13

''G''`d j cdG hDe

Y a J GWfS
idG gOY LG
Je jfCG H Wf JQG

g e ..''jEG'' Y
dG fG
''G''`d TG H dG Y

dGdG ec K''
''WdG
dSG j HdG jBG Ge
''G''`d jh dGdG

S SdG IOGQEG Z''

''AGQRdG e dG e IdG
''G''`d GH fGa hdG G

bGe J FdG
dG GWfS
U Y j jQG FQ

'' NS fCG''

2013 a 24 MCG
`g 1434 dG HQ 13 `d aGG

FGG OdG Fa aJ Gg

..''jEG - GWfS'' b
YCG c N eh

,FGG djEG jRZh f cT eH JGh ,dG Y eCG dG ffdG Z dGh ihTdG jb a UGJ
EG 2010 e K ,dG N djEG dGdG VY dG jda .G L e FG AG J b dG UdG H Y dG
.dG W NO e YS FGG RH dG dG d ,eg ASCG Y c ,BG

a ,djEG dGdG YEG eh .VGdH

,hCG IdG Nh .jCG FGG
''jS'' Y hCG hDG IQOe S
.2010 FGG ,SQhCG dJ ,FGG

2010 Gdd jOGJQG Gg

H ,jW FdG fc dG g h
''jS'' d HdG dG jG hJ
,f edG HdG e ,SQhCG dJ ,FGG
eb dG ihTdG b UJ Y d
He dhDe e d ,jFGL ASd
,edG OdG e GOY djEG cdG aG
g Qbh .QhO Qe 11^4 GH IQG
GJ h .hQhCG e 197`H dGh ihTdG
J dG ,ihTdGh dG b YGJ
ha MCG ,''jS'' djEG cdG aO b
dG eG e YJG J ,djEG ''jEG''
e Rj H ,djEG Y dG j
YEG ASH ,2013h 2009 H FGG
,Fb a Y ,a 10 ,GO
Y dG e djEG dGd FGO dG ch
bdG ebh .jFGLh djEG ASCG Fb
hCG bdG d ec H jObG
H ,hQS dhH jEG ,''jEG'' Y
dG MCG cP c .FGG GLGe c
eCG jh ,dG SdG jFGG
e Ad N ,q b dG hH jdG Qf jH
,''jEG'' Y dG bdG j jEG ah
bdG jRd Qe fCG Y ,hQS dhH
bdG ,N T dG ,HdG LGh
e ,FGG EG dG Sh dG
jdG djEG G Y OjEG JQG
LHh GSH O dG Ib Y j
Le djEG dG Jh .hQJSh
G h ,AdG H UN ,GjL
dG aO b G ASCG Fb Y
cT aG gS dG ihTdGh
''T e '' e ,jQe djEG
.hQhCG e 197 e `cCH IQGh ,''RZe''h
GQeEG EG dG e AL j bh
EG e AL OYh ,fc fgh IG HdG
dGU M :FGG
.djEG

FdG c jGH .2010

,GSH hO Ha YSG 2010 jGH e
dGbCG d ''jS jEG'' dG jG
jb gh ,Yh ihTQ e q J
jh ,g jObG bdG fc
hO IY V U e IOSH eCG
IQG jdG fch .dGh ihTdH
RdG fCG U e H e jQ e
,QhO e 580 b ddG ''3 c L''
H ''jS jEG'' G d SCG
e iNCG OYh ,dG Gh VGdG
QGfa fc'' fCG Y e cGdH
gSh .''S CG S S'' jeCGh ''H
dhDG e jdG MGREG dG QfG
MH jGH ,djEG Ue e edG
Jh ,J fGa hH ,dG jG FdG
AdGh SdG Wd G jG e
G jG dSGh ,hQa hH ,''jS''`d
hQdCG ,''jEG'' IQGOEG Yh
eCG dhDG ADg eh ,fH
.2011 jaCG a jL fe
e ,FGG EG dG GOGJQG eG ,HH
e GQWEG IY bJ EG aCG a
dG jG FdG SCGQ Y ,GWfS
G Y ,FdG Ffh ,je ,HdG
IQTEG dG MG H eh .a
jQe e djEG cdG IOSG ,dEG
e 2008 S N b H ,egh Ic
iNCG jQe dEG VCG ,QhO Qe 6^5 j
e ''3 c L'' RZ fCG he ch ,M
9 OhM EG RdG f YH S ch ,gCG
H dZ RZ fCG jh e e je
T ,bdG jRh SG OOJh .djEGh FGG
g e GHE J YG a Gc ,N
H e dP ch ,VGdG H OdG
bdG IQGRh JQOe gS dG SCG
SH jJh 2010 e LGh
UH dG SGh .Sj
GO aCG e gh ,2012h 2011 S djEG
OH JG ,IjG dG Y dG EG
L 2009h 2007 H djEG cd eb

