PROFESOR: DOUGLAS AVANCIN

REGLAS DE FONTICA

- A ANTES DE L SUENA
BALL (bol) = PELOTA CALL (kl) = LLAMAR FALL (fl) = CAERSE, OTOO SMALL (sml) = PEQUEO

- ALK SUENA K
WALK (wok) = CAMINAR CHALK (chok) = TIZA TALK (tok) = CONVERSAR

- WR SE OMITE LA W
WRONG (ron) = EQUIVOCADO WRITE (rit) = ESCRIBIR WRANGLER (rngler) = VAQUERO WRECK (rek) = CHOQUE

- IGHT SUENA AT
LIGHT (lit) = Luz NIGHT (nit) = Noche FIGHT (fit) = Pelea RIGHT (rit) = Derecho FLIGHT (flit) = Volar

- OU SUENA AU
OUT (aut) = FUERA HOUSE (jus) = CASA CLOUD (klud) = NUBE BLOUSE (blus) = BLUSA

- EE SUENA I
FREE (fri) = LIBRE SCREEN (skrin) = Pantalla FEET (ft) = PIES FEED (fd) = ALIMENTAR

- OO SUENA
FOOT (ft) = PIE FOOD (fd) = COMIDA COOL (kl) = CHVERE, FRO BOOK (bk) = LIBRO

EXEPCIONES DE OO

DOOR (do-or) = PUERTA

FLOOR (flo-or) = PISO

BLOOD (blad) = SANGRE

FLOOD (flad) = INUNDACIN

U I ANTES DE R SUENA E

CURSE (krs) = maldicin

GIRL (gur) = chica

SHIRT (shert) = camisa

CHURCH (chrch) = iglesia

NURSE (nrs) = enfermera

PURSE (prs) = bolso de mujer

- A SUENA U

LOAD (lud) = carga

ROAD (rud) = camino

TOAD (tud) = sapo

FOAM (foum) = espuma

OAK (uk) = roble

OAT (ut) = avena

BOAT (but) = barco

KN SE OMITE LA K
KNIFE (nif) = cuchillo KNEE (n) = rodilla KNIT ( nt) = anudar KNOT (nt) = nudo

KNOW (nu) = saber, conocer

AW SUENA

SAW (s) = Ver

DRAW (dr) =dibujar

RAW (r) =

CRAWFISH (crfsh) = Cangrejo

THE ALPHABET (de lfabet) (EL ALFABETO)

A (ei) B (bi) C (si) D (di) E (i) F (f) COGNADOS:

G (yi) H (eich) I (ai) J (yei) K (kei) L (l

M (em) N (n) O (ou) P (p) Q (ki) R (ar)

S (es) T (ti) U (i) V (vv) W (dabol i) X (exs)

Y (uai) Z (zet)

Palabras con similar o igual escritura en los idiomas y con igual significado

Ej.: HOSPITAL, PERSON. DOCTOR, HUMAN

PRESENTE
Answer (nser) Arrive (arraif) Ask (=) Call (col) Clean (Klin) Close (clus) Open (=) Cook (Kuk) End (=) Enjoy (enyoi) Help (jlp) Invite (invait) Learn (lrn) Listen to (lisent tu) Live (lif) Look At (lukt) Move (mf) Need (nid) Play (plei) Prefer (=) Repeat (ripit) Study (stadi) Talk (tok)

PASADO
Answered (nsert) Arrived (arrift) Asked (=) Called (clt) Cleaned (klint) Closed (clust) Opened (pent) Cooked (Kukt) Ended (=) Enjoyed (enyoied) Helped (jelped) Invited (invaired) Learned (lrnt) Listened to (lsent tu) Lived (lift) Looked at (lktat) Moved (mft) Needed (nided) Played (pleied) Prefered (prefrt) Repeated (ripired) Studied (stadied) Talked (tokt)

PARTICIPIO PASADO
Answered (nsert) Arrived (arrift) Asked (=) Called (clt) Cleaned (klint) Closed (clust) Opened (pent) Cooked (Kukt) Ended (=) Enjoyed (enyoied) Helped (jelped) Invited (invaired) Learned (lrnt) Listened to (lsent tu) Lived (lift) Looked at (lktat) Moved (mft) Needed (nided) Played (pleied) Prefered (prefrt) Repeated (ripired) Studied (stadied) Talked (tokt)

SIGNIFICADO
Contestar Llegar Preguntar Llamar Limpiar Cerrar Abrir Cocinar Terminar Disfrutar Ayudar Invitar Aprender Escuchar Vivir Mirar Mover Necesitar Jugar Preferir Repetir Estudiar Conversar

PRESENTE
BEGIN (biguin) BLEED (blid) BET (=) PUT (=) BREAK (brik) LET (=) BRING (=) BUILD (bild) BURN (brn) FIND (find) FEEL (fil) EAT (it) DRIVE (drif) DRINK (=) DO (d) MAKE (mik) COME (kom) GO (=) BUY (bai) DREAM (drim) GROW (gru) KNOW (nu) LEARN (lrn) TEACH (tich)

PASADO
BEGAN (bigan) BLED (=) BET (=) PUT (=) BROKE (bruk) LET (=) BROUGHT (brt) BUILT (bilt) BURNT (bernt) FOUND (fund) FELT (=) ATE (it) DROVE (druf) DRANK (=) DID (=) MADE (mid) CAME (kim) WENT (unt) BOUGHT (bt) DREAMT (drimt) GREW (gr) KNEW (ni)
LEARNT / LEARNED (lrnt)

PARTICIPIO PASADO
BEGUN (bigon) BLED (=) BET (=) PUT (=) BROKEN (=) LET (=) BROUGHT (brt) BUILT (bilt) BURNT (bernt) FOUND (fund) FELT (=) EATEN (ten) DRIVEN (=) DRUNK (drnk) DONE (don) MADE (mid) COME (kom) GONE (gn) BOUGHT (bt) DREAMT (drimt) GROWN (grn) KNOWN (non)
LEARNT / LEARNED (lrnt)

SIGNIFICADO
COMENZAR SANGRAR APOSTAR PONER, COLOCAR ROMPER PERMITIR, DEJAR TRAER CONSTRUIR QUEMAR, SE
ENCONTRAR, CONSEGUIR

SENTIRSE COMER MANEJAR, CONDUCIR BEBER HACER HACER VENIR IR COMPRAR SOAR CRECER SABER, CONOCER APRENDER ENSEAR

TAUGHT (tt)

TAUGHT (tt)

TO BE = SER O ESTAR
I AM YOU ARE HE IS SHE IS IT IS WE ARE THEY ARE (ai am) (iu ar) (ji is) (shi is) (itis) (ui ar) (dei ar)

/ WERE = Pasado Yo soy o estoy T eres o estas El es o est Ella es o est Eso es o est Nosotros somos o estamos Ellos son o estn

Prsente
AM IS ARE

Pasado
WAS WERE

Participio Pasado
BEEN (Sido o estado)

- I AM A TEACHER (SOY UN PROFESOR) - I AM IN THE CLASSROOM (ESTOY EN EL SALN DE CLASES) - YOU ARE A WOMAN (TU ERES UNA MUJER) - THE CAT IS DRINKING MILK (EL GATO EST TOMANDO LECHE) - WE ARE FRIENDS (SOMOS AMIGOS) - THE CHAIR IS BROWN (LA SILLA ES MARRN) - THEY ARE CHILDREN (ELLOS SON NIOS) - THEY ARE PLAYING TENNIS (ELLOS ESTN JUGANDO TENIS) CONTRACCIONES POSITIVAS CONTRACCIONES NEGATIVAS

I AM YOU ARE HE IS SHE IS IT IS WE ARE THEY ARE

(ai am) (iu ar) (ji is) (shi is) (it is) (ui ar) (dei ar)

I `M YOUR`R HE`S SHES ITS WERE THEYRE

(am) (iur) (jis) (shis) (its) (uir) (deir)

I AM NOT YOU ARE NOT HE IS NOT SHE IS NOT IT IS NOT WE ARE NOT THEY ARE NOT

(ai am not) (iu ar not) (ji is not) (she is not) (it is not) (ui ar not) (dei ar not)

IM NOT YOU AREN T HE ISNT SHE ISN`T IT ISN`T WE AREN`T THEY AREN`T

AM NOT ISN`T AREN`T -

AIN`T

I AM NOT A DOCTOR (Yo no soy un doctor) = I AIN`T A DOCTOR ( ella no es una secretaria)

- SHE ISN`T A SECRETARY - = SHE AIN`T A SECRETARY

PRESENTE
DO = HACER PASADO DE DO ES DID

I DO YOU DO HE DOES SHE DOES IT DOES WE DO THEY DO

(ai du) (iu du) (ji das) (shi das) (it das) (ui du) (dei du)

YO HAGO TU HACES EL HACE ELLA HACE ESO HACE NOSOTROS HACEMOS ELLOS HACEN

DO SE USA PARA HACER FORMAL UNA PREGUNTA - DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH? (T HABLAS INGLS?) [FORMA FORMAL] - YOU SPEAK ENGLISH? (T HABLAS INGLS?) [FORMA INFORMAL] - DOES HE SPEAK ENGLISH? (EL HABLA INGLS?) NO, HE DOESN`T / NO HE DOESN`T SPEAK ENGLISK (NEGATIVO) YES, HE DOES / YES, HE SPEAKS ENGLISH (AFIRMATIVO) LA S SE COLOCA AL VERBO CUANDO SE USA TERCERA PERSONA HE, SHE IT - DOES SHE SPEAK ENGLISH? (ELLA HABLA INGLS?) [FORMA FORMAL] - SHE SPEAKS ENGLISH? (ELLA HABLA INGLS?) [FORMA INFORMAL] Cuando se utiliza la forma formal para preguntar (DO, DID, WILL; al comienzo) los verbos se pronuncian en presente, en la forma informal, se pronuncian en pasado o participio pasado segn sea el caso. DOES HE DRINK WATER? DO YOU READ THE MAGAZINE? DO WE ENJOY THE FOOD? PASADO DE DO ES DID DID YOU GO TO EAT ? (FUISTE A COMER?) DID YOU LIVE IN CARACAS? (VIVISTE EN CARACAS?) - DO YOU GO TO DANCE ? (VAS A BAILAR?) PRESENTE - DID YOU GO TO DANCE? (FUISTE A BAILAR?) PASADO FORMA FORMAL - YOU WENT TO DANCE? (FUISTE A BAILAR?) PASADO FORMA INFORMAL - YOU STUDY LAST NIGHT? (ESTUDISATE ANOCHE?) [FORMA INFORMAL] - DO YOU LIVE IN CARACAS? (VIVES EN CARACAS?) - DID YOU LIVE IN CARACAS? (VIVISTE EN CARACAS?) - HE LIVES IN MRIDA? (EL VIVE EN MRIDA?) [FORMA INFORMAL] - DOES HE LIVE IN MRIDA? (EL VIVE EN MRIDA?) [FORMA FORMAL] - DID HE LIVE IN MRIDA? (VIVI EL EN MRIDA?)

