PRACTICAS DE INSPECCION

VISUAL
 Introducción

• Revisar Slides - Introducción

• Revisar AWS B1.10, B1.11, y manual de Inspección Visual
de Soldadura VIW
• Examinar Muestras de Metal de Soldadura
• Revisar Parte B de Especificaciones
• Revisar Réplicas de Soldadura
• Practicar el uso de Herramientas de Medición Manual
• Practicar Ejercicios y Revisión
• Practicar Examen y Revisión
• Inspección Visual es el elemento Básico de cualquier Sistema de
Control de Calidad.

• Sin embargo, debe ser hecha por personal entrenado

Se ha mostrado repetidamente que un programa efectivo de
Inspección Visual (VT), conducido por personal entrenado
adecuadamente resultará en el descubrimiento de la mayoría
de aquellos defectos los cuales podrían ser descubiertos de
otra forma y más tarde por algún método de pruebas no
destructivas más caras”
Puesto que la VT está limitada a lo visible, solamente
las superficies externas, se debe reconocer que las
superficies externas del componente most often ver los
altos esfuerzos en servicio y son, la mayoría de las veces
las partes más críticas de los componentes.
VT es Muy Efectiva en costo ….
• Relativamente de ejecutar
• Equipo Requerido Mínimo
• Problemas para encontrar como ocurren
• Reparaciones temprana fáciles

Encontrar como ocurre de forma temprana a una

fácil reparación de cumplimiento
Found As They Occur
Early Repairs Easier To Accomplish
Para Inspección de Soldadura, VT Debe ser Aplicada:

• Antes de Soldadura
• Durante Soldadura
• Después de Soldadura
Organizing The Inspection Effort ….

Become Familiar w/ Welding Requirements

Specify Timing for Inspections
Develop Appropriate ‘Hold Points’
Develop Applicable VT Techniques
Develop Repair/Re-Inspection Procedures
Develop Procedure for Reports and Maintenance of Records
Hold Points -

Points in the Fabrication Sequence where Inspection must be

Performed Before Fabrication can continue
Applying The Inspection Effort ‘Before’….

Welding Equipment - Type, Suitability

Filler Metals - Type, Storage, Size
Weld Joint Cleanliness áWeld Joint Fitup - Bevels, Faces, RO, etc.
Preheat Requirements
Others
Applying The Inspection Effort ‘During’….

Tack Weld Quality - Feathering áRoot Pass Quality - Size

Intermediate Pass Cleaning
Gouging to Remove Defects
Distortion
Preheat/Interpass Temp. Maintenance
Applying The Inspection Effort ‘After’….

Final Pass Cleaning, Finishing

Weld Sizes
Post-Weld Heat Treatment
Distortion & Final Dimensions
Other NDE áReports
Review B1.10 - NDE of Welds

Table 1, Discontinuities (page 3)

Figures (pages 4-9)
Terminology (pages 10-12)
Table 2 (page 13)
NDE, Tables 3 & 4 (pages 15-28)
Appendices (pages 29-34)
AWS B1.11
Review B1.11 - VT of Welds

Weld Discontinuity Figures (pages 5-21)

Visual Inspection Aids (pages 22-27)
Appendix A - Technical Society Contacts (page 29)
Appendix B - Supplementary Reading List
 VIW Reference Manual

VIW Reference Manual - Self-Study review for NDE and Tool usage

Mod 1 Visual Inspection

Mod 2 NDE (review Figures)
Mod 3 Weld Discontinuities
Mod 4 Part B Specification (review actual Part B Spec)
Mod 5 Measurements (review tool use)
 Metal Weld Samples

Examine Metal Welds and Note Discontinuities on Notepad

Review Results
 AWS Part B Specification

Review Part B Specification in Detail

Table of Contents
Conversion Table and SI Prefixes
Appendices and Usage
Footnotes and Tolerances (e.g. underrun)
 Plastic Weld Replicas

Review Each Type of Weld Replica (Fillet A and B, Large and Small
T-Joints, Bend Tests, Tensile Samples)

Must be able to identify each type

Measure correct Weld and Zone

(eg - Fillet A, Side 3, Zone 0-1)

