Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Flotación de Minerales
Parte 3
Por:
Levi Guzmán Rivera
Moly-Cop Adesur S.A
Recuperación de Espuma
Introducción
Derivación del Modelo
Froth Recovery, Rf
Rf = 50 %
LOSS OF
RECOVERY
$ $ $
$ $
$
$
$ $
Derivación del Modelo
Conc
Froth Recovery, Rf
k
kC
Feed
Pulp Conc
Tailings
Froth k
kC
Feed
Pulp
Tailings
Froth
kC
Feed
Pulp
Tailings
Ejercicio
Froth Recovery, Rf
Hf
fg
Jg
Froth Recovery, Rf
0.25
Flotation rate constant
0.2
0.15
(1/min)
0.1
0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 602 70 80
Bubble surface area flux (m /m /sec)
2
Froth Recovery, Rf
Froth Recovery, Rf
Tiempo de residencia de la pulpa
Vf
τ fw
Qc
Froth Recovery, Rf
1
3 cu.m cell
0.75 250 litre cell
0.75
0.5
Rf
0.25
0
0 50 100 150 200
Froth retention time (conc) sec
Froth Recovery, Rf
“Chemical”
1 e.g. froth stability
“Physical”
Froth
e.g. Coarse
particles e.g. Fine particles
0
Froth retention time
Modelando la Recuperación de la fase espuma
Selectividad en la zona espuma
RECUPERACION Y GRADO DE
ENRIQUECIMIENTO
R R : recuperacion total
k : constante cinetica
Rw : recuperacion de agua
k
Rf : recuperacion zona de espuma
Rw
FRT: Tiempo de retencion de
espuma
FRT Rf Froth Rc : recuperacion zona de
coleccion
ENTi : grado de
Rc ENTi atrapamiento
kc : constante cinetica de la zona
de coleccion
P kc Pulp P : probabilidad de captura de
particulas
: tiempo de residencia de la
pulpa
Recovery
TOF
Grade of concentrate
ENT and R
CURVA DE SEPARACION.
RECUPERACION vs LEY
60
característica
40
inversa entre la
recuperación y la
ley de concentrado.
20
Feed Grade
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Grade (%)
CURVA DE SEPARACION.
RECUPERACION vs LEY
100
60 Curve
• La concentración por
flotación esta
40 determinada por la curva
de liberacion
20
• La separación práctica
por flotación esta
Feed Grade determinada por las
0 condiciones
0 20 40 60 80 100 operacionales
Grade (%)
CURVA DE SEPARACION.
RECUPERACION vs LEY
100
Tails
El dominio de la curva
Release recuperacion vs Radio de
80 Curve enriquecimiento , esta
Practical dado por :
Recovery (%)
60 Curve
1 < < max
40
El Rango de la curva
recuperacion vs radio de
’ enriquecimiento esta
20 dado por :
0 < R 100
0
1 6 11 16 max
Enrichment Ratio (g )
CURVA DE SEPARACION.
Grado de Enriquecimiento
sinh b 1
R R 1
*
sinh b ' 1
Caso de Estudio 1
Modelando la curva
recuperación vs Grado de
enriquecimiento para
diferentes tamaños de
particulas
Dawson, 1993
Jg = 0.80 (cm/s)
CURVA DE SEPARACION.
Recuperación vs Grado de Enriquecimiento
100
unsized
(+106 µm)
80 (+75-106 µm)
(+38-75 µm)
(-38 µm)
60
Recovery (%)
40
20
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
Que significán estos parámetros…?
Feed Size
Reduction Model
’
Si
ze Concentrate
Size and Composition
Mineral
R* Separation Model Tailings
b
sinh b 1
R R 1
*
sinh b ' 1
Relacion entre recuperación,
tiempo &
100 100 100
80 80 80
R eco very
R eco very
R eco very
60 60 60
40 40 40
20 20 20
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
ti me ti me time
100 100
80
80 60
R ecov ery
40
Recovery (%)
Coll. = 9 20
60 Fro. = 5
0
Coll. = 7 0 2 4 6 8 10
Fro. = 5 time
40 Coll. = 5
Fro. = 5
100
80
Coll. = 3
Fro. = 5 60
20
R ecov ery
Coll. = 1 40
Fro. = 5
20
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20
time
Grade (%)
R R (%)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Gr
a de
Ti me
Time
Enrichment Ratio
(Conc. Grade / Feed Grade)
© Marco A. Vera, 1999
TIME
TIME
Proceso de Enriquecimiento
de la zona espuma
Proceso de Enriquecimiento de la zona espuma
lamella
Packed
bubble bed
Expanded
bubble bed Inter-bubble
Froth (well mixed) lamella
Aqueous
Pulp bubble shell
Hydrophobic solids shell: bubble shell thickness
10
1<PFI < ’ 0
PULP
Jg
=1
Froth “ceiling”
Surface Rcell and cell
’ 20
10
1<PFI < ’ 0
PULP “floor”
Jg
=1
sinh b 1
R R 1
*
Vera et al., 1997
80
60
Recovery (%)
40
20
0
1 6 11 16
Enrichment Ratio ( )
Recovery (%)
100
0
1
15
Efecto de la altura de espuma en el grado
de enriquecimiento
Mineral de Plomo (galena)
’ = 56% Pb
’ = 56.2% Pb
’ = 55.7% Pb
3.5 cm 2.5 cm 1.5 cm
Galena Ore - Batch Flotation Test
100
Pb feed grade = 19.01%
80
R* = 96%
Recovery (%)
’ calc = 3.6976
60
b = 1.96
40
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Enrichment Ratio (g )
Chalcopyrite Ore - Batch Flotation Test
100
Cu feed grade = 1.96%
80
Recovery (%)
60
b = 0.51
40
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Enrichment Ratio (g )
Caso de Estudio 2
• Galena ore.
