Nachb in

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS
Andr e Nachbin, IMPA
Ondas em Meios Desordenados
Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
http://www.impa.br/nachbin
Colaboradores
ex-alunos de doutorado Juan Carlos Mu noz (Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia) Daniel Alfaro (University of California at Irvine, EUA visita IMPA, 2006) William Artiles (Inst. de F sica Te orica, S ao Paulo) Ail n F abregas (visita IMPA, 2007)
George Papanicolaou (Stanford Univ., EUA) Jean-Pierre Fouque (University of Santa Barbara, EUA) Josselin Garnier (Jussieu, Paris VII, Fran ca) Knut Slna (University of California at Irvine, EUA) Wooyoung Choi (NJIT/New Jersey Institute of Technolgy, EUA) Roberto Kraenkel (Inst. de F sica Te orica, S ao Paulo)
Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007 Andr e Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
Pesquisa em 3 frentes:
Parte A: Modelagem (FIS+MATE) e An alise Assint otica de EDPs/OPERADORES
Parte B: An alise Assint otica de SOLUC OES de modelos REDUZIDOS
Parte C: An alise Num erica e Computa c ao Cient ca

PRIMEIRA aplica c ao GEOF ISICA com ONDAS em meios DESORDENADOS
APARENTE DIFUSAO
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
MODELO ACUSTICO 1D:

PRESSURE WAVE
VELOCITY PROFILE
EARTH CRUST
1D PROBLEM
1 p u + = 0, (z /2 ) t z
VELO. ALEATORIA c (z /2 ) 1/ COMPRESSIBILIDADE da CROSTA terrestre p /
(z /2 )
u p + = 0, t z
Dados:
p (0, t ) = u (0, t ) = f (t /)
DENSIDADE
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IMPA
Situa c ao com UMA discontinuidade:

3 2
INTERFACE
1
0
2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1/(z )
p u + t z u p + (z ) t z
= 0 = 0
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IMPA
Imped ancia: i
3
i i ; e tempo de tr ansito x =
Rz
0
c 1 (s )ds
INTERFACE
1
0
2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Continuidade de p e u , e usando Invariantes de Riemann (const. ao longo de caracter ticas)... 2 1 2 2 1 REFL. = TRANS. = 1 + 2 1 + 2 CONSERV: 2 + 2 = 1
Andr e Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
1D: VARIAS CAMADAS

INFO
1 1
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Ondas ACUSTICAS Ondas AQUATICAS (Shallow Water Theory ) Temos EDPs + PROBABILIDADE N. & Slna, Phys. Fluids 2003
ONDA TRANSMITIDA CROSTA ABAIXO ======>
0.3 0.25 MEIO MEDIANIZADO 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0.05 50 40 30 20 10 DISTANCIA RELATIVA A CHEGADA 0 10 PERFIL SIMULADO APROXIMACAO TEORICA PERFIL INICIAL
MEIO DESORDENADO
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
CAMADAS NA CROSTA TERRESTRE
PROFUNDIDADE =======>
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IMPA
Resultado DETERMIN ISTICO a partir de modelagem ESTOCASTICA:
Impulse responses based on data and analysis 0.1
transmitted downgoing pulse
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0.02 0 5 10 15 20 distance from leading front [m] 25 30 35
Impulse responses based on data and analysis 0.1
transmitted downgoing pulse
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0.02 0 2 4 6 8 distance from front [m] 10 12 14
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IMPA
Teo. Central do Limite versus Teoria dos Campos M edios (Wave Field): Atenua c ao SUPER-estimada
EDP HIPERBOLICA: advec c ao aleat oria

pulso Gaussiano (dado inicial) c/ a velo. tendo uma distribui c ao normal.
40 realizations 1 1 200 realizations
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0 1
0.5
0.5
0 1
0.5
0.5
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IMPA
EDOs ALEATORIAS com 1 ESCALA de TEMPO. Teorema de Khasminskii(*): Sejam os PVIs

dx dt e dy d = F (t , x ; ), x (0) = x0 (, A, P )
= F (y ),
y (0) = x0 ,
onde F (t , ; ) e um processo estoc astico estacion ario satisfazendo hip oteses de ergodicidade etc..., com F (x ) lim 1 T Z T
0
E{F (t , x ; )}dt .
Ent ao sup E{|x (t ) y (t )|}

