Mecanica de Suelos1

TEMA 2:
RELACIONES VOLUMETRICAS
Y GRAVIMETRICAS EN SUELOS
EQUIPO 2:
• YARITZI ORTIZ NARANJO
• HUMBERTO EMMANUEL CÓRDOBA CORDOVA
• MONICA DEL CARMEN
• HECTOR DEL ANGEL ZENTENO
• DIANA LAURA ALPUCHE JIMENEZ
28/FEBRERO/2024
2.1. FASES DEL SUELO, SIMBOLOS Y
DEFINICIONES
Fase sólida:
Representa fragmentos de roca, minerales individuales,
materiales orgánicos.
Comprende partículas de diversas formas, tamaños
y composiciones químicas.
Símbolo: Vs (Volumen de solidos)
Fase líquida:
El agua en el suelo lleva disueltos diversos elementos
químicos según la composición del suelo.
Agua, sales, bases y ácidos disueltos, incluso hielo.
Símbolo: Vw (Volumen de Agua).
Fase gaseosa:
Comprende sobre todo el aire, si bien pueden estar
presentes otros gases (vapores de sulfuro, anhídridos
carbónicos, etc).
Símbolo: Va (Volumen de aire).
2.2. RELACIONES DE
PESO Y VOLUMENES
En el modelo de fases, se separan volúmenes (V) y
pesos (W) así: Volumen total (VT), volumen de vacíos
(VV), que corresponde al espacio no ocupado por los
sólidos; volumen de sólidos (VS), volumen de aire (VA)
y volumen de agua (VW). Luego
En los pesos (que son diferentes a las masas), el peso del

aire se desprecia, por lo que WA = 0. El peso total del
espécimen o de la muestra (WT) es igual a la suma del
peso de los sólidos (WS) más el peso del agua (WW);
esto es
2.3. RELACIONES
FUNDAMENTALES
RELACIONES DE VOLUMEN:
Se refiere a cuanto volumen del total de la muestra está

ocupado por vacíos.
Varía entre 25% -95%.
Granulares : Densos ≈ 24% - Sueltos ≈ 48%
Vv: Volumen de vacíos
Arcillosos: Pre consolidados ≈ 37% - altos vacíos ≈ 84%
Vm: Volumen de la muestra
Se refiere a la relación del volumen de vacíos con el volumen

de sólidos. Varía entre 0 -15. Valores prácticos oscilan entre 0,25
(Arenas muy compactas) y 15 (Arcillas de alta compresibilidad).
Granulares : Densos ≈ 0,14 - Sueltos ≈ 0,95
Vv: Volumen de vacíos Finos Plásticos: Arcilla Glacial dura ≈ 0,60 – Montmorillonita blanda ≈ 5
Vs: Volumen del sólido
Se refiere a cuanto volumen de agua presente en la muestra y

el volumen de sus vacíos.
Varia entre 0% (suelo seco) - 100% (suelo saturado)
Vv: Volumen de vacíos.

Vw: Volumen de agua.
RELACIONES DE PESO:
Se refiere a la relación entre el peso del agua y el

peso de los sólidos. Varía entre 0% -350%
Ww: peso del agua.

Ws: peso de la muestra seca
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TEMA 2:

En los pesos (que son diferentes a las masas), el peso del

Se refiere a cuanto volumen del total de la muestra está

Se refiere a la relación del volumen de vacíos con el volumen

Se refiere a cuanto volumen de agua presente en la muestra y

Vv: Volumen de vacíos.

Se refiere a la relación entre el peso del agua y el

Ww: peso del agua.

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