• 5 L batch flotation cell.
– k (flotation rate constant) at different collector
doses.
– Top of Froth (TOF) sample at different
collector doses.
– Relationship between TOF-measured and
TOF-calculated.
– Relationship between k and TOF.
100
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time (min)
100
Cumulative Recovery (%)
80
60
40
20
0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Enrichment Ratio ( )
4
3.5
3
k-Pb
2.5 TOF-Pb
k or TOF
1.5
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Collector Dose (g/t)
2
1.9
1.8
Calculated ' (TOF) 1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Measured ' (TOF)
6
5
4
k (1/min)
3
2
1
0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
'
Caso de estudio 3
• Galena ore rougher flotation bank.
• Survey down the bank and TOF samples.
• Recovery-Enrichment Ratio Curve (down
the bank).
• Comparison, TOF-calculated vs TOF-
measured.
Sample N° Sample Name % Pb
1 Feed 1.11
3 Tails 0.31
7 6 5 4
3 4 3 2 1 1
FEED
11 10 9 8
TAILS
2
COMB. CONCENTRATE
Galena Ore - Industrial plant
100
Pb feed grade = 1.11%
80
R* = 96.7%
’ calc = 42.61
Recovery (%)
60
40
b = 0.0635
0
1 11 21 31 41 51
Enrichment Ratio (g )
Caso de Estudio 4
• Galena ore rougher flotation bank same as
Case Study 2, but only cell 3.
• Comparison of TOF-measured at different
conditions.
30
25
20
Pb, TOF (%)
15
10
0
Baseline Increase Frother Decrease Increase Froth Decrease Froth
Frother Depth Depth
sinh b 1
R R 1
*
sinh b ' 1
100
80 “floor”
60
Recovery (%)
R = RC ?
* 40
20
0
“ceiling”
1 6 11 16
Enrichment Ratio ( )
Band of Flotation Performance
RECOVERY
Operatin
g Target
GRADE
60
40
20
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Prediction of the Separation
Performance Using the Recovery-
Enrichment Ratio Model
Auxiliary Relationship between
parameter “b” and grinding time for Case
Study
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 Predicted
b
“b” value
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (min)
100
exp - 21 min grinding time
simulated curve
Recovery (%) 80
60
40
20
0
1 11 21 31
Enrichment Ratio ( )
100
80
Recovery (%)
60
40
collector 45 g/t
20 collector 54 g/t
collector 73 g/t
collector 91 g/t
0
1 6 11 16
Enrichment Ratio ( )
2.5
1.5
b
0.5
Predicted “b”
0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Collector Dose (g/t)
100
R-exp - collector 63.5 g/t
80 simulated
Recovery (%)
60
40
20
0
1 6 11 16
Enrichment Ratio ( )
100
80
Recovery (%)
60
40
collector 45 g/t
20 collector 54 g/t
collector 73 g/t
collector 91 g/t
0
1 6 11 16
Enrichment Ratio ( )
VISUALIZACION DE LA ESPUMA
Textura de la Espuma
Froth Velocity Results
40
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4
Cell N°
40
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4
Cell N°
45
40
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Survey N°
Water Recovery
4
3.5 Survey 1
Water Recovery (%)
3 Survey 2
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
PbS Recovery
35
30 Survey 1
PbS Recovery (%)
25 Survey 2
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
Concentrate and TOF grades
70
60 Survey 1
Conc. Grade (%PbS)
50 Survey 2
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
70
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
60 Survey 1
TOF Grade (%PbS)
50 Survey 2
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
PbS Froth Zone Recovery (%) PbS Froth Zone Recovery
100
Survey 1
80
Survey 2
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
PbS Recovery – Charac. Cell 3
35
[F]1
30 FD
PbS Recovery (%)
25 Jg
20 [F]2
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
Concentrate and TOF grades – Charac.
Cell 3
70
60 [F]1
Conc. Grade (%PbS)
50 FD
Jg
40
[F]2
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
70
Froth Velocity (mm/sec) [F]1
60
TOF Grade (%PbS)
FD
50
Jg
40
[F]2
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
PbS Froth Zone Recovery (%) PbS Froth Recovery – Charac. Cell 3
100
[F]1
80 FD
Jg
60
[F]2
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Froth Velocity (mm/sec)
Textural Analysis Results
10 cm
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 3 Cell 4
10 cm
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 3 Cell 4
PbS Recovery
35
30
PbS Recovery (%)
25
20
15 [F]1
10 FD
5 Jg
[F]2
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Mid_TU
Concentrate and TOF grades
70
[F]1
60
Conc. Grade (%PbS)
FD
50 Jg
40 [F]2
30
20
10
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
70
Mid_TU [F]1
60
TOF Grade (%PbS)
FD
50
Jg
40 [F]2
30
20
10
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Mid_TU
TOF grade
70
60 16-L HSbFC
TOF Grade (%Cu)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Mid_TU
Conclusions
La ley de espuma superficial (TOF) corresponde a la
medicion experimental del parametro ’ de la
relacion recuperación-enriquecimiento del modelo.
El proceso de enriquecimiento ha sido bien definido
para condiciones borde (“floor” “ceiling”).
’ es una funcion del rendimiento de la fase pulpa
’ es independiente del rendimiento de la fase
espuma (altura, concentracion).
La relación de la curva Recuperacion-
Enriquecimiento es una medida del rendimiento de
la fase espuma.
12/08/23 143