HAVE = TENER HAS = TIENE

SE CONTRAE SIGNIFICADO

I HAVE YOU HAVE HE HAS SHE HAS IT HAS WE HAVE THEY HAVE

(ai jaf) (iu jaf) (ji jas) (shi jas) (it jas) (ui jaf) (dei jaf)

I`ve (aif) You`ve (iuf) He`s (jis) She`s (shis) It`s (its) We`ve (uif) They`ve (deif)

YO TENGO TU TIENES EL TIENE ELLA TIENE ESO TIENE NOSOTROS TENEMOS ELLOS TIENEN

- I HAVE A PENCIL (TENGO UN LAPIZ) - I DON`T HAVE A PENCIL (NO TENGO UN LAPIZ) - SHE HAS A PENCIL (ELLA TIENE UN LAPIZ) - SHE DOESN`T HAVE A PENCIL (ELLA NO TIENE UN LAPIZ) - DO YOU HAVE MONEY? (TIENES DINERO?) [FORMA FORMAL] - YOU HAVE MONEY? (TIENES DINERO?) [FORMA INFORMAL] - HE HAS GONE TO WORK (EL HA IDO A TRABAJAR) - HE`S GONE TO WORK (La contraccin HE`S corresponde a HE HAS porque el verbo est en participio pasado) - HE IS SLEEPING (EL ESTA DURMIENDO) - HE`S SLEEPING ( La contraccin HE`S corresponde a HE IS porque el verbo est en gerundio y tambien cuando est en presente) - IT HAS RAINED TODAY (HA LLOVIDO HOY) - IT`S RAINED TODAY (La contraccin IT`S corresponde a IT HAS porque el verbo est en participio pasado) - IT RAINS TODAY (LLUEVE HOY) - HE HAS GONE TO WORK (EL HA IDO A TRABAJAR) - HE`S GONE TO WORK ( EL HA IDO A TRABAJAR) - HE`S GOING TO WORK (EL VA A TRABAJAR) - THEY HAVE TO STUDY ENGLISH (ELLOS TIENEN QUE ESTUDIAR INGLS) - THEY`VE STUDIED ENGLISH (ELLOS HAN ESTUDIADO INGLES) [La contraccin THEY`VE corresponde a THEY HAVE]

HAVE TO = TENGO QUE, TENER QUE

I HAVE TO YOU HAVE TO HE HAS TO SHE HAS TO IT HAS TO WE HAVE TO THEY HAVE TO (AI JAF TU) (IU JAF TU) (JI JAS TU) (SHI JAS TU) (IT JAS TU) (UI JAF TU) (DEI JAF TU) YO TENGO QUE TU TIENES QUE EL TIENE QUE ELLA TIENE QUE ESO TIENE QUE NOSOTROS TENEMOS QUE ELLOS TIENEN QUE

HAVE TO (jaf tu) = GOTTO (gara)

I HAVE TO GO (TENGO QUE IRME) SHE HAS TO GO (ELLA TIENE QUE IRSE) YOU HAVE TO GO = YOU GOTTO GO

- YOU HAVE TO GO (TIENES QUE IRTE) - YOU GOTTO GO HOME (TIENES QUE IRTE A CASA)

FAREWELLS (feruels) = DESPEDIDAS

- GOOD NIGHT (gd nit) = Buenas Noches - SO LONG (=) = Adis - SEE YOU LATER (Si iu leirer) = Nos vemos ms tarde - SEE YOU (Si iu) = Nos vemos - SEE YOU TOMORROW (Si iu tumorrow) =Nos vemos maana - BYE (Bai) = Chao - GOOD BYE (Gd bai) = Chao, Adis - HAVE A GOOD TIME (Jafe gud tain) = Que te diviertas ! - TAKE CARE (Teiker) = Cudate - TAKE IT EASY (Teikirisi) = Tmalo con calma

INTRODUCING PEOPLE (introdiusin ppol) [PRESENTANDO GENTE]

- NICE TO MEET YOU ( nais tu mitiu) (ENCANTADO EN CONOCERTE) - NICE TO MEET YOU TOO ( nice tu mitiu tu) (ENCANTADO EN CONOCERTE TAMBIN) - GLAD TO MEET YOU ( glad tu mitiu) ( ENCANTADO EN CONOCERTE ) - PLEASED TO MEET YOU ( plis tu mitiu) (COMPLACIDO EN CONOCERTE) - IT`S A PLEASURE TO MEET YOU ( its e pleshur tu mitiu) (ES UN PLACER CONOCERLO) - LET ME INTRODUCE YOU MY FRIEND (PERMITAME PRESENTARLE A MI AMIGO) - I WANT YOU TO MEET FREDY(ai uant iu tu mit fredy) (QUIERO QUE CONOZCAS A FREDY) - I WANT YOU TO STAY (QUIERO QUE TE QUEDES)

DAYS OF THE WEEK (DIAS DE LA SEMANA)

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY (MNDEI) (TISDEI) (UNSDEI) (ZRSDEI) (FRIDEI) (STURDEI) (SNDEI) LUNES MARTES MIERCOLES JUEVES VIERNES SABADO DOMINGO

- WHAT DAY IS TODAY? (uat dei is tudei) (QU DIA ES HOY?) SATURDAY (OR) / IT`S SATURDAY (SI ES SABADO Y ASI CON CADA DIA)

- WHAT DAY WAS YESTERDAY? (aut dei uas iesterdei) (QU DIA FU AYER?) WAS FRIDAY (OR) / IT WAS FRIDAY - WHAT DAY WILL BE TOMORROW ( uat dei uil bi tu morrow) (QU DA SER MAANA) SUNDAY (OR) / TOMORROW WILL BE SUNDAY En los das se usa ON (On Tuesday) y en los meses se usa IN (IN october)

MONTHS OF THE YEAR (MESES DEL AO)

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER (YNORI) (FBORI) (MARCH) (EIPROL) (MEI) (YUN) (YULAI) (GOST) (SEPTMBER) (OCTBER) (NOVMBER) (DISMBER) ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL MAYO JUNIO JULIO AGOSTO SEPTIEMBRE OCTUBRE NOVIEMBRE DICIEMBRE

- IN WHAT MONTH WERE YOU BORN? (EN QU MES NACISTE?) I WAS BORN IN APRIL ( ai uas born in eiprol) (YO NAC EN ABRIL) - WHERE WERE YOU BORN? (ur uer iu born) (DNDE NACISTE?) I WAS BORN IN BARINAS (ai uas born in barinas) (YO NAC EN BARINAS)

WHERE = DNDE
- WHERE WERE YOU BORN? (ur uer iu born) (DNDE NACISTE?) - WHERE ARE YOU FROM? (DE DNDE ERES?) I AM FROM BARINAS

ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY

(AI) (IU) (JI) (SHI) (IT) (UI) (DEI)

MY (MI, MIS) YOUR (TU, TUS) HIS (SU, SUS DE EL) HER (SU, SUS DE ELLA) ITS (SU, SUS DE ESO, ANIMAL O COSA) OUR (NUESTRO, A) THEIR (SU, SUS DE ELLOS)

(MAI) (IUR) (JIS) (JER) (ITS) (AUR) (DEIR)

- THE DOG AND ITS FOOD (EL PERRO Y SU COMIDA) - THE TREE AND ITS FRUITS (EL ARBOL Y SUS FRUTOS) - VENEZUELA AND ITS PEOPLE (VENEZUELA Y SU GENTE)

- THE CHILDREN PLAY WITH THEIR BALL (LOS NIOS JUEGAN CON SU PELOTA)

LA REGLA DE LA (`S) POSESIVO SAJN

- THE CAR OF PIERO = PIERO`S CAR - THE PHONE OF DOUGLAS = DOUGLAS`S PHONE - THE SHOES OF CARLOS = CARLOS`S SHOES - THE PURSE OF YERIS IS BROWN = YERIS`S PURSE IS BROWN - THE BALL OF THE BOY = THE BOY`S BALL (SINGULAR) - THE BALL OF THE BOYS = THE BOYS` BALL (PLURAL) (EL APSTROFE QUEDA AFUERA PARA INDICAR QUE ES PLURAL) - THE BOOK OF THE STUDENT = THE STUDENT`S BOOK (SINGULAR) - THE BOOKS OF THE STUDENTS = THE STUDENTS` BOOKS (PLURAL)

OTHER ANOTHER EACH OTHER ONE ANOTHER

OTHER (ODER) = OTRO (CUANDO HAY DOS) ANOTHER (ANDER) = OTRO (CUANDO HAY MAS DE DOS O ES ALGO IRREAL) EACH OTHER (ICHODER) MUTUAMENTE, UNO AL OTRO ONE ANOTHER (OAN ANODER) = UNOS A LOS OTROS - ANOTHER WORLD (OTRO MUNDO) - I SPEAK ENGLISH WITH YOU EACH OTHER - WE SPEAK ENGLISH TO EACH OTHER (DOS) - WE SPEAK ENGLISH TO ONE ANOTHER (VARIOS) - MY WIFE AND I LOVE EACH OTHER (DOS) [MI ESPOSA Y YO NOS AMAMOS MUTUAMENTE] - MY FAMILY LOVES ONE ANOTHER ( VARIOS) [MI FAMILIA SE AMAN UNOS A LOS OTROS]

NUMBERS (NMEROS)

1 2 3 4 5 6

ONE (OAN) TWO (TU) THREE (ZRI) FOUR (FOR) FIVE (FAIF) SIX (SIX)

1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6

ELEVEN (ILVEN) TWELVE (TULF) THIRTEEN (ZRTIN) FOURTEEN (FRTIN) FIFTEEN (FIFTEEN) SIXTEEN (SIXTIN)

30 40 50 60 70 80

THIRTY (ZRTI) FORTY (FORTI O FORI) FIFTY (FIFTI) SIXTY (SIXTI) SEVENTY (SEVENTI) EIGHTY (EITI)

7 8 9 10

SEVEN (SVEN) EIGHT (EIT) NINE (NIN) TEN (TEN)

1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0

SEVENTEEN (SEVENTIN) EIGHTEEN (EITIN) NINE TEEN (NAITIN) TWENTY (TUENTI O TUENI)

90 10 0 20 0 30 0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

NINETY (NAITI) ONE HUNDRED (OAN JANDRED) TWO HUNDRED (TU JANDRED) THREE HUNDRED (ZRI JANDRED)
FOUR HUNDRED (FOR JANDRED) FIVE HUNDRED (FAIF JANDRED) SIX HUNDRED (SIX JANDRED) SEVEN HUNDRED (SEVEN JANDRED) EIGHT HUNDRED (EIT JANDRED) NINE HUNDRED (NAIN JANDRED) ONE THOUSAND (OAN DAUSAN)

I AM THIRTY (ai am zerti) (YO TENGO 30) / I am thirsty (ai am zrsti) (yo tengo sed) 1000 = ONE THOUSAND (oan dusan) 783 = SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY THREE 1978 = ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT SI ES FECHA SE LEE EN DOS (2) PARTES: I WAS BORN IN NINETEEN SEVENTY ONE (Yo nac en 1971 [19-71]) 100.000 = ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND 1.000.000 = ONE MILLION HOW OLD ARE YOU? (jao ol ar iu) (QUE EDAD TIENES?) I am 33 WHAT`S YOUR AGE? (uats iur eich) (Cul es tu edad?)

