW[XZWKM[W[LMNIUQTQIY]MLITIUQ[UI
TQUQ\ILIKWVNWZUMMTIZ\+8+5IIY]MTTI[XZM\MV[QWVM[Y]M^MZ[MV[WJZM]VIZMTIKQ~V
UI\MZQITKITQKILIXWZTMaKWUWQVLQ^Q[QJTMXMZ\MVMKQMV\MI^IZQI[XMZ[WVI[MV]VIUQ[UI
XW[QKQ~VLMUWLWY]MTI[MV\MVKQIM`\MVLMZn[][MNMK\W[I\WLI[MTTI[
Por tanto y a contrario sensu MV TI[ ZMTIKQWVM[ UI\MZQITM[ M[\ILW[ a [Q\]IKQWVM[ R]ZyLQKI[
LQ^Q[QJTM[VWM`Q[\QZnTIKWV[QO]QMV\MM`QOMVKQILMLMUIVLIZKWVR]V\IUMV\M[MIXWZY]M[M
\ZI\MVLMZMTIKQWVM[UIVKWU]VILI[MVTIY]MKILI\Q\]TIZX]MLMZMKTIUIZXWZ[]K]W\I#[MI
Y]M [M \ZI\MV LM WJTQOIKQWVM[ [WTQLIZQI[ XWZ LQ[XW[QKQ~V LM TMa W XWZ XIK\W MV\ZM TW[ []RM\W[
aKWVK]ZZIMVTWY]MIY]yVW[QUXWZ\IXT]ZITQLILLMIKZMMLWZM[^MZIZ\[ a[[++
-TY]MXZMKQ[IUMV\M]VWLMMTTW[X]MLIQV[\IZMTXIOW\W\ITKWV\ZIMTLM]LWZWLM]LWZM[PIKM
Y]MLM[IXIZMbKITIVMKM[QLILLMLMUIVLIKWVR]V\I
Habr entonces litisconsorcio activo necesario:
)Z\+8+Q\ITQIVW";QTILMKQ[Q~VVWX]MLMXZWV]VKQIZ[M[QVWMVXZM[MVKQILM^IZQI[XIZ\M[u[\I[LMJMVIK\]IZ
W[MZLMUIVLILI[MVMTUQ[UWXZWKM[W;QM[\MM[XZWUW^QLWXWZITO]VI[WKWV\ZIITO]VI[[WTIUMV\MLMMTTI[MT
R]MbWZLMVIZnTIQV\MOZIKQ~VLMTKWV\ZILQK\WZQWMV]V\uZUQVWXMZMV\WZQWXWZuTM[\IJTMKQLW
!+WVNWZUMI[]IZ\"+]IVLWXWZTIVI\]ZITMbILMTIZMTIKQ~VR]ZyLQKI[][\IVKQITY]M[MIWJRM\WLMTXZWKM[WVW
X]LQMZMXZWV]VKQIZ[M[MV\MVKQI\QTUMV\M[QVTIXZM[MVKQITQ\Q[KWV[WZKQWIK\Q^WWMTMUXTIbIUQMV\WTQ\Q[KWV[WZKQW
XI[Q^WLM\WLW[TW[QV\MZM[ILW[IY]uTTW[LMJMZnV\WLW[KWUXIZMKMZau[\W[LMJMZnV\WLW[[MZMUXTIbILW[MV
NWZUITMOIT
-VM[\MKI[WTW[ZMK]Z[W[aLMUn[IK\]IKQWVM[XZWKM[ITM[LMKILI]VWNI^WZMKMZnVITW[W\ZW[;QVMUJIZOWTW[
IK\W[Y]MQUXTQY]MVLQ[XW[QKQ~VLMTLMZMKPWMVTQ\QOQW[~TW\MVLZnVMKIKQI[QMUIVIVLM\WLW[TW[TQ\Q[KWV[WZ\M[
AIK]aW\MVWZ"+]IVLWXWZZIb~VLMTWY]M[MIWJRM\WLMTR]QKQWTI\]\MTIR]ZQ[LQKKQWVIT[WTQKQ\ILI[~TWX]MLI
PIKMZ[MMNMK\Q^INZMV\MI^IZQW[[]RM\W[KWVR]V\IUMV\MKWV[QLMZILW[\WLW[MTTW[PIJZnVLM[MZLMUIVLILW[KWUW
TQ\Q[KWV[WZ\M[[IT^WY]MTITMaLQ[XWVOIM`XZM[IUMV\MW\ZIKW[I
,WVLMM[\nXZM^Q[\WXWZMTIZ\48.XIZI\WLW[TW[KI[W[MVY]M"+]IVLWMVZIb~VLMTWJRM\WLMTIXZM\MV[Q~VTI
[MV\MVKQIINMK\MLQZMK\IUMV\MI^IZQI[XMZ[WVI[u[\I[LMJMVLMUIVLIZW[MZLMUIVLILI[MVMTUQ[UWXZWKM[W
)XTQKIVLWM[\MLQ[XW[Q\Q^WXWZMRMUXTWI]VKI[WLM\]\WZyIKWVR]V\ILM]VUMVWZLMMLIL^MZTI;MV\MVKQILMTI
;ITILMTW+Q^QTLMTI+WZ\M;]XZMUILM2][\QKQILMLMLQKQMUJZMLMLQK\ILIITI[!PWZI[ZMN
101
<-TN]VLIUMV\WMVY]MLM[KIV[ITIO]ZILMTTQ\Q[KWV[WZKQWXI[Q^WVMKM[IZQWM[\ZQJIMVTIM`QOMVKQILMXZM[MZ^IZMT
XZQVKQXQWLMI]LQMVKQIM^Q\IVLWTIQVLMNMV[Q~VaXWZKWV[QO]QMV\MTW[XW[QJTM[XZWV]VKQIUQMV\W[Y]MINMK\IZyIV
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143
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1.6 FINALIZACIN ANTICIPADA: CONCEPTO. FINALIZACIN POR IMPROPONIBILIDAD SOBREVENIDA DEL PROCESO:
:MO]TI M[\M +IXy\]TW 9]QV\W LMT <y\]TW <MZKMZW LMT +~LQOW \WLI ]VI [MZQM LM KI][I[
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LM TI \]\MTI R]ZyLQKI QUXM\ZILI XWZ TI[ XIZ\M[ a [QV Y]M VQ [QY]QMZI [M PIaI \ZIUQ\ILW MT
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LM M[I[ KI][I[ I ^MKM[ VW \QMVMV Y]M ^MZ M[\ZQK\IUMV\M KWV TI XuZLQLI W U]\IKQ~V LM TI[
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inviable su continuacin.
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XIZI Y]M [MIV ZM[]MT\W[ MV TI I]LQMVKQI XI]\ILI XIZI MTTW TI XZMXIZI\WZQI MV MT
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LIBRO SEGUNDO
LOS PROCESOS
DECLARATIVOS
Oscar Antonio Canales Cisco
CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES
El Cdigo Procesal Civil y Mercantil salvadoreo de reciente aprobacin y cuya vigencia
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tales como: la misma naturaleza declarativa de la pretensin y al poseer un tratamiento
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tanto la presentacin de la demanda del demandante y las resistencias del
demandado;
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hacia las escasas normas de los procesos especiales e inclusive al mismo proceso abreviado.
):)/76-;-;5):<16-B;Los Procesos Declarativos Ordinarios (Procesos ordinarios y sus especialidades)XX
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al proceso ordinario y el proceso abreviado.
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Los procesos declarativos adoptan dos criterios para acomodar la va procesal adecuada
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o bien el proceso abreviado.
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diferencia sobre el valor determinado de la pretensin.
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Para no descuidar esta resumida introduccin sobre las caractersticas esenciales de los
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encuentran en la actualidad.
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les fue suprimida totalmente la competencia contenciosa en lo civil y mercantil de menor
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poseen competencia para tramitar los procesos comunes cuyo demandado sea el Estado.
163 Por naturaleza las normas procesales son irretroactivas; en consecuencia los procesos patrimoniales iniciados
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procesal.!
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partes.
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entenderse como sinnimo de la competencia territorial.
248
173 La impugnacin regulada por la nueva legislacin procesal civil y mercantil salvadorea contra el acuerdo
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ofrecer y son aceptadas por la nueva legislacin procesal salvadorea.
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el cual aparentemente slo es reclamado para los procesos civiles y mercantiles.
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aparta de la va normal de reclamacin conforme a la Ley de Arancel Judicial. De igual manera la cantidad de
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hacerlo efectivo.
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continuacin del proceso y a su realizacin mediante sentencia.
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terminadas la audiencia preparatoria del proceso comn.
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utilizacin del procedimiento inadecuado.
El efecto de suspender la tramitacin del proceso principal e virtud del planteamiento de una cuestin incidental
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alegada previamente.
260
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la intervencin de un solo perito designado por el Juez; La prueba testimonial propuesta se
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263
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264
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los peritos conforme al Arancel Judicial.
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depositario por la labor de custodia y conservacin del bien depositado por orden
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MUJIZOW# MT K]ZILWZ M[XMKQIT LM[QOVILW R]LQKQITUMV\M \ITM[ KWUW" MT K]ZILWZ IL
TQ\MU a MT K]ZILWZ LM PMZMVKQI aIKMV\M XWZ [] I[Q[\MVKQI R]ZyLQKI LM[MUXM}ILI# a
MT MRMK]\WZ Y]M XZIK\QY]M MT MUJIZOW XZM^MV\Q^W LM JQMVM[ MV\ZM W\ZI[ XMZ[WVI[
conforme al Arancel Judicial.
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MT KW[\W ZMIT [QMUXZM LQMZM IT KW[\W XZnK\QKIUMV\M [QUJ~TQKW M[\IJTMKQLW XWZ MT )ZIVKMT
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pueden mencionarse los siguientes:
186 576<-:7):7+)2El Nuevo Proceso Civil, (Ley 1/2000).))>>XX
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][]ITUMV\M [WV []XMZQWZM[ I TW[ M[\IJTMKQLW[ XZM^QIUMV\M a ]\QTQbIVLW KZQ\MZQW[ WJRM\Q^W[ XWZ TI TMOQ[TIKQ~V
1VLMXMVLQMV\MUMV\M[QTIKIV\QLILXIK\ILIXWZ]VILMTI[XIZ\M[KWV[]IJWOILWZM[]T\M[]XMZQWZITW[PWVWZIZQW[
RILW[XWZUQVQ[\MZQWLMTMa#\ITKIV\QLILJIRWM[MKWVKMX\WVW^QVK]TIITXIOW[WJZMMTM`KM[WIIY]MTTIXIZ\MI
Y]QuV[MTMQUXWVOIVTI[KW[\I[XZWKM[ITM[ZM[XWVLQMVLWMTKWVLMVILWITXIOW[~TWMVMTUWV\WM[\IJTMKQLWXWZ
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265
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a TI[ KMZ\QKIKQWVM[ M`XMLQLI[ XWZ MT :MOQ[\ZW LM -[\ILW .IUQTQIZ IL[KZQ\I[ I TI[
Municipalidades.
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cancelaciones registrales. Tal como la anotacin preventiva sobre bienes inmuebles
y la anotacin preventiva de demanda.
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comerciales de circulacin nacional.
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asegurar el derecho de defensa de la contraparte evitando as una posterior nulidad de
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2.7.4.2.1 Supuestos:
El Cdigo como decamos utiliza dos mecanismos distintos para referirse a las modalidades
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LyI[LM[LMTIVW\QKIKQ~VLMTI]\WZM[XMK\Q^W[Q[MPIVMOILWILMKTIZIZaMTR]MbLML]KMTIRIK\IVKQI\nKQ\IUMV\M
IZ\+8+5
,M]VI}W[Q[M\ZI\ILMZMKTIUIZKWV\ZIMTLM[XWRWWXMZ\]ZJIKQ~VLMTIXW[M[Q~VaLM\ZM[UM[M[[Q[MZMKTIUI
XWZTW[XMZR]QKQW[LMZQ^ILW[LM]VIWJZIV]M^I"IZ\+8+5
286
2.7.4.3 La inadmisibilidad:
2.7.4.3.1.- Supuestos:
8WZ[]TILWMTIZ\ +8+5KWV[QLMZITWY]MX]MLMV[MZLMNMK\W[[]J[IVIJTM[VWaILMTI
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I ;M\ZI\IVIV\M\WLWLMLMNMK\W[Y]MI\I}MVITIM[\Z]K\]ZIKWV\MVQLWaXZM[MV\IKQ~V
LM M[\M T\QUW LM \IT UIVMZI Y]M QUXQLM [] KWUXZMV[Q~V W TI PIKM QVQV\MTQOQJTM
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X]MLMV\QTLIZ[MLMXWKW[~TQLW[MVK]IV\W\ITM[[MZnVIXZMKQIKQWVM[R]ZyLQKI[ITI[
Y]MaILIZnWXWZ\]VIZM[X]M[\ITI[MV\MVKQILMNWVLW[QVWMVLMNMK\W[Un[OZI^M["
TIWUQ[Q~VLMLI\W[Jn[QKW[#TINIT\ILMKWVKZMKQ~VLM]Vpetitum o de la causa de pedir
MVY]M[MN]VLI#MT][WLM]VTMVO]IRMMVZM^M[ILWY]MVW[QUXTMUMV\MLQK]T\I[QVW
Y]MQUXQLMLQ[KMZVQZY]u\QXWLMZMTIKQ~VR]ZyLQKI[MM[\nM`XWVQMVLWM\K
287
4I[ IKKQWVM[ Y]M [M N]VLIV MV TI \MVMVKQI LM ]V \y\]TWK]IVLW I[y TW M`QRI
TI TMa" X]MLMV [MZ IKKQWVM[ M[XMKQITM[ LMKTIZI\Q^I[ KWUW WK]ZZM KWV MT
XZWKM[WUWVQ\WZQWIZ\!+8+5aTIIKKQ~VKIUJQIZQIIZ\ QVVM
CCom8MZW[WJZM\WLWKWVKQMZVMITW[\y\]TW[MVY]M[MN]VLI]VXZWKM[W
LMMRMK]KQ~V[MI\y\]TWM`\ZIR]LQKQITIZ\!+8+5 WIY]MTY]MLIXQMI
TIMRMK]KQ~VNWZbW[ILM]VIZM[WT]KQ~VR]LQKQITW\y\]TWI[QUQTILW[QMUXZMY]M
MVM[\MT\QUWKI[WVWN]MZI]V\y\]TWKZMILWXWZMTXZWXQW\ZQJ]VITX]M[LM
[MZI[yVWZM[]T\IZnVMKM[IZQWY]M[MIXWZ\MIZ\XZQUMZXnZZINW!
-V\WLW[M[\W[[]X]M[\W[VWM[XW[QJTMQVKWIZMTXZWKM[WKWZZM[XWVLQMV\M[Q
VW[MLQ[XWVMLMT\y\]TWaMTR]Mb^MZQKI[]^ITQLMbaKWV\MVQLW#LMITTyY]M
[MMZQRIMTLWK]UMV\WMV]VMTMUMV\WKWV[\Q\]\Q^WLMTIIKKQ~VUQ[UI
)T]LQMVLWITI[WTQKQ\]LY]MPILMKWV[QOVIZMTQV\MZM[ILWLQKMMTIZ\!+8+5Y]M"
-T XZWKM[W UWVQ\WZQW [M QVQKQIZn KWV TI XZM[MV\IKQ~V LM ]VI [WTQKQ\]L LMJQuVLW[M
IKWUXI}IZITI[WTQKQ\]LMTLWK]UMV\WMVY]MKWV[\MIY]uTTI
)Z\ QVVM CCom: Con la demanda debe presentarse el ttulo.
)Z\!"-VTILMUIVLILMTXZWKM[WMRMK]\Q^WLMJQuVLW[MIKWUXI}IZMV\WLWKI[WMT\y\]TWMVY]M[MN]VLM
TILMUIVLIaTW[LWK]UMV\W[Y]MXMZUQ\IVLM\MZUQVIZKWVXZMKQ[Q~VTIKIV\QLILY]M[MZMKTIUI-VM[\MKI[W
VW[~TWMT\y\]TW[QVWTW[LWK]UMV\W[Y]M[QZ^MVXIZIK]IV\QKIZTILM]LIZM[]T\IVQUXZM[KQVLQJTM[XIZIXWLMZ
LM[XIKPIZTIMRMK]KQ~V
! :MK]uZLM[M Y]M MV M[\M nUJQ\W VW [M PIJTI LM LMUIVLI [QVW LM [WTQKQ\]L LM MRMK]KQ~V" )Z\ XZQUMZ
XnZZINW +8+5" ) TI [WTQKQ\]L LM MRMK]KQ~V PIJZn LM IKWUXI}IZ[M MT \y\]TW [IT^W Y]M [M \ZI\M LM ZM[WT]KQ~V
LQK\ILIXWZMTXZWXQWR]MbIY]QMV[MLQZQRIWLM]VIK]MZLWW\ZIV[IKKQ~VIXZWJILW]PWUWTWOILIXWZuTMV
K]aWKI[WJI[\IZn[M}ITIZMTXZWKMLQUQMV\WLMTY]MLMZQ^M
288
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MXyOZINM IV\MZQWZ" LM MV\ZILI PI LM XZM[]UQZ[M Y]M MT LWK]UMV\W M`Q[\M
a XWZ MTTW KWVKMLMZ IT LMUIVLIV\M MT XTIbW XIZI []J[IVIZ IT Y]M PIZMUW[
referencia.
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LMUIVLI[MLMJMZnLMKTIZIZMV\WVKM[QVILUQ[QJTM
K
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K]IVLW TI KIZMVKQI LMT XZM[]X]M[\W LM Y]M [M \ZI\I LMZQ^I XZMKQ[IUMV\M
LM TI QVNWZUIKQ~V a LM TW[ LWK]UMV\W[ Y]M [M KWV[QOVIV IV\M IT ~ZOIVW
R]LQKQITM[\IZMUW[LQZMK\IUMV\M[QVUn[aKWUWIV\M[[M}ITIUW[IV\M]VI
KI][I LM QUXZWXWVQJQTQLIL LM TI XZM\MV[Q~V Y]M LM^QMVM QV[]J[IVIJTM XWZ
su naturaleza.
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OMVMZITM[LM\WLWXZWKM[WXMV[MUW[MVMTXWLMZLMTZMXZM[MV\IV\MTMOITLM
TI[WKQMLILUMZKIV\QTWMVMTXWLMZLMTXZWK]ZILWZM\K[MIITOVM`\ZMUW
LMTIXZM\MV[Q~VLML]KQLIY]MTITMaY]QMZMY]M[MIKZMLQ\MLM[LMMTXZQVKQXQW
KWUWTW[\y\]TW[Y]MR][\QKIVTITMOQ\QUIKQ~VLMTW[WXW[Q\WZM[MVTIIKKQ~V
impugnativa de acuerdos de sociedades MT 2]bOILW LMJM MV XZQVKQXQW
LIZ KWUW XW[QJTM Y]M MT XZM[]X]M[\W M`Q[\M a XIZI MTTW W\WZOIZ XTIbW XIZI
subsanar la omisin de aportacin.
;Q MT XTIbW VW [M IXZW^MKPI [M LMKZM\IZn MV\WVKM[ TI QVILUQ[QJQTQLIL LM TI
LMUIVLI JQMV Y]M VW [] QUXZWXWVQJQTQLIL aI Y]M I XM[IZ LM \ZI\IZ[M LM
TINIT\ILMIKZMLQ\IKQ~VLM]VXZM[]X]M[\WLMTXZWKM[W[IT^WY]MMT\ZQJ]VIT
insistimos disponga de datos sustentados con pruebas concretas en torno a la
QVM`Q[\MVKQI LMT XZM[]X]M[\W XZWKM[IT W \IT QVM`Q[\MVKQI LMZQ^M LM [] XZWXQI
VI\]ZITMbIVW[MX]MLMLQK\IZ]VI]\WMVMTY]MLMKTIZM\ITKW[IKWUWITOW
real.
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-T Y]M VW [M IXWZ\M MT LWK]UMV\W KWZZM[XWVLQMV\M LM[LM T]MOW QUXQLM
Y]M [M Lu K]Z[W I M[I LMUIVLI XMZW VW X]MLM []XWVMZ Y]M [M VQMO]M TI
QUXZWXWVQJQTQLIL LM TI XZM\MV[Q~V KWUW [Q [M P]JQMZI XZWJILW Y]M MT
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referencia.