 Hand Tool Kit

Demonstrate Use of Each Tool

6 inch Rule
1 inch Micrometer
Metric Dial Caliper
Palmgren Gage
Undercut Gage
Fillet Weld Gages
 Six Inch Machinist’s Scale

Accuracy to 1/64” or about 15 mils, 0.015”

á Align vertically on part, not flat, for best accuracy

Best to measure starting from the 1” mark rather than the end,
which may be worn, but don’t forget to subtract the 1” from result!
 1 Inch Micrometer

Clean jaw faces,

close Zero Micrometer or,

Use ‘Tare’ Approach. á If Micrometer ‘zeroes’ at a plus 0.003,

take measurement of parts and subtract the 0.003 from result;
(converse if it ‘zeroes’ a minus.)
 1 Inch Micrometer

á Accuracy to plus or minus 1 mil, 0.001”

Each small, unmarked thimble division equals 1 mil

Can estimate to nearest 1/2 mil, 0.0005

 1 Inch Micrometer

á One complete thimble rotation equals 25 mils, or 0.025 inches.

Four complete thimble rotations equals 100 mils, or 0.100 inches

 Metric Dial Caliper

á Accuracy to 0.1 mm, or about 4 mils

Can estimate to nearest 0.05 mm, or about 2 mils

Some calipers have both metric and U.S. Customary scales but
SI only for Exam
 Palmgren Gage

á Only use to measure height of groove weld reinforcement.

Don’t use for measuring fillet weld sizes since plastic welds are
too small to do accurately.

Rotate ‘legs’ of gage to just touch toes of weld for best accuracy
 V-WAC Undercut Gage - 1 of 2

á Accuracy is 1/64”, or about 15 mils

Calibrate on flat, smooth surface

Position on weld, rotate sharp point into undercut, read scale at

other end

Can measure porosity depth, but not diameter

 V-WAC Undercut Gage - 2 of 2

á Measures undercut up to 1/4 inch depth in 64ths of an inch

Also can be used to measure weld reinforcement height up to

1/4 inch in 64ths of an inch
 Fillet Weld Gage Use

á Determine if Weld is Concave or Convex

Pick Appropriate Gage Type - 2 types

Scribed Lines on Gages for Estimating Size of Adjacent leg

Measure Smallest Weld Size Location á Measure Both Legs

for Convex welds á Gages from 1/8” to 1/2” - 1/16” increments

Gages from 1/2” to 1” - 1/8” incremen

 Fillet Weld Shapes

Three Weld Shape Options:

Convex - use convex gage only - minimum leg size

Concave - use concave gage only - throat size

Flat - either gage type will give accurate result

 Convex Fillet Weld Gage Use - 1 of 3

á Determine shape of fillet weld, select convex gage

Use scribed lines on gage for estimating size of second leg, or:

For convex welds, measure both legs for best accuracy; select
minimum leg as size
 Convex Fillet Weld Gage Use - 2 of 3

á Measure both legs

Weld size is the lesser of the two legs for convex welds

Weld size shown is 3/8, not 1/2

 Convex Fillet Weld Gage Use - 3 of 3

Use Correct Size Gage

Too Large

Correct Gage

Too Small
 Concave Fillet Weld Gage Use - 1 of 2

á Determine type of fillet weld, select concave gage

Use scribed lines on gage for estimating size of weld legs if needed

On concave welds, insure 3-point contact between gage and weld

 Concave Fillet Weld Gage Use - 1 of 2

Use Correct Size Gage

Too Large

Correct - 3 point contact

Too Small
 Student Hands-On Tool Practice

Measure the Following and Note Results:

Width of 6 inch scale in mm & mils

Thickness of 6 inch scale in mm & mils

Thickness of Palmgren Gage in mm & mils

Thickness of Fillet Gage in mm & mils á Outside Diameter of Mag.

Glass in mm

Review Student Results for Accuracy

 Practice Exercis

Complete 20 question VIW Practice Exercises using tensile,

weld replicas

Review answers
 Practice Examination

Complete VIW Practice Exam - 2 to 2 1/2 hours; (Student should

jot down page number from Part B where answers are found to
aid exam review)

Review Answers