PALABRA

PRONUNCIACION

SIGNIFICADO

PALABRA

PRONUNCIACION

SIGNIFICADO

HEAD HAIR EAR NOSE EYE MOUTH LIPS TOOTH TEETH MOUSTACHE NECK THROAT SHOULDER ARM ELBOW HAND FINGERS

jd jier ar nus i muz lps tz tz mustach nck zrut shoulder rm lbou jn

cabeza pelo, cabello odo, oreja narz ojo boca labios diente dientes bigote cuello garganta hombro brazo codo mano
dedos de la mano

WAIST BUTTOCKS ASS VAGINA KIDNEY PUSSY PENIS DICK LEG KNEE FOOT FEET TOES HEART LUNGS LIVER VEINS

uist btoks ass veyaina kdni psi pnis dick lg n ft ft tus jrt lngs lver

cintura nalgas culo vagina rin cuca pene guevo pierna rodilla pi pies
dedos de los pies

corazn pulmones hgado venas carne humana lengua encas columna espalda mierda caderas muslo

fnguers LITTLE FINGER lrel finguer rn finguer RING FINGER MIDDLE FINGER mdel finguer ndex finguer INDEX FINGER zmb THUMB chst CHEST brst BREAST tt TEAT npol NIPPLE rmpit ARMPIT nil NAIL stmak STOMACH BELLY BUTTON bliboton

dedo meique dedo anular dedo medio dedo ndice dedo pulgar pecho seno teta pezn axila ua estmago ombligo

vins flsh FLESH tong TONGUE gms GUMS BACKBONE bakbon bk BACK sht SHIT jps HIPS zi THIGH

PRESENTE PERFECTO
Es un tiempo en el que hicimos algo en el pasado pero que en el presente lo haga HAS = HA I HAVE (ai jaf) YOU HAVE (iu jaf) HE HAS (ji jas) SHE HAS (shi jas) IT HAS (it jas) WE HAVE (ui jaf) THEY HAVE (dei jaf) SE CONTRAE I`ve (aif) You`ve (iuf) He`s (jis) She`s (shis) It`s (its) We`ve (uif) They`ve (deif) SIGNIFICADO YO HE TU HAS EL HA ELLA HA ESO HA NOSOTROS HEMOS ELLOS HAN

SINTAXIS DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO: SUJETO + HAVE + VERBO PARTICIPIO PASADO + COMPLEMENTO HAS PARA HACER FORMALES LAS PREGUNTAS SE COLOCA PRIMERO EL HAVE O HAS Y LUEGO EL SUJETO - HAVE YOU GONE TO THE MOVIES? (HAS TU IDO AL CINE?) - YERIS HAS COME TO CLASS (YERIS HA VENIDO A CLASE) SE PUEDE USAR DID COMO MULETILLA Y VERBO EN PRESENTE PARA CUANDO NO SABEMOS EL PASADO DE UN VERBO: I OPEN THE DOOR (YO ABRO LA PUERTA) (PRESENTE) I OPENED THE DOOR (YO ABRI LA PUERTA) (PASADO) I DID OPEN THE DOOR (YO ABRI LA PUERTA) (PASADO) I HAVE OPENED THE DOOR (YO HE ABIERTO LA PUERTA)

TO BE
PRESENTE AM IS ARE PASADO WAS WERE PARTCIPIO PASADO BEEN (SIDO O ESTADO)

- I HAVE BEEN IN CARACAS (YO HE ESTADO EN CARACAS) - I HAVE BEEN A GOOD BOY (YO HE SIDO UN BUEN MUCHACHO)

- HAVE YOU GONE TO THE MOVIES? (HAS TU IDO AL CINE?) - SHE HAS TALKED TO YOU? (ELLA HA HABLADO CONTIGO?) - I SPEAK TO YOU (YO HABLO CONTIGO) - I HAVE SPOKEN TO YOU (YO HE HABLADO CONTIGO) - WE HAVE PLAYED FOOTBALL (NOSOTROS HEMOS JUGADO FUTBOL) - I ENJOY THE LIFE (YO DISFRUTO LA VIDA) (PRESENTE) - I ENJOYED THE LIFE (YO DISFRUT LA VIDA) (PASADO) - I HAVE ENJOYED THE LIFE (YO HE DISFRUTADO LA VIDA) (PARTICIPIO PASADO)

PASADO DE TO BE

PRESENTE I AM YOU ARE HE IS SHE IS IT IS WE ARE THEY ARE

PASADO I WAS (ai us) YOU WERE (iu uer) HE WAS (ji us) SHE WAS (shi us) IT WAS (it us) WE WERE (ui ur) THEY WERE (dei ur)

SIGNIFICADO YO ERA O ESTABA TU ERAS O ESTABAS EL ERA O ESTABA ELLA ERA O ESTABA ESO ERA O ESTABA NOSOTROS ERAMOS O ESTABAMOS ELLOS ERAN O ESTABAN

GOIN TO = IR A ===> GOING TO = GONNA - I AM GOING TO EAT (VOY A COMER) I AM GONNA EAT - I WAS GOING TO TRAVEL TO CANAD ( YO IBA A VIAJAR A CANAD) - WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO? (QUE VAS A HACER?) - WHAT ARE YOU GONNA DO (QUE VAS A HACER?) -YOU ARE GOING TO STUDY MEDICINE? = YOU WILL STUDY MEDICINE? - WHAT WERE YOU GOING TO DO? (QUE IVAS A HACER?) - WILL YOU PREPARE FISH? (PREPARARS PESCADO?)
- GONNA WORK TOMORROW? ARE YOU GOING TO WORK TOMORROW (VAS A TRABAJAR MAANA)

- I AM GONNA STUDY MEDICINE I AM GOING TO STUDY MEDICINE

MUCH (moch) MANY (mni)

MUCH (moch) = MUCHO, A (NO CONTABLE) - THERE IS MUCH WATER IN THE RIVER (HAY MUCHA AGUA EN EL RO) - THERE IS MUCH MONEY IN THE BANK (HAY MUCHO DINERO EN EL BANCO) MANY (mni) = MUCHOS, MUCHAS (CONTABLES) - THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE IN CLASS (HAY MUCHA GENTE EN CLASE)

COLORS (COLORES)
BLACK (=) WHITE (uait) GREEN (grin) BLUE (blu) NEGRO BLANCO VERDE AZUL

BROWN (brun) YELLOW (ilou) PINK (=) PURPLE (prpol) RED (rd) REDWINE (reduain) ORANGE (ornch)

MARRON AMARILLO ROSADO PURPURA, MORADO ROJO VINO TINTO NARANJADO

Para referirse a un color oscuro (por ejemplo azl oscuro), se le antepone dark - DARK BLUE (AZUL OSCURO) - DARK GREEN (VERDE OSCURO)

THERE IS THERE ARE THERE WAS THERE WERE

THERE IS = HAY (SINGULAR) - THERE IS A TEACHER IN THE CLASSROOM (HAY UN PROFESOR EN EL SALON) THERE ARE = HAY (PLURAL) - THERE ARE THREE STUDENTS HERE (HAY TRES ESTUDIANTES AQUI) THERE WAS = HABA (SINGULAR) - THERE WAS A DOG IN MY HOUSE (HABA UN PERRO EN MI CASA) - THERE WAS UPON A TIME (ERASE UNA VEZ) THERE WERE = HABIA (PLURAL) - THERE WERE 7 PEOPLE HERE YESTERDAY (HABIAN 7 PERSONAS AQUI AYER) PARA HACER FORMAL UNA PREGUNTA SE COLOCA PRIMERO IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, Y LUEGO THERE, SEGN SEA EL CASO.

THE TIME (de tim) LA HORA

WHAT`S THE TIME (uats de taim) (QU HORA ES?) WHAT TIME IS IT (uataimisit) (QU HORA ES?) 11:00 = IT`S ELEVEN O`CLOCK IT`S ELEVEN SHARP 06:50 = SIX FIFTY TEN TO SEVEN 02:30 = TWO THIRTY HALF PAST TWO AT WHAT TIME DO YOU HAVE BREAKFAST? TAKE LUNCH? (lnch) EAT DINNER? (diner)

SE USA O`CLOCK CUANDO LA HORA ES EN PUNTO

FOR TO
FOR = PARA (CUANDO SE USA FOR EN UNA ORACIN EL VERBO SE COLOCA EN GERUNDIO) TO = PARA (CUANDO SE USA TO EL VERBO SE COLOCA SIN GERUNDIO)

WANT TO = WANNA (QUERER)

- I WANT TO GO HOME I WANNA GO HOME (YO QUIERO IR A CASA) - I WANT TO HOLD YOUR HAND I WANNA HOLD YOUR HAND (YO QUIERO SOSTENER TU MANO)

GERUNDIO (ING) AL INICIO DE UNA ORACIN

CUANDO SE COLOCA UN VERBO AL INICIO DE UNA ORACIN O DESPUS DE UN PUNTO, EL VERBO SE PUEDE COLOCAR EN GERUNDIO PERO SU SIGNIFICADO ES EN INFINITIVO (AR, ER, IR, ETC.)