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289
2.7.4.3.2.- Tratamiento:
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potencial y abstractamente subsanables. Por ello el Juez a virtud del citado 278 CPCM le
KWVKMLMZnITIXIZ\MIK\WZI]VXTIbWVW[]XMZQWZIKQVKWLyI[UQ[UWXTIbWXIZIMTXZWKM[W
IJZM^QILW IZ\ I V LM Y]M ZMXIZM TI NIT\I 8I[ILW M[M \QMUXW [Q VW [M PI XZWKMLQLW
ITI[]J[IVIKQ~V[MLIZnXWZ\MZUQVILWMTXZWKM[WLMKTIZIVLWQVILUQ[QJTMTILMUIVLI
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W QV[\Z]UMV\W KWV Y]M u[\I [M PI NWZUITQbILW ZMKITKI TI TMa Y]M TI NIT\I LM ILUQ[Q~V LM
TI LMUIVLI MV M[\I[ KWVLQKQWVM[ VW QUXMLQZn [QV MUJIZOW Y]M X]MLI [MZTW MV MT N]\]ZW
IZ\ " M[\I M[XMKQM LM ZMKPIbW QV TQUQVM LMRI I [IT^W MT LMZMKPW UI\MZQIT -TTW MV MT
[WJZMMV\MVLQLWLMY]M[MXZM[MV\MI\ZI^u[LM]VM[KZQ\WLMLMUIVLIKWZZMK\WaKWV\WLW[
[][ ZMY]Q[Q\W[ X]M[ LM TW KWV\ZIZQW MT ZMKPIbW LM TI [MO]VLI LMUIVLI LMJM XZWL]KQZ[M MV
TW[UQ[UW[\uZUQVW[Y]MTIXZMKMLMV\M
290
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[QVXMZR]QKQWLMTINIK]T\ILLMNWZU]TIZITMOIKQWVM[KWUXTMUMV\IZQI[MVTW[\uZUQVW[XZM^Q[\W[MVMTXZM[MV\M
Cdigo.
291
212 )Z\ ! +8+5" +]IVLW MT ZQM[OW LM [MV\MVKQI[ KWV XZWV]VKQIUQMV\W[ W N]VLIUMV\W[ KWV\ZILQK\WZQW[
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,MM[\QUIZ[MTIM`KMXKQ~VLMTQ\Q[XMVLMVKQI[MXWVLZnVITXZWKM[WWXZWKM[W[QVQKQILW[KWVXW[\MZQWZQLILKWV
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292
213 +WUWTI[M}ITILIMVMTIZ\LMT++WUXIZIMTMRMZKQKQWXWZTIMV\QLILI[MO]ZILWZILMTIIKKQ~VLMZM[KQ[Q~V
LM KWV\ZI\W XWZ WK]T\IUQMV\W LM LI\W[ XWZ MT \WUILWZ" -T LWTW W K]TXI OZI^M MV TI[ LMKTIZIKQWVM[ I Y]M [M
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[QO]QMV\M[ITLyIMVY]MPIaIKWVWKQLWTIQVM`IK\Q\]L]WUQ[Q~VLWTW[IWK]TXIJTM4W[MNMK\W[LMTI[MV\MVKQI[M
retrotraen al momento de la presentacin de la demanda.
293
4IXMZXM\]IKQ~VLMTIR]ZQ[LQKKQ~VMVTW[\uZUQVW[TMOITUMV\MZMO]TILW[VWK]JZM
la eventualidad de una aplicacin retroactiva derivada de un cambio legislativo en
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KWV MT ZuOQUMV LM MKIKQI \MUXWZIT LM TI[ VWZUI[ XZWKM[ITM[ a XIZI [MZ Un[
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procedan. El Cdigo a este respecto ha abogado por la estabilidad de los procesos
ya iniciados.
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conformidad a la normativa con la cual se iniciaron.
294
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LMUIVLIKWV\ZIuTsino en cuanto esa gestin le hubiere sido efectivamente til, y existiere la utilidad al tiempo de la demanda; por
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217 )Z\111++WU"4IQV[\Q\]KQ~VILWZILM[X]u[LMKMTMJZILWMTKWV\ZI\W[~TWXWLZnM`QOQZY]MMTILWW
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W[MLMUIVLIR]LQKQITUMV\M[]XIOW
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KI[W[MV]UMZILW[MVMT)Z\++MV\ZMTW[K]ITM[[MUMVKQWVI[QTIVW\QKIKQ~VLMTILMUIVLIVWPI
[QLW PMKPI MV NWZUI TMOIT# MT ZMK]ZZMV\M VILI \QMVM Y]M ITMOIZ MV M[M [MV\QLW XWZ K]IV\W LM PIJMZ M`Q[\QLW
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KWV[MK]MVKQITI;ITIM[\QUIY]MTILMUIVLILMUuZQ\WQV\MZZ]UXQ~KQ^QTUMV\MTIXZM[KZQXKQ~VLMY]M[M\ZI\I
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la demanda.
295
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del Cdigo permite al actor introducir nuevas pretensiones en el acto de la audiencia
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2.8 LA RECONVENCIN:
2.8.1 Concepto y lmites:
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por el contrario reservar la accin para otro proceso.
Responde asimismo el instituto de la reconvencin a cierto cuidado por la seguridad
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demanda.
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independiente.
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R]LQKQITM[LMTUQ[UW\QXW\IUXWKWZM[]T\I]VI[WT]KQ~VLQ[\QV\IY]M[Q[MIXTQKIXWZ
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de pretensiones contra varios demandados228.
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[M M[\n ^MV\QTIVLW XWZ ]V LMKTIZI\Q^W WZLQVIZQW a TI ZMKWV^MVKQ~V KWZZM[XWVLM I
]VI XZM\MV[Q~V LM XZWKM[W M[XMKQIT 8MZW \IUJQuV K]IVLW VW MY]Q^ITM IT UQ[UW
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KWVWKQMVLWI\ZI^u[LM]VXZWKM[WKWUVaTIZMKWV^MVKQ~VKWVM`IKWVIY]MTTI
hubiera debido sustanciarse por un abreviado por razn de la cuanta.
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condicin.
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2.- Efectos:
I +WVNWZUMITKQ\ILWIZ\ XnZZINWXZQUMZW+8+5]VI^MbLMKTIZILIXWZI]\WTI
ZMJMTLyILMJMZnVW\QKnZ[MTMLMMTTIITLMUIVLILW[QM[XW[QJTMLMUIVMZIXMZ[WVIT
a[QVWXWZM[\ZILW[XIZIY]MKWVWbKI[][Q\]IKQ~V[QVY]MZM[]T\MXZMKMX\Q^W^WT^MZ
I XZIK\QKIZ[M VQVO]VI W\ZI VW\QKIKQ~V XWZ VQVOV UMLQW PI[\I \IV\W ZMKIQOI
ZM[WT]KQ~V R]LQKQIT LMVQ\Q^I LMT XZWKM[W Y]Qbn [MV\MVKQI Y]Qbn IV\M[ ]V I]\W
IZKPQ^IVLWTIKI][IXWZ]VIM`KMXKQ~VXZWKM[ITIXZMKQILILMWKQWXWZMTR]Mb
J 4ILMKTIZIKQ~VLMZMJMTLyITMOQ\QUITIKWV\QV]IKQ~VLMTI[NI[M[LMTXZWKMLQUQMV\W
[QVVMKM[QLILLM[][XMV[Q~VVQLM\MVMZY]MZM\ZW\ZIMZIK\]IKQWVM[ITUWUMV\WMV
Y]M\]^QMZMT]OIZ[Q\ITKW[I[]KMLMTIXMZ[WVIKQ~V\IZLyILMTLMUIVLILW
4ITMaM[KTIZIK]IVLW[M}ITIY]MXZWL]KQLITIM^MV\]ITQLILLM[]KWUXIZMKMVKQI
XW[\MZQWZ MV MT QV[\IV\M MV Y]M I[y WK]ZZI [M MV\MVLMZnV KWV uT TI[ IK\]IKQWVM[
[]KM[Q^I[ [QV Y]M [M X]MLI ZM\ZWKMLMZ MV VQVOV KI[W IZ\ XnZZINW \MZKMZW
QV VM -[ LMKQZ [QV Y]M Y]MXI IV]TIZ MT \ZIUW XZWKM[IT MV MT Y]M M[\]^W I][MV\M
\MVQMVLWY]MZMXM\QZ[M8IZIM^Q\IZM[WR][\IUMV\MM[TIZMJMTLyI
318
4I XMZ[WVI [M QVKWZXWZI IT XZWKM[W I XIZ\QZ LMT X]V\W MV MT Y]M [M PITTM TI
KWV\QMVLI a XWLZn IXZW^MKPIZ TW[ \ZnUQ\M[ LM LMNMV[I Y]M Y]MLMV XMVLQMV\M[
XMZW VW XMLQZ Y]M [M ZMIJZIV TW[ aI KMZZILW[ XIZI XZM[MV\IZ M`\MUXWZnVMIUMV\M
]V M[KZQ\W LM KWV\M[\IKQ~V I TI LMUIVLI M\K <WLW MTTW [QV XMZR]QKQW KTIZW M[\n
LM Y]M TI I][MVKQI MV MT KI[W KWVKZM\W X]LQMZI LMJMZ[M I ITO]VI LM TI[ KI][I[
LM V]TQLIL XZWKM[IT Y]M KWV\MUXTI TI TMa IZ\ +8+5 MV K]aI PQX~\M[Q[ TI
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en s de la rebelda.
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<IUXWKW PI LM \WUIZ[M KWUW ]VI WXW[QKQ~V \nKQ\I I TI LMUIVLI ;QUXTMUMV\M
TWY]MWK]ZZMMVM[\W[KI[W[M[Y]MMTLMUIVLILWVWPINWZUITQbILW]VIXW[\]ZI
NZMV\MIMTTITIK]IT[QIKI[W[MQZnLML]KQMVLWLMW\ZW[IK\W[XW\MZQWZM[KWUWTW[
LMXZ]MJI[QIXIZMKMIV\M[LMTI[MV\MVKQI
;QVWMTR]MbLQK\IZn[MV\MVKQI[WJZMTIJI[MLM]VIVQKI^MZ[Q~VLMTIKWV\ZW^MZ[QI"
TIY]MWNZMKMTILMUIVLIY]M[MM[\QUIZnWLM[M[\QUIZnMVN]VKQ~VLMY]MMTIK\WZ
cumpla con sus propias cargas procesales y tenga razn en el fondo.
L 8ZWL]KQLITIVW\QKIKQ~VLMTIZM[WT]KQ~VY]MXWVMVITXZWKM[W[MIY]MTWN]MZM
LM UIVMZI XMZ[WVIT W XWZ MLQK\W[ \MVLZn MT LMUIVLILW MT LMZMKPW a I TI ^Mb TI
KIZOILMZMK]ZZQZTIXIZITWOZIZ[]ZM^WKIKQ~VLMV\ZWLMTXTIbWTMOITY]M[MXZM^MI
XIZIMTZMK]Z[WKWZZM[XWVLQMV\M\IV\WIXMTIKQ~VKWUWKI[IKQ~V[QMUXZMaK]IVLW
]VW]W\ZWXZWKMLQMZMV;QVWTIZMK]ZZMMVXTIbWX]LQMVLWPIKMZTWITKIVbIZyIKW[I
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LM Y]M IKZMLQ\M Y]M [M PITTIJI MV ITO]VW LM TW[ LW[ KI[W[ Y]M TW XMZUQ\MV
LM[KWVWKQUQMV\W LMT XZWKM[W a LM TI [MV\MVKQI W QUXW[QJQTQLIL LM N]MZbI UIaWZ
XIZILQZQOQZQV[\Z]KKQ~VI[]LMNMV[WZXIZIY]M[MZMK]ZZI"IZ\+8+5
-V TI ZMLIKKQ~V WZQOQVIZQI LMT IZ\ LMT +~LQOW [M QVKT]yI ]V QVKQ[W W XnZZINW
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LMZMK]ZZQZTI+WVTIZMNWZUIXIZKQITLMLQKPWQVKQ[WPI[QLW[]XZQUQLWUI[MT
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,QKPWM[\W[QUXTMUMV\MPIaY]MIXTQKIZMT[Q[\MUIOMVMZITLMZMJMTLyILMT \IT
KWUWM[\nXIZIKWTMOQZTWY]MaIPMUW[[M}ITILW"Y]M[QTIXMZ[WVI[MMV\MZILMTI
[MV\MVKQIMVXTIbWXIZIZMK]ZZQZTIPILMPIKMZTWaVWLMRIZY]MLM^MVOIZUM9]M
[QVW[IJMWVWX]MLMLQ[XWVLZnLMTIZM^Q[Q~VIZ\[a[[+8+5IK]aW\MUI
319
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)LMUn[ LM TI[ WJZI[ OMVMZITM[ KQ\ILI[ IT VIT LMT <y\]TW 8ZMTQUQVIZ ZMKWUMVLIUW["
*-:B7;) .:)6+7; 5IZyI >QK\WZQI" Demanda, causa petendi y objeto del proceso, El
)TUMVLZW +~ZLWJI ! # +)*)k); /):+) 2]IV +IZTW[" 4I LMUIVLI Revista
Jurdica de Catalunya, V *IZKMTWVI XX !# +07B); )476;7 2W[u
5IV]MT" 4ITQ\Q[XMVLMVKQI" MNMK\W[ a \ZI\IUQMV\W XZWKM[IT MV Cuaderno de Derecho Judicial,
n 6,+/825ILZQL#;)5)6-;):)+IZUMV"La tutela del rebelde en el proceso civil,
*W[KP*IZKMTWVI!!
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329
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restitucin de los frutos civiles;
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LMZMKPW[ LM I]\W[ LM IK]MZLW I TI TMa LM XZW\MKKQ~V I TI XZWXQMLIL QV\MTMK\]IT
XWLZyIV I}ILQZ[M MV TI I]LQMVKQI XZMXIZI\WZQI KWUW XZM\MV[QWVM[ IKKM[WZQI[ TI[
LMZMXIZIKQ~VLMTW[LI}W[aXMZR]QKQW[KI][ILW[XWZTIQVNZIKKQ~VITW[LMZMKPW[LM
I]\WZXZWPQJQKQ~VITQVNZIK\WZLMZMIV]LIZM[IIK\Q^QLILQTyKQ\IMVMTN]\]ZWZM\QZW
LMTKWUMZKQWLMTW[MRMUXTIZM[QTyKQ\W[aTILMQV]\QTQbIKQ~VLMTI[UI\ZQKM[]\QTQbILI[
para esa actividad ilcita;
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LQ[\ZQJ]KQ~VKWUMZKQITXWZQVK]UXTQUQMV\WLMTIXIZ\MLMUIVLILIXWLZyII}ILQZ[M
MV TI I]LQMVKQI XZMXIZI\WZQI KWUW XZM\MV[Q~V IKKM[WZQI TI LM KWJZW LM TI U]T\I
por incumplimiento pactada en el contrato.
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334
338
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el mismo se halla limitado desde dos planos distintos pero vinculantes con igual
N]MZbI" XWZ ]V TILW TI XZ]MJI \QMVM Y]M XZIK\QKIZ[M LMV\ZW LM TI TMOITQLIL LM
UWLW Y]M [] WJ\MVKQ~V VW X]MLM KWV^MZ\QZ[M MV ]VI M`K][I XIZI TI ^QWTIKQ~V LM
LMZMKPW[ [][\IV\Q^W[ W XZWKM[ITM[ LM TI[ LMUn[ XIZ\M[ W LM \MZKMZW[ A XWZ W\ZW
TILWTIXZ]MJIY]MX]MLMIL^MVQZLMV\ZWLMKILITQ\QOQWM[IY]MTTIY]MO]IZLIVLW
ZMTIKQ~VKWVTI[IZUIKQWVM[VMKM[Q\ILI[LMLMUW[\ZIKQ~V\MVOIVZMTM^IVKQIXIZI
KWV^MVKMZXW\MVKQITUMV\MITR]Mb6WITKIVbIXWZ\IV\WMTLMZMKPWIXZWJIZIY]MTTW
Y]M LM^QMVM XWZ [] VI\]ZITMbI QVKWVL]KMV\M W QVIVM XIZI XZWJIZ TW[ PMKPW[ LMT
KI[W1ZMUW[^QMVLWXI]TI\QVIUMV\MK~UW[MLM[XTQMOIMTLMZMKPWITIXZ]MJIMVMT
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corrientes reguladoras de esta actividad.
340
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acontencido.
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sensuKWV\ZIPMKPW[M^QLMV\M[IZ\+8+5Y]MI[]^MbaXWZ[]VI\]ZITMbI
se hallan dispensados de prueba. En esa pugna entre dos causas discrepantes entre s
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la voluntad de las partes.
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absoluta y general.
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sea general no se habra cumplido.
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generalizado por la mayor parte de los habitantes de esa colectividad. Admitir
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generalizado de ese hecho en la colectividad.
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aportadas al proceso por medio de la prueba pericial.
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X]MLI[MZMV[yUQ[UWthema decidendi de un litigio.
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con el principio de normalidad de las cosas.
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+6 MTTW [QV XMZR]QKQW LM Y]M [IT^W M[\M T\QUW LMZMKPW TW[ LMUn[ X]MLMV M[\IZ
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directa o indirectamente en vulneracin de los derechos fundamentales.
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[~TW]VI[IVKQ~VXMK]VQIZQIIZ\XnZZINWXZQUMZWQVVM CPCM: multa entre cinco y diez
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;QV MUJIZOW VW LMJMUW[ WT^QLIZ Y]M MT LWK]UMV\W MV K]M[\Q~V X]MLM \ZI\IZ[M LM ]VI
XZ]MJI LMKQ[Q^I MV XW\MVKQI XIZI MT LM[MVTIKM LM TI KWV\QMVLI LM UIVMZI Y]M TI VMOI\Q^I
I M`PQJQZTW [Q MT ZM[XWV[IJTM LM MTTW M[ TI KWV\ZIXIZ\M LMT XTMQ\W \IV\W LM UIVMZI LQZMK\I
XWZY]M MT LWK]UMV\W M[\IJI MV [] XWLMZ W QVLQZMK\I QVL]KQMVLW IT \MZKMZW Y]M TW \QMVM
I Y]M VW TW PIOI \IT XZWKMLMZ MV\ZI}I VW [WTIUMV\M ]VI NIT\I LM KWTIJWZIKQ~V KWV TW[
\ZQJ]VITM[ LM R][\QKQI [QVW \IUJQuV ]VI M`XZM[Q~V LM UITI NM XZWKM[IT LQZQOQLI I Y]M []
oponente pierda la pretensin.
,M[LM M[M X]V\W LM ^Q[\I TI VMOI\Q^I QVR][\QKILI I M`PQJQZ IXIZ\M LM TI KWV[MK]MVKQI
MKWV~UQKI Y]M [M IKIJI LM QVLQKIZ U]T\I X]MLM \MVMZTW \IUJQuV MV MT XTIVW XZWJI\WZQW
MV NWZUI LM M`QJQTQbIKQ~V LM TI[ ZMOTI[ LM KIZOI LM TI XZ]MJI PIKQMVLW ZMKIMZ u[\I [WJZM
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KWVTIKIZOIXWZZIbWVM[M^QLMV\M[LMNIKQTQLILLMTIXZ]MJI
2.11.1.2.3 La reproduccin:
;QJQMVMVTIM`PQJQKQ~VM`Q[\MKQMZ\WUIZOMVLMQVKMZ\QL]UJZMMV\WZVWI[QTIXMZ[WVI\QMVM
WVWMTLWK]UMV\WQVKMZ\QL]UJZMY]M\nKQ\IUMV\MMTTMOQ[TILWZLM[KIZ\IMVTIZMXZWL]KKQ~V
XWZ K]IV\W IY]y MT [WTQKQ\IV\M TW Y]M QUXM\ZI LM UIVMZI LQZMK\I M` IZ\ +8+5 M[ TI
WJ\MVKQ~V LM TI KWXQI LnVLW[M XWZ [MV\ILW Y]M MTTW [QMUXZM M[ XW[QJTM MV ZMITQLIL TI
ZMXZWL]KKQ~V \QMVLM IT UQ[UW V Y]M TI M`PQJQKQ~V Y]M M[ TI LQ[XWVQJQTQLIL MV R]QKQW LMT
LWK]UMV\WMVK]M[\Q~V-VMTKI[WLMTIM`PQJQKQ~VUMLQIV\MWZQOQVITWKWXQII]\uV\QKIMV
la reproduccin necesariamente de esta segunda manera.