YEG RH1996h 1993 GS N 

H JG OdG jb hCG jEG
bh ,''jS'' Yah ''jEG'' Y
fch ,G gCG V e cdG fc
dG dG cdG RHCG e ''jEG''
S eg OH Xh ,FGH RdG
FGG JTH dG jdGh fdG Y
HfCG ebEH d S dGh ,fdG
dGh ,fJ Y djEG j hCG ,Rd
hCG djEG cdG eHCGh .G Y fSEG
.1977h 1972 H IG IdG gOY
IdG jS c djEG YG
,RdG fCG J jQJ ,1983 H IG
eCG b hCG J e dG eh
hO Ha 1996h 1993 djEG dGdG
fe jQL ch ,GSH
hO Ha YSG ,1992 jf a .djEG
,''jEG'' Y FQ Sd GSH
NCG Gg dN YG .QZc jHZ
LQ e QhO e 32 H Y SH
SJ ''jEG'' fch .j Y dG YCG
dG Y Yh .FGGh d M eGbCG
EG QTCG M ,jaf jFGL dhDe e Hb
OY Y G e ''jEG'' gS fCG
hG ''OfJ'' RdG fCG e ,FGG
eG FQ eCG M ,Je jfCH jCG
id H ,dG Y H ,GfBG
UN ,AT EG j dG dh ,FGG
UGh ,dP eh .jS eG MQ H
SJ aY H ,JWf djEG cdG
2009h 2000 H e IdG UN ,FGG
cGT OY IY ''jEG'' Y aG M
VCGh .FGG LfEG Shh ,LQNh NGO
djEG cd fEG cCG K ''jEG''
72 QG ,jaEG Th ShCG dG e
e H ALh ,dG e ej eH dCG
fch .ej eH dCG 236`H LfEG QG
e Qe 25 QG FGd HR gCG djEG
,G fEG TfG eh .jS e
e cGT ebCGh dG EG ''jEG'' G
.SG GWfS

 2013 a 24 MCG
`g 1434 dG HQ 13 `d aGG

''G''`d jh dGdG dSG j HdG jBG Ge

MdG Y H S :FGG

HdG jBG Ge

gHh ,dG Qd eGMG

dG d dG FdG j
M , Qe H
MCG JGP G FQ j
j CH G Ib
.''dG
CG'' Y G OTh
FdG qY dG G QG
c d dG d dG
Vb Sh MU
e J feEG dh ,dG
jh ,HdG AGQRdGh AGQRdG
e ,eGhCG c QGUEH eCG
hCG G hCG dG hCG QMEG
M h .''FdG HbdG
c Ea ,GAGLEG g OYG
GQWEG AGS ,WQG
dG S ,jNBG hCG edG
,dG G ie Y e
G e dEG e dMEH