- SPEAKING ENGLISH IS EASY (HABLAR INGLS ES FCIL) - TO SPEAK ENGLISH IS EASY (HABLAR INGLS ES FCIL) - EATING IS A HABIT (COMER ES UN HBITO) - TO EAT IS A HABIT (COMER ES UN HBITO)

WHOSE (js) = DE QUIN, Cuyo,a,os,as

- WHOSE BOOK IS THIS? (DE QUIN ES ESE LIBRO?) 1 4 2 3 IT`S FREDY`S BOOK IT`S FREDY`S IT BELONGS TO FREDY IT`S HIS BOOK THIS BOOK IS OF FREDY IT BELONGS TO HIM - WHOSE CAR IS THAT? (DE QUIN ES ESE CARRO?) 1 4 2 3 WHOSE al comienzo de una oracin significa D Quien?. WHOSE en el centro de una oracin significa Cuyo,a,os,as - That Girl WHOSE name you said is my cousin (Esa chica cuyo nombre tu dijiste es mi prima) - That dictionary WHOSE color is black belongs to me (Ese diccionario cuyo color es negro me pertenece)

IT BELONGS TO = PERTENECE A
BELONG (biln) = PERTENECER BELONGS (bilns) = PERTENECE - WHOSE PENCIL IS THIS? (DE QUIN ES ESE LPIZ?) - IT`S PIERO`S IT`S PIERO`S PENCIL ITS HIS PENCIL IT BELONGS TO HIM THIS (dis) = ESTO, ESTA, ESTE (SINGULAR) ===> THIS IS A BOY THAT (dat) = ESO, ESA, AQUELLO, A THESE (dis) = ESTOS, ESTAS (PLURAL) ===> THESE ARE DOCUMENTS THOSE (dus) = ESOS, ESAS

SHOULD (shd) = DEBERA (Consejo, sugerencia, necesidad)

TRADUCCIN
I SHOULD YOU SHOULD HE SHOULD SHE SHOULD IT SHOULD WE SHOULD THEY SHOULD YO DEBERA TU DEBERAS EL DEBERA ELLA DEBERA ESO DEBERA NOSOTROS DEBERAMOS ELLOS DEBERAN

SE CONTRAE I`d (aid) You`d (iud) Hed (jid) She`d (Shid) It`d (ited) We`d (uid) They`d (deid)

( = PARA WOULD)
I WOULD YOU WOULD HE WOULD SHE WOULD IT WOULD WE WOULD THEY WOULD

I`d (aid) You`d (iud) Hed (jid) She`d (Shid) It`d (ited) We`d (uid) They`d (deid)

MUST (most) = DEBER (de obligacin)

- YOU SHOULD GO TO THE DENTIST (TU DEBERAS IR AL DENTISTA)
- I MUST GO TO THE DENTIST (YO DEBO IR AL DENTISTA)

ANY SOME NO
ANY (eni) = ALGN, ALGNOS (AS) [PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR] SOME (som) = ALGN, ALGUNOS (AS) [PARA AFIRMAR] NO (n) = NINGUN, O , A - DO YOU HAVE ANY MONEY? YES I HAVE SOME MONEY (AFIRMATIVO) I DON`T HAVE ANY MONEY (NEGACION) I HAVE NO MONEY (NEGACIN)

WOULD (d) = RA

TODO VERBO QUE SE LE ANTEPONE WOULD, SU TERMINACIN ES RA

- I WOULD GO TO CARACAS (YO IRA A CARACAS) - I SHOULD GO TO CARACAS (YO DEBERA IR A CARACAS) - I WOULD STUDY (YO ESTUDIARA) - I SHOULD STUDY (YO DEBERA ESTUDIAR) - WHERE WOULD YOU GO THIS WEEKEND? (DNDE IRAS TU EL FIN DE SEMANA?) I`d STAY IN HOME I WOULD STAY IN HOME - WHERE SHOULD YOU CALL IN CASE OF EMERGENCY? (DNDE DEBERAS TU LLAMAR EN CASO DE EMERGENCIA?) I`d CALL 911

TO SAY TO TELL = DECIR

TO SAY = DECIR TO TELL = DECIR TO SPEAK = HABLAR TO TALK = CONVERSAR SAY SAID - SAID = DECIR /// (sei) (sd) (sd) TELL - TOLD - TOLD = DECIR (tell) (told) (told)

SPEAK - SPOKE - SPOKEN = HABLAR (spik) (spouk) (spoken) I SPOKE TO THE MANAGER (YO HABL CON EL DIRECTOR) WITH I WANNA SPEAK TO YOU (QUIERO HABLAR CONTIGO)

CUANDO SE USA SAY SE LE AGREGA TO I SAY TO YOU SAY TO ME

CUANDO SE USA TELL NO SE COLOCA TO I TELL YOU TELL ME

ANYBODY SOMEBODY NOBODY = ANYONE SOMEONE NOONE

ANYBODY (enibadi) = ALGUIEN (PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR)

SOMEBODY (sombadi) = ALGUIEN (PARA AFIRMAR) NOBODY (nobadi) = NADIE DO YOU KNOW ANYBODY IN JAPAN? (CONOCES A ALGUIEN EN JAPN?) YES I KNOW SOMEBODY IN JAPAN NO I DON`T KNOW ANYBODY IN JAPAN I KNOW NOBODY THERE

ANYBODY = ANYONE SOME BODY = SOMEONE NOBODY = NOONE

JUST (yst) = SIMPLEMENTE, SOLO

- JUST DO IT (SIMPLEMENTE HAZLO) - I JUST WANNA STUDY (YO SIMPLEMENTE QUIERO ESTUDIAR) - SHE JUST SPEAKS ENGLISH (ELLA SOLO HABLA INGLES) - I JUST WANT TO BE ALONE (SOLO QUIERO ESTAR SOLO) ALONE (aln) = SOLO LONELY (lnli) = SOLITARIO LONELINESS (lnlines) = SOLEDAD

HAVE JUST (jaf yst) HAS JUST (has yst) = ACABAR DE

- I HAVE JUST FINISHED MY WORK (ACABO DE TERMINAR MI TRABAJO) - I HAVE JUST WRITTEN A LETTER (ACABO DE ESCRIBIR UNA CARTA) - I HAVE WRITTEN A LETTER (HE ESCRITO UNA CARTA) - HE HAS LEFT (EL SE HA MARCHADO) - HE HAS JUST LEFT (EL SE ACABA DE MARCHAR) - HE`S JUST LEFT ( EL SE ACABA DE MARCHAR) [CON CONTRACCION DE HE HAS] LEFT = MARCHARSE, IZQUIERDO

CUANDO SE USA JUST LOS VERBOS SE COLOCAN EN PARTICIPIO PASADO

PASADO PERFECTO

SE CONTRAE I HAD (ai jad) YOU HAD (iu jad) HE HAD (ji jad) SHE HAD (shi jad) IT HAD (it jad) WE HAD (ui jad) THEY HAD (dei jad) I`d You`d He`d She`d It`d We`d They`d

SIGNIFICADO YO HABA, TENA T HABAS, TENAS EL HABA, TENA ELLA HABA, TENA ESO HABA, TENA
NOSOTROS HABAMOS, TENAMOS

ELLOS HABAN, TENAN

PRESENTE HAVE, HAS

PASADO HAD (jad)

PARTICIPIO PASADO HAD (jad)

SIGNIFICADO TENER, HABER

Presente Perfecto - I HAVE BEGUN THE ENGLISH COURSE (YO HE COMENZADO EL CURSO DE INGLS) Pasado Perfecto - I HAD BEGUN THE ENGLISH COURSE (YO HABA COMENZADO EL CURSO DE INGLS) - SHE HAD TO WORK YESTERDAY (ELLA TUBO QUE TRABAJAR AYER) - SHE HAD WORKED IN THE FIRE DEPARTMENT (ELLA HABA TRABAJADO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOMBEROS) - SHE HAS JUST WORKED IN THE FIRE DEPARTMENT (ELLA ACABA DE TRABAJAR EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOMBEROS ) - SHE HAD JUST WORKED IN THE FIERE DEPARTMENT (ELLA ACAB DE TRABAJAR EN EL
DEPARTAMENTO DE BOMBEROS)

- I HAVE SAID THIS MANY TIMES (YO HE DICHO ESTO MUCHAS VECES) - I HAVE JUST SAID THIS MANY TIMES (YO ACABO DE DECIR ESTO MUCHAS VECES) - I HAD JUST SAID THAT / I HAS JUST SAID IT (YO ACAB DE DECIR ESO / YO ACABO DE DECIRLO)

PRESENTE SAY (sei)

PASADO SAID (sd)

PARTICIPIO PASADO SAID (sd)

SIGNIFICADO DECIR

ORACIONES EN SUS DIFERENTES TIEMPOS

EJEMPLO 1: Presente Simple: (Verbo en presente) - YOU LEARN ENGLISH VERY FAST (T aprendes ingles muy rpido) Presente Progresivo (ING) [Verbo To Be + Verbo en gerundio]: - YOU ARE LEARNING ENGLISH VERY FAST (T ests aprendiendo ingles muy rpido) Pasado Simple: (Verbo en pasado) - YOU LEARNED ENGLISH VERY FAST (T aprendiste ingles muy fcil) - YOU DID LEARN ENGLISH VERY FAST ( ) [Usando muletilla DID] Pasado Progresivo: (Verbo en presente progresivo [ing]) - YOU WERE LEARNING ENGLISH VERY FAST (T estabas aprendiendo ingles muy rpido) Presente Perfecto: (Verbo en participio pasado) - YOU HAVE LEARNED ENGLISH VERY FAST (T has aprendido ingles muy rpido) Presente Perfecto Progresivo: Verbo en presente progresivo [ing])
-YOU HAVE BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH VERY FAST (T has estado aprendiendo ingles muy rpido)

Pasado Perfecto: (Verbo en participio pasado) - YOU HAD LEARNED ENGLISH VERY FAST (T habas aprendido ingles muy rpido) Pasado Perfecto Progresivo: ( Verbo en presente progresivo [ing])
-YOU HAD BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH VERY FAST (T habas estado aprendiendo ingls muy rpido)

Presente Pluscuamperfecto: (Verbo en participio pasado)

- YOU WOULD HAVE LEARNED ENGLISH VERY FAST (T habras aprendido ingls muy rpido)

Presente Progresivo Pluscuamperfecto: (Verbo en presente progresivo [ing])

- YOU WOULD HAVE BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH VERY FAST (T habras estado aprendido ingls muy rpido)

EJEMPLO 2: Presente Simple: - SHE BEGINS TO WORK AT 8 AM (Ella comienza a trabajar a las 8am) Presente Progresivo (ING) [Verbo To Be + Verbo en gerundio]:

- SHE IS BEGINING TO WORK AT 8AM ( Ella est comenzando a trabajar a las 8am) Pasado Simple: - SHE BEGAN TO WORK AT 8AM ( Ella comenz a trabajar a las 8am) Pasado Progresivo: - SHE WAS BEGINING TO WORK AT 8 AM (Ella estaba comenzando a trabajar a las 8am) Presente Perfecto: - SHE HAS BEGUN TO WORK AT 8AM ( Ella ha comenzado a trabajar a las 8am) Presente Perfecto Progresivo: - SHE HAS BEEN BEGINING TO WORK AT 8AM (Ella ha estado comenzando a trabajar a las 8am) Pasado Perfecto: SHE HAD BEGUN TO WORK AT 8AM (Ella haba comenzado a trabajar a las 8) Pasado Perfecto Progresivo: - SHE HAD BEEN BEGINING TO WORK AT 8AM (Ella haba estado comenzando a trabajar a las 8am) Presente Pluscuamperfecto:
SHE WOULD HAS BEGUN TO WORK AT 8AM (Ella habra comenzado a trabajar a las 8am)

Presente Progresivo Pluscuamperfecto: SHE WOULD HAS BEEN BEGINING TO WORK AT 8AM (Ella habra estado comenzando a trabajar a las 8am)

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS
SIGNIFICADO I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY ME (mi) YOU (iu) HIM (jin) HER (jer) IT (it) US (s) THEM (dm) MI TE LE LE LE, LO NOS LES

- THIS ENGLISH COURSE IS GIVEN BY ME (ESTE CURSO DE INGLS ES DADO POR MI) - DO YOU LOVE ME? (ME AMAS?) - GIVE HIM MY GREETINGS (guivin mai gritins) [Dale a l mis saludos] - GIVE HER THESE FLOWERS (guifer dis flauers) [Dale a ella esas flores] - PUT IT ON THE TABLE (puriron de teibol) [Ponlo sobre la mesa] - PLEASE DOUGLAS CAN YOU GIVE US AN EXAMPLE? [Por favor Douglas puedes darnos un ejemplo?) - SHE SAID TO US THAT ENGLISH IS IMPORTANT (Ella nos dijo que el ingls es importante) - TELL THEM (tel dm) [Diles]

How much (jo moch) How many (jao meni) How much is it (jao mochisit) How much Does it cost? How much is it worth?

Cunto Cuntos Cunto cuesta Cunto cuesta? Cunto es el valor?

- DO YOU HAVE 1 MILLION I CAN BORROW? (Tienes 1 milln que pueda recibir prestado?) - HOW MUCH DID IT COST? (Cunto te cost?) =========================================================================== BOTH (buz) = Ambos

Both . And . = Tanto .. como

- IT`S IMPORTANT TO LEARN BOTH REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS (Es importante aprender tanto los verbos regulares como irregulares - BOTH PIERO AND FREDY ARE NOT THE TEACHER (Tanto Piero como Fredy no son el profesor) He lets her go (El la deja ir) He let her go (El la dej ir) Flirt (Flrt) = coquetear Clue (kl) = indicio - When a woman flirts you, it`s a good clue (cuando una mujer te coquetea es un buen indicio)

CAN (=) = Poder (habilidad fsica, mental [ CAN`T (kant, kent) ]

- I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH ( YO PUEDO HABLAR INGLS) - CAN YOU SPEAK ENGLISK? (SABE USTED HABLAR INGLS?) - SHE CAN SWIN IN THE POOL (ELLA PUEDE NADAR EN LA PISCINA)

COULD (kd) = Podra [ pasado de CAN ] [ COULDN`T]

- I COULDN`T STUDY LAST NIGHT (ai kdunt estadi las nit) [no pude (podra) estudiar anoche] - COULD YOU BRING ME THE NEWSPAPER? (kdiu bring mi de niuspeiper?) [puedes traerme el peridico?] - I TRIED TO CALL YOU YESTERDAY BUT I COULDN`T (ai traid tu coliu iesterdei bat ai kdunt) [trat de llamarte ayer pero no pude] CAN NOT = CAN`T (knt, knt) COULD NOT = COULDN`T (kdunt) MUST NOT = MUSTN`T (msent) COULD HAVE BEEN = (kudf bin) = Pudo haber sido

MAY (mei) = Poder (de posibilidad) / MIGHT (mit) = Podra (Pasado de MAY)
- IT MAY RAIN TONIGHT (PUEDE LLOVER ESTA NOCHE) - I MIGHT BUY A NEW CAR IF I GET MONEY (PODRA COMPRAR UN CARRO NUEVO SI OBTENGO DINERO)

MUST = (most) = Deber (de obligacin) [MUST NOT (Mustn`t) [msent] ]

- YOU TWO MUST FINISH THE ENGLISH COURSE (USTEDES DOS DEBEN TERMINAR EL CURSO DE INGLS) - SHE MUST HAVE BEEN IN THE PARTY (ELLA DEBE HABER ESTADO EN LA FIESTA) - I MUST HAVE DONE IT (ai mstaf donit) (DEBO HABERLO HECHO)

SHOULD (shd) = debera (sugerencia, necesidad)

- YOU SHOULD VISIT THE DOCTOR (TU DEBERAS VISITAR AL DOCTOR) - HE SHOULD TAKE HIS PILLS (EL DEBERIA TOMAR SUS PASTILLAS) - I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BETTER (ai shudf non berer) (DEBERA HABERLO SABIDO MEJOR) SHOULD HAVE (Shudf)

Cuando se usa CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, no se le coloca la S al final del verbo para indicar la tercera persona (son verbos modales)

CAN = TO BE ABLE TO (tu bi eibol tu) = Ser capz de

-I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH ( YO PUEDO HABLAR INGLS) - I AM ABLE TO SPEAK ENGLISH (SOY CAPZ DE HABLAR INGLS) - HE IS ABLE TO WALK ( EL ES CAPZ DE CAMINAR) - HE CAN WALK (EL PUEDE CAMINAR)

WILL BE ABLE TO (uil bi eibol tu) = Ser capz de, Podr

- I WILL BE ABLE TO SPEAK ENGLISH (SER CAPZ DE HABLAR INGLS) PARA INTERROGAR: - WILL YOU BE ABLE TO SPEAK ENGLISK? (SERS CAPZ DE HABLAR INGLS?)

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS:

PRONOMBRE I (ai) YOU (i) HE (j) SHE (sh) IT (it) OUR (uer) THEY (di)

MINE (min) YOURS (irs) HIS (js) HERS (jrs) ITS (its) OURS (uers) THEIRS (dirs)

SIGNIFICADO Mo,a ; mos,as Tuyo,a; Tuyos,as Suyo, Suyos (de l) Suyo, suyos (de ella) Suyo (de eso) De nosotros Suyo, os (de ellos)

BUT (bt / bat) = Pero, Si n

- THIS ISN`T A PENCIL BUT A MARKER (Este no es un lpiz si no un marcador) - THIS ISN`T A FRENCH CLASS BUT ENGLISH (Esta no es una clase de francs si no de ingls) - They are building a building (ellos estn construyendo un edificio)

ORACIONES VARIAS

- SHE HAD TO HAVE BEEN IN THE PARTY (Ella tubo que haber estado en la fiesta) - SHE SHOULD HAVE BEEN IN THE PARTY (Ella debera haber estado en la fiesta) - I HAVE TO GO TO CLASS ON MONDAY (Tengo que ir a clase el lunes) - I GOTTO GO TO CLASS ON MONDAY (Tengo que ir a clase el lunes) - I DID GO TO CLASS ON FRIDAY (Yo fu a clase el viernes) - I WENT TO CLASS ON FRIDAY (Yo fu a clase el viernes) - I HAVE JUST EATEN (Yo acabo de comer) - SHE WILL GO TO CLASS ON MONDAY (Ella ir a clase el lunes) - SHE WOULD GO TO CLASS ON MONDAY (Ella ira a clase el lunes) - I WORK IN AUTOLLANOS BARINAS (Yo trabajo en Autollanos Barinas) - SHE IS SLEEPING (Ella est durmiendo) - I AM NOT A DOCTOR / I`M NOT A DOCTOR / I AIN`T A DOCTOR (Yo no soy doctor) - THEY ARE SEEING TV (Ellos estn viendo Tv) - IS SHE COOKING? (Ella est cocinando?) - DOES SHE COOK? (Cocina ella?) - I HAVE HEADACHE (Me duele la cabeza, tengo dolor de cabeza) - I HAVE TO WORK TOMORROW / I GOTTO WORK TOMORROW (Tengo que trabajar maana) - LET ME INTRODUCE YOU MY FRIEND/ ALLOW ME TO INTRODUCE TO MY FRIEND (Permtame presentarle a mi amigo) - I HAD HAD A GUIRLFREND (Yo haba tenido una novia) - I ATE PABELLON TODAY / I DID EAT PABELLON TODAY (Yo com pabelln hoy) - I HAVE BEEN IN VALENCIA (Yo he estado en Valencia) - THEY HAVE PLAYED FOOTBALL / THEY HAVE PLAYED SOCCER (Ellos han jugado ftbol) - WE WERE AT THE PARCELA YESTERDAY / WE WERE YESTERDAY AT THE PARCELA (Nosostros estbamos en la parcela ayer / nosotros estbamos ayer en la parcela) - WE ARE GOING TO THE PARCELA TODAY / WE ARE GONNA THE PARCELA TODAY (Nosotros vamos a la parcela hoy) - I WAS A GOOD P. (Yo era un buen p.) - THERE ARE MANY THINGS ON THE TABLE (Hay muchas cosas sobre la mesa) - THERE IS NOT TEA IN THE KITCHEN / THERE`S NOT TEA IN THE KITCHEN (no hay t en la

cocina) - THERE WAS A PENCIL ON THE TABLE (Haba un lapiz sobre la meza) - THERE WERE TWO GLASSES IN THE COULDER (Haba dos vasos en la nevera) - I WANT TO EAT PIE / I WANNA EAT PIE (Yo quiero comer torta) - WHOSE PENCIL IS THIS? (D quien es ese lapis?) - THEY SHOULD GO TO THE DOCTOR / THEY SHOULD GO TO THE MEDICAL (ellos deberan ir al doctor / medico) - DO YOU HAVE ANY BOOKS? (Tienes algunos libros?) - I HAVE SOME BOOKS (Yo tengo algunos libros) - I WANNA ASK YOU A QUESTION (Quiero hacerte una pregunta) - I HAVE A QUESTION (Tengo una pregunta) - INSTEAD OF WRITE FAST I SAY DASH OFF (En vez de decir write fast yo digo dash off) - I JUST WANNA KNOW BETTER (Solo quiero conocerte mejor) - NEVER LET IT REST UNTIL YOUR GOOD IS BETTER AND YOUR BETTER BEST (nunca lo dejes descansar hasta que tu bueno est mejor y tu mejor est lo mximo) - HAS IT HAPPENED TO YOU BEFORE? (Te ha sucedido antes?) -WHAT WOULD YOU DO? (Qu haras?) - THANKS GOD I`VE NEVER BEEN IN THAT SITUATION (Gracias a Dios yo nunca he estado en esa situacin) - I WILL WAIT FOR YOU UNTIL 10 SHARP ( esperar por usted hasta las 10 en punto) - I NEED TALK TO HIM IN PRIVATE (necesito hablar con l en privado) - AT WHAT TIME DO YOU GET UP? ( at uatim du yu gerp) [A qu hora te levantas]

EVER = Alguna Vez

Cuando EVER est en Presente Perfecto, significa Alguna Vez cuando la frase es interrogativa.

- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN US? (Has tu alguna vez ido a US?) - HAVE YOU EVER SPOKEN WITH AN AMERICAN? (Has tu alguna vez hablado con un Americano? - HAS SHE EVER WORKED IN A OFFICE? (Ha ella alguna vez trabajado en una oficina?) - I FEEL MY HEART BEATING (Yo siento mi corazn latiendo) - I FEEL GOD EVERYTIME MY HEART BEATS (Siento a Dios cada vez que mi corazn late) - HAVE YOU EVER SPOKEN TO THE PRESIDENT? ((has tu alguna vez hablado con el Presidente?) - I HAVE SPOKEN TO HIM A COUPLE OF TIMES (Yo he hablado con l un par de veces) - I HAVE NEVER SPOKEN TO HIM (Yo nunca he hablado con l) - I HAD NEVER HAD A CAR (Yo nunca haba tenido un carro) - I HAVE NEVER HAD A CAR (Yo nunca he tenido un carro) - I WISH I COULD AFFORD (ai uish ai cudford) [ojal pudiera darme el lujo) - I WISH YOU SPEAK VERY MUCH ((ojal hables muchsimo) - I WISH YOU GET BETTER (ojal te mejores) - HAS HE STUDIED ENGLISH BEFORE? (El ha estudiado ingls antes?) - HAS HE EVER STUDIED ENGLISH? (El ha alguna vez estudiado ingls) - HAVE YOU EVER READ EL NACIONAL (tu has leido alguna vez el nacional - YES, I HAVE READ IT (S, yo lo he leido) - NO, I HAVE NEVER READ IT (No, nunca lo he leido) - HAVE YOU JUST TAKEN A SHOWER? ( Acabas de tomar una ducha?) - HAVE YOU EVER TAKEN A SHOWER? (has tomado alguna vez una ducha? / alguna vez has tomado una ducha?) - I HAVE WISHED TO TRAVEL TO US ( Yo he deseado viajar a US)

- HAVE YOU EVER BEGUN AN ITALIAN COURSE? (alguna vez has iniciado un curso de italiano?) - ONCE, I DID IT (Una vez lo hice) - HAVE YOU GOT WIFE? (Tienes esposa?) - HAS SHE GOT A HOUSE? (Ella tiene una casa?) [informal] - DOES SHE HAVE A HOUSE? (Tiene ella una casa?) [formal] - I AM HUNGRY (ai am jngri) [Estoy Hambriento] - THEY ARE HUNGRY (dei ar jngri) [Ellos estn hambrientos] - I WAS HUNGRY (ai us jngri) [Yo tena hambre] - I HAVE A MARKET (ai jf a mrket) [Yo tengo un marcador] - I HAD A MARKET (ai jd a mrket) [Yo tuve un marcador] - I HAVE TO TRAVEL (Tengo que viajar) - I GOTTO READ (ai gara rid) [Tengo que leer] - I HAD TO TRAVEL YESTERDAY (ai jad tu travel iesterdei) [Tuve que viajar ayer] Pres. Lie (li) Pasado Lied (lied) part. Pas. Lied (lied) Part. Pas. Torn (trn) significado Mentir Significado Romper

Pres. Pasado Tear (tr) Tore (tr)

- SHE TEARS A CUP (shi trs e cop) [Ella rompe una taza] - HER TEARS ARE ABUNDANT (jr trs ar abundant) [sus lgrimas son abundantes] - LAWYER ARE LIERS (lier ar liers) [los abogados son mentirosos]

I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BETTER (YO DEB HABERLO SABIDO MEJOR)

CORO I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BETTER TO LIE TO ONE AS BEATIFUL AS YOU I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BETTER TO TAKE A CHANCE ON EVER LOSING YOU BUT I THOUGHT YOU`D UNDERSTAND CAN YOU FORGIVE ME? AH I I SAW YOU WALKING BY THE OTHER DAY I KNOW YOU SAW ME YOU TURNED AWAY
AND I WAS LOST, IT`S ME I`VE NEVER LOVED NO ONE AS MUCH AS YOU, I FOOLED AROUND AND TELL ME

CORO Yo deb haberlo sabido mejor Al mentir a alguien tan hermosa como tu Yo deb haberlo sabido mejor Al tomar la oportunidad de perderte por siempre Pero pens que lo entenderas Me puedes perdonar? Ah. I Te vi pasando el otro da Yo s que tu me viste y volteaste
Y yo estaba perdido, soy yo, nunca he amado a nadie Tanto como a ti, yo perd el tiempo y dime Ahora que es cierto. Slo eres tu

NOW IT`S TRUE. IT`S ONLY YOU

II
IT`S TRUE I THINK I MUST`VE WEPT IT ALL ALONG I`M TRYING TO EXPLAIN WHERE I WENT WRONG

II
Es cierto, yo pienso que debo haber llorado desde el principio

I JUST DONT KNOWN

I CRIED BUT TEARS DON`T SEEM TO HELP ME CARRY ON AND NOW THERE IS NO CHANCE YOU`LL COME BACK HOME

Estoy tratando de explicar dnde me equivoqu Simplemente no s

Yo llor pero las lgrimas no parecen ayudarme a continuar Y ahora no hay oportunidad de que regreses a casa

Tienes demasiado orgullo

GOT TOO MUCH PRIDE

PRESENTE SPEND

PASADO SPENT

PART. PASADO SPENT

SIGNIFICADO GASTAR, PASAR

- HOW DID YOU SPEND LAST WEEKEND? (cmo pasaste el pasado fin de semana?) - YOU`RE FIRED (Ests despedido) - YOU`RE HIRED (Ests contratado) - SHE WANTS TO MARRY ME (Ella quiere casarse conmigo) - SHE WANTS TO GET MARRIED WITH ME (Ella quiere casarse conmigo) - MY WIFE AND ME/I GOT MARRIED WITH EACH OTHER (Mi esposa y yo nos casamos) - WE GOT MARRIED LAST YEAR (Nos casamos el ao pasado) - THEY GET MARRIED NEXT WEEKEND (Ellos se casan el prximo fin de semana) - HOW LONG IS THE TABLE (Qu tan larga es la mesa?) IT`S A METER LONG (Es un metro de larga) - HOW LONG AGO SINCE YOU GRADUATED? (Hace cunto tiempo desde que te graduaste?) - HOW LONG AGO SINCE YOU QUITTED WORKING? (Cunto tiempo hace desde que dejaste de trabajar?)

LIKE y LOVE se puede usar con verbos en presente anteponiendo TO y en gerundio (ing) sin TO, significando lo mismo - I LIKE TO PLAY TENNIS (Me gusta jugar tenis) - I LIKE PLAYING TENNIS (Me gusta jugar tennis) - I LOVE TO EAT CHOCOLATE (Me encanta comer chocolate) - I VOVE EATING CHOCOLATE (Me encanta comer chocolate) - I DID IT THE BEST I COULD (Lo hice lo mejor que pude) - IT`S COMING (Se est viniendo)

AS . AS = TAN COMO (COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD)

- FREDY IS AS TALL AS PIERO (Fredy es tan alto como Piero) - THIS HOUSE IS AS BEATIFUL AS THAT ONE (Esta casa es tan Hermosa como aquella)

SUPERIORITY COMPARATIVES (COMPARATIVOS DE SUPERIORIDAD)

COMPARATIVOS CON ADJETIVOS DE UNA SOLA SLABA TALL = ALTO

TALLER = MS ALTO THE TALLEST = EL MS ALTO - PIERO IS TALLER THAN FREDY (Piero es ms alto que Fredy) - MRIDA IS MORE BEATIFUL THAN BARINAS (Mrida es ms Hermosa que Barinas)

- THIS HOUSE IS AS HIGH AS THAT ONE (Esta casa es tan alta como aquella) Comparativo de igualdad
- THIS HOUSE IS HIGHER THAN THAT ONE (Esta casa es ms alta que esa) Comparativo de superioridad

- A building is the Highest structure (Un edificio es la estructura ms alta) - The red table is small than that one (la mesa roja es mas pequea que aquella) - That table is longer that this one (Esa mesa es ms larga que esta) En los adjetivos cortos se agrega ER para convertirlos en comparativos de superioridad; si termina en E se le agrega solo R. Cuando se le agrega EST a un adjetivo, se convierte en el ms grande, lo mximo; si termina en E se le agrega solo ST - THE BLUE TABLE IS THE LONGEST OF ALL (La mesa azl es la ms larga de todas) - VENEZUELA IS AS LARGE AS COLOMBIA (Venezuela es tan grande como Colombia) - VENEZUELA IS LARGER THAN COLOMBIA (Venezuela es ms grande que Colombia) - U.S. IS THE LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE CONTINENT (U.S. es el ms grande pais en el continente) - ENGLISH IS AS IMPORTANT AS SPANISH (Ingls es tan importante como espaol) - ENGLISH IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN SPANISH (Ingls es ms importante que espaol) - ENGLISH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT LENGUAGE (Ingls es el idioma ms importante) - MARY IS AS GLAD AS SUSAN (Mary est tan contenta como Susan) - MARY IS GLADER THAN SUSAN (Mary est ms contenta que Susan) - MARY IS GLADEST (Mary es la ms contenta) - TOM IS A GOOD TENNIS PLAYER (Tom es un buen jugador de tennis) - TOM IS AS GOOD AS ROBERT (Tom es tan bueno como Robert) - TOM IS BETTER THAN ROBERT (Tom es mejor que Robert) - TOM IS THE BEST TENNIS PLAYER (Tom es el mejor jugador de Tennis) - A DOG IS A GOOD FRIEND (Un perro es un buen amigo) - A DOG IS BETTER THAN A CAT (Un perro es mejor que un gato) - A DOG IS THE BEST FRIEND (Un perro es el mejor amigo) - The dog is the man`s best friend (el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre) - Who is your best friend? (Quin es tu mejor amigo?) - LOS MANGOS PARK IS CLOSE (parque los mangos est cerca de aqu) - LOS MANGOS PARK IS CLOSER THAN LA FEDERACION (parque los mangos est ms cerca que la federacin) - LOS MANGOS PARK IS THE CLOSEST PARK (Parque los mangos es el parque ms cerca)