)\ITM[MNMK\W[KWV[QLMZIUW[Y]MLMJMIXTQKIZ[MXWZIVITWOyIMVK]IV\WITW[LM[\QVI\IZQW[
LMTZMY]MZQUQMV\WR]LQKQITLMM`PQJQKQ~VXIZIZMXZWL]KKQ~VaMVK]IV\WITI[KWV[MK]MVKQI[
! >MZXWZMRIZ\!++WUXIZIM`PQJQKQ~VLMTQJZW[LMTW[QV\MZUMLQIZQW[
377
378
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TI ZMITQLIL I [IJQMVLI[ LM Y]M VW [WV KQMZ\W[ XWZ Y]QMV TW[ [][KZQJM VW XWLZn
QV^ITQLIZ[M MT LWK]UMV\W XWZ M[\I ^yI QUX]OVI\Q^I KQ^QT [QVW Y]M PI LM [MZTW
VMKM[IZQIUMV\M I \ZI^u[ LM TI LMV]VKQI LM NIT[MLIL XMVIT a [QMUXZM Y]M ZMKIQOI
[MV\MVKQILMLQKPWWZLMVR]ZQ[LQKKQWVITY]MI[yTWLMKTIZM
2.11.1.3.1.2 Tratamiento:
1VLQKIMTIZ\ +8+5Y]MTIQUX]OVIKQ~VLMTLWK]UMV\WXWLZnNWZUITQbIZ[MXWZTIXIZ\M
INMK\ILIMVK]ITY]QMZUWUMV\WLMTXZWKM[WIV\MZQWZITI^Q[\IWZITLMXZ]MJI[MIXZWKM[W
KWUV W IJZM^QILW XIZI Y]M MV MTTI [M LM[IZZWTTM TI IK\Q^QLIL LM ^MZQKIKQ~V VMKM[IZQI
Y]MIPWZIUMVKQWVIZMUW[+WV\WLWaLMUIVMZIXZM^Q[WZIIL^QMZ\MIY]MTXZMKMX\WY]M[Q
TIVW\QKQIY]MXMZUQ\MKWVWKMZMTPMKPWLMTINIT[MLIL[MZMKQJMT]MOWLMTI^Q[\IXZWJI\WZQI
XMZWIV\M[LMLQK\IZ[MTI[MV\MVKQIXWLZnXMLQZ[M[]LMUW[\ZIKQ~V[QMUXZMY]M[MR][\QY]M
MTK~UWaXWZY]uLM[]LM[KWVWKQUQMV\WXZM^QW
4I^MZQKIKQ~VLMTII]\MV\QKQLILLMTLWK]UMV\WWTINIT\ILMMTTI[MTTM^IIKIJWXWZLW[
Uu\WLW[IIXTQKIZMVWZLMV[]J[QLQIZQW"
I -V XZQUMZ T]OIZ a [QMUXZM Y]M ZM[]T\M XW[QJTM [M KWUXIZIZn W KW\MRIZn MT
LWK]UMV\WXJTQKWK]M[\QWVILWKWV[]WZQOQVITLMXW[Q\ILWMV]VIZKPQ^WWUI\Zyb
LMZMOQ[\ZWXJTQKWLWVLMITMNMK\WWJZM;M}ITIMTIZ\!XnZZINWXZQUMZW+8+5
Y]M[MZnMT\ZQJ]VITMTY]M[MXMZ[WVIZnI\ZI^u[LMTIZM[XMK\Q^IKWUQ[Q~VR]LQKQIT
I[y KWUW TI[ XIZ\M[ XWZ [y W I \ZI^u[ LM [][ ZMXZM[MV\IV\M[ a [][ IJWOILW[ MV MT
lugar donde se halle el documento.
J ;Q MT XZWJTMUI LQ[\QV\IUMV\M ZILQKI MV Y]M MT WZQOQVIT PI [QLW IT\MZILW W u[\M
aI VW [M KWV[MZ^I XWZY]M N]M LM[\Z]QLW M`\ZI^QILW M\K PIJZn Y]M IK]LQZ[M
[]J[QLQIZQIUMV\M I ]VI XZ]MJI XMZQKQIT Y]M LM\MZUQVM TI IT\MZIKQ~V W NIT[QKIKQ~V
LMT I[XMK\W LMT LWK]UMV\W LM Y]M [M \ZI\M 4I TMa [M ZMUQ\M MV M[\M [MV\QLW
IT TTIUILW KW\MRW LM TM\ZI[ IZ\[ ! XnZZINW [MO]VLW a +8+5 Y]M ZQOM
\IUJQuVXIZITIQUX]OVIKQ~VLMLWK]UMV\W[XZQ^ILW[
)PWZI JQMV LMJM IL^MZ\QZ[M Y]M MT KW\MRW LM TM\ZI[ KWVNWZUI ]VI UWLITQLIL M[XMKyKI
LM XMZQKQI LM KIZnK\MZ KITQOZnKW LQZQOQLI I RIZ [Q TI I]\WZyI ^MZLILMZI LMT LWK]UMV\W
MV ZMTIKQ~V KWV MT N]VKQWVIZQW IT Y]M [M I\ZQJ]aM [] ZMLIKKQ~V a ZUI -V ]V KW\MRW LM
379
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V!"KWUWM`XWVMKTIZIUMV\MTIZMKQMV\M[MV\MVKQILMNMKPILMLQKQMUJZMLMZMKWOQMVLW
380
2.11.1.4.2 Tratamiento:
-V K]IV\W IT UWUMV\W XIZI TI XZWXW[QKQ~V LMT KW\MRW LM TM\ZI[ W MV [] KI[W LMT KW\MRW LM
TI KWXQI KWV MT WZQOQVIT [M [QO]M TI UQ[UI ZMOTI LMT IZ\ LMT +~LQOW Y]M IVITQbIUW[
IV\M[ 4W UQ[UW XIZI TI XZnK\QKI LMT KW\MRW LM KWXQI KWV WZQOQVIT MV TW[ \uZUQVW[ LMT IZ\
!XnZZINWXZQUMZW
8IZITIXZnK\QKILMTKW\MRWLMTM\ZI[MTIZ\+8+5M`QOMTILM[QOVIKQ~VMVR]QKQWLM]V
M`XMZ\WKITyOZINWMTK]IT\ZIJIRIZnKWVLW[UI\MZQITM["LM]VTILWMTLWK]UMV\WQUX]OVILW
a LM W\ZW ]V LWK]UMV\W LM K]aI I]\WZyI VW [M L]LM LI QO]IT Y]M \IUJQuV WJZM MV I]\W[
W LMJI [MZ \ZIyLW I XZM[MVKQI LMT M`XMZ\W XIZI [] MUXTMW MT K]IT ZMKQJM MT VWUJZM LM
LWK]UMV\W QVL]JQ\ILW -T UQ[UW IZ\ QLMV\QKI Y]u LWK]UMV\W[ [MZ^QZnV XIZI MTTW"
TW[QV[\Z]UMV\W[ZMKWVWKQLW[KWUW\ITM[XWZ\WLI[TI[XIZ\M[TW[K]MZXW[LMM[KZQ\]ZIY]M
O]ZMVMVM[KZQ\]ZI[XJTQKI[TW[QV[\Z]UMV\W[XZQ^ILW[Y]M\W\ITWXIZKQITUMV\MKWV\MVOIV
M[KZQ\]ZI ZMKWVWKQLI XWZ IY]uT I Y]QMV [M TM I\ZQJ]aM TI L]LW[I W XWZ TW UMVW[ [] ZUI
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,M VW M[\IZ LQ[XWVQJTM VQVO]VW LM MTTW[ PIJZn Y]M KWV[\Q\]QZ ]VI U]M[\ZI LM M[KZQ\]ZI
Y]M X]MLI [MZ^QZ LM KWV\ZI[\M I K]aW[ MNMK\W[ I}ILM MT UQ[UW XZMKMX\W Y]M [M WZLMVM I
TI XMZ[WVI LM TI Y]M [M LQ[K]\M [Q M[ I]\WZI W VW LMT LWK]UMV\W QUX]OVILW Y]M M[KZQJI
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aIY]MTIXZ]MJIY]MMUIVILMTUQ[UWVWM[[]XMZQWZITI[LMUn[XZ]MJI[;;<; LMVW^QMUJZMLM!
LMLQKQMUJZMLM!LMNMJZMZWLMaVWKWV[\Q\]aMXZ]MJITMOITW tasada respecto de su veracidad
QV\ZyV[MKIY]MX]MLM[MZLM[^QZ\]ILIXWZTW[LMUn[MTMUMV\W[XZWJI\WZQW[;;<;LM LMNMJZMZWa!LMUIaW
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383
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WKQVILMZMKMXKQ~VITLM[\QVI\IZQWKWXQIY]M[]Z\QZnMNMK\W[LMLWK]UMV\WXZQ^ILWZMKWVWKQLW
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documentos privados
4WIV\MZQWZVWWJ[\IXIZIY]MMVK]ITY]QMZM[\ILWLMTXZWKMLQUQMV\WMT2]MbXZM^MVOIITIXIZ\MTIXZM[MV\IKQ~V
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admitidas.
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+
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u[\IUMLQIV\MW\ZI[XZ]MJI[-TNMLI\IZQWIKZMLQ\IY]MPI\MVQLWITI^Q[\IMTWZQOQVITaY]MTINW\WKWXQI sobre la
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documento reconocido \QMVMMTUQ[UW^ITWZY]MTIM[KZQ\]ZIXJTQKIMV\ZMTW[Y]MTWP]JQM[MV[][KZQ\Wa[][
KI][IPIJQMV\M[XWZTWY]MPIKMXZ]MJIZM[XMK\WLMTI[LMKTIZIKQWVM[PMKPI[MVMTTW[XWZY]QMVM[TW[][KZQJQMZWV
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documento acreditaba la percepcin por la actora de la cantidad de un milln de pesetas como consecuencia de
TIM`\QVKQ~VLMTXZQUMZKWV\ZI\WaMVKWV[MK]MVKQITIUQ[UIVWW[\MV\IJILMZMKPWITO]VW[WJZMMTQVU]MJTM
<ITWK]ZZMKWVTIZMXW[QKQ~VLMLM\MZUQVILW[\y\]TW[UMZKIV\QTM["^MZIZ\! ++WUXIZITIKIZ\ILMMUJIZY]M"
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384
2.11.2.1 Concepto:
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[M XZM\MVLM LM Y]QMV W[\MV\I MT KIZnK\MZ LM XIZ\M MV ]V XZWKM[W W X]MLM [][\Q\]QZTM I M[\W[
MNMK\W[WJ\MVMZQVNWZUIKQ~VXMZ\QVMV\Ma\QTZMTIKQWVILIKWVTW[PMKPW[KWV\ZW^MZ\QLW[4I
declaracin de parte se presenta como el medio de prueba heredero de las antigua prueba
LM KWVNM[Q~V W LM XW[QKQWVM[ MV R]QKQW LM K]aI LMVWUQVIKQ~V [QV MUJIZOW [M IXIZ\I XIZI
M^Q\IZTI[KWVVW\IKQWVM[VMOI\Q^I[Y]MIY]uTTIXZW^WKIJILMJQLW[WJZM\WLWITUWLWK~UW
XWLyI QV\MV\IZ IZZIVKIZ[M TI ILUQ[Q~V LM TW[ PMKPW[ IT []RM\W QVKT][W UMLQIV\M KWIKKQWVM[
W \WZ\]ZI[ JQMV M[ KQMZ\W Y]M KWV UMVW[ NZMK]MVKQI MV XZWKM[W[ KQ^QTM[ 6ILI LM MTTW \QMVM
en todo caso cabida en un proceso moderno y pleno de garantas como el regulado en
MT IK\]IT +8+5 -V XZQVKQXQW a KWV KIZnK\MZ OMVMZIT MV TI LMKTIZIKQ~V LM XIZ\M [M XQLM
MT QV\MZZWOI\WZQW LMT KWV\ZIZQW [MI IK\WZ W LMUIVLILW KWV MT V LM Y]M ZMKWVWbKI
LM\MZUQVILW[PMKPW[Y]MTM[WVLM[NI^WZIJTM[aY]MXZMKQ[IUMV\MXWZILUQ\QZ[]M`Q[\MVKQI
[M\WUIKWUWM`XZM[Q~VLM^MZIKQLIL
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XIZI MV\MVLMZVW[ LM ]V I]\WQV\MZZWOI\WZQW LM [] IJWOILW [QV XMZR]QKQW LMT LMZMKPW LM
ZuXTQKI Y]M \MVLZyI TI XIZ\M KWV\ZIZQI -V M[\M KI[W TI LMKTIZIKQ~V LM XIZ\M N]VKQWVI
KWUW ]VI M`XZM[Q~V LM I]\WLMNMV[I a LM MRMZKQKQW LMT LMZMKPW LM I]LQMVKQI Y]M ^QMVM I
KWUXTMUMV\IZ TI Y]M aI [M TM XMZUQ\M UMLQIV\M TI NI[M LM ITMOIKQWVM[ -V ZMITQLIL KILI
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aM[KTIZMKMZIZUIKQWVM[IV\MZQWZM[
2.11.2.2.1 La parte:
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XWZMTLMTIKWV\ZIZQI\IV[~TWLMJMMTR]Mb^MZQKIZY]MM[IXMZ[WVIKQ~VaI[MPIILUQ\QLW
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385
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LM[X]u[8WZ\IV\W[QaIPIaXZWKM[WLMUIVLIILUQ\QLII\ZnUQ\MTQ\Q[XMVLMVKQITIKWV\ZIXIZ\M\QMVMY]M[MZ
ZMITVWXW\MVKQIT
386
2.11.2.3.3 Contrainterrogatorio:
4IXIZ\MKWV\ZIZQIIY]QuVPI[WTQKQ\ILWTIXZ]MJI\MVLZnLMZMKPWI]VKWV\ZIQV\MZZWOI\WZQW
MT K]IT KWVNWZUM IT IZ\ LMT +~LQOW [M TTM^IZn I KIJW I\MVLQMVLW I TI[ XZM^Q[QWVM[
LM M[\I O]ZI XZWXQI LM TI XZ]MJI LM \M[\QOW[ IZ\ TW Y]M QUXTQKI MV [yV\M[Q[ []
NWZU]TIKQ~V\IUJQuVWZITaTIXW[QJQTQLILLM]VIZuXTQKIXWZTIXIZ\MXZWXWVMV\MaT]MOW
]V [MO]VLW KWV\ZIQV\MZZWOI\WZQW XWZ TI XIZ\M KWV\ZIZQI Y]M PI KWV\ZIQV\MZZWOILW IV\M[
Volveremos sobre esto en el tema siguiente.
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cada parte declarase a su propia conveniencia y los interrogatorios se convertiran
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los declarados por la parte.
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aportados por otros medios probatorios.
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mentalmente para testar.
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nUJQ\W[ LM [] QV\QUQLIL XMZ[WVIT a NIUQTQIZ ;M \ZI\I Un[ TQUQ\ILIUMV\M LM
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-T +~LQOW MV\ZM W\ZI[ KQZK]V[\IVKQI[ IL^QMZ\M MV M[\M IZ\ Y]M VW [MZn
ILUQ[QJTM TI XZ]MJI XIZI QUX]OVIZ W [W[\MVMZ TI KZMLQJQTQLIL LM ]V \M[\QOW Y]M
[M ZMMZI I [][ KZMMVKQI[ ZMTQOQW[I[ I TI KIZMVKQI LM MTTI[ W I [][ KWV^QKKQWVM[
polticas.
O -TQV\MV\IZXZWJIZY]MTILMXW[QKQ~VLMT\M[\QOWVW[MN]VLIMV]VKWVWKQUQMV\WLM
TW[PMKPW[[QVWMV]VUMZWR]QKQWLM^ITWZLMZQ^ILWLM[][KZMMVKQI[XIZ\QK]TIZM["
M[\WM[UMZI[[]XW[QKQWVM[WM[XMK]TIKQWVM[[WJZMTWY]MX]LWWVW[]KMLMZ[MOV
MT \M[\QOW I ^QZ\]L LM TI VI\]ZITMbI LMT PMKPW W LM TI WXQVQ~V Y]M \QMVM MT \M[\QOW
LMTI[XIZ\M[<WLWMTTW[MZyIM`XZM[Q^WLMY]MMT\M[\QOWVWK]UXTMKWVMTI\ZQJ]\W
M[MVKQITXIZILMKTIZIZM`IZ\+8+5
401
2.11.3.7 Valoracin:
) NIT\I LM ]V XZMKMX\W KWVKZM\W MV MT IZ\QK]TILW LM M[\I XZ]MJI Y]M I[y TW P]JQMZI
M[\IJTMKQLW M[XMKyKIUMV\M XIZI MTTI PI LM IXTQKIZ[M TI WZLMV OMVMZIT LMT IZ\ LMT
+~LQOW MV K]IV\W I TI ^ITWZIKQ~V LMT \M[\QUWVQW KWVNWZUM I TI[ ZMOTI[ LM TI [IVI KZy\QKI
TQJZM XMZW ZIbWVILI IXZMKQIKQ~V +WUW XIZnUM\ZW[ I KWV[QLMZIZ MV M[I TIJWZ PIZn JQMV
MTR]MbW\ZQJ]VITMVO]QIZ[MXWZTI[XI]\I[Y]MTMWNZMKMMTaIUMVKQWVILWIZ\LWVLM
KWUW ^MyIUW[ [M MV]VKQIV TW[ LQ[\QV\W[ NZMV\M[ Y]M X]MLMV KWVLQKQWVIZ W ZMNWZbIZ TI
KZMLQJQTQLILLMT\M[\QOWMVKILIKI[W-[QUXWZ\IV\M\MVMZMVK]MV\IY]MMT+~LQOWPIP]QLW
LMXZM^MZKWUWKI][I[LMQVKIXIKQLILLMT\M[\QOWTILM[]XW[QJTMXIZKQITQLILI[yY]MM[\I
K]M[\Q~V [Q JQMV LM[LM T]MOW \QMVM Y]M QV\MV\IZ [MZ LM[MV\ZI}ILI XWZ MT \ZQJ]VIT IT LQK\IZ
[MV\MVKQI]VI^Mb[MPIaIVITMOILWUW\Q^W[XIZIL]LIZLMMTTIXWZTIXIZ\MKWV\ZIZQIITI
Y]M XMZR]LQKI [] LQKPW KWVNWZUI ]V M[\ILW LM [W[XMKPI Y]M I NIT\I LM XZ]MJI KQMZ\I VW
X]MLM\WUIZ[MKWUW[QUXTMJ]TWXIZITILM[KITQKIKQ~VLMT\M[\QOWI[yY]MMVKI[WLML]LI
el testigo debe ser reputado imparcial.
5n[ ITTn LM M[\I[ LQZMK\ZQKM[ OMVuZQKI[ TI TMa VW X]MLM [][\Q\]QZ IT R]Mb MV ]V \ZIJIRW
LM ZIb~V a M`XMZQMVKQI Y]M [~TW I u[\M KWZZM[XWVLM LM[XTMOIVLW [][ Un`QUI[ LM
TI M`XMZQMVKQI a IVITQbIVLW TI KWVKWZLIVKQI LM TI[ LMKTIZIKQWVM[ [Q [WV ^IZQI[ TI[
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403
404
2.11.4.2 El perito:
2.11.4.2.1 Condiciones y nmero:
;M}ITI MT IZ\ LMT +~LQOW Y]M XWLZnV [MZ LM[QOVILW[ XMZQ\W[ Y]QMV XW[MIV
\y\]TW WKQIT MV TI UI\MZQI KQMVKQI W IZ\M LM Y]M [M \ZI\M -V KI[W LM VW M`Q[\QZ ZMO]TILI
M[I \Q\]TIKQ~V UMLQI W []XMZQWZ [M VWUJZIZn MT XMZQ\W MV\ZM XMZ[WVI[ MV\MVLQLI[ MV TI
UI\MZQI TW Y]M X]MLM []XWVMZ W JQMV Y]M [M KWV[]T\M KWV M`XMZ\W[ Y]M [y PIV WJ\MVQLW
M[I \Q\]TIKQ~V MV MT M`\ZIVRMZW XZM^QI R][\QKIKQ~V LWK]UMV\IT LM MTTW# JQMV LM Y]M [M
\ZI\MV TW[ KWVWKQUQMV\W[ ZMY]MZQLW[ Un[ JQMV LM yVLWTM XZnK\QKI Y]M \M~ZQKI a XWZ \IV\W
TW Y]M QUXWZ\M M[ KWVWKMZ MT KZQ\MZQW LM Y]QMVM[ []MTMV \ZIJIRIZ MV M[M KIUXW IK\Q^QLILM[
KWUMZKQITM[#LMXZM[\IKQ~VLM[MZ^QKQW[
-[KTIZITI^WT]V\ILLMTITMaLMZML]KQZMVXZQVKQXQWMTVUMZWLMXMZQ\W[QV\MZ^QVQMV\M[
I]VWXWZKILI]VILMTI[XIZ\M[IZ\[a [MIXIZITIZMITQbIKQ~VM`\ZIR]LQKQITW
R]LQKQITLMLQK\IUMVITMNMK\WXZWX]M[\W
+WV\WLWXZM^uTITMaY]MTI[XIZ\M[X]MLIVXWVMZ[MLMIK]MZLWMVTIMTMKKQ~VLM]V
XMZQ\W VQKW MV MT MV\MVLQLW LM Y]M TW [MZn XIZI ZMITQbIZ MT LQK\IUMV LMV\ZW LMT XZWKM[W
VW IV\M[" I[y MT IZ\ M[\IJTMKM Y]M TI[ XIZ\M[ LM KWUV IK]MZLW a PI[\I TI I]LQMVKQI
XZMXIZI\WZQI LMT XZWKM[W KWUV W PI[\I TI I]LQMVKQI LM XZ]MJI MV MT XZWKM[W IJZM^QILW
XWZ IXTQKIKQ~V LMT IZ\ T\QUW XnZZINW XWLZnV XZM[MV\IZ ]V M[KZQ\W XZWXWVQMVLW TI
QLMV\QLILLMTXMZQ\WaMTWJRM\WLM[]M`IUMV
6WXIZMKMT~OQKWI]VY]MXWLZyIWK]ZZQZMVITOVKI[WY]MM[MIK]MZLW[MX]MLINZIO]IZ
IV\M[LMMV\IJTIZ[MLMUIVLIXMZW[QI[yN]MZMPIJZyIY]MM[XMZIZKWUWUyVQUWIT\ZnUQ\M
LM KWV\M[\IKQ~V I TI LMUIVLI XIZI ^MZQKIZ Y]M MT IK]MZLW M`Q[\M XWZY]M MT LMUIVLILW
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406
6W XIZMKM MV M[\I NI[M R]LQKQIT Y]M MT XMZQ\W LQ[XWVOI LM UIZOMV XIZI VMOIZ[M
IT VWUJZIUQMV\W a LM[LM T]MOW VW XWZY]M TM X]MLI XIZMKMZ XWKW QV\MZM[IV\M
MT MVKIZOW W Y]M TM ^I I ZMXWZ\IZ XWKI ZM\ZQJ]KQ~V MKWV~UQKI 6W [WV KI][I[
R][\QKILI[ XIZI VMOIZ[M I I[]UQZ MT KIZOW VQKIUMV\M TW M[ KWVNWZUM I M[\M
UQ[UW IZ\ MT M`K][IZ[M XWZ KWVK]ZZQZ MV TI XMZ[WVI LMT M`XMZ\W ITO]VI
KI][I LM IJ[\MVKQ~V ^OZ LM ZMK][IKQ~V" TI[ ^MZMUW[ IPWZI MV K]aW KI[W LMJMZn
procederse a la designacin de otro.