HdG jBG Ge eG OT 
dG 2 GWfS e CG Y
,dM edG HdG a
d SS IOGQEG EG j
dGh hCG QhdG EG dG
eh ,dhd edG GQWEG e
,HdG AGQRdGh AGQRdG H
GAGLEG Ea IOGQEG g hOh
Y S G ffdG
dh jOdG GQWEG e dG
cP dhd S QWEG CG
.YEG SG
JG ,HdG jBG b
fb EG ,''G'' e Jg
a CG Y j GAGLEG
ie Y ,edG HdG
b M ,jOdG G
Vd MdG j e
c e dGh J dG
ASH ,H G UTCG
IdGh HdG AGQRdGh AGQRdG
,dhd edG GQWEGh
J Y jNCG ADg eEHh
QH dG Vb eCG
Gj CG H dGbCG Sh
.XdG Vh
G EG'' :eG VCGh
cCG M ,g e MG
acG Y jQG ch CG
,HS jRh hCG jRh JG feEG
GWfS b G g c
UG ffdG GAGLEG Ea ,2
G SQEG Y J dG H
,dG G id dG FdG EG

dG ASCG

hH jdG Qf ja

g VQ

Qf ja dh 
gh ,hH jdG
jRh CG HG
HdG LQG
G FQh
,HdG QSdG
20 ,hH
1969 S
j CG b ,fa
e IOT Y M Gc EG
CG b ,dG jQdG SGQdG e
f FGZ OGe jJ Y Nj
FQ e HGb j CG b ,FGG
H bYh dhdG dG
.bhG b EG Ud N
SDe 2002 hH ja SCG
dGh ,HH ge LGj dG ''jQ''
hd G cdG J
ShQ jeCG QSG
N T e bh .GQSd
GWfS SCG H Y cdG d
bh .LjEG hOh cQGOfCG SDe
H UG dG N cP
YdG gCG MCG fCG 2 GWfS
fCGh , dG edG
GeCG NCj c dG SdG
.jFGG dhDd

,H OdG ,g VQ T 
dG jG FdG GjO FQ e
bh ,je ,GWfS
''S QCG H'' b Ie hC SG X
,hCG GWfS b K 2003
G W e SG hGJ CG H
T jRdG e c dG
GWfS SSCG YdGh N
SDe cCG g dG dG Qh
Ue IY g VQ T .jaEG
bh ,QH FGG GQS
GQS jhJ b Y G
j CG b ,fdG SQe j
H H e HhQhCG jh Y
FGG EG Oj CG b ,cJh fSEGh
Ggh H IQdG YCG H d
EG N T UHh .UdGh
Qe e T ,1999 dG
jjH e K ,LGh bdG jRh
e EG d ,GWfd jQdG
GWfd dG jG FdG Qe
g VQ QOZ bh .je
GjS EG Le 2009 FGG
eCG de fG H ITe
cT g dG FdG dG
e jdG YG dGh ,GWfS
SCGdG g g VQ CG a G
.dG d HG

N T

GH fGa

CG T e e fEa dP hO eh
.bGe GP j d J CG
GH cCG ,jdG J Yh
QfG jQM AdG j fCG
dG ac SG
C ,FdGh jQGOEG
dGNG Ic SDe
dG cGdG e OY
c .j c ,Gh
c KCJ hM GH SG
dh ,dG jQG Y
dG id HU g
Gg e dG GQWEGh
CG dP eh .G G
e H G cdG J
dH MdG jQe
SDG a OQh d
.dG
U .

GMCG g e C ,JWf
,H GN Se
YG J EGh M
dH GYd Ie G
.''Y
CG GH cCG ,dG f
ge QgdGh KCdG Gg Ie
g gCG dh ,eGY IH
Gh dG OQ YS
Y dG Y hCG ,adGh
HdG Jh .jdG dG OQ
IL S IOSG eEH fCG
dGdG e edH hdG GPEG
G VhCG J IOYEGh
,FG UEG dh SG
Se cgh dBG OYGh
g e hM Od
OYG j c .GRhdG
,bGd SDG QN HGJ

,IdG jdGh G MU 
SdG dG cCG HJ
S dP ,jObGh
c ,dH
e gCG HJ
OdGh ihTdG
''jEG''`H G
''jS''h
e FGG
Mh ,1993
FQ Y
jHZ ,''jEG''
hCG QZc
Yh ,b
,hQS dhH
He UGhh
ba I G
jb a OYCG K ,GS 10
2010 djEG cd OdG
.2012h 2011h

dGU M :FGG
jJ ,GH VhCG 
Y f fEG'' :''G''`d
YSh YEG FSh a J
CG c ,eg GQhO eG Pf
eG Z G Y
K dEG j ,`KDeh c
YdG dG CGdG
IQU Ea dd ,jObG
GY idG YG
Z dSCGQh KQEG eg
Fa EG'' e .''OG
GWfS e dG J H
dGh INCG GdG
''jEG'' Y a ''jS''
cdG ,''a S CG SCG''h
e ,AdGh Sd jdG
cdG g J CG fCT