0t
na escala de tempo 1/.
(*) R.Z. Khasminskii, On stochastic processes dened by dierential equations with a small parameter, Theory Prob. Applications, Volume XI (1966), pp.211-228. R.Z. Khasminskii, A limit-theorem for the solutions of dierential equations with random right-hand sides, Theory Prob. Applications, Volume XI (1966), pp.390-406.
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Lan cado em meados de 2007
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
OUTRA aplica c ao GEOF ISICA com ONDAS em meios DESORDENADOS
via REVERSAO TEMPORAL REFOCALIZAC AO
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IMPA
TIME-REVERSED ACOUSTICS
Arrays of transducers can re-create a sound and send it back to its source as if time had been reversed. The process can be used to destroy kidney stones, detect defects in materials and communicate with submarines
by Mathias Fink
n a room inside the Waves and Acoustics Laboratory in Paris is an array of microphones and loudspeakers. If you stand in front of this array and speak into it, anything you say comes back at you, but played in reverse. Your hello echoes almost instantaneously as olleh. At rst this may seem as ordinary as playing a tape backward, but there is a twist: the sound is projected back exactly toward its source. Instead of spreading throughout the room from
the loudspeakers, the sound of the olleh converges onto your mouth, almost as if time itself had been reversed. Indeed, the process is known as time-reversed acoustics, and the array in front of you is acting as a time-reversal mirror. Such mirrors are more than just a novelty item. They have a range of applications, including destruction of tumors and kidney stones, detection of defects in metals, and longdistance communication and mine detection in the ocean.
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
DUSAN PETRICIC
Transdutores
HELLO
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IMPA
ACOUSTIC SOURCE
ELECTRONIC RECORDINGS
PLAYBACK OF SIGNALS IN REVERSE
PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM
RECORDING STEP
TIME-REVERSAL AND REEMISSION STEP
ACOUSTIC TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR operates in two steps. In the first step (left) a source emits sound waves (orange) that propagate out, perhaps being distorted by inhomogeneities in the medium. Each transducer in the mirror array detects the sound arriving at its location and feeds the signal to a computer.
In the second step (right), each transducer plays back its sound signal in reverse in synchrony with the other transducers. The original wave is re-created, but traveling backward, retracing its passage back through the medium, untangling its distortions and refocusing on the original source point.
They can also be used for elegant experiments in pure physics. back on exactly the reversed trajectory, which again would The magic of time-reversed acoustics is possible because totally alter the nal outcome. sound is composed of waves. When you speak you produce In contrast, wave propagation is linear. That is, a small vibrations in the air that travel like ripples on a pond change in the initial wave results in only a small change in spreading out from the point where a stone splashed in. A the nal wave. Likewise, reproducing the nal wave, fundamental property of waves is that when two of them moving in reverse but with the inevitable small inaccuracies, pass through the same location, they reinforce each other if will result in the wave propagating and re-creating the initheir peaks and troughs correspond, and they tend to cancel tial wave, also moving in reverse and having only relativeModelos Estoc asticos e other Aplica o the es,CBPF, 2007 e Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin each outcif peaks of one combine with the troughs Andr ly minor imperfections.
SARAH L. DONELSON
CONTROL SYSTEM
RUBBER MEMBRANE CYLINDRICAL TUB OF WATER
TRANSDUCER ARRAY
TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR
KIDNEY STONE
SOUND REFLECTED FROM KIDNEY STONE
TRANSDUCER ARRAY
HIGH-POWER TIME-REVERSED PULSE
ULTRASONIC PULSE
ECHO FROM STONE
TIME-REVERSED WAVE
KIDNEY STONES can be targeted and broken up with ultrasound by using the self-focusing property of a time-reversal mirror. An ultrasonic pulse emitted by one part of the array (a) produces a distorted echo from the stone (b). A powerful time-reverse
of this echo passes through intervening tissues and organs, focuses back on the stone (c) and breaks it up. Iterating the procedure improves the focus and allows real-time tracking as the stone moves because of the patients breathing.
medical imaging, where one wishes the is more complicated, but a single target can be Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007to send the ultrasound Andr eproblem Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/ nachbin
ALFRED T. KAMAJIAN
PULSE OF ULTRASOUND