K
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ITMOI ITO]VI KQZK]V[\IVKQI Y]M VW [QMVLW LM IJ[\MVKQ~V ZM^MTI ]VI QUXW[QJQTQLIL
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\uKVQKWKQMV\yKWIZ\y[\QKWWXZnK\QKW#JQMVXWZY]MMV[]KI[WMTXMZQ\WKIZMbKILMT
407
2.11.4.2.2.2 Derechos:
I *n[QKIUMV\M MT XMZQ\W \QMVM LMZMKPW I Y]M [M TM ZM\ZQJ]aI XWZ TI ZMITQbIKQ~V LM []
\ZIJIRW ,M V]M^W XZWKMLM LQ[\QVO]QZ MV M[\M X]V\W MV\ZM TI XMZQKQI M`\ZIR]LQKQIT
aTIR]LQKQIT"MVTIXZQUMZI^IZQIV\MaMVTIbIVLWKWVTWY]MIV\M[KWUMV\IUW[TI
M[\ZQK\IZMTIKQ~VKTQMV\MTIZLM\MZUQVIZnMTXIK\WMV\ZMIUJW[[WJZMK]nV\WaLMY]u
UWLWXWZILMTIV\ILWKWVXZW^Q[Q~VQVQKQITLM]VXWZKMV\IRMaMTZM[\WITVITQbIZ
MT XZWKM[W M\K XMZKQJQZn MT XMZQ\W [][ MUWT]UMV\W[ +WV \WLW [Q MT XMZQ\W VW
hubiera cobrado nada y el dictamen se presenta con la demanda o la contestacin
[MOV Y]M MT MVKIZOIV\M N]M[M MT IK\WZ W MT LMUIVLILW W MT ZMKWV^QVQMV\M W MT
ZMKWV^MVQLWXIZMKMTWT~OQKWY]MMTXMZQ\WY]MVWPIZMKQJQLW[I\Q[NIKKQ~VITO]VI
TM [MI IXTQKILW MT ZuOQUMV LM TI XMZQKQI LM LM[QOVIKQ~V R]LQKQIT \IUJQuV I M[\W[
efectos de cobro.
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[WTQKQ\M MV MT XTIbW LM TW[ \ZM[ LyI[ [QO]QMV\M[ I [] LM[QOVIKQ~V XMZW VILI QUXQLM
Y]M TW PIOI \IUJQuV a posteriori TI XIZ\M XZWXWVMV\M LMXW[Q\IZn TI []UI Y]M RM
MT \ZQJ]VIT KWVNWZUM I TW[ IZIVKMTM[ R]LQKQITM[ TW K]IT [M TM VW\QKIZn KWV\IVLW
entonces con cinco das para formalizar el depsito so pena sino de acordarse el
LM[Q[\QUQMV\W LM TI XZ]MJI IZ\ ! +8+5 -V MT KI[W LM Y]M TI XMZQKQI [MI LM
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408
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KWVLMVIZ MV KW[\I[ TI XIZ\M XZWXWVMV\M KIZOIZn LMVQ\Q^IUMV\M KWV M[W[ OI[\W[
;IT^WY]M[M\ZI\IZMLMXMZQ\W[XZM[MV\ILW[KWVR]V\IUMV\MMVK]aWKI[W[M[MO]QZn
ZMXIZ\QMVLW TI UQV]\I I XIZ\M[ QO]ITM[ X]M[\W Y]M IUJI[ M[\]^QMZWV LM IK]MZLW
con aprovecharse de sus servicios.
&RQWURODEVWHQFLyQ\UHFXVDFLyQ
2.11.4.2.3.1 Qu se puede alegar:
4I QUXIZKQITQLIL LMT XMZQ\W [M KWVO]ZI KWUW ]V ZMY]Q[Q\W M[MVKQIT LM [] KIZOW VW
[QUXTMUMV\MKWUW]VUW\Q^WLM[W[XMKPII^ITWZIZKWV^MVQMV\MUMV\MMVTI[MV\MVKQIKWUW
WK]ZZMMVTIXZ]MJILM\M[\QOW[,M\ITUWLWY]M[Q[MIKZMLQ\ITIKWVK]ZZMVKQILMITO]VI
KQZK]V[\IVKQI Y]M TTM^M I LM[^QZ\]IZ IY]MT I\ZQJ]\W MT XMZQ\W LMJM [MZ M`KT]QLW [QV Un[ a
XZWKMLMZ[MI[][][\Q\]KQ~VXWZW\ZWLMQO]IT\Q\]TIKQ~VWKWVWKQUQMV\W[XZnK\QKW[
) \IT MNMK\W MT R]Mb LMJMZ QVNWZUIZ IT XMZQ\W IT KWU]VQKIZTM TI LM[QOVIKQ~V LM [] KIZOW
Y]M LMJMZn XWVMZ LM UIVQM[\W [Q M`Q[\M ITO]VI ZMTIKQ~V LM XIZMV\M[KW W LM IUQ[\IL W
LM MVMUQ[\IL KWV ITO]VI LM TI[ XIZ\M[ W [Q \QMVM QV\MZu[ MV MT ZM[]T\ILW LMT XZWKM[W IZ\
+8+5IVLMY]MVW[MTM\WUMR]ZIUMV\Wa[MXZWKMLILQZMK\IUMV\MIVWUJZIZI
otroen los tres das siguientes a la recepcin de la abstencin.
-V K]ITY]QMZ KI[W [Q MT XMZQ\W KITTI KWV[KQMV\MUMV\M W XWZY]M VW KZMM [QVKMZIUMV\M
Y]M KWVK]ZZI VQVO]VI KI][I LM XIZKQITQLIL K]ITY]QMZI LM TI[ XIZ\M[ I TI Y]M [] QVNWZUM
X]MLI XMZR]LQKIZTM XWLZn ITMOIZ TI KI][I LM XIZKQITQLIL Y]M aI VW [MZn LM IJ[\MVKQ~V
[QVW LM ZMK][IKQ~V MV TW[ \ZM[ LyI[ [QO]QMV\M[ I Y]M TI[ XIZ\M[ \MVOIV KWVWKQUQMV\W XWZ
[MZTM VW\QKILI TI LM[QOVIKQ~V LMT M`XMZ\W IZ\ PIJTI LM TW[ \ZM[ LyI[ [QO]QMV\M[ I TI
LM[QOVIKQ~VXMZW[QVWPI[QLWVW\QKILWLMMTTIUITX]MLMMRMZKQ\IZ[MKWV\ZWTITO]VW
)]VY]MVWTWKWVKZM\ITITMaXIZMKMT~OQKWY]MVWJI[\MKWVTIUMZILMV]VKQILMTUW\Q^W[QVW
Y]Mu[\MPIJZnLMXZWJIZ[M
*QMVUMLQIV\MXZ]MJILWK]UMV\ITJQMVUMLQIV\M\M[\QOW[Y]M[MWNZMKMZnIT\ZQJ]VITXIZI
[MZWyLW[MVM[W[\ZM[LyI[WQVKT][WIXWZ\IVLWQVNWZUM[XMZQKQITM[IV\MZQWZM[MVKIZOILW[XWZ
MTUQ[UWTQ\QOIV\MY]MX]LQMZIVZM^MTIZ]VIZMTIKQ~VKWV\QV]ILILMKWVIVbILMu[\MKWVMT
perito.
409
410
-T\ZQJ]VIT^ITWZIZn[QTIXZ]MJIZM[]T\IXMZ\QVMV\Ma\QTa[QM[I[y[MXZWKMLMZnI
su nombramiento en el plazo de tres das desde la conclusin del sealado para
KWV\M[\IZTILMUIVLIQVLMXMVLQMV\MUMV\MLMK]nTLMTI[XIZ\M[P]JQMZI[WTQKQ\ILW
TIXMZQKQIR]LQKQIT:MOTIY]MPILMUWL]TIZ[MMVMTXZWKM[WIJZM^QILWMVZMTIKQ~V
KWVTII]LQMVKQILMXZ]MJILMIK]MZLWKWVMTXZWXQWIZ\ XnZZINW\MZKMZW
-V\MVLMUW[ Y]M LMV\ZW LM M[\I[ ZIbWVM[ LM ]ZOMVKQI X]MLMV \IUJQuV QVKT]QZ[M
TI[Q\]IKQ~VLMY]QMVXWZKIZMKMZLMZMK]Z[W[MKWV~UQKW[[]KQMV\M[XIZIINZWV\IZ
]VIKWV\ZI\IKQ~VTQJMZITLMTXMZQ\WKWVNWZUMITI[M`QOMVKQI[LMIY]MTTW[IY]QMVM[
[MLQZQOQ~LMJIWX\IZXWZ]VILM[QOVIKQ~VR]LQKQITY]M\ZIMZnKWV[QOWTIZMO]TIKQ~V
LMM[W[PWVWZIZQW[XWZIZIVKMTTWY]MX]MLMZM[]T\IZTMUn[MY]Q\I\Q^W
J )[QUQ[UW \IUJQuV XZWKMLMZn TI LM[QOVIKQ~V R]LQKQIT MV KI[W LM IK]MZLW MV\ZM
TI[ XIZ\M[ MV TW[ \uZUQVW[ LMT IZ\ +8+5 Y]M aI IVITQbIUW[ MV MT MXyOZINM
[MO]VLW ZMTI\Q^W IT VUMZW LM XMZQ\W[ 4I XZ]MJI [M XZWXWVLZn IY]y PI[\I TI
I]LQMVKQI XZMXIZI\WZQI XZWKM[W KWUV W MV TI ^Q[\I WZIT LMT IJZM^QILW XWZ
IXTQKIKQ~VLMTIZ\ T\QUWXnZZINW
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R]LQKQIT LMT LQK\IUMV K]IVLW [M \ZI\M LM XMLQZ XZ]MJI XMZQKQIT LM KWV\ZI[\M
precisamente para desvirtuar el valor de algn informe aportado en las fases
previas del proceso por la parte contraria. Dicho de otro modo: el derecho a
LMNMVLMZ[M LM TI XZ]MJI LMNMK\]W[I W NIT[I VW XI[I VQKIUMV\M XWZ QV\MZZWOIZ
IT XMZQ\W Y]M PI ZMLIK\ILW MT LQK\IUMV LQ[K]\QLW [QVW \IUJQuV [Q [M XZMMZM
XWZ IXWZ\IZ ]VI XMZQKQI LM [QOVW KWV\ZIZQW K]aI UIaWZ [WTQLMb \uKVQKI a KTIZQLIL
M`XW[Q\Q^IZM[]T\MUn[KWV^QVKMV\MLMKILIITIN]\]ZI[MV\MVKQI
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MT LQK\IUMV MV TI NI[M LM ITMOIKQWVM[ [QV Y]M XIZMbKI []KQMV\M XIZI [IT\IZ[M MT
ZuOQUMVXZMKT][Q^WTIITMOIKQ~VLM]VI[QUXTMK]M[\Q~VLMKWV^MVQMVKQI5n[JQMV
K]IVLWM[\M PIJTILMXZ]MJIXMZ\QVMV\Ma\QTLMJM[MZTW\IUJQuVMVMT[MV\QLW
LMXZ]MJIY]MR][\QKILIUMV\MVWX]LW[WTQKQ\IZ[MIV\M[a[yIPWZI
411
266 )TZM[XMK\W\IV\WTIR]ZQ[XZ]LMVKQIKWUWTILWK\ZQVIPIV[W[\MVQLWY]MXIZIY]MTIXMZQ\IKQ~V\MVOI^ITQLMb
M[ QVLQ[XMV[IJTM Y]M MT LQK\IUMV [M TQUQ\M I TW[ X]V\W[ Y]M PIV [QLW XTIV\MILW[ I TW[ XMZQ\W[ LM \IT []MZ\M
Y]M MT LQK\IUMV [WJZM X]V\W[ LQ[\QV\W[ KIZMKM LM MKIKQI XZWJI\WZQI ,M TW M`X]M[\W [M KWVKT]aM Y]M TI
XZ]MJIXMZQKQITIXWZ\ILIITXZWKM[WKIZMKMLMMKIKQIXZWJI\WZQIXWZK]IV\W[MJI[~MVMTIVnTQ[Q[LMPMKPW[VW
[WUM\QLW[I[]KWVWKQUQMV\W";MV\MVKQILMTI;ITILMTW+Q^QTLMTI+WZ\M;]XZMUILM LMNMJZMZWLM
LQK\ILIITI[PPZMN+I+
413
2.11.4.5 Valoracin:
Dos cuestiones convienen que resaltemos en este apartado:
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8MZW I]VY]M VW N]M[M I[y a WJZI[M ]V VQKW LQK\IUMV \IUXWKW [MZn XZ]MJI \I[ILI
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414
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aspectos:
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M`\MZVIUMV\MaK]aILM[^MTIUQMV\WX]MLIINMK\IZITLMZMKPWKWV[\Q\]KQWVIT
I TI QV\QUQLIL LM TI XMZ[WVI [IT^W Y]M TI XZWXQI XMZ[WVI KWV[QV\QMZI
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producir la conculcacin de derechos fundamentales.
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dicha prueba.
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el Cdigo Penal.
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la sana crtica.
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periciales igualmente practicadas.
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)LMUn[LMTI[WJZI[OMVMZITM[KQ\ILI[ITVITLMT<y\]TW8ZMTQUQVIZZMKWUMVLIUW[".76<
;-::) -L]IZLW" El dictamen de peritos y el reconocimiento judicial en el proceso civil 4I 4Ma
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! #7:<1B6)>)+-::),);IV\QIOW"La prueba de documentos en el proceso civil. Estudio
jurisprudencial4I4Ma)K\]ITQLIL5ILZQL!!#576<6:-,76,7)TJMZ\W"Los nuevos
medios de prueba y la posibilidad de su uso en el proceso=VQ^MZ[QLILLM;ITIUIVKI!a5MLQW[
LMZMXZWL]KKQ~VLMTIQUIOMVaMT[WVQLWMVLa prueba (AA.VV.)+/82V5ILZQL#
215j6-B+76,-.MZVIVLW"El interrogatorio de las partes en el proceso civil<PWU[WV:M]\MZ[
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424
2.12.4 Objeciones
2.12.4.1 Sistema general de las objeciones
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fundamentalmente en relacin al interrogatorio de testigos.
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2.12.4.4 Objeciones a las respuestas de las partes, los testigos y los peritos
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probatoria. Las diligencias para mejor proveer.
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]VI LM TI[ XIZ\M[ M`XWVM IT R]Mb XWZ M[KZQ\W TI[ KWVKT][QWVM[ Y]M TM[ []OQMZMV TI[ XZ]MJI[
XZWL]KQLI[MVMTXZWKM[W)KTIZIY]MMVKWV[MK]MVKQIVWXZWKMLMY]MMVuTTW[TQ\QOIV\M[
QV\ZWL]bKIVK]M[\QWVM[WLMNMV[I[Y]MVWN]MZWVXZWX]M[\I[MVWXWZ\]VQLILLMTILMUIVLI
KWV\M[\IKQ~VWZMKWV^MVKQ~VLMJQMVLWTQUQ\IZ[MILM[\IKIZMTUuZQ\WWXWLMZLMKWV^QKKQ~V
LMTW[MTMUMV\W[XZWJI\WZQW[[QMUXZMMVN]VKQ~VLMTW[PMKPW[Y]MN]MZWVWJRM\WLMTITQ\Q[
TW[K]ITM[Y]MLIVLMVQ\Q^IUMV\MRILW[MVIY]MTTI[WXWZ\]VQLILM[
5IV\MVQMVLWTI[KIZIK\MZy[\QKI[\ZILQKQWVITM[LMTITMOI\WMTKIXy\]TWY]MKWUMV\IUW[ZMO]TI
[] KWV\MVQLW a NWZUI WX\IVLW XWZ ]V NWZUI\W WZIT IKWZLM KWV MT Y]M QV[XQZI TI[ TyVMI[
OMVMZITM[LMTV]M^W[Q[\MUIXZWKM[ITMQVLQKIVLW[]VITQLILY]M[MZnTILMKWVKZM\IZa
IR][\IZLMVQ\Q^IUMV\M\IV\WTW[PMKPW[ITMOILW[KWUWTIXZM\MV[Q~VITI^Q[\ILMTZM[]T\ILW
LMTIXZnK\QKILMTI[XZ]MJI[IZ\4IVWZUIIOZMOIY]MVW[MILUQ\QZnVMVVQVOV
KI[WITMOI\W[Y]M[]XWVOIVKIUJQWLMTIXZM\MV[Q~V\ITKWUWY]ML~RILIMVTII]LQMVKQI
XZMXIZI\WZQI# XMZW [y TI[ XZMKQ[QWVM[ UWLQKIKQWVM[ W ZMK\QKIKQWVM[ VW M[MVKQITM[ Y]M [M
razonen como derivadas lgicamente del resultado de la audiencia probatoria.
;MM[\IJTMKMVXI]\I[LMKWV\MVQLWXIZITI[XIZ\M[Y]MXZWK]ZIV]VZMTI\WKTIZWaWZLMVILW
LM TW[ PMKPW[ Y]M [M KWV[QLMZMV XZWJILW[ KWV TI QVLQKIKQ~V LM TI[ XZ]MJI[ Y]M TW[
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439
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276 +W]\]ZM-L]IZLW2WJKQ\X[ a[[
443
444
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*]MVW[)QZM[4IVLWVQLQZMK\WZ/IZLMZM[/~UM[/WVbnTMb>ITMV\yVX[!a[[
445
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LMZMKPW[Y]M[MQV\MV\IIKZMLQ\IZ
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K
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TI[ ZMOTI[ Y]M KWV[IOZIV TI \IZQNI TMOIT [WV MV]VKQILI[ XWZ M`XMZ\W[ MV LMZMKPW a
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aI Y]M KWUW LQKM ,->1; -+0)6,) M[ TI R][\QKQI LM TI[ UQ[UI[ TW Y]M
verdaderamente importa.
J
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KWVVI\]ZITTTM^~IY]MXWKWIXWKW[MLM[^QZ\]IZIKWUXTM\IUMV\MaKWUWQVLQKIV
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[MZnV ^ITWZILI[ LM IK]MZLW KWV TI[ ZMOTI[ LM TI [IVI KZy\QKI QVKT]aMVLW MV M[M UIZKW I TI
LMKTIZIKQ~V LM XIZ\M a [] M^MV\]IT ZM[]T\ILW TI KWVNM[Q~V Y]M VW PIKM XTMVI XZ]MJI [QVW
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446
448
2.13.4 Sentencia
;MKWUXTM\IMVM[\I[MKKQ~VTIZMO]TIKQ~VTMOITLMTI[MV\MVKQIM[\IJTMKQuVLW[MMTXTIbWLM
Y]MLQ[XWVMMTR]MbXIZILQK\IZTITI[KWV[MK]MVKQI[MVKI[WLMQVK]UXTQUQMV\WLMTXTIbWa
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remitimos.