''WdG dGdG ec K''

e J Ia ,LCG
fEG TG H b ,dG jRh
jb Y jG j ''
.''dGdG ie Y BG g
b SCG dG jRh ch
JLN NBG ,YG
J GWfS CH ,eYEG
,1965 e dG AS e
,cd .FfEG GS e CG
TG H dG Y J
1999 S dG jRh e
qd ,2001 e jf EG
EG jQG Fd GQe
EG Od ,2003 jaCG jf
jaCG dG jRh e
.2005 S jZ EG 2003
Sj S :FGG

dG FdG
SH hO Ha fe

hdG G YG
CG GH fGa
cT dG FdG
GWfS H Ic
CG SCG''h ''jS''h ''jEG''h
J ,''a S
c ,bGe dG
,JWf Jh VJ
IOSG CG EG Ge
cdG g IQU
dG OQ YH Je
e edG hdGh
.dGdG

''G''`d TG H dG Y

T ,HdG bdG jRh dh 

,HG ILh j 1939 ,N
,Gghh Jh H dW bh
IG jdG EG j CG b
,eG SGQO cCG M 1964
SdG GQcO Y h
OY .1968 SJ eH dhdG
e T M 1970 FGG EG
,GWfH bhG J hDe
dG dH Y j CG b
T dG jf h .1980
JdG jeCG a FQ e
1999 e YJ dG dG dG
Y FdG Qe e d
1999 jO h .JH jdG
gh ,LGh bd jRc N J
T c .2010 cJ dG G
hdG e FQ e N T
.2008 HhCG d IQG

dG fG g e ..''jEG'' Y

dG GWfS bGe J FdG

. :U

''G'' :U

''AGQRdG e dG e IdG S SdG IOGQEG Z''

.HdG jBG cCG e M ,jOdG
EG JGP fdG QG QTCGh
Y dG AfG H fCG
cG Ea ,dG G ie
,jOdG G ie Y J
2 GWfS b J GPEa
Y S cG Ea ,L
H G ie
,jL J GPEG eCG ,G
Ab S cG Ea
.FGG
OdG CG'' G Mh
hCG HdG EG dH
AdG H AGQRdG e dH
e dH VQCG HdG
EG j ,a jOY UTCG
dCG CG VhCGh .''SS IOGQEG
HdG e IQO Je J
jRh eGhC J dG edG
,eG bdG EG G dG
edG HdG EG G j CGh
J EG j dG d
EG dG jRh Lj Hc
.jOdG d edG HdG
G Ea ,AGLEG Gg Z h
AGQRdG j dh j d
jQcG HdG AGQRdGh
j dG eCG gh ,YEG
e M ,eCG j jZ EG PJG
dG CG GcDe ,HdG jBG OQhCG
dhO Y dG c H FGG
SG hCG J dG fdG
.AdG

Je jfCG H Wf JQG

''G''`d GH fGa hdG G

Y ,SCG dG jRh b 
jd d fEG ,TG H dG
d H j jJ CG
cd INCG FdG Y
CG GcDe ,GWfS WdG
J jFGG dGdG K''
H dG Y cCGh .''e
e Jg JG ,TG
Y OdG jb CG ,''G''
dM LJ GWfS ie
h dGdG ie Y
.''Y jG
j GDS Y GOQh
jQJ H Y YWG
bG G dG G
bG OdG H LGeh
cT e WdG cd

