Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Monitorización de la
Coagulación
Hemorragia obstétrica: Mortalidad
• Es la principal causa de muerte materna en México y de morbilidad
severa en el mundo; y es la más evitable
• En países en desarrollo la hemorragia periparto es responsable del
30% de las muertes maternas.
• En países desarrolados la hemorragia periparto es responsable del 3-
11% de las muertes maternas.
Hemorragia obstétrica: Morbilidad
• La morbilidad significativa como pérdida de fertilidad, necrosis
hipofisaria, insuficiencia renal, coagulopatía e insuficiencia
respiratoria se asocia con hemorragia periparto grave.
Definición
Embarazo
Causas
• Plaquetas
• A platelet count of at least 50,000/mm3 should be maintained
• This means that infu- sion perhaps should be started once the count reaches 75×109l−1.
Protocolo para toma de laboratorios
Resucitación
• Fibrinógeno
• Several studies have identified decreased fibrinogen levels as an impor- tant
predictor of severe obstetric hemorrhage
• Método Clauss, ROTEM, TEG.
• increased by a factor of 2.6 for each 1 g/L decrease in fibrinogen level.
• Baseline plasma fibrinogen level less than 2 g/L at the time of bleeding onset had a
positive predictive value of 100% for subsequent evolution to severe hemorrhage
• the rapid restoration of normal peripartum fibrinogen levels (4–6 g/L) has been
shown to effectively reduce or arrest blood loss.
• Concentrado de fibrinógeno are associated with lower blood loss, decreased RBC
transfusion, and greater increases in plasma fibrinogen levels
• Approximately 60mg/kg are needed to raise the level of fibrinogen by 1g/l,
Resucitación
• Crioprecipitados
• Crioprecipitado contiene fibrinógeno, factor VIII, fibronectina, factor von
Willebrand, y factor XVIII.
• Los crioprecipitados aumentan 0.7 a 1 g/L el fibrinogeno por cada 100 ml.
Resucitación
• Ácido tranexámico
Resucitación
• Factor VIIa recombinante
• Retrospective studies investi- gating the use of rFVIIa in the management of
obstetric hemorrhage unresponsive to conventional therapies have suggested
rFVIIa is associated with decreased blood loss, reduced RBC transfusion, and
lower maternal mortality.
• rFVIIa should be used only after failure of conventional therapies, including
invasive treatment (such as uterine embolization) but before obstetric
hysterectomy.
• The following parameters are achieved: temperature greater than 34C,
arterial pH greater than 7.20, normocalcemia, Hct greater than 30%, platelet
count greater than 50,000/mm3, and fibrinogen greater than 1 g/L.4
• 60 to 90 mg/kg
Resucitación
• Recuperador sanguíneo
• Intraoperative salvage involves the collection of blood from the surgical field,
followed by washing and filtration, and reinfusion to the patient
• The European guides on massive perioperative bleeding establish the
following recommendations in this regard: ‘‘Perioperative recovery of blood in
obstetrics is well tolerated, taking into account the necessary precautions
referred to Rh isoimmunization’’
Protocolo de transfusión masiva
Baird, E. J. (2017). Identification and Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage. Anesthesiology
Clinics, 35(1), 15–34.doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2016.09.004
• MCLINTOCK, C., & JAMES, A. H. (2011). Obstetric hemorrhage. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 9(8), 1441–1451. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04398.x
• Guasch, E., & Gilsanz, F. (2016). Massive obstetric hemorrhage: Current approach to management. Medicina Intensiva (English Edition), 40(5), 298–
310.doi:10.1016/j.medine.2016.02.003
• O’Brien, K. L., Shainker, S. A., & Lockhart, E. L. (2018). Transfusion Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage. Transfusion Medicine Reviews.doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2018.05.003
• Baird, E. J. (2017). Identification and Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage. Anesthesiology Clinics, 35(1), 15–34.doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2016.09.004
• Goffman, D., Nathan, L., & Chazotte, C. (2016). Obstetric hemorrhage: A global review. Seminars in Perinatology, 40(2), 96–98. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.014
• Clark, S. L. (2016). Obstetric hemorrhage. Seminars in Perinatology, 40(2), 109–111.doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.016
• Le Gouez, A., & Mercier, F. J. (2016). Major obstetric hemorrhage. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, 23(4), 229–232.doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2016.08.003
• Zieleskiewicz, L., Chantry, A., Duclos, G., Bourgoin, A., Mignon, A., Deneux-Tharaux, C., & Leone, M. (2016). Intensive care and pregnancy: Epidemiology and general
principles of management of obstetrics ICU patients during pregnancy. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, 35, S51–S57.doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2016.06.005
• Troiano, N. H., & Witcher, P. M. (2018). Maternal Mortality and Morbidity in the United States. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 32(3), 222–
231.doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000349
• Shakur, H., Roberts, I., Fawole, B., Chaudhri, R., El-Sheikh, M., Akintan, A., … Abdulkadir, A. (2017). Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality,
hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The
Lancet, 389(10084), 2105–2116.doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30638-4
• Smith, R. B., Erickson, L. P., Mercer, L. T., Hermann, C. E., & Foley, M. R. (2019). Improving obstetric hemorrhage morbidity by a checklist-based management protocol; a
quality improvement initiative. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 236, 166–172.doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.02.026
• Smith, R. B., Erickson, L. P., Mercer, L. T., Hermann, C. E., & Foley, M. R. (2019). Improving obstetric hemorrhage morbidity by a checklist-based management protocol; a
quality improvement initiative. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 236, 166–172.doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.02.026