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449
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LMITMOIKQ~VKWV\M[\IKQ~VITILMUIVLIXZ]MJIa[MV\MVKQIMVI]LQMVKQI
4IZMO]TIKQ~VLMTXZWKM[WIJZM^QILWVWKWV\QMVMVWZUI[LMQV\MOZIKQ~VKWVTI[IT^MLILLM
TIZMTI\Q^IITIXZWL]KKQ~VLMTIXZ]MJII[XMK\WMVMTY]M[MZMUQ\MITI[ZMOTI[LMTXZWKM[W
KWUV6WWJ[\IV\M[MZnVMKM[IZQWQV\MOZIZTI[LQ[XW[QKQWVM[LMTXZWKM[WIJZM^QILWKWVTI
VWZUI\Q^I Y]M ZQOM MT XZWKM[W KWUV Y]M QV\MOZI MT OuVMZW LM TW[ XZWKM[W[ LMKTIZI\Q^W[
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TWLQ[X]M[\WMVMTIZ\yK]TW!LMT+8+5
2.14.2 La demanda
-V M[\W[ XZWKM[W[ [M XZM[MV\IZn ]VI LMUIVLI [QUXTQKILI XWZ M[KZQ\W Y]M LMJMZn
KWV\MVMZ TW[ ZMY]Q[Q\W[ XZM^Q[\W[ MV MT IZ\yK]TW " LM[QOVIKQ~V LMT R]bOILW# QLMV\QKIKQ~V
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previstos en el artculo 276 para la demanda del proceso comn. La principal diferencia
452
2.14.3 La audiencia
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TI LMUIVLI KWV\M[\IKQ~V I TI LMUIVLI M^MV\]IT ZMKWV^MVKQ~V a XZ]MJI XZWXW[QKQ~V a
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MV XZM[MVKQI LMT R]Mb Y]QMV PIJZn LM LQK\IZ [MV\MVKQI IT KIJW LM TI I]LQMVKQI W IV]VKQIZ
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XZWKM[ITM[ LM ITMOIKQ~V KWUW TI KWV\M[\IKQ~V I TI LMUIVLI M^MV\]IT ZMKWV^MVKQ~V a TI
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Las partes tienen la carga de comparecer a la audiencia. Si el demandante no comparece
VQ P]JQMZM ITMOILW R][\I KI][I Y]M UW\Q^M TI [][XMV[Q~V LM TI I]LQMVKQI [M TM \MVLZn XWZ
LM[Q[\QLW LM [] LMUIVLI [QMUXZM Y]M MT LMUIVLILW VW ITMOIZM QV\MZu[ TMOy\QUW MV TI
KWV\QV]IKQ~VLMTXZWKM[W-TLM[Q[\QUQMV\WQUXTQKIZnTIQUXW[QKQ~VLMTI[KW[\I[aTIKWVLMVI
454
460
2.15.1 Introduccin
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LMLQKILWITIXZWKMLMVKQIaKTI[M[LMUMLQLI[KI]\MTIZM[aMT[MO]VLWITIILWXKQ~VLMTI[
medidas y el procedimiento cautelar.
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KI]\MTIZ a TW[ XZQVKQXQW[ Y]M TW KIZIK\MZQbIV QVLQKIVLW T]MOW MT KI\nTWOW LM TI[ UMLQLI[
cautelares previstas.
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KI]\MTIZa[]MRMK]KQ~V
La regulacin del proceso cautelar se desarrolla a partir del principio de universalidad
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2.15.6.4 El secuestro
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-T [MK]M[\ZW X]MLM LMVQZ[M KWUW ]VI UMLQLI KI]\MTIZ Y]M \QMVM XWZ VITQLIL M[XMKyKI
desapoderar materialmente a una persona de un bien sobre el cual se ha iniciado o se
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[MV\MVKQILMVQ\Q^I
475
478
286 +ITIUIVLZMQ8QMZW1V\ZWL]KKQ~VITM[\]LQW[Q[\MUn\QKWLMTI[XZW^QLMVKQI[KI]\MTIZM[4QJZMZyI-T.WZW*]MVW[
)QZM[!!X[!!
287 Se trata de las denominadas medidas provisionales de nuestro CGP.
479
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480
481
482
LIBRO TERCERO
PROCESOS ESPECIALES
3.1 EL PROCESO EJECUTIVO
Santiago Garderes
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de la sentencia.
3.1.1 Introduccin
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TW[ ZM[\IV\M[ XZWKM[W[ a Y]M LMZQ^IV LMT \y\]TW Y]M [QZ^M LM N]VLIUMV\W I TI XZM\MV[Q~V
MRMK]\Q^I
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LM ]VI []UI LM LQVMZW TyY]QLI a M`QOQJTM KWV\MVQLI MV ]V LWK]UMV\W Y]M KWV[\Q\]aM MT
\y\]TW MRMK]\Q^W# I]VY]M KWUW ^MZMUW[ MT +8+5 XMZUQ\M ZMKTIUIZ MT KWJZW LM W\ZI[
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a TI [MV\MVKQI Y]M TW K]TUQVI VW [I\Q[NIKM XWZ [y [WTW TI XZM\MV[Q~V LM KWJZW LMT KZuLQ\W
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LM TI [MV\MVKQI LQK\ILI MV MT XZWKM[W MRMK]\Q^W a M^MV\]ITUMV\M MT ZMUI\M LM TW[ JQMVM[
MUJIZOILW[L]ZIV\MMTXZWKM[WMRMK]\Q^W]W\ZIUMLQLILMMRMK]KQ~VLMTI[XZM^Q[\I[MVMT
nuevo Cdigo.
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483
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492
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demandados o terceros interesado. ;ITILMTW+Q^QTLMTI+WZ\M;]XZMUILM2][\QKQI;IV;IT^ILWZ, dieciocho de
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505
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LM ]V I}W KWV\ILW I XIZ\QZ LMT UWUMV\W MV Y]M \]^W T]OIZ TI XMZ\]ZJIKQ~V W MT
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transcurrido el plazo de tres meses LM[LM Y]M MT IK\WZ KWVWKQMZI TI M`Q[\MVKQI
de la obra.
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virtud de su condicin supletoria.
Lo no dicho al momento es con referencia a la inclusin de la inadmisibilidad como tipo
LM ZMKPIbW XIZI TI LMUIVLI XW[M[WZQI M[\W [M ZM[XWVLM LM UIVMZI [MVKQTTI =\QTQbIVLW
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IJZM^QILWIXTQKIZMUW[TWLQ[X]M[\WMVMTIZ\+8+5
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ministerio de ley.
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TI XZWKMLMVKQI LM TI IXMTIKQ~V IT XZM\MVLMZ QUX]OVIZ ]V I]\W LMVQ\Q^W# W JQMV [Q XIZI TI
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506
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posesorio.
J
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intervencin del demandado.
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como en la intervencin de los abogados de las partes.
509
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LMZWOILWXWZMT+8+5[WVTI[VWZUI[XZWKM[ITM[LMTI4MaLM1VY]QTQVI\W8WZKWV[QO]QMV\MTW[LMZMKPW[a
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a los arrendamientos y subarrendamientos de inmuebles.
510
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del inmueble arrendado por causa de mora.
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L
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TI TMa LM TI UI\MZQI K]IVLW VW P]JQMZMV [QLW QUX]M[\I[ MV MT XZWKM[W XZQVKQXIT
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sustentaron la pretensin.
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iniciativa del contradictorio.
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Entre las diversas formas de procesos especiales de cognicin tpicamente preordenados a la
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516
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MVTIM\IXIXZMTQUQVIZZM[XMK\Q^IIM`KMXKQ~VLMTKI[WLMMV\ZMOILMTIKW[IMVMTY]M[MILUQ\MQVKT][WTI
prueba testimonial en etapa preliminar o preparatoria. El procedimiento presenta las siguientes caractersticas:
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517
527
528
LIBRO CUARTO
LOS MEDIOS DE
IMPUGNACIN
Juan Carlos Cabaas Garca
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prohibicin de reformatio in peius>-NMK\W[LMTW[ZMK]Z[W[>1+~UX]\WLMTW[
plazos
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conformidad con la normativa constitucional.
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KWVVW\IKQ~VKWV[\Q\]KQWVITauna denegativa del mismo, basada en causa inconstitucional o por la imposicin de requisitos e
interpretaciones impeditivas u obstaculizadoras que resulten innecesarias, excesivas o carezcan de razonabilidad o proporcionalidad
ZM[XMK\WLMTW[VM[Y]MTyKQ\IUMV\MX]MLMXMZ[MO]QZMTTMOQ[TILWZWpor la imposicin de condiciones o consecuencias
meramente limitativas o disuasorias del ejercicio de los medios impugnativos legalmente establecidosLM^QMVMMV^QWTI\WZQILMTI
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favorable a la efectividad de los derechos fundamentales.
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4.3.1 Legitimacin:
4.3.1.1 Legitimacin activa:
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LM [] MUQ[Q~V \QMVMV QV\MZu[ R]ZyLQKW MV Y]M [M LMKTIZM [] QVMKIKQI a ZM^WKIKQ~V LM [][
efectos.
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no se hubieran convertido en partes. No precisa la ley si el litisconsorcio deriva a
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c)
Legitimados indirectos: MV TW[ KI[W[ LWVLM TI TMa XMZUQ\M M`XZM[IUMV\M TI
TTIUILI TMOQ\QUIKQ~V QVLQZMK\I IZ\ IXIZ\ILW [MO]VLW +8+5 MT [][\Q\]\W
XZWKM[IT Y]M XWZ MRMZKQ\IZ TI IKKQ~V MV VWUJZM LMT \Q\]TIZ PI TTM^ILW MT XM[W LMT
XZWKM[W MV TI QV[\IVKQI ZM[XMK\Q^I LQ[XWVLZn M^QLMV\MUMV\M LM TMOQ\QUIKQ~V XIZI
ZMK]ZZQZTI[MV\MVKQIY]MKWV[QLMZMKWV\ZIZQII,MZMKPWI]VY]MTIZMXMZK][Q~VLM
KW[IR]bOILI[MXZWaMK\MIV\M\WLW[WJZMMT\Q\]TIZUI\MZQIT-[\MT\QUWXWZKQMZ\W
TILW XWLZn ZMK]ZZQZ TI [MV\MVKQI [Q [M P]JQMZI XMZ[WVILW KWUW KWILa]^IV\M KWV
QV\MZu[TMOy\QUWW[Q[WTQKQ\ILQKPIXMZ[WVIKQ~VMVMTXTIbWTMOITXIZIQUX]OVIZTI^MZ
\MUI[WJZMTI[8IZ\M[aTI4MOQ\QUIKQ~VQVLQZMK\I
e)
f)
537
4.4.2.1 Desistimiento:
4.4.2.2 Requisitos de validez:
) XZQWZQ MT IZ\ +8+5 I XM[IZ LM \ZI\IZ[M LM ]V XZMKMX\W KWV\MVQLW MV TI[
,Q[XW[QKQWVM[ /MVMZITM[ LMT 4QJZW +]IZ\W TQUQ\I I TW[ ZMK]Z[W[ TI XW[QJQTQLIL LM
LM[Q[\QUQMV\W XWZ MT TMOQ\QUILW IK\Q^W LMT OZILW R]ZQ[LQKKQWVIT IJQMZ\W I [] QV[\IVKQI a
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LMTXWLMZLQ[XW[Q\Q^W[WJZMTIKWV\ZW^MZ[QIXWZTI[XIZ\M[MVK]ITY]QMZM[\ILWaUWUMV\W
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K]MV\IY]MM[\MT\QUWKWV[\Q\]aM]VXZWKM[WI]\~VWUWI]VY]MKWVVITQLILQUX]OVI\Q^I
VILI QUXQLM ZMKWVWKMZ \IUJQuV MV uT NIK]T\ILM[ I]\WKWUXW[Q\Q^I[ LM TW[ []RM\W[ IK\]IV\M[
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a [[ PIJZn Y]M \MVMZ XZM[MV\M Y]u ZMOTI[ LMT ZuOQUMV OMVMZIT[WV IXTQKIJTM[ IY]y a K]nTM[
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539
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LQKMIM[\MZM[XMK\W"-VK]IV\WITIZMV]VKQILMLMZMKPW[LMKIZnK\MZKWV[\Q\]KQWVITaKWVKZM\IUMV\MTW[LM
KWV\MVQLWXZWKM[ITKWUWMTLMZMKPWIZMK]ZZQZTI;ITILMTW+WV[\Q\]KQWVITMVTI[MV\MVKQILQK\ILIMT!>
MVMT)UXIZW!!!IZU~Y]M]VLMZMKPWLMM[\IVI\]ZITMbIM[QZZMV]VKQIJTMM[LMKQZVWX]MLM[][\ZIMZ[M
LM TI M[NMZI R]ZyLQKI LM \WLW KQ]LILIVW VQ XWZ LWK]UMV\W XJTQKW I]\uV\QKW W XZQ^ILW VQ XWZ IK]MZLW LM
^WT]V\ILM[MV\ZMXIZ\QK]TIZM[I]VY]M[]MRMZKQKQW[MUQZMTQUQ\ILWITI[NWZUITQLILM[M[\IJTMKQLI[MVTITMaaI
Y]M MV TI ZMV]VKQI MV\ZIV MV R]MOW KI\MOWZyI[ XZWKM[ITM[ a KWV[\Q\]KQWVITM[ XZWKM[ITM[ LMZMKPW I ]V XZWKM[W
KWV[\Q\]KQWVITUMV\MKWVO]ZILWLMZMKPWLMI]LQMVKQILMZMKPWLMQO]ITLILaLMZMKPWIZMK]ZZQZKWUWUMLQW
LMIKKM[WI]VI[MO]VLIQV[\IVKQIY]MLMVW[MZZMKWVWKQLI[a[WJZM\WLWZM[XM\ILI[QUXMLQZyIVTIILMK]ILI
\]\MTIaTIKWV[QO]QMV\M[IT^IO]IZLILMTW[LMZMKPW[KWV[\Q\]KQWVITM[LMTW[XIZ\QK]TIZM[XZW^WKIVLW]VM[\ILW
LMQVLMNMV[Q~VaLM[QO]ITLILXIZI]VILMTI[XIZ\M[KWVQVNZIKKQ~VLMTI[VWZUI[XZWKM[ITM[KWV[\Q\]KQWVITM[
)[QUQ[UWUMLQIV\MTI[MV\MVKQILM1VKWV[\Q\]KQWVITQLILLMZMNMZMVKQI!!LQK\ILIKWVNMKPI11M[\I
;ITI M[\IJTMKQ~ KWV Un[ M[XMKQKQLIL Y]M TW[ LMZMKPW[ W KI\MOWZyI[ QV\MOZIV\M[ LMT LMJQLW XZWKM[W XWZ []
VITQLILLMXW\MVKQIZMTIKKM[WKWUXTM\WLMTI[XMZ[WVI[ITI[QV[\IVKQI[R]ZQ[LQKKQWVITM[[~TWX]MLMVLQ[XWVMZ[M
]VQTI\MZITWJQTI\MZITUMV\M[Q[M\QMVMXTMVWKWVWKQUQMV\WLMTI[KWV[MK]MVKQI[LMLQKPIZMV]VKQIMVMTMRMZKQKQW
de los referidos derechos.
541
)PWZI JQMV M[\I ZMV]VKQI LM NWZUITQbIZ[M VW X]MLM XWVMZ MV MV\ZMLQKPW TI
MKIKQIR]ZyLQKILMTIZM[WT]KQ~VY]MPIJyI[QLWQUX]OVILI\IV[~TW[]KWV[MK]KQ~V
UI\MZQITWMRMK]\IJQTQLIL"TIXMZ[WVIXIZIMV\MVLMZVW[LMRILMWJ\MVMZIY]MTTWI
TWY]M\MVyILMZMKPWUMZKMLITIZMV]VKQIXMZWTILMKTIZIKQ~VR]LQKQITLMTLMZMKPW
MV [y UQ[UI VW [M ZM^WKI VQ LM[IXIZMKM [QUXTMUMV\M VW [M TTM^I I MNMK\W -T I]\W
XWZ MT Y]M I]\WZQbIVLW M[I ZMV]VKQI PI LM XWVMZ[M V IT ZMK]Z[W W XZWKM[W
LM ZM^Q[Q~V LM [MV\MVKQI ZUM XIZI VILI LMJM QVRMZQZ[M MV MT KWV\MVQLW LM TI
ZM[WT]KQ~V R]LQKQIT \IV [~TW LMRIZ KWV[\IVKQI LMT ITKIVKM LM TI ZMV]VKQI TI K]IT
XWZKQMZ\WXWLZyI[MZ\W\ITWXIZKQITZM[XMK\WLMTWZMKWVWKQLWMVIY]uTTIaMVM[\M
segundo caso el recurso o la revisin seguira su curso para resolver la impugnacin
MVIY]MTTIXWZKQ~VVWZMV]VKQILI
4I ZMV]VKQI XWZ []X]M[\W a ^ITOI TI ZMNMZMVKQI XIZI \WLW[ TW[ UMKIVQ[UW[
I]\WKWUXW[Q\Q^W[ITQO]ITY]M[]KMLyIKWVMTLM[Q[\QUQMV\WLMJMZnI\MVMZ[MXIZI[]
^ITQLMbITKI\nTWOWLMXZWPQJQKQWVM[LMTIZ\QVVM CPCM.
542
6WX]MLMaIPIKMZTW[WJZMTILMUIVLILMXZQUMZIQV[\IVKQIY]MM[TWY]MZMO]TIMT
IZ\+8+5a[QTWPIKMKIZMKMZyILM^ITWZX]M[^WT^MUW[ITX]V\WLMXIZ\QLI
M`Q[\MaI]VIZM[WT]KQ~VR]LQKQITY]MPIM[\I\]QLWTWY]MMV,MZMKPWXZWKMLM[WJZM
\ITM[XZM\MV[QWVM[QVQKQITM[aPILMM[\IZ[MITWI[yZM[]MT\W
;QMVLW MTTW I[y Y]u MNMK\W \QMVM ]V ITTIVIUQMV\W MV ^yI LM ZMK]Z[W W MV [MLM
LM ZM^Q[Q~V LM [MV\MVKQI ZUM'" XZWKM[ITUMV\M [~TW ]VW MT LMRIZ LM ZM[Q[\QZ[M I
TI QUX]OVIKQ~V XTIV\MILI a KWV MTTW QUXMLQZ Y]M MT ~ZOIVW R]LQKQIT KWUXM\MV\M
ZM[]MT^I [WJZM TW Y]M P]JQMZI [QLW [] IZO]UMV\IKQ~V NI^WZIJTM IT UIV\MVQUQMV\W
de la resolucin impugnada.
8MZWVW\QMVMXWZMNMK\WVQIT\MZIZMT\MVWZLMTIZM[WT]KQ~VVQ\IUXWKWKWVLQKQWVIZ
MT LM[MVTIKM LMT ZMK]Z[W W TI LMUIVLI LM ZM^Q[Q~V X]M[ TI ;ITI [QO]M \MVQMVLW MT
LMJMZLMXZWV]VKQIZ[M[WJZMTW[UW\Q^W[ITMOILW[XWZTIXIZ\MQUX]OVIV\M[MIXIZI
M[\QUIZTW[ W XIZI LM[M[\QUIZTW[ JQMV Y]M MV \WLW KI[W [QV KWV\IZ KWUW LMKQUW[
KWVTIWXW[QKQ~VLMTQUX]OVILWXMZWVILIUn[
K
<ZIV[IKKQ~VR]LQKQIT"LMUWLW[QUQTIZITW[UMKIVQ[UW[IV\MZQWZM[TI\ZIV[IKKQ~VVW
M[\nXZWPQJQLI[QVWMVTW[TyUQ\M[LMTIZ\QVVMI]VY]M[]MKIKQIXZnK\QKIMV
M[\MKI[WM[ZML]KQLIX]M[MTIK]MZLWLMTI[XIZ\M[VWX]MLMUMVW[KIJIZVQUWLQKIZ
TIZM[WT]KQ~VQUX]OVILI[QVWLMRIZLMK]UXTQZWLMPIKMZM`QOQJTM[TI[XZM[\IKQWVM[
condenadas en ella. Las partes no pueden transarse respecto de las pretensiones
KWVTI[Y]MMV\ZIZWVMVTI^yIR]LQKQITIZ\+8+5XWZY]Mu[\I[aIPIV[QLW
PM\MZWKWUX]M[\I[XWZTI2]ZQ[LQKKQ~V[QVW[WJZMTIM`QOQJQTQLILLMTI[ZMKWVWKQLI[
XWZu[\I
544
547
<IT KWUW M`XZM[IUMV\M XZM^u MT IZ\ 48." -T ZMK]Z[W LM ZM^WKI\WZQI XZWKMLM KWV\ZI TW[ LMKZM\W[ LM
[][\IVKQIKQ~VTI[[MV\MVKQI[QV\MZTWK]\WZQI[aTI[MV\MVKQILMVQ\Q^IMVTWIKKM[WZQW
d)TZM[XMK\W\QMVMXZMKQ[ILWTI+nUIZILM.IUQTQILMTI;MKKQ~VLMT+MV\ZWLM;IV;IT^ILWZMV;MV\MVKQILQK\ILII
TI[PWZI[LMTLyILMUIZbWLMZMN +;2":->7KWVKQ\ILMW\ZI[ZM[WT]KQWVM[[]aI[MVMTUQ[UW
[MV\QLWY]M"ZM[]T\IQUXZWKMLMV\MTIILUQ[Q~V LMTIZM^WKI\WZQIKWV\ZITIZM[WT]KQ~VY]MZM[]MT^MMTZMK]Z[W
LM IXMTIKQ~V# M[ LMKQZ LM TI Y]M MV LMVQ\Q^I LMKQLM a XWVM V I TI QUX]OVIKQ~V QV\MZX]M[\I TW KWV\ZIZQW
[QOVQKIZyI^WT^MZIZMITQbIZMTUQ[UWIVnTQ[Q[LMTXZQUQOMVQWZMK]Z[WI\ZI^u[LMW\ZWZMK]Z[WUn[[QUXTMKWUW
M[MTLMTIZM^WKI\WZQITWIV\MZQWZVWKWV\ZIZyIMTIKKM[WITI[MO]VLIQV[\IVKQIaMTLMZMKPWLMZM^Q[Q~VLMTI[
ZM[WT]KQWVM[ R]LQKQITM[ XWZ K]IV\W LQKPW V [M K]UXTQ~ I \ZI^u[ LM TI ZM[WT]KQ~V LM TI IXMTIKQ~V IKMX\IZ TW
KWV\ZIZQWQUXTQKIZyIXZWTWVOIZQVLMVQLIUMV\MTI[][\IVKQIKQ~VVWZUITLMTI[XZM[MV\M[LQTQOMVKQI[ZML]VLIVLW
en los mismos argumentos ya sostenidos en la resolucin de la apelacin.