- They will pick me up ( Ellos me pasarn buscando) - A what time will you pick me up? ( A qu hora me pasars buscando?) - So that you will understand (Para que ustedes entiendan) - I am in love with you (Estoy enamorado de ti)

- I dreamed of you lasnight (ai drm ofiu last nit) [So contigo anoche] - I had a dream about you (tuve un sueo acerca de ti)

FALSE COGNATES (fls cognits) [FALSOS COGNADOS]

Cognados: Palabras de escritura igual o similar con el mismo significado. Ej.: DOCTOR, PERSON, HUMAN, HOSPITAL Falsos Cognados: Palabras con escritura igual o similar al espaol pero con significado diferente - Realize (rilis) = Darse cuenta - Large (lrs) = Grande (en extensin) - Floor (Flo-or) = Piso - Sentence (sntems) = Oracin - Brave (brif) = Valiente - Relatives (relatfs) = Parientes - Table (tibol) = Mesa - Rest (rst) = Descansar - Sucress (sksrs) = xito - Exit (xit) = Salida - Parents (prents) = Padres (pap y mam) - Former (frmer) =Primer ex .. - Entered (ntert) = Introducido - Library (liberi) = Biblioteca - Collage (klesh) = Universidad - Support (saprt) = Apoyar - Introduce (introdis) = Presentar - Sin (=) = Pecado - Pie (pi) = Pstel - Dad (=) = pap - Red (=) = Rojo - Current (krrent) =Actual

- I REALIZE THAT I WAS DREAMING (Me di cuenta que estaba soando) presente Wake up Win pasado Woke up Won partic. Pasado Woken up Won significado levantarse Ganar

- I WOKE UP LAST NIGHT (Yo me despert anoche) - I WOKE UP LAST NIGHT SO, I REALIZED THAT I WAS DREAMING (me despert anoche, por lo tanto me di cuenta que estaba soando) - SHE REALIZES THAT SHE IS LATE FOR WORK (ella se da cuenta que est retardada para el trabajo) - SHE REALIZED THAT SHE WAS LATE FOR WORK (Ella se di cuenta que estaba retardada para el trabajo) - I THOUGHT IT WAS LUIS / I THOUGHT THAT IT WAS LUIS (Yo pens que era Luis) - IT`S LUIS (es Luis) - IT`S HIM (es l) - IT`S THEM (son ellos)

A UNIVERSITY (una Universidad) [palabra con excepcin AN antepuesta, se usa la A sin la N]

- THE POLITITIANS NEVER SUPPORT THE PEOPLE (los polticos nunca apoyan al pueblo) Toda palabra con terminacin Tion se pronuncia al final Shon

- THE OTHER DAY, I WAS WALKING BY DOWNTOWN SUDDENLY, I SAW AN ODD LOOKING MAN (el otro da, yo estaba pasando por el centro, de repente vi un hombre de extraa apariencia) - THAT GIRL HAS A NICE LOOKING (Esa chica tiene una bonita apariencia) - IN ADDITION TO WHAT I HAVE JUST SAID TO YOU, IT`S EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT YOU SPEAK ENGLISH ALL THE TIME. (Adems de lo que acabo de decirte, es extremadamente importante que tu hables en ingls todo el tiempo) . - IN ADDITION TO WHAT I HAVE JUST TOLD YOU, IT`S EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT YOU SPEAK ENGLISH ALL THE TIME. (Adems de lo que acabo de decirte, es extremadamente importante que tu hables en ingls todo el tiempo) .

What = Qu ( Pero cuando est en el medio de la oracin significa LO QUE ) What se utiliza tambin para expresiones aadindole a ( What a ) - WHAT A RAINY DAY! (ut e rini di) [Que da tan lluviso!] - WHAT A BEATIFUL WOMAN! (ut a bitiful man!) [Que mujer tan Hermosa!] - WHAT DAY IS TODAY? (ut di is tudi?) [Qu da es hoy?] - WHAT DATE IS TODAY? (ut diris tudi?) [Qu fecha es hoy?] - HOW DID YOU SPEND LAST WEEKEND? (Cmo pasaste el fin de semana pasado?) - I`LL SPEND NEXT WEEKEND IN MERIDA (Yo pasar el prximo fin de semana en Mrida) - I HAD TO GO TO THE TOILET TO SHIT (Tuve que ir al bao a cagar) - I AM GOING TO CARACAS - I`M BOUND TO CARACAS - I`M BOUND FOR CARACAS

Voy a Caracas

- WHERE ARE YOU BOUND FOR? (ur ariu bund for?) - WHERE ARE YOU GOING? (ur ariu goin?)

A dnde vas?

- WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO? (Qu vas a hacer?) - IT`S STRANGE THAT CHAVEZ IS SPEAKING SWEETLY (Es extrao que Chavez est hablando dulcemente) - BE CAREFUL, DON`T TALK TO STRANGERS (Ten cuidado, no hables con extraos) -THE PRESIDENT IS A STRANGE GUY (El presidente es un tipo extrao) - WHO`S THAT GUY? (quin es ese tipo?)

- IT`S STRANGE THAT RAINS IN SUMMER (Es extrao que llueva en verano) - THOSE MEN ARE STRANGERS IN THIS TOWN (Esos hombres son extraos en este pueblo)

NEITHER . NOR (Nder .. nor) = NI NI // EITHER OR (der or)

- NEITHER SPRING NOR AUTUMN IN VENEZUELA (Ni primavera ni otoo en Venezuela) - WE SPEAK NEITHER FRENCH NOR GERMAN (Nosotros ni hablamos Francs ni alemn) - NEITHER FISH NOR FOWL (Ni chicha ni limonada) - THE CAR IS EITHER BLACK OR BLUE BUT WHITE (de car is der blk or bl bt uit) [ El carro es ni negro ni azl sino blanco] - THE CAR IS EITHER BLACK OR BLUE (de car is der blk or bl) [El carro es ni negro ni azl] Actualmente se usa con ms frecuencia NEITHER . NOR

BUT (bt) = PERO, SI NO

- THE BOARD IS NEITHER BLACK NOR RED BUT WHITE (La pizarra es ni negra ni roja sino blanca) - BOTH PIERO AND FREDY ARE NOT THE TEACHER (Tanto Piero como Fredy no son el professor) - NEITHER PIERO NOR LUIS ARE THE TEACHER (Ni Piero ni Luis son el professor) - WHAT`S THE WEATHER LIKE? (cmo est el clima?) - HOW`S THE WEATHER? (Cmo est el tiempo, clima?)

MEAN (min) = SIGNIFICAR, MALVADO

Mean como adjetivo significa malvado,a; como verbo es Significar - HE IS A MEAN PERSON (j is a mn prson) [El es una persona malvada] - I MEAN (ai mn) [Quiero decir] - WHATS THE MEANING OF? (uts de mnin of) [Cul es el significado de?] - WHAT DOES IT MEAN? (ut ds it mn) [Qu significa?, qu quiere decir?] - IT MEAN (it mn) [Significa, quiere decir] - WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT? (ut du yu mn bi dt) [Qu quieres decir con eso ?] - IN GOD WE TRUST (in gd u trst) [En Dios nosotros confiamos] - THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN NEWS (de most trsted nim in nis) [El nombre ms confiable en noticiaa]

TRUSTFUL ===> FULL OF TRUST USEFUL ===> FULL OF USE BE CAREFUL ===> FULL OF CARE

ADJETIVO: Es lo que le da sentido y describe otra palabra Ej.: The red table (la mesa roja) Adjetivo

BY (bai) = POR, MEDIANTE (Se usa siempre con verbos en Participio Pasado)
- THIS ENGLISH COURSE IF GIVEN BY DOUGLAS (dis nglis curs if guven bi Douglas) (Este curso de ingls es dado por Douglas / Este curso de ingls se da por Douglas) - THAT FILM WAS DIRECTED BY MEL GIBSON (dd film us directed bi Mel Gibson) (Esa pelcula fu dirigida por Mel Gibson / Esa pelcula se dirigi por Mel Gibson) - THIS CAKE WAS PREPARED BY MY MOTHER (ds kik us prepired bi mi mder) (Esta torta fu preparada por mi madre) - THE FOOD WAS EATEN BY THE DOG (de fd us ten bi de dg) (La comida fu comida por el perro) - THE DOG ATE THE FOOD (de dg it de fd) [El perro se comi la comida] - I WRITE A LETTER (a ri a lder) [ Yo escribo una carta ] - A LETTER IS WRITTEN BY ME (a lder is riting bi m) [Una carta es escrita por mi]

BY + VERBO EN GERUNDIO SIGNIFICA MEDIANTE

- HOW DID YOU LEARN ENGLISH? (jo dd i lrn nglish) [Cmo aprendiste ingls?] BY PRACTICING (bi prcticin) [Mediante prctica] BY READING (bi rding) [mediante lectura] - I OBTAINED A GOOD JOB BY MAKING AN EFFORT (i obtained a gd yb bi miking an efort) (Yo obtuve un buen trabajo mediante un esfuerzo) - CHILDREN ARE MADE BY MAKING LOVE (children ar mid bi miking lf) (los nios son hechos mediante la hechura del amor)

HEAR (Jar) = OIR

- I HEAR THAT YOULL START THE UNIVERSITY (i jar dd yl start de univrsiti) (Me enter que comenzars la Universidad / o que comenzars la universidad) - I HEAR YOU SPEAK ENGLISH EXCELENT (a jar i espk nglish excellent) (O que tu hablas ingls excelente)

RULES TO BE AN EXCELENT ENGLISH SPEAKER

1.) Think that you know English very much (Piensa que t sabes muchsimo ingls) 2-) Try not to get nervous (Trata de no estar nervioso) 3-) Speak slowly at the beginning (Habla lentamente alprincipio) 4-) Look at the face of the people (Mira la cara de las personas)

JUST DO IT!