ALFRED T. KAMAJIAN; LAURIE GRACE (inset) ALFRED T.KAMAJIAN;DATA FROM TUNCAY AKAL SACLANT Undersea Research Center AND HEECHUN SONG Scripps Institution of Oceanography
NATO RESEARCH VESSEL ALLIANCE FORMICHE DI GROSSETO
TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER ARRAY (TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR) RECEIVER ARRAY
PULSE TRANSMITTER ITALY ELBA FORMICHE DI GROSSETO Mediterranean Sea GIGLIO
UNDERWATER COMMUNICATIONS can be enhanced by using time-reversed acoustics to focus a signal. This technique was demonstrated in water 120 meters deep near the island of Elba off the coast of Italy. A sound pulse was sent from the target location and recorded up to 30 kilometers away by an array of transponders, distorted by refraction and multiple reflections (red) from the surface and the seabed. The time-reversed signal sent by the array was well focused at the target location.
TIME-REVERSED SIGNAL TRANSMITTED SIGNAL
120 METERS
RECEIVED SIGNAL
Modelos
cently researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., and the SACLANT Undersea Research Center in La Spezia, Italy, built and tested a 20-element TRM in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Italy [see illustration above]. Led by Tuncay Akal, William Hodgkiss and William A. Kuperman, they showed in water about 120 meters deep that their mirror could focus sound waves up to 30 kilometers away. In a result similar to the sixfold enhancement in the scattering rod experiment, the time-reversed beam was focused onto a much smaller spot Estoc asticos e Aplica c o es,CBPF, 2007
TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR 15 KILOMETERS
RECEIVER ARRAY
RESULTS from an underwater experimental run. Color contours indicate intensity of sound. The transmitted signal pulse (red circle) is greatly distorted at the time-reversal mirror, but when the time-reversed signal is played back (at left) it reproduces a focused pulse at the receiver array (at right).
tects the echoes from one or more targets. The possible sceAndr e Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/ nachbin
ESQUEMATICAMENTE...
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
SUPER-RESOLUC AO!!
Multi-pathing
Time-reversal aperture enhancement, JP Fouque, K Solna - SIAM Multiscale Modeling and Simulation, 2003. Super-resolution in time-reversal acoustics, P Blomgren, G Papanicolaou, H Zhao - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002.
DESORDEM AJUDANDO!!
EDE ASSINTOTICAMENTE eleva c ao da onda (x , t ) governada por Burgers VISCOSA
0.01 = 0.004; = 0.01 0.005
Forcante ALEATORIO choque viscoso:
Fouque, Garnier & N., Physica D 04
"Apparently viscous" profile at t = 6.25(1.25)15.0
0.005
0.01
14.8
15
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.8
16
16.2
16.4
16.6
"Inviscid Burgers" profile at t = 6.25(1.25)15.0 0.01 Initial profile centered at x = 10
0.005
0.005
0.01 15
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.8 x
16
16.2 16.4 16.6 16.8 17 ( All waves centered about solution at t= 6.25)
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
MEIO ALEATORIO muito LONGO:

de Anderson estamos no regime de LOCALIZAC AO
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
CENARIO para a TEORIA e SIMULAC OES: Revers ao Temporal Pers t picos: Gaussianas, dGaussiana/dx e onda Solit aria.
250 200 150 100 50 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
250 200 150 100 50 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
x 10
0.8
TIMEREVERSED WAVE
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
REFLECTED WAVE
TRANSMITTED WAVE
0.4
0.6
0.8 RANDOM MEDIUM HALFSPACE 1 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
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IMPA
1D REFOCALIZAC AO
TSUNAMI
x 10 5 0 5 50
t = 0
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
x 10 5 0 5 50
t = 50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
de ANDERSON: LOCALIZAC AO
Alfaro et al., Comm. Math. Sci., 07
PULSE PROPAGATION
50
100
150
zAXIS 200 250
t t t t t
= = = = =
0 125 250 375 500
300
350
400
TIMEREVERSED PULSE PROPAGATION t t t t t = = = = = 0 125 250 375 500
50
100
150
zAXIS 200 250
300
350
400
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IMPA
Refocaliza c ao COMPLETA
tf = 410 t = 820 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