548
4.7.3 Procedimiento:
+WUWIV\QKQXIUW[IZZQJITI\ZIUQ\IKQ~VLMTIZM^WKI\WZQIM[ZnXQLIa[MVKQTTINIKQTQ\ILIXWZ
MTPMKPWLM[]KIZnK\MZVWLM^WT]\Q^W"\ZI[[]QV\MZXW[QKQ~VXWZUMLQWLM]VM[KZQ\WY]MPI
LM KWV\MVMZ \WLW[ [][ N]VLIUMV\W[ a TI [WTQKQ\]L KWZZM[XWVLQMV\M M[\QUIKQ~V LMT ZMK]Z[W
ZM^WKIKQ~VLMTLMKZM\WWI]\WaY]MMV[]T]OIZ[MLQK\MW\ZWKWVMT[QO]QMV\MKWV\MVQLWa
VWM`Q[\QMVLWWJ[\nK]TWI[]ILUQ[Q~VI\ZnUQ\M[MLIZn\ZI[TILWITIXIZ\MZMK]ZZQLI]VW
W Un[ TQ\QOIV\M[ TW[ Y]M [MIV XWZ XTIbW LM \ZM[ LyI[ XIZI Y]M X]MLIV WXWVMZ[M IT ZMK]Z[W
IZ\XnZZINWXZQUMZW
+]UXTQLW M[\W MV MT XTIbW LM TW[ \ZM[ LyI[ [QO]QMV\M[ IT LM XZM[MV\IKQ~V LMT M[KZQ\W LM
WXW[QKQ~VWLM^MVKQUQMV\WLMTXTIbWW\WZOILWITIXIZ\MZMK]ZZQLI[QVWXZM[MV\~VILIMT
\ZQJ]VITZM[WT^MZnTWY]MKWZZM[XWVLI[QVUn[LQTIKQ~VXMZWKWVKWVOZ]MVKQIITWITMOILW
XWZ IUJI[ XIZ\M[ Y]M M[ KWUW LMJM TMMZ[M MT IZ\ XnZZINW [MO]VLW K]IVLW LQKM
QVLMXMVLQMV\MUMV\MLMY]MTI[XIZ\M[P]JQMZIVPMKPW][WLM[][LMZMKPW[
+WUW ]V []X]M[\W M[XMKQIT KWV^QMVM LM[\IKIZ Y]M MT ZMK]Z[W LM ZM^WKI\WZQI KWV\ZI
LMKQ[QWVM[ILWX\ILI[MVMT\ZIV[K]Z[WLM]VI^Q[\IWZITI]LQMVKQIXZMXIZI\WZQILMTXZWKM[W
KWUV# IK\W LMT R]QKQW XIZI TI XZnK\QKI LM TI[ XZ]MJI[ MV TW[ XZWKM[W[ LMKTIZI\Q^W[ [M
ITMOIZnV\IUJQuVLMUIVMZIWZITMVMTUQ[UWIK\WM`IZ\+8+5#aXIZITI[WJRMKQWVM[
ITIILUQ[Q~VLMXZ]MJI[MVTII]LQMVKQIXZWJI\WZQIIZ\+8+5)]VY]MTITMaVWTW
UMVKQWVIMVM[\W[KI[W[LMJMMV\MVLMZ[MY]MIV\M[LMZM[WT^MZ[WJZMMTTWMTR]MbLIZn\]ZVW
LM XITIJZI I TI XIZ\M ZMK]ZZQLI I V LM Y]M UIVQM[\M TW Y]M I [] LMZMKPW KWV^MVOI VW
\QMVM[MV\QLWKMZKMVIZTM]VIWXWZ\]VQLILLMLMNMV[IMV\IT[MV\QLW#aT]MOWMV\WVKM[[yMT
\ZQJ]VITXZWV]VKQIZn\IUJQuVWZITUMV\M[]LMKQ[Q~V
-VWKI[QWVM[QVKT][WI[y[MLQ[XWVMM`XZM[IUMV\MXIZIMT[]X]M[\WM[XMKyKW"IZ\[
! K]IVLWVWXZWKMLIIXMTIKQ~V+8+5
J +WUWM`KMXKQWVM[IM[\IZMOTIOMVMZIT[QVMUJIZOWIXIZMKMV"
)Y]MTTI[ ZM[WT]KQWVM[ Y]M XMZUQ\MV QV\MZXWVMZ ZMK]Z[W LM ZM^WKI\WZQI a [Q u[\M I [] ^Mb
[MLMVQMOIMTLMIXMTIKQ~V"IZ\[a+8+5#a\IUJQuV
4I[ ZM[WT]KQWVM[ Y]M XMZUQ\MV ZM^WKI\WZQI a K]IVLW u[\I [M LMVQMOI KIJM ZMXTIV\MIZ MT
problema procesal al momento de formular apelacin contra la sentencia recada en ese
XZWKM[W"IZ\!+8+5
551
4.8.1.2 Resoluciones:
&RQIXHU]DGHGHQLWLYDV
-T ZMK]Z[W LM IXMTIKQ~V KIJM XWZ TMa IZ\ +8+5 NZMV\M I LW[ \QXW[ LM ZM[WT]KQWVM[
R]LQKQITM[ LM XZQUMZI QV[\IVKQI" KWUW ZMOTI OMVMZIT TI[ Y]M ZM^Q[\IV MT KIZnK\MZ LM
LMVQ\Q^I[#aMV[MO]VLWT]OIZaXWZM`KMXKQ~VIY]MTTI[Y]MVW\MVOIVLQKPIKWVLQKQ~V
XMZW I[y [M I]\WZQKM M`XZM[IUMV\M XWZ MT TMOQ[TILWZ +WV KIZnK\MZ OMVMZIT [WV TI[ LQK\ILI[
XWZ TW[ 2]bOILW[ LM 8ZQUMZI 1V[\IVKQI W XWZ TW[ LM 8ZQUMZI 1V[\IVKQI a 5MVWZ +]IV\yI a
MV TW[ KI[W[ M[XMKyKIUMV\M XZM^Q[\W[ XWZ MT IZ\ ! +8+5 TI[ LQK\ILI[ XWZ TI[ +nUIZI[
de Segunda Instancia.
;WV LMVQ\Q^I[ KWUW [IJMUW[ IY]MTTI[ ZM[WT]KQWVM[ Y]M QUXQLMV W XWVMV V IT XZWKM[W
LMY]M[M\ZI\MaI[MIu[\MLMKTIZI\Q^WMRMK]\Q^WWKI]\MTIZ\IV\WMV^yIXZQVKQXITKWUWLM
incidente. Que la resolucin impugnable revista a su vez forma de auto317 W LM [MV\MVKQI
LMXMVLMZn LMT KWV\MVQLW LM TI LMKQ[Q~V a I ^MKM[ \IUJQuV LMT UWUMV\W XZWKMLQUMV\IT MV
Y]MTIUQ[UI[MILWX\M)[yZM[]T\ILMVQ\Q^ILM[LMT]MOWTI[MV\MVKQIY]M\ZI[[][\IVKQIZ[M
\WLW[ TW[ \ZnUQ\M[ LM TI KI][I MV\ZI I ZM[WT^MZ [WJZM MT NWVLW KWV\ZW^MZ\QLW 8MZW TW M[
\IUJQuV TI ;MV\MVKQI LQK\ILI QO]ITUMV\M IT VIT LMT XZWKM[W XMZW Y]M VW MV\ZI MV MT
NWVLW IT IXZMKQIZ MV M[M UWUMV\W a VW PIJMZTW PMKPW IV\M[ TI NIT\I LM ]V XZM[]X]M[\W
XZWKM[IT KWUXM\MVKQI KIXIKQLIL LM TI[ XIZ\M[ W TI KWVK]ZZMVKQI LM ]V ~JQKM XZWKM[IT
TQ\Q[XMVLMVKQIKW[IR]bOILI318.
317 )Z\+8+5XIZITILQ[\QVKQ~VMV\ZMI]\W[[QUXTM[aLMVQ\Q^W[
318 ;QVPIKMZUI\QbIKQWVM[MV\WZVWITKWV\MVQLWM[\QUI\WZQWWVWLMTI;MV\MVKQI[MZMKWOMTIIXMTIJQTQLILLM
TI[ZMKIyLI[MVZMJMTLyIIZ\ #R]QKQWMRMK]\Q^WIZ\!XZWKM[W[XW[M[WZQW[IZ\aLMQVY]QTQVI\WIZ\[
LM[WK]XIKQ~VXWZKI][ILMUWZIa XIZITI[LMUn[XZM\MV[QWVM[
552
8WVMVVI]VLM\MZUQVILWXZWKMLQUQMV\WQVKQLMV\IT322.
! 8ZM^u[MVLW[ZMK]Z[W[LMIXMTIKQ~VNZMV\MITIQVILUQ[Q~VLMLMUIVLILM]VXZWKM[WLMKTIZI\Q^WMVOMVMZIT
MT IZ\ # XWZ TI QVILUQ[Q~V LM TI LMT R]QKQW MRMK]\Q^W MT IZ\ # XWZ TI QVILUQ[Q~V LM LMUIVLI LM R]QKQW
UWVQ\WZQW MT IZ\ !# XWZ QVILUQ[Q~V LM LMUIVLI MRMK]\Q^I MT IZ\ # a XWZ QVILUQ[Q~V LM LMUIVLI LM
MRMK]KQ~VXZW^Q[QWVITMTIZ\!\WLW[LMT+8+5
)LQNMZMVKQILMTI[KI][I[LMQUXZWXWVQJQTQLILLMTILMUIVLIIY]MIT]LMMTIZ\aY]MINMK\IITINIT\ILM
XZM[]X]M[\W[XZWKM[ITM[WITIIXIZQKQ~VLMITOV~JQKMQUXMLQ\Q^WLM]VILMKQ[Q~VLMNWVLWMVTIQVILUQ[QJQTQLIL
LMT TWY]M[MIKPIKIITILMUIVLI[WVLMNMK\W[NWZUITM[XMZWILMUn[XMZNMK\IUMV\M[]J[IVIJTM[ZMLIKKQ~V
W[K]ZIQVMV\MVLQJTM[QVO]IZLIZ]VIUyVQUIM[\Z]K\]ZI[QVNWZU]TIZXM\QKQ~VLM\]\MTIKWVKZM\IM\KY]MMT
[]RM\WJQMVXWZY]MVWMV\QMVLMTWY]M[MTMPIIXMZKQJQLWY]MKWZZQRIaTWPIKMUITJQMVXWZY]MVWY]QMZMJQMV
XWZY]MLMRIXI[IZMTXTIbWLMTW[LyI[Y]M[MTMW\WZOIVW[]J[IVImotu proprio. ,ILWY]MVWX]MLMPIKMZTWMT
~ZOIVWR]LQKQITMV[][][\Q\]KQ~VXWZY]MM[\IUW[IV\M]VIR]ZQ[LQKKQ~VZWOILIITILMUIVLIVWX]MLMLnZ[MTM
K]Z[WI[yKWUWu[\IX]M[[MIV\WRIQVQV\MTQOQJTMWQVKWUXTM\I8MZWJQMVM[^MZLILY]MVILIQUXQLMTIXZM[MV\IKQ~V
XW[\MZQWZLMW\ZIV]M^ITQJZMLMIY]MTTW[LMNMK\W[Y]MMVM[IUMLQLIXWLZn[MZILUQ\QLII\ZnUQ\M;QMVLW\WLW
MTTWI[yMV\QMVLMMTTMOQ[TILWZY]MVW[MR][\QKIIJZQZ]VLMJI\MILWJTMQV[\IVKQIXIZILQ[K]\QZ[WJZM]VIK]M[\Q~V
Y]MVWM[M[MVKQITVQQZZM^MZ[QJTMaY]MMVMTXMWZLMTW[KI[W[QV[Q[\QUW[[MIZZMOTIde facto presentando una
V]M^ILMUIVLIaIKWZZMOQLI8WZ[QIKI[WVWWJ[\IV\M[y[MXMZUQ\MMTZMK]Z[WLMZM^WKI\WZQIaY]MMT2]MbI[y
ZMKWV[QLMZM[QMT[]X]M[\WLMNMK\WY]MXIZMKMPIJMZIXZMKQILWZM[XWVLMMVZMITQLILI]VIUITIXMZKMXKQ~V[]aI
LMTWY]MTMMaVWI]VLMNMK\WKQMZ\W
321 4I[IXMTIKQWVM[KWV\ZITI[ZM[WT]KQWVM[LMTW[IZ\[LMKTIZIKQ~VLMNIT\ILMKWUXM\MVKQIWJRM\Q^IaN]VKQWVIT#
LMKTIZIKQ~V LM NIT\I LM KWUXM\MVKQI \MZZQ\WZQIT# VITQbIKQ~V XWZ QUXZWXWVQJQTQLIL [WJZM^MVQLI LM
TI LMUIVLI W TI ZMKWV^MVKQ~V LM TI XZM\MV[Q~V MRMZKQ\ILI# a M[\QUIVLW ]V QVKQLMV\M Y]M XWVM V IT
XZWKM[W#LMKTIZIKQ~VLMQVKWUXM\MVKQIXIZILM[XIKPIZMRMK]KQ~V+8+5#
322 )Z\+8+5MVK]IV\WITIIXMTIKQ~VKWV\ZIMTI]\WZM[WT]\WZQWMV[MV\QLWXW[Q\Q^WWVMOI\Q^WLMUMLQLI[
cautelares.