COMPARATIVOS DE INFERIORIDAD

- BAD (bd) = Malo - WORSE (urs) = Peor - THE WORST (de urst) = Lo ms psimo - FAR (=) = Lejos - FARTHER (Frder) = Ms lejos - THE FARTHEST (de frdest) = Lo ms lejos - LITTLE (lrol) = Poco - LESS (=) = Menos - THE LEAST (de list) = Lo menos - A LITTLE BIT (a lrol bt) = Un poquito - AT LEAST (at list) = Al menos - AT LAST (at last) = Al fin - AT THE LATEST (at de lirest) = A ms tarde - Last but not least (last bt not lst) [ el ltimo pero no el menos importante] - TOM IS A BAD BOY (tom is a bad bi) [Tom es un chico malo] - RICHARD IS WORSE THAN TOM (Richard is urs dan tom) [richrad es peor que Tom] - RONALD IS THE WORST OF THE GROUP (Ronald is de urst of de ) [Ronald es el ms psimo del grupo] - L.H.C. WAS A BAD PRESIDENT (l.h.c. us a bd president) [l.h.c. fu un mal presidente] - CALDERA IS WORSE THAN L.H.C. (caldera is urs dan l.h.c.) [Caldera es peor que l.h.c.]
-WAR IS THE WORST WORD IN THE WORLD (ur is de urs ur in de urd) [La Guerra es la palabra ms psima en el mundo]

- WHERE WERE YOU WHEN WORLD WAR II WAS WON (ur uriu un ur ur t us un) [Dnde estabas tu cuando la II Guerra Mundial fue ganada] - THERES LITLLE SUGAR IN MY COFFE (drs lrol sugar in mai cfi) [hay poco azcar en mi caf] -THERE ARE LESS CHANCES TO FIND GOOD JOBS IN VZLA. (drr less chns tu find gd jobs in vzla) [ hay menos oportunidades de conseguir Buenos empleos en Vzla.] -THERE IS LESS CHANCE TO FIND A GOOD JOB IN VZLA. (dris less chns tu find a gd job in vzla). [ hay menos oportunidad para encontrar un buen trabajo en Vzla.]

LESS ACTUANDO COMO SUFIJO (pegado a una palabra al final) SIGNIFICA SIN

- IM MONEYLESS (am mniless) [Estoy sin dinero, corto de dinero]

- IM OUT OF MONEY (am at of mni) [Estoy sin dinero] - SUGARLESS (=) = Sin azcar

- WHAT IS THE CHEAPEST CAR IN CHEVROLET? (Cul es el carro ms barato en Chevrolet?) - WHAT IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE CAR IN CHEVROLET? (Cul es el carro ms caro en Chevrolet?) - IM SURE THAT YOU CAN SPEAK ENGLISH (Estoy seguro que tu puedes hablar ingls) - I ASSURE YOU A GOOD ENGLISH SKILL (Yo te aseguro un buen dominio del ingls) - COMPUTER TECHNICIAN OFFERS HIS SERVICES TO AN OUTSTANDING COMPANY. WILLING TO WORK ANYWHERE AND AT ANYTIME. CALL NOW. IF LINE IS BUSY, KEEP TRYING (Tcnico en computacin ofrece sus servicios para una empresa sobresaliente. Decidido a trabajar en cualquier parte y a cualquier hora. Llame ahora. Si la lnea est ocupada siga intentando) - A GOOD ACCOUNTANT OFFERS HIS SERVICES, EXPERT IN BOOKKEEPING, INCOME TAX (Un buen contador ofreece sus servicios, experto en tenedura de libros, impuesto sobre la renta) - THE WIND BLOWS VERY MUCH IN WINTER (de und blus vri mch in uinter) [ El viento sopla mucho mejor en invierno ] - ILL GET TOGETHER WITH THE NATIONAL GUARD OFFICERS (me reunir con los oficiales de la Guardia Nacional) - HOW DO YOU LIKE? (Jo du yu lik) [Cmo te parece?] - I LIKE TO WATCH TV (ai lik tu uch tv) [Me gusta ver tv] - I LIKE WATCHING TV (ai lik uaching tv) [Me gusta ver tv]

LIKE se puede utilizar con los verbos en gerundio pero el significado es en presente

IF + SUJETO + WERE = (SI SUJETO FUERA O ESTUVIERA)

IF I WERE (if ai ur) IF YOU WERE (ifi ur) IF HE WERE (if j ur) IF SHE WERE (if sh ur) IF IT WERE (ift ur) IF WE WERE (ifu ur) IF THEY WERE (if di ur)

Si yo fuera o estuviera Si tu fueras o estuvieras Si l fuera o estuviera Si ella fuera o estuviera Si eso fuera o estuviera Si nosotros furamos o estuviramos Si ellos fueran o estuvieran

- IF I WERE RICH, I WOULD TRAVEL AROUND THE WORLD (if ai ur rich ai d travel arund de urld) [ Si yo fuera rico, yo viajara alrededor del mundo] - IF I AM RICH, I WILL TRAVEL AROUND THE WORLD (if ai am rich, ai ul travel arund de urld) (si soy rico, yo viajar alrededor del mundo] - IF SHE WERE MY GIRLFRIEND, SHE WOULD BE MINE (if sh ur mi gerfrnd, sh d b main) [ Si ella fuera mi novia, ella sera ma] - HIGHLY QUALIFIED ACCOUNTANT (jily kualifid akuntant) [Contador altamente calificado] 2 3 1 - HIGHLY EXPERIENCED COMPUTER TECHNICIAN (jili exprienst compiurer tknishan) [ Tcnico en computadora altamente calificado] - FULLY SATISFIED CUSTOMER (fli satisfied cstumer) [clientes completamente satisfechos]

GET _____________ IED = PRESENTE

----------------------------------------------------------------- GET WORRIED (gut urried) = preocuparse

- Theres nothing to worry about! (drs nzin tu urri abut) [Nada de que preocuparse] - Im bory bored (estoy aburrido) boring - Im under a feeding regime (am nder a fding riyim) [estoy bajo un regimen alimentario] - Im on a diet (amonediet) [estoy a dieta] - English speaking countries (nglish espken cntris) [pases de habla inglesa] - To be on a diet (tu bi ona diet) [Estar a dieta] - The love boat (de lf but) [el bote del amor] - Dot matrix printer (dt matrix printer) [impresora de matriz de punto]

TOO MANY (t mni) = De ms / Demasiado

TOO MANY al final de una oracin significa De Ms y al inicio o al centro de una oracin significa Demasiados,as.

- IN THE PARTY THERE WERE FIVE PEOPLE TOO MANY (in de prdi dr ur fif ppol t mni) [ En la fiesta haba cinco personas de ms ] - THERE ARE TOO MANY PEOPLE IN THE PARTY (drar t mni ppol in de prdi) [Hay demasiadas personas en la fiesta]

- TRANSPORTATION WAS ON STRIKE (transportishon us on strik) [El transporte estuvo en huelga]

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION (mns of transportishon) =MEDIOS DE TRANSPORTE - BY TRAIN (bi trin) = Por tren - BY CAR (bi car) = Por carro - BY BUS (bi bs) = Por bus - BY PLANE (bi plin) = Por avin - ON FOOT (on ft) = A pie - BY SHIP (bi ship) = Por barco - ON HORSE BACK (on jrs bk) = A caballo

- Do you ride on horse back? (du yu raid on jrs bck) [Cabalgas a caballo?] - You never know what you can do until you try (tu nunca sabes que puedes hacer hasta que lo intentes) - She is doing her bed (sh is din jer bed) [ella est haciendo su cama] - I made sex lastnight (i mid sex last nit) [Yo hice sexo anoche] - They are making a building (di ar mikina bldin) [ellos estn haciendo un edificio] building a building constructing a building putting up a building - I cant bear with you (i cant br uz i) [No puedo tolerarte] - I cant put up with (a cant purp uz i) [No puedo tolerate] - I cant tolerate you (a cant toleritiu) [No puedo tolerarte] - We gotstuck in the traffic jam (u guerestik in de traffic ym) [Nos pegamos en la cola del trfico] - I got a job to do (i gra jb tu du) [tengo trabajo que hacer] - You are doing a good job (i ar din a gd jb) [Ests haciendo un buen trabajo] - I wish I could afford (i ush i kudford ) [ojal pudiera darme el lujo] - I wish I could afford living in England (i ush i kudford lvin in England) [ojal pudiera darme el lujo de vivir en Inglaterra] TO BE ACCOSTUMED TO (tu b akstium tu) = Estar acostumbrado a TO BE USED TO (tu b ist tu) = Estar acostumbrado a GET USED TO (gueristu) = Acostumbrarse a - I am accostumed to speak english (i am akstium tu spk nglish) [Estoy acostumbrado a hablar ingls] - I am used to speaking english (i am ist tu spkin nglish) [Estoy acostumbrado a hablar ingls]

Si se usa USED TO, los verbos se colocan en gerundio (ing) pero su significado es en presente - I am accostumed to come late (i am akstium tu cm lit) [Estoy acostumbrado a venir tarde] - You will get used to (i ul gut ist tu) [Tu te ests acostumbrando]

Because of tomorrow our course will be over, i say thats the star for the adventure of speaking better and better everyday Debido a que maana nuestro curso habr terminado, yo digo que se es el comienzo para la aventura de hablar mejor y mejor todos los das - She is getting used to working in the office (sh is gurin ist tu uorkin in de fice) [Ella est acostumbrndose a trabajar en la oficina] - We are used to having class at 6:30 (u ar ist tu jvin cls at 6:30) [Estamos acostumbrados a tener clase a las 6:30]
- We are accostumed to have class at 6:30 (u ar akstium tu jf class at 6:30) [ Estamos acostumbrados a tener clase a las 6:30]

- Ill get used to working under pressure (Me acostumbrar a trabajar bajo presin) - Im used to working under pressure (Estoy acostumbrado a trabajar bajo presin)

Presente Simple: I get used (i gut ist) = Yo me acostumbro Presente Progresivo: I am getting used to ( i am gutin ist tu) = Yo me estoy acostumbrando Pasado Simple: I got used to (i gt ist tu) = Yo me acostumbr Pasado Progresivo: I was getting used to (i us gurin ist tu) =Yo me estaba acostumbrando TO BE USED TO = Estar acostumbrado a - Are you used to eating sandwiches? (Ests acostumbrado a comer sndwiches?) - Do you get used to eating sandwiches? (Te acostumbras a comer sndwiches?) ================== // =============== // ================== // ================== - I have a meeting with some PDVSA engineers. Tomorrow. I am sorry. No classes tonight.
(Yo tengo una reunin con algunos ingenieros de PDVSA. Maana. Yo lo siento. No hay clase esta noche.)

- Thanks i feel very well today. God has blessed me so well. See you (Gracias yo me siento muy bien hoy. Dios me ha bendecido tanto. Nos vemos) - Try to bring a marker. Please. I am out of money. Thank you (Intenta traer un marcador. Por favor. Estoy sin dinero. Gracias) - Who did tell you? Do yo have Massimos phone number? Or anyone phone number (Quin te dijo? Tienes el nmero de telfono de Massimo? O el nmero de telfono de cualquiera) - I am in la caramuca garrison with the officers. Can you go tomorrow at the same time?. Thanks
(Yo Estoy en la guarnicin de la caramuca con los funcionarios. Puedes ir maana a la misma hora?. Gracias)