f
initial
pulse AMPLITUDE
1
arrival TIME about the center of the refocused pulse

1 t = 0 1
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Regime Linear : Gaussiana

Clouet & Fouque, WMotion 97, Pulso refocalizado Fouque & N. , SIAM MMS 04
TR
(t ) =
1 2
i t
0 ( )
m 2 t0
1+
m 2 t0
d .
m =
t=0 1 0.5 0 40 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 40 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 40 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 40 30 20 10 t=t
1
Z
0
E {m(0)m(x )dx }
M (s ) = 1 + m (s )
h() 0
(A)
10 (B)
20
30
40
50
REFLECTED SIGNAL 30 20 10 0
TRANSMITTED SIGNAL 10 20 30 40 50
t=0
(C)
TIME REVERSED SIGNAL 30 20 10 t=t1 0 10 (D) 20 30 40 50
30
20
10
FLAT SECTION
10 20 30 40 DISORDERED OROGRAPHY
50
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IMPA
Embaralhando e desembaralhando um bit stream
SIGNAL PROFILES
INITIAL SIGNAL
REFLECTED timereversed SIGNAL
REFOCUSED SIGNAL
TIME t
t=0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
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IMPA
Parte A: ................ da palestra.
MODELOS REDUZIDOS; PORQUE?

SIMULAC OES mais ecientes e ... ...melhor acesso ` a ANALISE/TEORIA MATEMATICA
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
An alise Assint otica de OPERADORES/EDPs:

MODELAGEM MATEMATICA
INTERIOR
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IMPA
T pica geometria de uma topograa DESORDENADA com MULTIPLAS-ESCALAS:
MULTISCALE
TOPOGRAPHY
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IMPA
Eq. de EULER ou Teoria do Potencial N ao-Linear:

Equa c oes em vari aveis adimensionais: xx + yy = 0, em CORPO FLUIDO,
ICIE LIVRE com condi c oes n ao-lineares na ...SUPERF

1 2 2 t + 2 (x + y ) + 1 y t + x x
=0 =0
em
y = (x , t )
e uma cond. de Neumann na topograa DESORDENADA,

x h ( )x
+ y = 0
ao longo de
x y = h( ),
onde a TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA e dada atrav es de h.

(amplitude /profundd ), NAO-LINEARIDADE (profundd /comprimento de onda)2 , DISPERSAO Andr e Nachbin (desordem/comprmt de onda) DESORDEM IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
T pica geometria de uma topograa DESORDENADA com MULTIPLAS-ESCALAS:
MULTISCALE
TOPOGRAPHY
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Pers Urbanos: problemas com Turbul encia Urbana
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
COORDENADAS CURVIL INEAS:

+ = 0, Na fronteira livre Nt +
N. SIAP 03
< < S (, t ).
(x , t ) N ((x , 0), t )/M ()
1 N = 0. |J | |J | t + (2 + 2 ) + = 0. 2|J |
= .
(FRACA. N-LIN.)
Note que = 0
em
2 2 2 ( + ) = |J |2 xy |J | (y + y )|FS y (, 0) + O (2 )
Na fronteira livre o coeciente m etrico e M ( ; , ) y (, 0), onde Z p h(x (o , )/ ) M ( ; , ) = d o . 4 cosh2 2 (o )