323 )[yTIIXMTIKQ~VLMTIZ\ +8+5MVK]IV\WITIZM[WT]KQ~VY]MLMVQMOITIXM\QKQ~VXIZIXMZ[WVIZ[MKWUW
coadyuvante
553
;M XZW^MM MV V [WJZM TI KWV\QV]IKQ~V W [][XMV[Q~V327 del proceso pero sin
XZM\MVLMZ[M[]VITQbIKQ~VTWY]MMV\WVKM[TI[PIZyILMVQ\Q^I[
,M VW M[\IJTMKMZ[M VILI TI ZM[WT]KQ~V ILUQ\QZn VQKIUMV\M ZM^WKI\WZQI W VQ [QY]QMZI M[\I
T\QUI[QTWXZWPyJMTITMaXWZKWV^MZ\QZTIMVQZZMK]ZZQJTM
4.8.2 Objeto:
-VIXMTIKQ~VX]MLMVZM^Q[IZ[MMVXZQVKQXQWaKWUW[MLM[XZMVLMLMTIZ\+8+5\WLI[
TI[XIZKMTI[LMTIIK\]IKQ~VR]ZQ[LQKKQWVITY]M[]JaIKMVITIMUQ[Q~VLMTIZM[WT]KQ~VR]LQKQIT
impugnada. Ello comprende:
8W[QJTM[QVNZIKKQWVM[MVTI[MTMKKQ~VQV\MZXZM\IKQ~VaIXTQKIKQ~VLMTI[VWZUI[XZWKM[ITM[
XIZI TI ILUQ[Q~V I \ZnUQ\M a ZMITQbIKQ~V LM TW[ XZM[]X]M[\W[ LMT XZWKM[W a LM TW[ IK\W[ LMT
XZWKMLQUQMV\W" \IV\W [Q LQKPI[ QVNZIKKQWVM[ ILY]QMZMV ZMTQM^M KWV[\Q\]KQWVIT XWZ ^]TVMZIZ
OIZIV\yI[ ZMKWVWKQLI[ XWZ TI +WV[\Q\]KQ~V a TI R]ZQ[XZ]LMVKQI LM TI +WZ\M MV [][ ;ITI[
+WV[\Q\]KQWVITa+Q^QTKWUW[QVQKIUMV\MIKIZZMIV]VMZZWZLMTMOITQLILWZLQVIZQI
-V\ZMTI[QVNZIKKQWVM[XZWKM[ITM[aLMUIVMZIKWVKZM\ITITMa[MZMMZMITIQVILUQ[Q~VLM
UMLQW[LMXZ]MJIIZ\#ITIXZ]MJIILUQ\QLIXMZWVWXZIK\QKILIIZ\IXIZ\ILW
#aITIXZ]MJIV]M^IIZ\TI[K]ITM[X]MLMVLIZT]OIZI]VIIK\Q^QLILXZWJI\WZQIMV
TI[MO]VLIQV[\IVKQIKWUW^MZMUW[T]MOW
;WV \IUJQuV XZWKM[ITM[ TI[ QVNZIKKQWVM[ KWUM\QLI[ MV TI [MV\MVKQI MV\MVLQLI u[\I KWUW
IK\W XZWKM[IT QVNZIKKQWVM[ Y]M X]MLM \ZIL]KQZ[M MV QVKWVOZ]MVKQI MV ITO]VI[ LM [][
UWLITQLILM[ MV NIT\I W LMNMK\W LM UW\Q^IKQ~V W MV LMNMK\W[ NWZUITM[ M`QOQLW[ XWZ TI TMa
XIZI[]^ITQLMbQVK]UXTQUQMV\WLMTI[VWZUI[XIZITIIK\]IKQ~VLM~ZOIVW[KWTMOQILW[#NIT\I
LMZUILMT2]MbW5IOQ[\ZILWM\K#
+WVKQMZVMaIITR]QKQWLMNWVLWKWV\ZW^MZ\QLWXMZWLM^QMVM\WLI^yI]VXZWJTMUIXZWKM[IT
MTXW[QJTMMZZWZMVTIRIKQ~VLMTW[PMKPW[MVITO]VILMTI[K]I\ZW[Q\]IKQWVM[[QO]QMV\M["
I 8WZIXTQKIKQ~VQVLMJQLILMTI[ZMOTI[[WJZMMTonus probandiTI[OMVMZITM[LMTIZ\
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LMTIZ\+8+5"PMKPW[ILUQ\QLW[Y]MOWKMVLMVW\WZQMLILOMVMZITM\K
555
561
564
4.8.4 Procedimiento:
El nuevo Cdigo apuesta por una tramitacin del recurso de apelacin articulada sobre dos
KZQ\MZQW[N]VLIUMV\ITM["IMVTWWZOnVQKWKI[Q\WLWMTZMK]Z[W[M[][\IVKQIIV\MMT\ZQJ]VIT
ad quemTI+nUIZILM;MO]VLI1V[\IVKQIKWVIXMVI[]VIXZQUMZIIK\]IKQ~VQV[\Z]K\WZI
del Juzgado a quo# J MV TW M[\ZQK\IUMV\M XZWKMLQUMV\IT [M IX]M[\I XWZ ]V UWLMTW UQ`\W
LM M[KZQ\]ZI QV\MZXW[QKQ~V a WZITQLIL LM TI[ IK\]IKQWVM[ KWV MT Y]M [M M[XMZI ITKIVbIZ TI
KWVKMV\ZIKQ~VaZIXQLMbLM\ZnUQ\M[PIKQMVLWOQZIZJ]MVIXIZ\MLMTIIK\Q^QLILXZWKM[ITLM
las partes en torno al acto de la audiencia:
4.8.4.1 Interposicin:
4.8.4.1.1 Plazo para presentarse:
-TZMK]Z[WLMJMNWZUITQbIZ[MI\ZI^u[LM]VM[KZQ\WY]M[MKWV[QOVIZnIV\MMTXZWXQW~ZOIVW
R]LQKQIT Y]M PI LQK\ILW TI ZM[WT]KQ~V QUX]OVILI LQ[XWVQMVLW MT IXMTIV\M XIZI MTTW LMT
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IZ\ XnZZINW LMT +~LQOW -T ZMJMTLM LQ[XWVM LM TI XZMZZWOI\Q^I LM QV[\IZ MT XZWKM[W
LM ZM^Q[Q~V LM [MV\MVKQI ZUM [QMUXZM Y]M TI ZM[WT]KQ~V TTMO]M I [] KWVWKQUQMV\W KWV
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;QV MUJIZOW [Q \IT KWVWKQUQMV\W [M XZWL]KM LMV\ZW LMT UMVKQWVILW XTIbW LM KQVKW LyI[
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328 )TOW Y]M VW O]IZLI R][\QKIKQ~V XWZY]M TW Y]M XMZ[QO]M TI TMa MV M[\W[ KI[W[ M[ KWV\ZIZZM[\IZ ]VI [Q\]IKQ~V
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KQMZ\IUMV\MXMZ\]ZJILWZLMTI[MO]ZQLILR]ZyLQKIKWUWM[MTXZWKM[WLMZM^Q[Q~VLM[MV\MVKQIZUM\WTMZILW[~TW
MVI\MVKQ~VI]VIXWVLMZIKQ~VM`\ZIWZLQVIZQILMQV\MZM[M[Y]MLMRI[QVMUJIZOWLMM`Q[\QZK]IVLW[MIKZMLQ\I
565
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566
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QVNZIKKQ~V[QP]JQMZM\MVQLWWXWZ\]VQLILXZWKM[ITXIZIMTTW
567
4.8.4.2 Admisin:
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TIXZWKMLMVKQILMTZMK]Z[WQV\MZX]M[\WIMNMK\W[LMIKWZLIZWVW[]ILUQ[Q~VI[yKWUWMV
KI[W XW[Q\Q^W [M XZWV]VKQIZn \IUJQuV ZM[XMK\W LM TI XZ]MJI XMLQLI W LM TW[ LWK]UMV\W[
IXWZ\ILW[IZ\
+WV\WLW\uVOI[MXZM[MV\MY]MMVM[\INI[MLMTZMK]Z[WMTKWV\ZWT[QO]M[QMVLWM[MVKQITUMV\M
LM LM KWV\ZWT LM LMNMK\W[ NWZUITM[ ^OZ QV\MZXW[QKQ~V MV XTIbW [MZ MT ~ZOIVW R]LQKQIT
QVKWUXM\MV\M#XW[QJTMNIT\ILMZMXZM[MV\IKQ~VXZWKM[ITLMTZMK]ZZMV\M#VWPIJMZIZUILW[]
TMOQ\QUIKQ~V#VWI[yMTOZI^IUMVY]MQUXTQKI]VI^ITWZIKQ~VaXWZ\IV\WVWKIJMZM^Q[IZTW
IPWZIaXWZMVLMZM[]T\IIVnTWOIITIK]UXTQLIXWZMT2]bOILWIV\MZQWZUMV\MJQMVY]MI
u[\MPIXWLQLWXI[nZ[MTMXWZIT\WITOVLMNMK\WLMM[\IyVLWTMY]MTI+nUIZI[QVMUJIZOW
[yLM\MK\IQUXQLQMVLWI[yY]M[M\ZIUQ\M]VZMK]Z[WQV\QT
)TKWV\ZIZQWK]ITY]QMZI[XMK\WY]M[MPITTMKWVMK\ILWKWVITO]VWLMTW[UW\Q^W[MVY]M[M
IZ\QK]TIMTZMK]Z[WLMJMZnXW[XWVMZ[]M`IUMVaLMKQ[Q~VITI[MV\MVKQILMVQ\Q^IY]MPIaI
LMLQK\IZ[MaTIIXMTIKQ~VXWZMVLMLMJMZnILUQ\QZ[MI\ZnUQ\M6WXWZY]MVW[MIMT<ZQJ]VIT
ad quemMTKWUXM\MV\MXIZIZM[WT^MZTW[QVWXWZY]MVWM[u[\MMTUWUMV\WXZWKM[ITXIZIMTTW
4IM^MV\]ITKWVK]ZZMVKQIMV\WVKM[LMITO]VWLMIY]MTTW[LMNMK\W[XZWXQKQIZnTIQVILUQ[Q~V
LMT ZMK]Z[W Y]M [M LMKZM\IZn XWZ UMLQW LM ]V I]\W QUXQLQMVLW I[y [] KWV\QV]IKQ~V
LM^QVQMVLWZMK]ZZQJTM\ITI]\WMVZM^WKI\WZQIIZ\
-T I]\W ILMUn[ XWLZn QUXWVMZ ]VI U]T\I LM MV\ZM LW[ a KQVKW [ITIZQW[ UyVQUW[ IT Y]M
P]JQMZMIJ][ILWLM[]LMZMKPWM`XZM[Q~VM[\IT\QUIY]MLMJMZn]\QTQbIZ[MKWVUWLMZIKQ~V
\IV\WMVK]IV\WI[]XZWXQW][WKWUWITQUXWZ\MLMKWVLMVI
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;WTQKQ\ILI TI ILUQ[Q~V LM LWK]UMV\W[ MV M[\M IK\W XWZ VW PIJMZ[M XWLQLW PIKMZ IV\M[
MT \ZQJ]VIT XZW^MMZn LMV\ZW LM TI UQ[UI I]LQMVKQI KWVNWZUM I TI[ ZMOTI[ Y]M aI PMUW[
IVITQbILW IV\M[ I[y KWUW ZM[XMK\W LM TI XZ]MJI I KWV[\Q\]QZ KWV QVUMLQIKQ~V IV\M TW[
5IOQ[\ZILW[ LM TI +nUIZI TI K]IT LM ILUQ\QZ[M MV MT IK\W [M TTM^IZn I KIJW LM IK]MZLW I
TW[ ZMY]Q[Q\W[ a NWZUI[ M[\IJTMKQLW[ MV MT XZWXQW +~LQOW XIZI KILI UMLQW LM KWV^QKKQ~V
8ZMKQ[IMTIZ\Y]MTIZM[WT]KQ~VY]M[MMUQ\IMVM[MUWUMV\WZMKPIbIVLW]VWWUn[
XZ]MJI[XMLQLI[LM^MVLZnQVQUX]OVIJTM
<ZI[TIXZnK\QKILMTIXZ]MJIY]MXWLZyI[MOV[]KWUXTMRQLILaVUMZWZMY]MZQZLMUn[
LM ]VI [M[Q~V [M IJZQZn ]V V]M^W \]ZVW LM QV\MZ^MVKQ~V WZIT LM TI[ XIZ\M[ IZ\ T\QUW
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569
4.8.5.2 Efectos:
9]u [QOVQKILW a ITKIVKM \QMVM M[I ILPM[Q~V' 7J^QIUMV\M [M \ZI\I IV\M \WLW LM ]VI
QUX]OVIKQ~V LM TI ZM[WT]KQ~V R]LQKQIT KWV TW Y]M TI XIZ\M IXMTILI XI[I I MRMZKQ\IZ
XZWKM[ITUMV\M ]VI TMOQ\QUIKQ~V IK\Q^I TI LMT IXMTIV\M XWZ ILPM[Q~V Y]QMV QVQKQITUMV\M
a XWZ ZIbWVM[ XMZ[WVITM[ Y]M VW ZM[]T\I XZMKQ[W ITMOIZ VQ R][\QKIZ IV\M MT ~ZOIVW ad quem
IKI[W MT PIJMZ [WXM[ILW KWUW Un[ KWV^MVQMV\M VW LIZ XQM I ]V V]M^W XZWKMLQUQMV\W LM
ZM[]T\ILWQVKQMZ\W[MPIJyIIY]QM\ILWKWV\ZITIZM[WT]KQ~V=VI^MbIZZI[\ZILWITI[MO]VLI
QV[\IVKQIXWZTIQVQKQI\Q^ILM[]KWV\ZIZQWITIXMTIZIY]uTZMKWJZI[]QV\MZu[VW[~TWR]ZyLQKW
[QVWXMZ[WVITMVWJ\MVMZ]VILMKQ[Q~VY]MZM^WY]MMV\WLWWMVXIZ\MTIZM[WT]KQ~VLQK\ILI
MVIY]MTTWY]MTMINMK\I
)PWZIJQMVMTXZWJTMUIIY]yZILQKIMVLM\MZUQVIZTI[KWV[MK]MVKQI[LMM[IUIVQNM[\IKQ~V
de adhesin. Que no estamos hablando de una apelacin autnoma y desconectada de
IY]MTTIWZQOQVITUMV\MNWZUITQbILIXWZTIW\ZIXIZ\MXIZMKMM^QLMV\MITI^Q[\ILMT\uZUQVW
empleado por la leyaMT[QOVQKILWI[QOVILWPQ[\~ZQKIUMV\MITIIXMTIKQ~VILPM[Q^IITTy
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)KILMUQI-[XI}WTILMVMTIILPM[Q~VKWUWIKKQ~VaMNMK\WLMILPMZQZWILPMZQZ[MKWV^QVQMVLWMV]VLQK\IUMV
WXIZ\QLWW]\QTQbIVLWMTZMK]Z[WMV\IJTILWXWZTIXIZ\MKWV\ZIZQIW\IUJQuVKWUW]VILMKTIZIKQ~VXJTQKILM
IXWaWIITO]QMVWITOW=VIILPM[Q~VXWZ\IV\W[QOVQKITII[]VKQ~VKWUWXZWXQWLM]VXTIV\MIUQMV\WIRMVW
MQUXTQKIXWZMTTW]VI]VQLILLMIK\]IKQ~VVW]VILQ^MZ[QLIL
570
331 -T IZ\ 4-+ Y]M KWV[KQMV\MUMV\M M^Q\I ]\QTQbIZ MT \uZUQVW ILPM[Q~V [M ZMMZM I TI[ LW[ WXKQWVM[ LMT
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571
4.8.6.3 Efectos:
4.8.6.3.1 Distincin entre los conceptos de estimacin total o parcial- y
desestimacin del recurso:
)VLMXZMKQ[IZTW[MNMK\W[LMZQ^ILW[LMTILMKTIZIKQ~VKWVT]OIZLMTZMK]Z[WLMIXMTIKQ~V
PIJZn Y]M KWV[QLMZIZ LW[ I[XMK\W[ N]VLIUMV\ITM[" TI LQNMZMVKQI MV XZQUMZ T]OIZ MV\ZM
[MV\MVKQI M[\QUI\WZQI a LM[M[\QUI\WZQI# a MV [MO]VLW T]OIZ TI[ LQ^MZ[I[ KWV[MK]MVKQI[ Y]M
depara en concreto la declaracin con lugar de alguno de los motivos del recurso.
8WZ TW Y]M I\I}M IT XZQUMZ I[XMK\W KWV^QMVM XIZ\QZ LM LW[ XZM[]X]M[\W[ KWVKMX\]ITM[ Y]M
[QZ^MVXIZIUMLQZMTOZILWLMM[\QUIKQ~VLMTI[LMKQ[QWVM[\IV\WLMIXMTIKQ~VMVM[\MKI[W
KWUWLMK]ITY]QMZW\ZWZMK]Z[WLM^WT]\Q^W
) [IJMZ" I TI [MV\MVKQI LM IXMTIKQ~V ZM[]MT^M IV\M \WLW TI[ XZM\MV[QWVM[ LM IXMTIKQ~V a
[~TWM^MV\]ITUMV\MTI[LMXZQUMZIQV[\IVKQI#aJTI[XZM\MV[QWVM[LMIXMTIKQ~VKWUWIV\M[
KWUMV\IUW[XZM[MV\IVXWZI[yLMKQZTWLW[M[KITWVM["TI[WTQKQ\]LLMY]M[MZMKWVWbKIMVTI
ZM[WT]KQ~VR]LQKQITQUX]OVILI]VLM\MZUQVILW^QKQWWMZZWZR]ZyLQKWaTI[MO]VLI[WTQKQ\]L
KWVMK\ILIITIIV\MZQWZ"Y]M[MUWLQY]MTIZM[WT]KQ~VMV\WLWWMVXIZ\Ma[MLQK\MW\ZIY]M
resulte conforme a Derecho y satisfaga los intereses de la parte apelante.
8]M[ JQMV [QMVLW MTTW I[y ZM[]T\I M^QLMV\M Y]M ]V ZMK]Z[W LM IXMTIKQ~V LMJM KWV[QLMZIZ[M
M[\QUILWMVXIZ\MMVK]IV\WTI[MV\MVKQILMKTIZMKWVT]OIZITO]VWLMTW[UW\Q^W[ITMOILW[
MV MT M[KZQ\W LM QV\MZXW[QKQ~V a MV [] KI[W MV MT LM ILPM[Q~V a MTTW \ZIQOI KWV[QOW ]VI
V]TQLIL LM ]VI XIZ\M LM TI ZM[WT]KQ~V ZMK]ZZQLI I]VY]M [MI MV TW[ ZIbWVIUQMV\W[ Y]M
QV\MOZIV[]ZI\QWLMKQLMVLQWJTQOIVLWI[][\Q\]QZTW[XWZW\ZW[;QVMUJIZOWXIZIY]MPIaI
M[\QUIKQ~V\W\ITLMTZMK]Z[WZM[]T\IZnXZMKQ[WILMUn[Y]MTIZM[WT]KQ~VZMK]ZZQLI"
+]IVLW [M N]VLM MV UW\Q^W[ XZWKM[ITM[ [MI LMKTIZILI V]TI MV [] \W\ITQLIL a [M
M[\IJTMbKIV TW[ MNMK\W[ XZWKM[ITM[ XMLQLW[ XWZ MT ZMK]ZZMV\M ZM\ZWIKKQ~V PI[\I ]V KQMZ\W
X]V\W M QV[\IVKQI# W MT IZKPQ^W LMVQ\Q^W LMT XZWKM[W X]M[ LM VW W\WZOIZ[M \WLW TW Y]M [M
XQLMXWZY]MVWTWXMZUQ\MTITMa[MZnM[\QUIKQ~VXIZKQIT#WJQMV
573
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QVNZIKKQ~VI\I}MLQZMK\IUMV\MITNWVLWKWV\ZW^MZ\QLWaI[MIXWZMZZ~VMI^ITWZIKQ~V
LMTIXZ]MJII]VY]MVWPIaI[]X]M[\WM`KT][Q~VWQVKT][Q~VQVLMJQLILM]VUMLQW
LMKWV^QKKQ~V[QVWXWZY]MTI[Y]MWJZIVMVI]\W[M[\nVUIT^ITWZILI[332aI[MITI
QV\MZXZM\IKQ~VaIXTQKIKQ~VLMTIVWZUI[][\IV\Q^IMV\ITM[KI[W[TIM[\QUIKQ~VLMT
recurso tiene lugar en cuanto se admite la ilicitud de la resolucin recurrida merced
332 8QuV[M[M XWZ MRMUXTW Y]M MV MT UW\Q^W LM IXMTIKQ~V [M IZO]UMV\M Y]M TI [MV\MVKQI ZMK]ZZQLI VMO~ ^ITWZ I
TW LMKTIZILW XWZ ]V \M[\QOW [QV ZIb~V ITO]VI W [MVKQTTIUMV\M VW \]^W MV K]MV\I MT LQKPW LMT \M[\QOW XWZ ]V
LM[K]QLW -[\QUILW MT UW\Q^W MT \ZQJ]VIT LM IXMTIKQ~V [QV MUJIZOW MV TI TIJWZ LM ^ITWZIZ LM V]M^W \WLI TI
XZ]MJIX]MLMTTMOIZITIKWVKT][Q~VLMY]MMT\M[\QOWVWMZILMKQ[Q^WWY]MM`Q[\MVW\ZW[UMLQW[LMXZ]MJIUn[
KWV^QVKMV\M[ZM[XMK\WLMIY]uTY]M[QO]MV[QZ^QMVLWXIZIZM[XITLIZTILMKQ[Q~VLMTI[MV\MVKQIZMK]ZZQLIXWZTW
Y]MVWXZWKMLMZM^WKIZTI
574
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ZM[WT^MZ[WJZMMTNWVLWXWZY]MTIKI][IPILMZM\ZWKMLMZITIXZQUMZIQV[\IVKQI
K
VQKIUMV\M TI[ QVLMNMV[QWVM[ LMZQ^ILI[ LM TI NIT\I LM XZ]MJI MV ITO]VI LM TI[
UWLITQLILM[ Y]M PMUW[ M`IUQVILW IV\M[ QVILUQ[Q~V QVLMJQLI nova reperta M\K
X]MLMV[IVIZ[MMVTIIXMTIKQ~VI\ZI^u[LM[]XMZ\QVMV\M[WTQKQ\]LaLMKWVKMLMZTI
MT\ZQJ]VITKWUXM\MV\MaUI\MZQITQbIZ[M[]IXWZ\IKQ~VaWXZnK\QKILIZnXI[WI]V
V]M^WMVR]QKQIUQMV\WLMTW[PMKPW[aVMKM[IZQIUMV\M\IUJQuVXWZMTTWI]VV]M^W
IVnTQ[Q[R]ZyLQKW[][\IV\Q^WLMu[\W[
L -VTI[QVNZIKKQWVM[LMTI;MV\MVKQIKWUWIK\WXZWKM[ITPIJZnY]MLQ[\QVO]QZMV\ZM
TW[LMNMK\W[M`\MZVW[MQV\MZVW[
4W[ LM TI XZQUMZI KTI[M X]MLMV W VW [MZ QV^ITQLIV\M[ [MOV LM K]nT [M \ZI\M"
[WV QV^ITQLIV\M[ TW[ Y]M KWVKQMZVMV I TI[ ZMOTI[ XIZI TI NWZUIKQ~V LM TI LMKQ[Q~V
KWTMOQILIaTI[Y]MI\I}MVIW[\MV\IZKWZZMK\IUMV\MMTKIZOWLMR]MbVWIXIZ\ILW
333 <M`\]ITUMV\MMTIZ\[M}ITIY]MMT\ZQJ]VIT\ZI[IXZMKQIZTIQVNZIKKQ~VLMKIZnK\MZXZWKM[ITXI[IZnIZM[WT^MZ
[WJZMTIK]M[\Q~VWK]M[\QWVM[Y]M[MIVWJRM\WLMTXZWKM[W
-VX]ZQLIL[~TW[QMTM`XMLQMV\M^QVQMZIQVKWUXTM\WaVWX]LQMZIZMKWV[\Z]QZ[MM[Y]M[MXWLZyIPIJTIZLM]VI
NIT\ILMTW[MTMUMV\W[LMR]QKQWVMKM[IZQW[XIZIZM[WT^MZ4]MOW[QMT\ZQJ]VITLMIXMTIKQ~V[Q\QMVMTW[PMKPW[a
como no puede ser menos conoce el Derecho a virtud del iura novit curia, X]MLM[QMUXZMWXZnK\QKIUMV\M[QMUXZM
MVR]QKQIZMTWJRM\WTQ\QOQW[W
576
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alguna de las varias peticiones de tutela formuladas de la demanda o la reconvencin
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tiene lugar y sin embargo el Juzgado no resuelve la prestacin subsidiaria.
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de fondo.
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petita.
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lograr su sustitucin por otra nueva en un proceso de instancia.
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y frecuentes.
582
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UMRWZIVLW I[y TI [Q[\MUn\QKI [MO]QLI XWZ MT IZ\ LM TI LMZWOILI 4Ma LM +I[IKQ~V Y]M
mezclaba motivos de infraccin de doctrina legal con supuestos genuinamente procesales
IXIZ\MLMTTQ[\ILWLM[]IZ\
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segundo plano.
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correspondiente.
595
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- Apartado 14. Por infraccin de requisitos internos y externos de la sentencia:
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596
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de apelaciones,MM[\IUIVMZILIZnT]OIZI]V[MO]VLWZMK]Z[WLMKI[IKQ~VK]aW
M`KT][Q^WWJRM\WM[LQT]KQLIZ[QIY]MTaIQV\MZX]M[\WKIJyIWVWaMVKI[WXW[Q\Q^W
[MIK]MZLMI[yM[\QUIVLWM[\M[MO]VLWZMK]Z[WaWZLMVIVLWITI+nUIZIY]MMTM^M
TI[IK\]IKQWVM[LMTIKI[IKQ~VQVLMJQLIUMV\MQVILUQ\QLIXIZIXWLMZKWV\QV]IZ[]
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vulneracin del derecho al recurso de la parte.
