Matemáticas III

Dra. Vanessa Martínez Cornejo

Temas
01 Sistema de coordenadas cartesiano

La Recta
02 Distancia entre dos puntos, punto medio y ecuación de la recta

Circunferencia
03 Ecuación de la circunferencia..

04 Caracterización de lugares geométricos

Secciones cónicas
05 Parabola, hiperbola y elipse..
Evaluación y reglas

1 2
Se pasará lista con un ejercicio
entregable.
Tienen tolerancia de 10 minutos.
El portafolio de evidencias con-
tará como el 50% de califi-
cación: tareas y trabajos.
La entrega de tareas es al inicio
de la siguiente clase. A menos
que se indique lo contrario.

3 El examen es 50% de la califi-

cación total.
4 Habrá tres examenes en total.
Plano cartesiano
Recuerda que en los pares ordenados siempre va primero la letra x y luego la
letra y, formando la pareja (x,y).
A (-3,5)

B (4,2)
 Coordenadas
Un ejemplo corriente es el sistema que asigna longitud y latitud para localizar coordenadas geo-
gráficas. En física, un sistema de coordenadas para describir puntos en el espacio recibe el nom-
bre de sistema de referencia.

Latitud
La latitud es la distancia en grados (ángulo) contada entre un punto de la Tierra y el Ecuador. La latitud va de 0°
(Ecuador) a 90° (Polos) y puede ser Norte o Sur. Se utilizan los paralelos para determinar la latitud. Ejemplo de
latitud : 32° 36' Sur.

Longitud
La longitud proporciona la localización de un lugar, en dirección Este u Oeste desde el meridiano de referencia
0º, o meridiano de Greenwich, expresándose en medidas angulares comprendidas desde los 0º hasta 180ºE
(+180º) y 180ºW (-180º).
Las coordenadas del territorio mexicano son:
• Por el norte posee 32° 43´ 06´´ de latitud norte, en el Monumento 206.
• En el Sur cuenta con 14° 32´ 27´´ de latitud norte, en la desembocadura del río Suchiate,
frontera con Guatemala que constituye el extremo meridional.
• Por el Este tiene 86° 42´ 36´´de longitud oeste, en el extremo suroeste de la Isla Mujeres.
• En el Oeste presenta 118° 27´ 24´´ de longitud oeste, en sitio llamado Punta Roca Elefan-
te de la Isla de Guadalupe, en el Océano Pacífico.

Fuente: Mapa de México con coordenadas geográficas

http://www.mapademexico.com.mx/mapa-de-mexico-con-coordenadas-geograficas
 LUGAR GEOMETRICO
Un lugar geométrico es el conjunto de los puntos (x,y) que cumplen con una misma propiedad o condición
geométrica, representada por una ecuación. Ejemplos de lugares geométricos son la distancia entre dos pun-
tos (línea recta), una parábola, una circunferencia, una elipse, una bisectriz, etcétera.

y=-3x-3
La suma de la abscisa elevada al cuadrado más la suma de la ordenada elevada
al cuadrado es igual a 9.
La ecuación que satisface el planteamiento es: =9
𝒚 𝟐=𝟗 − 𝒙 𝟐
Despejando la ecuación:
𝒚 =± √𝟗 − 𝒙
𝟐
La recta
 s! !
ven id o
B ien
• Ecuación de la recta
• Distancia entre dos puntos
• Punto medio
• Rectas paralelas
 Segmento rectilíneo
El segmento de recta, es la distancia comprendida entre dos puntos A y se representa
como 𝐴𝐵
Distancia entre dos puntos
 Distancia entre dos puntos

𝑑= √ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1)2 +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1 )2 𝑑= √ ( 𝑥1 − 𝑥 2)2 +( 𝑦 1 − 𝑦 2 )2
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