,1993h1992 djEG
.Ic ShDhQ S gSh
cGdG H ,IdG J
JhQP GWfSh ''jEG'' H
Y ,1990 jf ,bdG H
OGSH j jL JG
RdG e aVEG c
e je 7 QG ,FGG
REG dP Jh .jS e
cdG d SCG K N
SCJ dG ''jS''
''jEG''`H CGh 1956
L QKCG hG Gg .1969
ch SGh
Z dGh ihTdG H
Ib gTH ,H NG
a 17 e fe
jV H e ch ,1992
,GfBG ''jEG'' FQ dG
fG dG ,QZc jHZ
.1993 jL dG
G YG FQ ch
G MCG hQS dhH
Mh He ch ,a
.GT 16 I dH Y
dG dG Y Yh
Ea ,djEG H dG
,FGG MG dG
dG J e a T H
FdG dG H eb
,ee Ff RJ ,djEG
CG ZQ ,dG W G NOh
GfBG W jFGG dG
,e M ,bdG jRh e
,dG Y H eM Y
aW GWfS J CG
djEG eG id fe
.MhG jdG
dGU M :FGG

dOG dG bdG

''jEG'' Y JQG 
,Je jfCG H
.d FQ hCGh cdG SDe
fjRf fCG'' cT
SDG hCG ''QHQchQjEG
ahG bhd WdG
SCJ ,''jEG'' ''`H GQNG
1998 eCJ h 1953
30 H dhdG MG e
e fc ,dSCGQ e FH
dG LCG cdG FGhCG
jFGG dG NO
,UH ,RdG jJ
hCG ,jQdH SQe Ia
J dG Je j FQ
Ad b 1962 HcCG 27
Je c dH Uh
''jEG'' Wf CGH .FGG
FdG Y YH QJ
,djEG Yd ddG
1967 H ,S LhCG
MGe NOh
.1971h
FdG Y dG
FaGQ ,eGh HGdG
1975h 1971 H JhL
1975 H S hHh
hCG ''jEG'' bh PEG ,1979h
FGG RdG OGSG OY
YGh .GWfS e 1972
H ,1977 SQ OdG
,fJ e UdG SG
cCG REG eCG dG d
,''jEG'' jRdG jQG
RdG fCG ebEG jh
jH j dG ''OfJ''
.e e Qe 12^3`H djEG
REG e fG dG NCG Gg
hCG AGQh c ,1983
dGdG a M dG FdG

..''jS''

,1993 e FGH ''jS jEG'' jb SG cP dG MG dG MCG 

G VG G jh ,af Z S GT 16`H hCG dG Y Mh
1946 af 28 dh .jQ Z FdG H ''jEG'' Y dG bdGh
,ObG J f cH eL jN ,djEG T H Gfa j
Y Y ,1973 ed H YCG SQ SG IO T Y Mh
S fdG Ya ,ce hdG IG K ,jeCG ''haT''
j K ,H Y jJ hDe jh fjH EG d ,HZ
j K ,2005h 2002 H AHdG fEG cT cCG ,jEG ''jEG'' FQ
c .2006 djEG jbdG YG cCG ''jEG'' FQ
H eG dG dG K ,1996 EG 1993 dGh ihTdG e Fb
.2013h 2010

GOa

V FGG dhdG adG g U 

jJ MG M ,GOa `cCG GdG
,H 176 e 105 JdG 2012 S
10 e f 3^4 Y FGG Mh
dG ie Y OdG TDe
Y AH TDG OYG jh .edG
ieh dG dG e dhO g GjJ
dhO de g 11h dG ObG

idG gOY LG Y a J
q GWfS
MG ie Y c jdGh ffb H ''jEG'' e eG OdG

`cCG e FGG
GdG

HdG YG h .iNCG jLh

JGh ,GH 18 e 10 JG FGG
JJ Xh .dhO 50 e jaEG 21
M ,2012h 2003 H e GNCe FGG
10 e f 2^9 TDe Y M
,183 e 112 JGh 2011
111 JG Y 2008 FGG Mh
.10 Y f 2^8h

''G''`d j cdG hDe

OdG jb fe aW SCJ feEG SGQO

''jEG'' Y dG bdG

hQS dhH

14

. :U

15

''jS'' cT e

LeOEG b S CG 1968 FGG JWf CGH ,''jEG'' a ,''jS'' 