4.9.6 Procedimiento:
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Y]M ^MyIUW[ XIZI TI IXMTIKQ~V XMZW QVKT][W Un[ [QUXTM X]M[ IY]y VW KIJM XMLQZ Y]M [M
instrumente una fase probatoria: todas las infracciones de prueba cometidas por los rganos
QVNMZQWZM[ LM LMKTIZIZ[M KWV T]OIZ TTM^IZnV I ]VI ZM\ZWIKKQ~V LM TW[ I]\W[ I TI [MO]VLI
QV[\IVKQI ^MZ X]V\W [QO]QMV\M Y]M M[ LWVLM LMJMV []J[IVIZ[M 8WZ \IV\W MT XZWKM[W [M
KWVO]ZIMVZMITQLILKWV]VINI[MVQKILMITMOIKQWVM[ITIY]M[MO]QZnT]MOWTILMLMKQ[Q~V
XIZ\QLI[IUJI[XWZ]V\ZnUQ\MLMKWV\ZWTLMTI;ITIad quem sobre la admisin del recurso.
:M[]T\I ]V \IV\W K]ZQW[I TI QUXW[QKQ~V KWV Y]M [M IJZM MT IZ\QK]TILW LMLQKILW IT
XZWKMLQUQMV\W +IXy\]TW ;MO]VLW LMT UWLW LM XZWKMLMZ MV K]IV\W MT IZ\ +8+5
[M}ITIY]M"TI[VWZUI[[WJZMMTZMK]Z[WLMKI[IKQ~VLMJMZnVIXTQKIZ[MMVTINWZUIY]MUn[
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TMaI[yKWUWTI[MO]ZQLILaTIKMZ\QL]UJZMR]ZyLQKI,MRIVLWI]VTILWTIQVVMKM[IZQMLIL
LM LQ[\QVO]QZ MV\ZM LW[ \uZUQVW[ KTIZIUMV\M ]\QTQbILW[ KWUW [QV~VQUW[ TI [MO]ZQLIL a
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comprensin proyectada sobre ella. Veamos en todo caso cada una de las fases:
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598
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aVWITW[VM[LM]VQNWZUQLILR]ZQ[XZ]LMVKQITM\K)PWZIJQMV[QKWVMK\IUW[TIUMV\ILIILUWVQKQ~VKWVTWY]M
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599
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sentencia de primera instancia y enumera una larga serie de preceptos legales infringidos.
600
4.9.6.2 Admisin:
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LMTI;ITIM`Q[\QM[MLWK\ZQVIR]ZQ[XZ]LMVKQITLMT<ZQJ]VIT;]XZMUW[WJZMLQKPIVWZUIW[WJZMW\ZIIV\MZQWZLM
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IZO]UMV\W[I]VIVnTQ[Q[LMNWVLWLMTW[UW\Q^W[XZM[MV\ILW[M[LMKQZIILMTIV\IZI]VINI[MIV\MZQWZILUQ[Q~VI
TIY]MVI\]ZITUMV\MTMKWZZM[XWVLyI[MV\MVKQILMVQ\Q^ITILMKQ[Q~V[WJZMTINIT\ILMZIb~VLMTZMK]Z[WLML]KQLW
601
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MV KWVR]VKQ~V KWV MT XZMKMX\W Y]M TM [QO]M MT +8+5 Y]M IT \QMUXW LM RIZ
MT WZLMV KWZZMK\W LM TW[ XZWV]VKQIUQMV\W[ LM TI [MV\MVKQI IL^QMZ\M Y]M TI UQ[UI
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602
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ITLIZZM[X]M[\IITW[UW\Q^W[LMTZMK]Z[WXZM[MV\ILWUW\Q^W[Y]MKWV[Q[\MVMV]V
cuestionamiento de la interpretacin o aplicacin de la sentencia recurrida sobre uno
WUn[XZMKMX\W[R]ZyLQKW[PILMZMNMZQZ[MXWZN]MZbIIM[W[XZMKMX\W[aXIZ\QZLMTW[
IZO]UMV\W[LMTZMK]ZZMV\M[MIXIZILMKQZTMY]M[y[MIXIZILM[M[\QUIZTW[UW\Q^W[
;QVMUJIZOWXIZILIZ[]ZM[X]M[\IMT<ZQJ]VITLM+I[IKQ~VVWM[\n^QVK]TILWITW[
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M[W KZMI LWK\ZQVI TMOIT a XIZI M[W MRMZKQ\I R]ZQ[LQKKQ~V XW[Q\Q^I a VW [WTIUMV\M
negativa.
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Tribunal de Casacin de otras normas y fundamentos jurdicosY]MM[\QUMXMZ\QVMV\M[
;M \ZI\IV XWZ \IV\W LM LW[ KW[I[ LQ[\QV\I[ Y]M VW LMJMV KWVN]VLQZ[M" ]VI [WV TI[
normas y otra los razonamientos sobre esas normas. Los razonamientos son
TQJZM[LMT<ZQJ]VIT#TI[VWZUI[[~TWIXIZ\QZLM]VLM\MZUQVILWX]V\W"IY]MTMVMT
Y]MMT<ZQJ]VITKI[MTI[MV\MVKQIQUX]OVILIXWZPIJMZKWUM\QLWu[\I]VIQVNZIKKQ~V
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X]V\W KWV\ZW^MZ\QLW LM Y]M [M \ZI\M ;~TW K]IVLW TI ZM[WT]KQ~V ZMK]ZZQLI Y]MLI
anulada y el Tribunal de Casacin entra a sustituir al rgano de instancia en el
MVR]QKQIUQMV\WLMT\MUIXZWKM[ITW[][\IV\Q^WM[K]IVLWMT<ZQJ]VITLM+I[IKQ~V
ILY]QMZMMTXWLMZXTMVWLMTiura novit curia para fallar del modo como corresponda en
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por las partes.
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KI[IMTnUJQ\WLMIK\]IKQ~VLMTI+WZ\M;]XZMUI[MPIJZnKWV\ZIyLWVQKIUMV\MI
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inferior devino acertada o desacertada.
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603
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605
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apreciacin de las pruebas conforme a las reglas de la sana crtica. Se
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un tratamiento comn a los casos de admisibilidad y a la valoracin de la
XZ]MJIMVK]IV\WITIVMKM[QLILLMY]MTI+WZ\MXWVLMZMTIQV]MVKQILMT
error en el fallo impugnado y en funcin de ello acuerde o no devolver los
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607
608
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610
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luego veremos.
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obra de la parte en cuyo favor se hubiese dictado la sentencia.
611
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decisividad para resolver la controversia en cuanto al fondo. Estaramos ante la
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impugnada. El legislador no ha limitado su cobertura a los documentos materiales
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del empleo o cargo por igual tiempo.
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por igual tiempo.
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aos.
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igual tiempo.
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funciones o en algn otro.
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pena de prisin de dos a cuatro aos.
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procesos cuyas sentencias permiten la revisin conforme al Ttulo Quinto del CPCM.
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sancionado con prisin de dos a diez aos.
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reiterando la doctrina de este Tribunal.
620
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621
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mayor de tal magnitud como para impedir fsicamente a la persona facultar a un
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formulada en su contra.
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comparecido entonces.
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622
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623
4.10.4 Procedimiento:
4.10.4.1 Interposicin:
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su lgico desenlace.
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proceso correspondiente.
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LM\MZUQVITIQVMKIKQILM\WLWTWIK\]ILWMVTIQV[\IVKQILMY]M[M\ZI\MaMVTI[[]XMZQWZM[I
u[\IVWINMK\IVLWITI[IV\MZQWZM[)[y"
629
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[MX\QMUJZMLMMVMT:WTTWVULMTXZWXQWI}WLQUIVIV\MLMTW[I]\W[LMR]QKQWWZLQVIZQWVU
LMLMT2]bOILWLM1V[\IVKQIVULMTIUQ[UI+IXQ\IT)[QUQ[UWIKWZLIUW[LM^WT^MZTW[I]\W[a:WTTW
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revisin. Contra esta resolucin no cabe recurso alguno.
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LM[X]u[MTMZZWZTWY]MXZW^WK~TIQV\MZXW[QKQ~VLMTILMUIVLILMZM^Q[Q~VITIXW[\ZMM[\QUILI
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MTQVNWZUMLMT5QVQ[\MZQW.Q[KITMTK]ITPIJyILQK\IUQVILWKWV\ZITIILUQ[QJQTQLILLMTW[XZQUMZW[KQVKWUW\Q^W[
y la admisin de los restantes.
630
BIBLIOGRAFA:
)LMUn[ LM TI[ WJZI[ OMVMZITM[ KQ\ILI[ IT VIT LMT <y\]TW 8ZMTQUQVIZ ZMKWUMVLIUW["
):)/76-;-;8-,:7a/1;*-:<5):<)"La apelacin en los procesos civiles: antecedentes,
legislacin, doctrina, jurisprudencia y formularios <PWU[WV :M]\MZ[ )ZIVbILQ [MO]VLI MLQKQ~V
+Qb]Z5MVWZ #+)*)k);/):+)2]IV+IZTW["La Valoracin de las pruebas y su control
en el proceso civil: Estudio dogmtico y jurisprudencial<ZQ^Q]U5ILZQL!!#+)4)5)6,:-1
Piero: La casacin civil ^WT[ *QJTQWOZnKI )ZOMV\QVI *]MVW[ )QZM[ !# 48-B
;6+0-B2I^QMZ"-TQV\MZu[KI[IKQWVIT+Q^Q\I[5ILZQL#5):<6*:)k);+IZTW["
El recurso de casacin civil por infraccin de las normas que rigen los actos y garantas procesales; anlisis
de la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional y del Supremo5K/ZI_0QTT5ILZQL!!#576<-:7
):7+)2]IVa.47:;5)<-;2W[u"El recurso de casacin civil: casacin e infraccin procesal
<QZIV\4W*TIVKP>ITMVKQI!#5=-:B)-;8):B)2]TQW2I^QMZ"El motivo 1 del artculo
1962 de la LEC de 1881 y su evolucin -=6;) 8IUXTWVI ! # ;1-::) /14 ,- 4)
+=-;<)1OVIKQWaW\ZW["Los recursos de casacin y extraordinario por infraccin procesal doctrina de
631
632
LIBRO QUINTO
LA EJECUCIN FORZOSA
<<=478:15-:7
DISPOSICIONES GENERALES
Santiago Garderes
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Estado.
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634
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ss.
644
5.5 COMPETENCIA
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VIKQWVITWM`\ZIVRMZILMT\y\]TW
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647
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5. 11 LA EJECUCIN PROVISIONAL
Santiago Garderes
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.]VLIUMV\W[LMTIMRMK]KQ~VXZW^Q[QWVIT111:MY]Q[Q\W[LMTIMRMK]KQ~VXZW^Q[QWVIT
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y decisin sobre la oposicin. VI. Revocacin de la sentencia provisionalmente
MRMK]\ILI
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protagonismo.
L
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resolverse los recursos
M
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N
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de la inicial intransigencia de las partes a favor de la transaccin o pacto entre
ellas.
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LM +~LQOW 8ZWKM[IT +Q^QT a 5MZKIV\QT LM TI :MXJTQKI LM -T ;IT^ILWZ ;MKKQ~V LM 8]JTQKIKQWVM[ LM TI +WZ\M
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dentro del plazo para evacuar el traslado del recurso de apelacin.
661
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tramit la primera instancia en el proceso respectivo.
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instancia, cualquiera que sea la instancia o grado en que se halle el proceso I]VY]M M[ KTIZW Y]M TI
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662
666
5.12.2 Procedimiento
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668
5.12.5 Embargo
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MRMK]KQ~V+WUW^QUW[ITKWUMV\IZMTXZWKMLQUQMV\WLMTIMRMK]KQ~VLQVMZIZQIMVTI[WTQKQ\]L
MT MRMK]\IV\M XWLZn PIKMZ UMVKQ~V LM TW[ JQMVM[ LMT MRMK]\ILW Y]M XWLZyIV [MZ INMK\IJTM[
XWZ TI MRMK]KQ~V [WTQKQ\IVLW MT MUJIZOW KWZZM[XWVLQMV\M# [Q VW KWVWKQMZI JQMVM[ W TW[ Y]M
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JQMVM[XZM^Q[\I[MVMT+~LQOWITI[Y]MaI[MPIPMKPWZMNMZMVKQI4W[IK\W[UI\MZQITM[LM
MRMK]KQ~VY]M[MKWVKZM\IVVITUMV\MMVTI[NWZUI[LMZMITQbIKQ~VaW[]JI[\ILMTW[JQMVM[
MUJIZOILW[XZM^Q[\I[MVTW[IZ\[a[[XZM[]XWVMVTIINMK\IKQ~VUI\MZQITLMM[W[JQMVM[
mediante el embargo.
-T MUJIZOW X]MLM LMVQZ[M [QO]QMVLW TI LWK\ZQVI KTn[QKI KWUW TI INMK\IKQ~V XWZ WZLMV
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^MZ[I TI MRMK]KQ~V LM ]V KZuLQ\W Y]M [M ZMKTIUI W PI LM [MZ ZMKTIUILW MV ]V XZWKM[W LM
conocimiento.
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LM QVLQ^QL]ITQbIZ M QVUW^QTQbIZ ]VW W Un[ JQMVM[ LMT LM]LWZ I[MO]ZIVLW Y]M MT QUXWZ\M
resultante de su eventual realizacin se destine a la satisfaccin del derecho del acreedor. Pero
MTJQMVWJQMVM[KWV\QVIV[QMVLWLMXZWXQMLILLMTLM]LWZPI[\IMTUWUMV\WLM[]ZMITQbIKQ~V
I]VY]MIY]uT[MPITTIQUXMLQLWLMMRMK]\IZIK\W[Y]MQUXTQY]MVLQ[UQV]QZTIOIZIV\yIY]M
tales bienes representan.
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ss.
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671
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MV:M^Q[\I=Z]O]IaILM,MZMKPW8ZWKM[IT6X[a[[
672
5.12.6 Terceras
4IQV\MZ^MVKQ~VLM\MZKMZW[MVTIMRMK]KQ~VNWZbW[IXZM^Q[\IKWVKIZnK\MZOMVMZITMVMTIZ\
[MKWVKZM\IMVZMTIKQ~VITIMRMK]KQ~VLQVMZIZQIKWVTIZMNMZMVKQIITI\MZKMZyILMLWUQVQW
y a la tercera de preferencia de pago.
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LM [][ LMZMKPW[ M QV\MZM[M[ IY]MTTW[ K]aW[ JQMVM[ W LMZMKPW[ P]JQMZIV ZM[]T\ILW INMK\IJTM[
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+WUW [M M`XTQKI MV ]V M[\]LQW [WJZM TI QV\MZ^MVKQ~V LM \MZKMZW[ MV TI MRMK]KQ~V NWZbW[I
el fenmeno de las terceras se produce cuando en un proceso determinado se incorporan
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QV\MZ^MVLZn MV MT XZWKM[W ]V \MZKMZW Y]QMV ILY]QZQZn \IUJQuV TI KITQLIL LM XIZ\M XIZI TI
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XZWKM[WXZQVKQXITY]M[QO]MVMTIK\WZaMTLMUIVLILW
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678
679
684
5.13.1 Introduccin
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ZMMZMITXIOWLM]VI[]UILMLQVMZW[QVWI]VIXZM[\IKQ~VY]MXWLZnKWV[Q[\QZMVPIKMZVW
PIKMZITOWWLIZKW[ILM\MZUQVILILQ[\QV\ILMTLQVMZW
-[I^IZQIV\MMVMTKWV\MVQLWLMTIWJTQOIKQ~V]VQLIITLMZMKPWLM\WLWIKZMMLWZIWJ\MVMZ
MT K]UXTQUQMV\W LM TI [MV\MVKQI MV [][ XZWXQW[ \uZUQVW[ LM\MZUQVI Y]M \ZI\nVLW[M LM
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4IMRMK]KQ~VLMPIKMZVWPIKMZWLIZKW[ILM\MZUQVILIXZM[MV\ITW[UQ[UW[XZM[]X]M[\W[a
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LMTIXIZ\MMRMK]\IV\M[QVTIK]ITVWXWLZnLQ[XWVMZ[MVQVO]VIUMLQLILMMRMK]KQ~V
-VZMTIKQ~VITI[MV\MVKQIKWUW\y\]TWLMMRMK]KQ~VLMJM\ZI\IZ[MLM]VI[MV\MVKQILMKWVLMVI
o de una prestacin de condena contenida en una sentencia constitutiva o meramente
declarativa.
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685
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ss.
686
687
692
LIBRO SEXTO
DISPOSICIONES FINALES
Oscar Antonio Canales Cisco
;=5):17")+<=)41B)+16,-+=)6<);,-4);5=4<);
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de pagadura respectiva.
6.3 DEROGATORIAS
4I ^QOMVKQI LMT V]M^W +8+5 LMRI N]MZI LMT WZLMVIUQMV\W R]ZyLQKW [IT^ILWZM}W ]VI
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para cuestionar la vigencia o no de cierta ley procesal.
694
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aplicar procedimientos aislados para decidir controversias de los derechos y
obligaciones remiten al C.P.C. derogado. Para resolver el inconveniente se dispone
LMTIIXTQKIKQ~V[]XTM\WZQILMTK~LQOW[MOVMTIZ\
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C.P.C.M.
LIBRO SEPTIMO
ANEXOS
7.1 TABLA DE CONCORDANCIAS
Oscar Antonio Canales Cisco
Advertencias
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del Cdigo de Procedimientos Civiles/1882.
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Procedimientos Civiles/1882.
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un elemento comn en el derogado Cdigo de Procedimientos Civiles/1882.
Disposiciones
CPCM/2010
Disposiciones
CPC/1882
)Z\
Art. 1182
Acto de conciliacin.
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)Z\
Acumulacin de procesos.
)Z\
)Z\
Institucin
Abstencin.
)LUQ[Q~VLMTILMUIVLIMRMK]\Q^I
)Z\
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Allanamiento a la demanda.
Art. 131
)Z\
Anticipo de prueba.
Art. 326
Art. 162
Art. 288
)Z\a
Caducidad de la Instancia.
Art. 133
)Z\)
Capacidad procesal.
)Z\!
Art. 16
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Carga de la prueba.
Art. 321
Art. 237
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Art. 166
)Z\!
Cese de la representacin.
Art. 73
)Z\
Clases de resoluciones.
Art. 212
)Z\
Comisiones procesales.
)Z\
Art. 27
Competencia de grado.
)Z\!
)Z\!
)Z\!
)Z\!
696
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Art. 166
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Cmputo de plazos.
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Art. 212
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Congruencia de la sentencia.
Art. 218
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Art. 161
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Contestacin a la demanda.
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Art. 236
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Art. 261
Art. 162
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Costas procesales.
Art. 271
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De las multas.
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Art. 1268
Art. 71
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Declaracin de parte.
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Art. 371
Art. 238
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Declinatoria.
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Deliberacin de sentencia.
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Demanda.
Art. 276
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Desercin de la apelacin.
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Desistimiento de la instancia.
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Art. 1277
Dictamen de perito.
Art. 386
Art. 363
Diligencia preliminares.
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Diligenciamiento de emplazamiento.
Art. 183
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Art. 1173
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Art. 228
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Art. 227
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Embargo preventivo.
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Art. 612
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697
Art. 283
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Art. 187
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Art. 181
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Improponibilidad de la demanda.
Art. 277
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Impugnacin de la autenticidad.
Art. 338
Art. 287
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Art. 138
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Instrumentos privados.
Art. 332
Art. 262
Instrumentos pblicos.
Art. 331
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Interrogatorio de testigos.
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Jurisdiccin.
Art. 21
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Litispendencia.
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Art. 222
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Medios probatorios.
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Art. 282
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Art. 68
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Art. 27
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Art. 177
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Art. 171
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Art. 232
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Obligacin de colaborar.
Art. 12
Art. 1261
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Art. 11
Pertinencia de la prueba.
Art. 318
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Poder especial.
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Art. 113
Poder general.
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Art. 111
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Art. 111
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Presunciones legales.
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Art. 232
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Principio de trascendencia.
Art. 233
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698
Art. 13
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Principio dispositivo.
Art. 7
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Procesos posesorios.
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Art. 778
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Proposicin de prueba.
Art. 317
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Prueba documental.
Art. 331
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Prueba pericial.
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Art. 287
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Reconocimiento Judicial.
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Art. 366
Reconvencin.
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Art. 232
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proceso.
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Recurso de apelacin.
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Remisin de procesos.
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Art. 168
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Art. 217
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Sentencia.
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Sentencia de apelacin.
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Art. 633
Art. 226
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Art. 1276
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Art. 32
Suscripcin de escritos.
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Art. 72
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Tercera de dominio.
Art. 636
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Valoracin de la prueba.
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Voto.
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699