ANALISE ASSINTOTICA de EDPs
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
S erie de pot encias na viz. do fundo
(transladado para)
=0
Whitham 1974
(, , t ) =
n=0
n fn (, t ).
O potencial de velocidades (satisaz LAPLACE + NEUMANN)
(, , t ) =
n=0
( )n 2n 2n f (, t ) (2n)! 2n
(x , y , t ) cosh(k
[...]
n=0
Temos ent ao C 2 (k ) =
(VELO. de FASE)2
y ) exp(i (kx t ))
1 2 = tanh( k ) 2 k k 1 2 ( k )4 17 ( k )6 + O (( k )8 ) 1 ( k )2 + 15 315 3
Rela c ao de dispers ao truncada atrav es da aprox. de Pad e: 2 (k ) = p (k )/q (k ). Ca

Madsen and Srensen 92, Nwogu 93
Tomando a derivada de com respeito a e avaliando a velo. em uma profundd. INTERMEDIARIA = Z0 [0, 1] (, Z0 , t ) u (, t ) = f
de FRONTEIRA LIVRE ca reduzida ` CONDIC AO a
2 Z0 f + O ( 2 ) 2
fam lia de equa c oes BOUSSINESQ: 2 1 3
M ( )t + ut + +
1+
M ( )
Z0 2
=0
u2 2M 2 ( )
(Z0 2 1)ut = 0 2
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
fam lia de equa c oes BOUSSINESQ M ( )t + ut + + 1+ M ( ) u
Z0 2
1 3
=0
u2 2M 2 ( )
(Z0 2 1)ut = 0 2
C2 =
2 1 )k 2 1 (/2)(Z0 2 3 = 2 1)k 2 k2 1 (/2)(Z0
2 k2
1 + (/15)k 2 ...e para o valor especial Z0 = 1 + 2(/5)k 2 2 1 4 ( k )6 + O (( k )8 ). 1 ( k )2 + ( k )4 75 3 15 =
1/5
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IMPA
Seja Z0 =
2/3 e u (, t ) = M ( )t + O (, ): (M ( ) )t + u t + + 1+ M ( ) u
(M ( ) )t = 0 6
u2 2M 2 ( )
u t = 0 6
demonstraram exist encia, unicidade etc...
Quintero and Mu noz & Chen 98
(Meth.Appl.Anal. 04)
ap os encontrarem uma integral de energia . Ferramentas semelhantes a Bona
[U ] = K U ,
K (s )
1 2
6 sign(s )e 6/ |s |
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Mais pode ser feito!
Nwogu 93 p Outros valores: ZO = 1/5 0.447 e O

15 Terrain following Boussinesq system (dashed) Boussinesq system with Z =0.469 (solid) 0 Boussinesq system with Z =1/5 (circles)
0
Z = 0.469:
Mu noz & N., IMA 06
10 Relative error (%) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 k 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA
Comparamos modelos
1 =0.05 at t = 50 0.8
na JANELA
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
T O P O G R A P H Y
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
1 20
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IMPA
TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA:
ZO = 0.469
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 50 =0.002 at t=50
espalhamento m ultiplo
55
60
65
70
75
80
ZO =
2/3
=0.002 0.6
melhor valor para An alise Funcional

at t = 50
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
NOVO MODELO OTIMO

...atrav es de an alise assint otica em m ultiplas escalas.
Garnier, Kraenkel & N, PRE, October 2007
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
MODELO REDUZIDO (Boussinesq): M t + (1 +
M K h
2 1 )u (Z0 ) [M ]t = 0 , 2 3 M 2 u ut + + + (Z 2 1)ut = 0 , 2M 2 2 0
MODELO COMPLETO: xx + yy = 0, em CORPO FLUIDO peri odico, =0 =0
com condi c oes n ao-lineares na ...FRONTEIRA LIVRE

1 2 2 t + 2 (x + y ) + 1 y
t + x x
x h ( )x
em
y = (x , t )
e Neumann ao longo do fundo PERIODICO h(x ) + y = 0 ao longo de