T dG J .GWfS SCJ e GS 5 Hh ,djEG YG
SG Yh ,jRQCGh edG SM H Hj c 500 H RZ fCG REG
,djEG dGdG JQKCG b hCH SG bG .Oe SM SGh
CG YG FQ aGYG ''jd'' djEG YSCG c YCG
OY Y G d ihTQ J UH ,QZc jHZ ,''jEG''
OY IY J ''jS'' cdG X ,dP eh .FGG RdH OhdG J
fCG hGH'' f bJ e JOSG e UN ,2010h 2000 H IG IdG
hGH c''h GWfS H jeCG jFGG G cdG ''Qhfc hQ
dOe U bQ L e ,VGdG H OH ,''JQdg'' a ''hQ CG
.U :FGG
.MhG jdG

b GWfS hDe Qe c
Y ,GWfd dG jG FdG
NGO Y a H ,"QR G
LGe IOYE ,cdG GQWEG e q e
dGh e IdG UN ,OdG L
,LCG cdG e bJ
.''jS'' djEG e

GgH GWfS e

.dH FdG e
Ea ,QOG GP Mh
dG hDe e jdG
a e GQWEG Gh
GhOf ,HfCG Y dG
dG dG Z jdH
cd OdG H fc
jhT NCG hO ,djEG
EG Ge ,QYG H GfBG
c SSCG QhdG CG
bdH UG NG
G EG Lj dG Y
HG be H j dG
.cdG ie Y
.S

,a j CG ,ffb
Y S jdG CG M
e dG MG ie
e dG hG b
fCG SSCG Y cdG d
VhdG J bCG
adH ,bG eG
fG H REG dJ e
YT Y jh .hG
cd MG dG
jW j djEG
d J fc M ,e
dG eG L INCG
Y G jQH UG
d ,GWfS W e

dG jG Fd Y Ff
S dG ,GWfd
,GWfS SCJ b
aW ,eRdG dOCG aJ M
dJ dG dG fe
AdG ie Y dM
iNCGh ,FGGh jEG
hO W e gJ j
dGdG H eb e e iNCG
QJ cCJ QfG ,jdG
''a S CG SCG''
.dG
L CG QOG GP cCGh
e UN ,bh dG OdG
fc ,djEG cdG

Sj S :FGG
QOG GP cCG ,HH 
SQEG BG jZ EG j fCG
dd edG G e a
QfG Y ,GWfd
ie Y ihTdG a
fc CG H ,djEG dGdG
e e fG b
H ,2010 S GWfS
.''jS'' b dG
,QG GP bh
a EG ,''G''`d jJ
Y TH dG dG
H S ,OdG LGe

j JH
U Y

b e Qe
j dG

'' NS fCG''

dhDG g HG a
GWfS bGe Y

jdG Y ,jQG FQ YCG 

jFGG dGdG K Y ,JH
cT b Heh N d
J QeCG'' g CG EG Ge ,GWfS
.''fQSGh S
Jf dSQ ,JH FdG bh
EG Lh ,jFGG AfCG dch
d dG Od dG eCG
,dG S G Y ,jFGG
jFGG dGh edG ach
OG AfE LhOG icdG S
G Gg '' fEG ,bhG eCJh
e Y GdG Qhe eCG CG Rj
GP QeCG e GNDe adG dhJ
Ge ,''GWfS cT H U
.''fQSGh S J'' QeCG fCG EG
FQ cDj ,K Y d''
S fOH dGY CG ,jQG
dhDG Oh HG g N
HdH RG QdG M h
.''fGb Y UG
EG . :FGG

b e dhDe QOe c 
cT HM bGe CG dG
jW Y J ,Yhah GWfS
e G HG a
QTEG jdG ,cdG W
NG J M dGdG
GP dbh .JHM ie Y
EG ,''G''`d jJ ,QOG
WdG cdG HM bGe
cdG bGe QWEG NJ
J dG ,jObG edG
,HG a fSH
aQ MU d jdG
M HG Y jdG
,iNCG L e .NG J
AGLEG CG QOG f cCG
ie Y bGe Y
j CG GWfS HM
,edG dG e H
edG G e a SQEH
Y hCG dd
.SG
Sj S :FGG