Andr e Nachbin
x y = h( ),
IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
Buscando uma KdV EFETIVA
Buscamos atrav es de uma expans ao multi-escala na forma (t , ) = 0 (t , , ) + 1 (t , , ) + ... u (t , ) = u0 (t , , ) + u1 (t , , ) + ... onde j e uj s ao peri odicas em s = / e as m edias de 1 e u1 com respeito a s s ao zero.
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
MODELO BOUSSINESQ: e A KdV EFETIVA 0 +
h(x ) = 1 + n(x ) = 1 + n1 sin(kx )
3 2 (0 )X + 0 XXX = 0 4 6
onde X = x v t e um sistema de refer encia viajante. Em termos dominantes

v
2
= = =
2 0 k n1 1 2 tanh( 0 k ) #) " ( 2 2 1 0 k 0 k n1 + , 0 1 + 2 2 tanh( 0 k ) sinh( 0 k ) ( " 2 n2 1 0 k 3 30 k 2 2 2 0 1 + 1 Z Z 1) + 1 ( )( 0 0 2 0 k 2 4 3 sinh( 0 k ) 5 0 k . 2 tanh( 0 k )

Andr e Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
s ao os PARAMETROS da KdV EFETIVA .

TEORIA do POTENCIAL COMPLETA: e A KdV EFETIVA 0 + onde X = x v t e

=
Rosales & Papanicolaou 83
3 2 (0 )X + 0 XXX = 0 4 6
0 D 2 E 2 0 + Ax n D b 3 3v s
1 v
pode ser expandido, no caso SENOIDAL, dando lugar a ( " # ) 2 2 n1 k 0 1 k 0 3 = 0 1 + + + O (n1 ) . 2 2 tanh(k 0 ) sinh(k 0 ) k 0 11 n2 k 0 3 + O (n1 = 0 1 + 1 3 ) . 3 2 2 tanh(k 0 ) tanh (k 0 )
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Casando as duas KdVs
...atrav es dos respectivos coecientes de dispers ao . 2 Para 0 k pequenos, o casamento exato e obtido quando Z0 = 2 1 3 5
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Casando as duas KdVs
...atrav es dos respectivos coecientes de dispers ao . 2 Para 0 k pequenos, o casamento exato e obtido quando Z0 = 2 1 0.4685 3 5
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Assim o modelo otimo da fam lia Boussinesq para a intera c ao onda-microestrutura e

)u M u2 2M 2 2 2 1 1 5 3 1 1 + 5 3
M t + (1 + ut + +
[M ]t = 0 , ut = 0 .
Andr e Nachbin
IMPA
Obrigado pela aten c ao.
IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.


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ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Andr e Nachbin, IMPA

Ondas em Meios Desordenados

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Parte A: Modelagem (FIS+MATE) e An alise Assint otica de EDPs/OPERADORES

Parte B: An alise Assint otica de SOLUC OES de modelos REDUZIDOS

Parte C: An alise Num erica e Computa c ao Cient ca

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

PRIMEIRA aplica c ao GEOF ISICA com ONDAS em meios DESORDENADOS

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

MODELO ACUSTICO 1D:

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Situa c ao com UMA discontinuidade:

2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

1D: VARIAS CAMADAS

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

CAMADAS NA CROSTA TERRESTRE

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Resultado DETERMIN ISTICO a partir de modelagem ESTOCASTICA:

Impulse responses based on data and analysis 0.1

transmitted downgoing pulse

Impulse responses based on data and analysis 0.1

transmitted downgoing pulse

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0.02 0 2 4 6 8 distance from front [m] 10 12 14

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

EDP HIPERBOLICA: advec c ao aleat oria

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

EDOs ALEATORIAS com 1 ESCALA de TEMPO. Teorema de Khasminskii(*): Sejam os PVIs

Ent ao sup E{|x (t ) y (t )|}

na escala de tempo 1/.

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Lan cado em meados de 2007

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

OUTRA aplica c ao GEOF ISICA com ONDAS em meios DESORDENADOS

via REVERSAO TEMPORAL REFOCALIZAC AO

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Modelos Estoc asticos e Aplica co es,CBPF, 2007

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

PLAYBACK OF SIGNALS IN REVERSE

PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM

TIME-REVERSAL AND REEMISSION STEP

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

RUBBER MEMBRANE CYLINDRICAL TUB OF WATER

SOUND REFLECTED FROM KIDNEY STONE

HIGH-POWER TIME-REVERSED PULSE